CN101910465B - 涂层装置 - Google Patents

涂层装置 Download PDF

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CN101910465B
CN101910465B CN200880122576.8A CN200880122576A CN101910465B CN 101910465 B CN101910465 B CN 101910465B CN 200880122576 A CN200880122576 A CN 200880122576A CN 101910465 B CN101910465 B CN 101910465B
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彼得·霍林
特里斯坦·凯泽
汉斯-于尔根·莱塞甘
雷纳·瓦格纳
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种涂层装置，包括下列特征：颗粒具有大于等于9的莫氏硬度并且具有可预设的平均粒度，涂层的厚度大致相当于平均粒度的一半，涂层载体具有包含一些凹穴的表面，其中，所述凹穴约大于85％的部分相对于围绕各凹穴的表面周边，设计具有约小于涂层厚度10％的深度和/或约小于等于涂层厚度15％的开口宽度，以及涂层涂敷在涂层载体的表面上，并且所述颗粒至少在其面向所述涂层载体的下方区域内被所述涂层包围。

Description

涂层装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种涂层装置。
背景技术
在现有技术中已知一系列的提高摩擦性能的涂层，但对某些应用而言，还需要一如既往地提高可由此实现的附着系数。
发明内容
因此，本发明所要解决的技术问题是，创造一种可实现特别高的附着系数的、改进的涂层装置或涂层布置结构。
上述技术问题通过权利要求1所述的技术解决方案解决。有利的各种扩展设计在各从属权利要求中说明。
按权利要求1所述的涂层装置包括下列特征：
-颗粒具有大于等于9的莫氏硬度并且具有可预设的平均粒度，
-涂层的厚度大致相当于平均粒度的一半，
-涂层载体具有包含一些凹穴的表面，其中，所述凹穴约大于85％的部分相对于围绕各凹穴的表面周边，设计具有约小于涂层厚度10％的深度和/或约小于等于涂层厚度15％的开口宽度，以及
-涂层涂敷在涂层载体的表面上，并且所述颗粒至少在其面向所述涂层载体的下方区域内被所述涂层包围。
尤其通过这样来设计涂层载体的表面，例如通过磨削，使得沟痕状的凹穴相对于围绕各凹穴的表面周边具有约小于涂层厚度10％的深度和/或约小于涂层厚度15％的开口宽度，保证了涂层最佳的附着性能，并且同时防止颗粒消失在凹穴中从而致使颗粒并没有用于提高涂层装置的摩擦性能。
在一种有利的设计方案中，涂层由电镀涂敷的镍构成，以便为涂层载体生成一层极好的防腐蚀和防其它环境影响的保护层。
在一种有利的设计方案中，涂层载体具有相较于与涂层装置相对挤压的对置元件更大的莫氏硬度和/或抗拉强度，因此，按期望，颗粒突出于涂层之外的区域被压入该对置元件中，并且颗粒下面的涂层和颗粒下面的涂层载体的区域相对于压入对置元件仅微量地变形。
附图说明
本发明其它的优点、特征和细节参照附图从下文中说明的本发明的实施形式中获得。在附图中：
图1是其上涂敷有涂层的分度盘状部件以及
图2是图1所示涂层的原则上的构造。
具体实施方式
图1作为本发明的一种实施形式示出了配设有涂层的分度盘状部件。分度盘状部件在此划分为多个扇形的子元件50，其中，各个子元件包括三个孔52。在此，该分度盘状的部件设置应用在联轴器领域中，其中分度盘状部件布置在例如两个相互连接的轴元件，例如海上风力发电设备的主轴的凸缘状扩展的轴端之间。与分度盘状部件的各孔52对应的是，两个轴元件的两个凸缘也设计有相应的通孔或盲孔，以便螺栓能够穿过各孔52将两个凸缘状的轴端与布置在其间的分度盘状部件相互拧紧。在一种实施形式中，在此在分度盘状部件的周边可以设计一种编码，例如齿，以便能检测轴的转速。
为了使两个凸缘状轴端尽可能稳固地相互连接，分度盘状的部件至少在其两个端面上按涂层装置的结构框架设计有涂层。在此，图2示出了涂层装置的原理图。分度盘状部件在此包括由抗拉强度约在600和800MPa之间的钢材构成的、并具有莫氏硬度为6的涂层载体10，其中，例如可以使用钢类型Domex 500 MC。之后这样磨削设计涂层载体10的端侧表面，使得该表面具有Ra≤0.2的粗糙度，并且由磨削引起的沟痕状凹穴12相对于围绕凹穴12的表面周边具有小于等于4微米的深度和小于等于6微米的开口宽度。
将由镍电镀的厚度约为5微米的下涂层22涂敷至这样磨削的涂层载体10上。之后将莫氏硬度为10且平均晶粒大小约为120微米的颗粒30，尤其是单晶的金刚石，例如天然金刚石的圆形或块状晶粒铺设到下涂层22上。随后同样将镍制的上涂层24电镀地涂敷至该下涂层上，使得铺设在下涂层22上的颗粒30至少在面向涂层载体10的下部区域中被上涂层24包围。上涂层24在此涂敷至约为55微米的厚度，使得涂层的整个厚度相当于约平均晶粒大小的一半。
按前面所述，涂层载体10的两个端侧相应地被涂层。两个轴元件的两个凸缘状轴端在此由莫氏硬度和抗拉强度值都要小于涂层载体10的材料构成，其中，轴端尤其由抗拉强度在400至500MPA的范围之间的、莫氏硬度为5的灰铸铁例如GG 40.3构成。为了贴靠在分度盘状部件上而设的凸缘面在此设计有在0.5至1.5微米范围内的粗糙度Ra。
若此时开始两个轴端与在其间布置的分度盘状部件相互稳固地螺栓连接，那么在螺栓连接时金刚石颗粒30这样压入灰铸铁中，使得分度盘状部件与轴端相互啮合地连接。螺栓连接时，布置在各金刚石颗粒30下面的下涂层22和布置在下涂层下方的涂层载体区域沿分度盘状部件的方向仅略有压缩。在前面的描述中尤其可以有利地实现大于0.8的摩擦值。此外，镍涂层对于钢制涂层载体10而言同时也是一种极好的防腐层，从而可靠地保护了分度盘状部件不受最为不利的天气条件影响。
另一优点是，使用前述涂层时，在连接强度相同的情况下，例如可以相对通常的连接减少螺栓的数量。

Claims (26)

1.一种分度盘状部件，该分度盘状部件具有多个孔，并且设计用于使用在海上风力发电设备的主轴的两个要相互连接的轴元件的两个凸缘状扩展的轴端之间，其中，所述分度盘状部件至少在其两个端面上按涂层装置的结构框架设计有涂层，其中，具有包括下列特征的涂层装置：
-颗粒具有大于等于9的莫氏硬度并且具有可预设的平均粒度，
-涂层具有大致相当于平均粒度一半的厚度，其中，所述涂层的厚度设置在45至75微米之间，
-涂层载体具有包含多个凹穴的表面，其中，所述凹穴大于85％的部分相对于围绕各凹穴的表面周边，设计具有小于涂层厚度10％的深度和/或小于等于涂层厚度15％的开口宽度，以及
-涂层涂敷在所述涂层载体的表面上，并且所述颗粒至少在其面向所述涂层载体的下方区域内被所述涂层包围，
-其中，在所述涂层装置还未被压向一对置元件时，所述涂层包括涂敷在所述涂层载体的表面上、具有小于涂层厚度10％的厚度的下涂层，所述颗粒铺设在该下涂层上，并且一上涂层涂覆在所述下涂层上而形成完整的所述涂层。
2.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述凹穴大于99％的部分相应地如此设计。
3.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述凹穴设计具有小于等于6微米的深度。
4.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述凹穴设计具有小于8微米的开口宽度。
5.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述涂层载体的表面设计具有小于等于0.2微米的粗糙度Ra。
6.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述涂层载体具有大于等于5的莫氏硬度。
7.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述涂层载体由抗拉强度在600MPa至800MPa之间的钢材构成。
8.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述涂层载体的表面被磨削而成。
9.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述下涂层的厚度大约为5微米。
10.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述下涂层和/或上涂层包括镍。
11.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述下涂层和/或上涂层电镀地涂敷。
12.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述下涂层和/或上涂层设计成材料一致。
13.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述颗粒的莫氏硬度为10。
14.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述颗粒包括圆形或块状的单晶金刚石的晶粒。
15.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，与所述涂层装置相对挤压的对置元件具有大约为5的莫氏硬度。
16.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，与所述涂层装置相对挤压的对置元件包括抗拉强度在400至500MPa之间的灰铸铁。
17.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，与所述涂层装置相对挤压的对置元件的硬度和/或抗拉强度小于所述涂层载体的硬度和/或抗拉强度。
18.按权利要求1所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述涂层装置涂敷在一个分度盘状部件的至少一个端侧上。
19.按权利要求18所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述部件划分为多个圆弧形的子元件。
20.按权利要求18所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述部件设计具有多个轴向的、用于穿过固定器件的通孔。
21.按权利要求18所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述部件应用在刚性的联轴器中。
22.按权利要求18所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述部件在边缘具有用于检测轴转速的编码。
23.按权利要求22所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述编码包括齿。
24.按权利要求3所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述凹穴设计具有小于等于4微米的深度。
25.按权利要求4所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述凹穴设计具有小于等于6微米的开口宽度。
26.按权利要求6所述的分度盘状部件，其中，所述涂层载体具有大于等于6的莫氏硬度。
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