CN101909543A - 拔牙后的牙齿植入件 - Google Patents

拔牙后的牙齿植入件 Download PDF

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CN101909543A
CN101909543A CN2008801226667A CN200880122666A CN101909543A CN 101909543 A CN101909543 A CN 101909543A CN 2008801226667 A CN2008801226667 A CN 2008801226667A CN 200880122666 A CN200880122666 A CN 200880122666A CN 101909543 A CN101909543 A CN 101909543A
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dental implant
screw thread
exodontia
implantation piece
bone
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J·C·加西亚萨万
F·J·加西亚萨万
M·A·加西亚萨万
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0018Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
    • A61C8/0022Self-screwing
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8625Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
    • A61B17/863Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue with thread interrupted or changing its form along shank, other than constant taper
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0018Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
    • A61C8/0022Self-screwing
    • A61C8/0025Self-screwing with multiple threads
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8645Headless screws, e.g. ligament interference screws
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0048Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars
    • A61C8/005Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers
    • A61C8/006Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers with polygonal positional means, e.g. hexagonal or octagonal
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0048Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars
    • A61C8/005Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers
    • A61C8/0068Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers with an additional screw
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0048Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars
    • A61C8/005Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers
    • A61C8/0069Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers tapered or conical connection

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
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  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Dental Prosthetics (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及在牙齿被拔掉后立即使用并在拔牙后被置于牙槽内的那种类型的牙齿植入件,其目的是提高移植的长期和短期稳定性,并且主要包括这样一个锥体,其上设置有使得植入件能够螺纹连接骨头皮层区的螺纹(1),以及置于螺纹(1)之间并且尺寸较之更小的另一额外的自攻丝螺纹或微螺纹(2),以及用于固定假体元件的固定装置。

Description

拔牙后的牙齿植入件
技术领域
如题目所述,本发明专利申请包括一种牙齿植入件,其在牙齿被拔掉后立即使用并在拔牙后被置于牙槽内。
更具体而言,本发明的目的是涉及这样一种拔牙后的牙齿植入件,其目的是提高植入的长期和短期稳定性。
背景技术
牙齿移植术目前广泛普及,医生和患者也普遍使用和接受。所述技术使得能够通过与相应假牙依次连接的植入件来替换牙根。
在早期的移植技术中,拔掉将被植入件所替换的牙齿意味着要等6-12个月,以便能够安装固定件。过去人们已经接受不得不等待这段时间,以使得拔牙区域附近的骨头变得硬化并且能够准备好容纳和结合钛植入件。
但是,该方案与因事故、牙周病或其他原因而导致的门牙外伤性损失的情形下对快速美观解决方案的日益增长需求相悖。
因此,被植入在牙槽(即被拔掉牙的牙根部)所留下的空隙中的拔牙后的植入件出现来响应于上述所述需求。
这些植入件比普通植入件具有更明显的锥度,因为在一拔牙之后,牙槽仍然保持其形状而不封闭,因此它适合于适应已有的牙槽。
这种类型的拔牙后植入件目前是公知技术的一部分,其在美观性上改善了被损害区域,因为它保护了骨头和牙龈组织并且加快了恢复时间,减少了由于牙齿毁损所导致的心理伤害以及恢复费用。
如上所述,所述植入件由具有明显锥度的元件所构建,其主体除了限定了不带螺纹的头部的上部分之外都是完全地带螺纹的。
但是,尽管这些已知的植入件满足了它们被设计所赋予的功能,但它们都缺少同时的最初(primary)稳定性和第二期(secondary)稳定性,其中最初稳定性或短期稳定性被定义为由于在插入时较好的机械锚固而使植入件被稳定地连接于骨头,并且第二期稳定性或长期稳定性被定义为由于插入之后的骨形态的生长和重塑而使得植入件被稳定地连接于骨头。
不稳定性主要是由于因为它们的头部不带螺纹,它们没有被固定于骨头的皮层区即最外层区域,因此丧失了抓持力和稳定性。
发明内容
本发明的拔牙后植入件如下所述地解决了上述缺陷,因为它提供了很高的最初稳定性和二级稳定性,大体上改进了与骨头的锚固性,同时在其植入的每一个步骤中都对提出的所有要求给予适当的回应,并且还能够在可用骨结构极少和/或与相邻牙齿极其靠近的情形下被植入。
为此,本发明的螺纹植入件由在直径较大的上部区域中具有通常为锥形几何形状的主体构建而成,其中在此上部区域中限定了在拔牙后允许使用的头部,即能够将其插入到最近被拔掉牙齿的牙根在骨头中留下的空间内。
此外,作为主要元件,本发明的植入件的整个长度包括还带有螺纹的上部区域或头部,其使得植入件不仅被拧紧在骨头的小梁区或内部区域上,而且被拧紧在皮层区或外部区域上,因此改进了其最初稳定性,即在插入时的稳定性。
为了进一步提高抓持性或保持性,所述螺纹为自攻型的,这样所述植入件自身可在骨头中加工出螺纹。
另一方面,为了提高最初和二级稳定性,本发明的植入件包括至少一个微螺纹或被插入前述螺纹之间的尺寸较之更小的螺纹,其功能是基于实现甚至更好地固定到皮层骨上。
具体而言,可实现额外地固定至皮层骨,因为所述皮层骨比小梁骨更为紧凑,植入件的大部分通过更大的自攻丝螺纹被插入其中,因此它有助于这些微螺纹的插入,确保了更牢固和长久的连接。
附图说明
为了使说明书更为完整并且为了有助于更好的理解本发明优选实施例的特征,所附的一组附图作为所述说明书的必要部分,其中下面的描述仅为示例性的而非限定性的:
图1示出本发明的植入件的立体图;
图2示出本发明的植入件的第二立体图;
图3示出本发明的植入件的示意性截面图;
图4示出一截面图,其中可观察到根据本发明可能实施例的、用于连接到假体元件上的连接装置。
图5最后示出一截面图,其中示出根据本发明另一可能实施例的、连接于假体元件的其他连接装置。
具体实施方式
根据附图,可观察到本发明拔牙后的植入件主要包括其上设置有沿其整个长度延伸的螺纹(1)的锥体,其具有上部区域或头部,以使得植入件可通过所述螺纹(1)被拧紧在骨头的皮层区上。
根据本发明的优选实施例,所述螺纹(1)将是自攻型的,因此使得植入件自身可在骨头上加工出螺纹而不需要进行预加工。
此外,如图所示,为了更好地固定于皮层骨,本发明的拔牙后的植入件包括被置于螺纹(1)之间并且尺寸较之更小的至少一个自攻丝的微螺纹(2),其中螺纹(1)和微螺纹(2)都具有相同的螺距,该螺距根据本发明的优选实施例在0.6~1mm之间。
此外,根据本发明的另一个可能实施例,螺纹(1)在将被固定于骨头的皮层区内的头部的上部区域具有不同的宽度,优选其尺寸小于沿植入件布置的螺纹(1)的其余部分,从而有助于实现锚固。
因此,根据本发明的可能实施例,螺纹(1)具有0.3~0.5mm的宽度,其中位于主体上的螺纹宽度为0.4~0.5mm,并且位于头部上的如上所述尺寸更小的螺纹宽度为0.30~0.35mm之间。
另一方面,也根据本发明可能实施例,微螺纹(2)的尺寸为头部区域的螺纹(1)尺寸的三分之一。
为了能够与假体元件连接,本发明的拔牙后的植入件将具有固定装置,如图4和5所示。
具体而言,图4示出具有六边形或其他类型的外连接件(3)的可能实施例,该外连接件借助用于保持螺纹元件或螺丝的螺纹孔(4)沿植入件的轴线在下部处进行延伸。
另一可能实施例如图5所示,其中所述固定装置(在该情形下为内部固定装置)包括锥形腔(5),其沿植入件的轴线对齐并且在下部处在六边形腔(6)中进行延伸,同时在该六边形腔(6)的下方且轴向对齐地设置有用于保持螺纹元件或螺丝的螺纹孔(7)。
因此,在所述图5所示的实施例中,在假体元件与植入件之间的连接是借助与贯穿螺栓发生摩擦作用的锥形内部连接件的那些连接类型,并且其中六边形腔(6)此外地形成了抗旋转装置。

Claims (9)

1.一种拔牙后的牙齿植入件,包括其上设置有螺纹(1)的锥体,其特征在于:所述螺纹(1)以如下方式沿锥体的整个长度延伸,即牙齿植入件螺纹连接到骨头的小梁区和皮层区这两者上得到确保。
2.如权利要求1所述的拔牙后的牙齿植入件,其特征在于:
所述牙齿植入件包括尺寸比螺纹(1)更小的并且置于螺纹(1)之间的至少一个自攻丝的微螺纹(2)。
3.如权利要求2所述的拔牙后的牙齿植入件,其特征在于:所述螺纹(1)和微螺纹(2)具有相同的螺距。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的拔牙后的牙齿植入件,其特征在于:所述螺纹(1)为自攻丝螺纹。
5.如权利要求1、2或4任意一项所述的拔牙后的牙齿植入件,其特征在于:螺纹(1)在将被固定于骨头的皮层区内的植入件的上部区域中的宽度小于其沿植入件的其余部分的宽度。
6.如前述权利要求任意一项所述的拔牙后的牙齿植入件,其特征在于:所述牙齿植入件具有用于固定假体元件的固定装置。
7.如权利要求6所述的拔牙后的牙齿植入件,其特征在于:
所述固定装置包括外连接件(3),其中该外连接件借助用于保持螺纹元件或螺丝的螺纹孔(4)沿植入件的轴线在下部处进行延伸。
8.如权利要求7所述的拔牙后的牙齿植入件,其特征在于:所述外连接件(3)为六边形。
9.如权利要求6所述的拔牙后的牙齿植入件,其特征在于:所述固定装置包括锥形腔(5),其沿植入件的轴线对齐并且在下部处在六边形腔(6)中进行延伸,同时在该六边形腔(6)的下方且轴向对齐地设置有用于保持螺纹元件或螺丝的螺纹孔(7)。
CN2008801226667A 2007-12-07 2008-01-18 拔牙后的牙齿植入件 Pending CN101909543A (zh)

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ES200703256A ES2321573B1 (es) 2007-12-07 2007-12-07 Implante dental post-extraccion.
PCT/ES2008/000029 WO2009071712A1 (es) 2007-12-07 2008-01-18 Implante dental post - extracción

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ES2321573A1 (es) 2009-06-08
AR070765A1 (es) 2010-05-05
CA2708025A1 (en) 2009-06-11
RU2459594C2 (ru) 2012-08-27
WO2009071712A1 (es) 2009-06-11
ES2321573B1 (es) 2010-03-26
JP2011505884A (ja) 2011-03-03
BRPI0821038A2 (pt) 2015-06-16
US20100304335A1 (en) 2010-12-02

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