The preparation process of medicinal composition that a kind of astragaloside and astragalus polysaccharides are composite
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to a kind of preparation process of medicinal composition that is derived from the Radix Astragali, especially a kind of adopt differential extraction in conjunction with multistage membrance separation concentrate, the process combination of post separation and purification, utilize with batch Radix Astragali raw medicinal material and produce high-purity astragaloside and neutral yellow astragalus polysaccharides and quantitative composite medicinal especially injection standard composition preparation technology by a certain percentage simultaneously.
Background technology
The Radix Astragali is the dry root of leguminous plant Radix Astagali Astrgalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.var.monghalicus (Bge.) Hsiao or pod membrane Radix Astragali Astrgalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge..The tool invigorating QI to consolidate the body surface resistance, diuresis detoxification, evacuation of pus, expelling pus and promoting granulation effect.It is weak to be used for the treatment of the deficiency of vital energy, anorexia and loose stool, and sinking of QI of middle-JIAO, the chronic diarrhea proctoptosis, the metrorrhagia of having blood in stool, the exterior deficiency spontaneous perspiration, deficiency of vital energy edema, carbuncle is difficult bursts, and burst for a long time and do not hold back, blood deficiency and yellow complexion, interior-heat is quenched one's thirst, chronic nephritis proteinuria, diabetes.It is tcm clinical Chinese crude drug commonly used.
The medicinal ingredient of the Radix Astragali is very complicated, mainly contains effective ingredient such as saponin, flavone, aminoacid and polysaccharide.Preparing highly purified Radix Astragali effective site or composition and quantitatively make up, is to realize the standardized a kind of effective means of formulation of astragalus root.
The method that generally prepare now Radix Astragali extract is primarily aimed at wherein that certain constituents extracts and makes with extra care, and makes the utilization rate reduction of Milkvetch Root like this, has formed the wasting of resources.A kind of preparation method of Radix Astragali total saponins is disclosed as patent (ZL 02155002.6), the method for making that has proposed Radix Astragali total saponins in the method has also proposed to obtain the method that content reaches 97% astragaloside simultaneously, but this patent not with 99% astragaloside as the target product, but obtain a kind of Radix Astragali total saponins.
Therefore, the part Study personnel begin to pay close attention to the comprehensive extraction and purification process problem of Milkvetch Root.
A kind of pharmaceutical composition that contains Radix Astragali effective site is disclosed as patent (ZL03112649.9), and with it raw material as drip liquid, this pharmaceutical composition makes through the substep extraction separation, separate with ethanol extraction in regular turn respectively and make Radix Astragali saponin and separates with water extraction and make the polysaccharide composition, do not carry out quantitatively composite forming but do not prepare high-purity astragaloside and polysaccharide respectively, and the ratio of not clear and definite astragaloside and polysaccharide.
Patent (ZL00109690.7) discloses the extraction separation method of a kind of astragalus polysaccharides and Radix Astragali saponin, proposed to utilize the method for producing Radix Astragali saponin and astragalus polysaccharides simultaneously with batch medical material, but the applied in any combination mode and the proportion compatibility thereof of not clear and definite Radix Astragali saponin and astragalus polysaccharides.
A large amount of literature research show, because the place of production, processing method, collecting season difference, chemical constituent kind in the Milkvetch Root, content are not on all four, therefore, comprehensively extract when making with extra care, the content of inhomogeneity chemical constituent, ratio also exist and add big-difference, make the content of corresponding preparations chemical constituent exist batch between unstability.
As Zhao Wen etc. saponin constituent in Aksu Radix Astragali and the Radix Astagali is compared, find that the two total saponin content does not have significant difference, but contained saponin constituent difference, can be used as the discriminating of the two.(Zhao Wen, etc. the comparison of saponin constituent [J] in Aksu Radix Astragali and the Radix Astagali. West China pharmaceutical journal, 2002,17 (4): 280~281), illustrate that the saponin constituent in the Radix Astragali of the different places of production is also not quite identical.
And for example Zhang Shanyu etc. has studied the changes of contents of total saponins, astragaloside, total flavones and polysaccharide in the pod membrane Radix Astragali of the different growth years in Helong City, Jilin Province, the result shows, the main component content difference is bigger in the different growth year Huangs, increase along with growth year, total saponins in the Radix Astragali, total flavones and Astragaloside content all increase, and polyoses content then reduces.(Zhang Shanyu, etc. total saponins in the different growth year Radixs Astragali, astragaloside, total flavones and polyoses content be [J] relatively. Yanbian University's medical journal, 2005,28 (2): 87~89), illustrate and gather difference there is a certain distance in content between the Radix Astragali of the time limits.
A large amount of pharmacological researches show that astragaloside and astragalus polysaccharides all have good immunological enhancement, and astragaloside has more the treatment viral myocarditis, improves the effect of aspects such as hemorheology, antioxidant radical.Because poorly water-soluble, the oral bioavailability rate of astragaloside are low, therefore, the preparation of astragaloside is based on injection system.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide under a kind of cryogenic conditions with water is water solublity composition in the differential extraction Radix Astragali of solvent, as saponin, flavonoid glycoside and water soluble polysaccharide etc., and in same technical process, utilize same batch herbal extract to divide and do not produce high-purity astragaloside and high-purity polysaccharide, the quantitative in proportion more composite method for preparing the medicinal standard raw material through refining pure.
The present invention implements by following steps: medical material pretreatment, differential extraction, microfiltration, membrance concentration, adsorption column separation, substep precipitate with ethanol, refining, the drying, composite of ion exchange column.Concrete implementation step is as follows:
1. medical material pretreatment: Milkvetch Root cuts into grain about 2mm through reciprocating type medicine cutter, pulverizes through the pulverizer of pre-installing 0.5~1.2mm left and right sides screen cloth.
2. differential extraction: with medicinal material coarse powder put improved continous way differential extractor (differential extractor: Liu every country, ZL200420102481.9) in, monitor the reaction of several sugar-frees through the differential extracting solution that is extracted into sulfuric acid-phynol method.
3. microfiltration: adopt filtering accuracy 800nm and following microstrainer with extracting liquid filtering to clarification, collect clarifying filtrate.
4. membrance concentration: it is 2: 1~1: 1 with the medical material ratio that clarifying micro-filtrate is concentrated into concentrated solution through nanofiltration, collects concentrated solution.
5. post separates: with membrance concentration liquid with adsorption resin column on the flow velocity of 1~4BV; The post bed continues and is eluted to effluent with the reaction of sulfuric acid-phynol method monitoring sugar-free with purified water, collects upper prop liquid and water elution liquid respectively; It is colourless that post bed reuse alkaline aqueous solution is eluted to effluent, and continuing is eluted to effluent neutrality with purified water, colourless to effluent with 20%~40% ethanol elution again; At last, collect effluent, reclaim ethanol, add 5~15 times of water mix homogeneously to the greatest extent and be concentrated into relative density 1.06~1.12 with 70%~90% ethanol elution of 2~4 times of bed volumes, in deepfreeze more than 8 hours, centrifugal collecting precipitation; Centrifugation is washed several, warm water dissolving, deepfreeze crystallization, centrifugal collection crystallization with cryogenic purified water; With distilled water recrystallization operation 2~3 times, cold drying makes the astragaloside of content more than 99% to moisture below 6%.
6. vacuum concentration: upper prop liquid and water elution liquid are merged, microfiltration clarification, nanofiltration be concentrated into the medical material ratio be 2: 1~1: 1, vacuum concentration is to solid content 20~40%.
The substep precipitate with ethanol:
7.1 first step precipitate with ethanol: in vacuum concentration liquid, add ethanol while stirring, make to contain alcohol amount 30~40%, leave standstill more than 12 hours, centrifugal, collect supernatant, the microfiltration filtering.
7.2 the second step precipitate with ethanol: with the microfiltration clear liquid of first step precipitate with ethanol through nanofiltration be concentrated into the medical material ratio be 0.5: 1~1: 1, the collection membrane concentrated solution adds ethanol in concentrated solution, make to contain alcohol amount 65~75%, leaves standstill more than 18 hours collecting precipitation.
7.3 with washing with alcohol 1~3 time, ethanol content is not less than 90% to the cleaning mixture with the precipitation of the second step precipitate with ethanol, centrifugal collecting precipitation, cold drying is ground into fine powder to moisture below 6%, Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides.
8. ion exchange column is refining: Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides is dissolved with 5~20 times of distilled waters, the microfiltration filtering, last cation-anion-exchange resin column, acetate buffer solution is eluted to effluent and reacts with sulfuric acid-phynol method monitoring sugar-free, collect effluent and eluent, vacuum concentration is to solid content about 10%, concentrated solution adding ethanol makes and contains alcohol amount 70~90%, leaves standstill more than 8 hours, and is centrifugal, collecting precipitation, with washing with alcohol 2~3 times, centrifugal, collecting precipitation, cold drying is to moisture below 6%, the neutral yellow astragalus polysaccharides.
9. composite: as required above-mentioned astragaloside and neutral yellow astragalus polysaccharides to be carried out quantitatively compositely in 5: 1~1: 5 ratio, obtain the compositions of different size.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1. resource utilization height: in once producing, utilize with batch raw material and produce Radix Astragali saponin and astragalus polysaccharides simultaneously, especially produce astragaloside and high-purity astragalus polysaccharides.
2. low-temperature operation, high efficiency separation: basic operation is carried out under room temperature even low temperature, has effectively suppressed the color in the preparation process and has gradually changed deeply, has reduced the decolouring step of separation and purification process.
Description of drawings
Process chart: explained major technique process of the present invention, wherein the differential extraction binding film separation of low temperature is concentrated is key problem in technology of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Any additional application of the explanation invention principle that this paper enumerates all relates to the technology of association area and to the ownership of these open materials, all is considered as included in the scope of claim involved in the present invention.
Ultimate principle for a better understanding of the present invention, we will be specifically addressed principle of the present invention by following examples.Following description, can make the present technique field other people under various situation, use the present invention, deacclimatize the different application of expection with various correction.
During implementation step 1, the Milkvetch Root of selecting for use can be that dry product also can be fresh; The purpose of cutting is convenient the pulverizing; Pulverizing is in order to improve the extraction efficiency under the cryogenic conditions.
During implementation step 2, the condition that pressure reduction extracts is control pressure reduction 0.1~15MPa, and below the temperature room temperature, the best is 20~25 ℃.When sulfuric acid-phynol method is measured, earlier extracting solution is filtered through 0.45 μ m microporous filter membrane.
During implementation step 3, generally be to adopt the tangential flow filtration mode, filter material can be selected inorganic ceramic film, polysulfone membrane or PVDF membrane etc. for use, and below the filtering accuracy 800nm, the best is selected 200~500nm.
During implementation step 4, the membrance concentration temperature is controlled below 25 ℃, and the best is 20~25 ℃; Concentrating degree is generally 50~300% of medical material amount, is preferably 80~120%.
During implementation step 5, the adsorption column filler can select macroporous resin, polydextran gel resin, silica gel, active carbon.Generally select macroporous resin for use, preferred AB-8 macroporous resin.The aqueous solution of the eluting optional ammonia of alkali liquor, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate etc., concentration is generally 0.1%~5%, and the best is 0.5% sodium hydrate aqueous solution.Cryogenic water elution, recrystallization are the keys that the present invention prepares high-purity astragaloside, and water temperature is controlled general 0~10 ℃, preferably 4~6 ℃.The method of cold drying can be selected vacuum drying, lyophilization for use.
During implementation step 6, vacuum concentration adopts the heating evaporation under the vacuum condition to concentrate mode, and vacuum degree control is more than 0.09MPa, and feed temperature is controlled below 55 ℃.
During implementation step 7, precipitate with ethanol, is preferably in more than 90% more than 85% with the alcoholic acid alcohol amount that contains; Washing precipitation is not less than 95% with ethanol content.First step precipitate with ethanol is the key that the present invention prepares the high-purity water soluble polysaccharide, contains alcohol amount 30~40% during precipitate with ethanol, is preferably 33~38% and through the microfiltration filtering, microfiltration precision 100~800nm, and the best is 200nm; The alcohol amount 60~80% that contains of the second step precipitate with ethanol is preferably 68~72%.
During implementation step 8, the optional styrene strongly acidic cation-exchange of sun-anion exchange resin, quaternary ammonium type strong basic type anion-exchange resin or connect agarose gel of ion exchange group etc.Exsiccant method can be selected vacuum drying, lyophilization for use.
During implementation step 9, composite can carrying out under solid-state also can carry out under liquid state.Liquid composite compositions is generally used for injection, promptly adopts a certain amount of medicinal solvent such as ethanol, water for injection etc., respectively with astragaloside, the dissolving of neutral yellow astragalus polysaccharides, after measuring content, be mixed in proportion, behind the filtering with microporous membrane of precision 0.1 μ m, drying gets final product after filtration.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, and the equipment of selecting for use among the embodiment, process conditions only are representational, but not limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment one:
Raw material: Milkvetch Root 70kg.
Capital equipment: medicine cutter, pulverizer, differential extractor, inorganic membrane filtration device, nanofiltration concentrator, reverse osmosis concentration device, thin film evaporation concentrator, vacuum desiccator.
Preparation process:
1. medical material pretreatment: after Milkvetch Root is cleaned, be cut into the grain of 2~3mm, be ground into 20 order coarse powder through medicine cutter.
2. extract: get 1000 kilograms of room temperature purified water and radix astragali coarse powder mix homogeneously, through pressure reduction extraction continuously.
3. microfiltration: collect extracting solution, clarify through 500nm inorganic ceramic membrane filtration.
4. concentrate: the microfiltration clear liquor is concentrated into solid content 16.6% through 100~200KDa NF membrane, collects concentrated solution, about 100kg.
4. post separates: with the flow velocity of the 20L/h AB-8 macroporous resin absorption resin column by prepackage 10L, it is colourless and through the reaction of sulfuric acid-phynol method monitoring sugar-free to be eluted to eluent with purified water with membrance concentration liquid; Collect upper prop effluent and eluent 180L, standby; Resin column takes off to eluent colourless with 0.5% aqueous sodium hydroxide washes, continuing is eluted to eluent neutrality with purified water, and reuse 30% ethanol elution is colourless to eluent, use 80% ethanol elution of 35L at last, collect eluent, 0.22 μ m microporous filter membrane filters, collect filtrate, 45 ℃~50 ℃ vacuum reclaim ethanol to not having alcohol flavor, concentrated solution 4.5L, put cold, to 4 ℃ of refrigerators, left standstill 18 hours centrifugal collecting precipitation, about 150g, add 4 ℃ of distilled water 1.5L, 80 ℃ of insulated and stirred 30 minutes, filtering is got filtrate and is put coldly, leaves standstill 12 hours to 4 ℃ of refrigerators, centrifugal collecting precipitation, about 90g adds 4 ℃ of distilled water washings 2 times, each 200mL, centrifugal collecting precipitation, about 83g, 45 ℃ of vacuum dryings, porphyrize, get pure white astragaloside 48g, HPLC-ELSD measures content 99.2%.
5. precipitate with ethanol: through the clarification of 500nm inorganic ceramic membrane filtration, nanofiltration is concentrated into 30L with upper prop effluent and eluent 180L, adds ethanol while stirring and makes and contain alcohol amount 38%, leaves standstill 12 hours; Centrifugal, extracting centrifugal liquid is through the extremely clarification of 500nm inorganic ceramic membrane microfiltration; Microfiltration clear liquid 74kg adds ethanol while stirring and makes the alcohol amount of containing 75%, leaves standstill 18 hours; Centrifugal, collecting precipitation, about 2.5Kg; Add washing with alcohol 3 times, each 2.5L, collecting precipitation, 45 ℃ of vacuum dryings, porphyrize gets yellow-white Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides 680g, and sulfuric acid-phynol method is measured polyoses content 89.6%, moisture 5.8%.
6. Radix Astragali crude polysaccharides is dissolved with the 10L distilled water, the filtering of G4 glass filter, pretreated 1 * 7 cation exchange resin of the 2L that flows through respectively and 201 * 7 anion exchange resin, distilled water is eluted to eluent with the reaction of sulfuric acid-phynol method monitoring sugar-free, collects upper prop effluent and the about 25L of eluent, the filtering of G4 glass filter, vacuum concentration is to about 5L, put coldly, add ethanol while stirring and make the alcohol amount of containing 80%, left standstill 18 hours; Centrifugal, collecting precipitation, about 500g; Add absolute ethanol washing 3 times, each 500mL, collecting precipitation, 45 ℃ of vacuum dryings, porphyrize gets pure white neutral yellow astragalus polysaccharides 108g, and sulfuric acid-phynol method is measured polyoses content 99.6%, and the HPLC-ELSD gel method is measured weight average molecular weight 220KDa.
7. accurately take by weighing astragaloside 20g, neutral yellow astragalus polysaccharides 40g, mix, get 1: 2 the astragaloside and the compositions 60g of neutral polysaccharide.Through HPLC-ELSD method and sulfuric acid-phynol method check, the content of astragaloside and polysaccharide is respectively 332mg/g and 669mg/g.
Below for example understand application of the present invention, under the prerequisite of aim of the present invention and scope, some ins and outs may some modification, and the additional claims in back will be contained some modifications.These modifications may be for example equipment, technical conditions, implementation step etc.