CN101903623B - 用于排气净化装置的热能保持设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于结合在内燃机的排气管路(3)内的排气净化装置的热能保持设备(1),所述净化装置具有使来自内燃机的排气可经其流入的入口(4)和使被处理的排气可经其流出的出口(5);所述设备包括位于净化装置上游的可缩回的上游热能保持装置和位于净化装置下游的可缩回的下游热能保持装置,和用于控制所述上游热能保持装置和所述下游热能保持装置的分别相对于净化装置的入口(4)和出口(5)的位置的致动装置,上游热能保持装置和下游热能保持装置能够在(i)发动机运行位置和(ii)热能保存位置之间移动,在所述发动机运行位置中上游热能保持装置和下游热能保持装置处于至少部分地缩回的位置且允许排气流入和流出消除污染装置,而在所述热能保存位置中上游热能保持装置和下游热能保持装置中的至少一个相应关闭净化装置的入口和出口。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于排气净化装置的热能保持设备(thermal energycontaining arrangement)。
背景技术
环境法规要求任何由内燃机驱动的车辆将排气进行处理以降低排放物的毒性水平。为此目的,车辆装配有后处理设备,例如催化转换器和用于柴油机的柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)。
催化转换器是能够处于排气管路上的排气净化装置。在催化转换器中发生氧化/还原反应,所述反应将不希望的碳氢化合物(HC)和/或一氧化碳(CO)和/或氮氧化物(NOX)排放物还原。
为有效地运行,催化转换器必须在高温度范围内运行,所述范围可在200℃/400℃的区域内,因为污染物的催化转换需要热能。此温度范围是有效的氧化/还原反应的必要条件。此温度范围仅在发动机已运行一定量的时间后才实现;在此量的时间之后,发动机达到其运行温度,其中排气在允许催化转换器的有效运行的高温下排放。
柴油微粒过滤器将处于排气内的未燃烧的微粒再生。污染性微粒被收集到过滤器内,且因此不排出到大气中。在已知作为过滤器再生的过程中,当过滤器负荷达到预定水平时,累积的微粒被燃烧。为过滤器再生运行,过滤器可加热到导致微粒在500℃/600℃的高温度范围内燃烧的温度。在此同样,当发动机不在足够高的温度下运行时,过滤器再生可能不完全或可能要求另外的热能。
显见,热能是排气的有效净化处理的关键参数。
如上所述,应考虑到城市驾驶情况通常涉及多个短行程。短行程可能不允许发动机达到足够高以有效地运行发动机排气净化装置的温度。
此外,应考虑所谓的混合动力车辆的情况;此类型的车辆将内燃机和由可充电电池驱动的一个或多个电动马达组合。在混合动力车辆的正常运行模式中,内燃机可在车辆惯性滑行、制动或停止时(例如,当车辆在交通信号灯处或在交通堵塞中怠速时)关闭,且当需要驱动时发动机可再启动。虽然此类型的车辆对于环境的影响比常规车辆更有利,但发动机关闭和开启的时间量可能对于将内燃机排出的排气进行清洁的去污染设备的有效运行是有害的,因为将无法达到高的排气温度。
因此,可见排气净化装置领域内存在改进的空间。
发明内容
在此技术上下文中,本发明的目的是提供用于排气净化装置的设备,所述设备能够提供对于由内燃机生成的热能的更好的使用。
此目的和其他目的通过用于结合在内燃机的排气管路内的排气净化装置的热能保持设备实现,所述净化装置包括使来自内燃机的排气可经其流入的入口和使被处理的排气可经其流出的出口。根据本发明,所述设备包括位于净化装置上游的可缩回的上游热能保持装置和位于净化装置下游的可缩回的下游热能保持装置,和用于控制所述上游热能保持装置和所述下游热能保持装置的分别相对于净化装置的入口和出口的位置的致动装置,上游热能保持装置和下游热能保持装置在(i)发动机运行位置和(ii)热能保存位置之间可移动,在所述发动机运行位置中上游热能保持装置和下游热能保持装置处于至少部分地缩回的位置且允许排气流入和流出消除污染装置,且在所述热能保存位置中上游热能保持装置和下游热能保持装置中的至少一个相应关闭净化装置的入口和出口。
因此,本发明提供了一种使得可部分地或完全地使排气净化装置隔热的设备。因此,根据本发明的设备使得在内燃机关闭时可维持当内燃机曾运行时已储存在净化装置内的热能。与其中只要发动机关闭则储存在净化装置内的热能开始散失的常规排气管路不同,本发明的设备使得可维持净化装置的温度。以此方式,一旦发动机再启动,净化装置便可立即恢复运行,因为净化装置处于允许有效的净化处理的温度水平下。
如果根据本发明的设备导致对于由内燃机驱动的任何车辆的明显优点,可指出的是根据本发明的设备可成功地实施在混合动力车辆上。混合动力车辆的正常运行模式,特别地在城市驾驶情况中的正常运行模式涉及重复的循环,在所述循环中只要内燃机不需要时或只要电动马达足以驱动车辆时则内燃机停止。
由于根据本发明的设备,当内燃机恢复运行时,在内燃机运行期间生成的排气排放可更优选地被处理,因为净化装置已将先前储存的热能的部分或全部保存。
在本发明的实施例中,上游热能保持装置和下游热能保持装置中的一个可包括圆形框架,所述框架支承以可变光圈方式布置的一系列可旋转叶片,所述可旋转叶片可至少部分地关闭净化装置的入口和出口。支承可旋转叶片的框架可有利地接合在入口或出口的一个内。在此实施例中,热能保持装置可完全地集成在净化装置的入口和出口内而不干扰排气流。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,上游热能保持装置和下游热能保持装置中的一个包括旋转板,所述旋转板具有一系列直径递增的孔和其表面至少等于排气净化装置的截面的至少一个实心扇形件,所述旋转板角向定位在(i)发动机运行位置和(ii)热能保存位置之间,在所述发动机运行位置中所述孔中的一个与入口或出口中的一个重合,且在所述热能保存位置中所述至少一个实心扇形件覆盖净化装置的入口或出口中的一个。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,热能保持装置可具有百叶窗形状;在此实施例中,上游热能保持装置和下游热能保持装置中的一个可包括其表面至少等于排气净化装置的截面的实心板;实心板能够在(i)发动机运行位置和(ii)热能保存位置之间横向地移动,在所述发动机运行位置中实心板处于缩回位置且至少部分地将入口或出口的一个打开,且在所述热能保存位置中实心板覆盖净化装置的入口或出口中的一个。
为在设备处于热保存模式时提供大体上的绝热,热能保持装置可包括涂敷以陶瓷层或任何其他类型的耐高温(直至800℃)且具有有效的绝热特性的材料的金属芯。
取决于车辆类型,排气净化装置能够是催化转换器或柴油微粒过滤器。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的设备的纵向截面,
图2示出了装配在净化装置的每端处的热能保持装置的实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出了例如能够作为位于内燃机(未示出)的排气管路3上的催化转换器2的净化装置。催化转换器2具有(i)使未处理的排气可通过其流入的入口4和(ii)使被处理的排气可通过其释放到大气的出口5。
以本质上已知的方式,催化转换器2降低由内燃机排放的排气的毒性。
如上所述,催化转换器2必须在高温下运行,使得氧化/还原反应能够有效地降低不希望的污染物排放。
因此,本发明提供了设备1,所述设备1实际上能够保持储存在催化转换器2内的热能。
设备1包括位于催化转换器2的每端处的热保持装置。换言之,入口4和出口5都涉及根据本发明的设备1。
图2示出了热保持装置的另一个实施例。在本发明的此实施例中,圆形框架8可设置在催化转换器2的一端或两端处。圆形框架8支承以可变光圈方式布置的一系列可旋转叶片9,所述叶片9可部分地或完全关闭催化转换器入口4和出口5。
可旋转叶片9可由被陶瓷涂层覆盖的金属芯制成,以提供显著的绝热能力。
每个绝热的可旋转叶片9可通过致动装置驱动,所述致动装置可包括气动、电动或液压致动器10。例如通过车辆CAN总线,致动器10可被车辆控制器11控制,所述车辆控制器11例如包括CPU、RAM和ROM。
取决于车辆控制器在致动装置上的作用,每个热能保持可旋转叶片9可具有相对于排气流的横向运动。因此,每个热能保持可旋转叶片9可在缩回位置和热保持位置之间移动,其中所述叶片横向地覆盖催化转换器2的入口和出口,且保持能够由先前的发动机运行而储存在催化转换器2内的热能。
重要地,本发明的设备使得关闭催化转换器的两端成为可能。只要内燃机关闭则热能保持可旋转叶片9移动到热保持位置。当内燃机开启时,热能保持板9移动到缩回位置,且允许排气流进入催化转换器。
因为热能维持在催化转换器2内,所以催化转换器2可恢复运行而无通常的暖机阶段,在暖机阶段中催化转换器不能有效地运行。
另外,根据本发明,能够适应可用于处理排气的催化转换器的截面。
当发动机开始运行时,催化转换器不能立即达到允许有效地处理排气的要求的运行温度。本发明的设备使得能够限制催化转换器的入口和出口。因此,排气流可集中在催化转换器的受限制的截面上,所述截面可快速地达到要求的运行温度。当催化转换器内的温度达到要求的效率时,热保持装置然后可完全缩回。
本发明不限制于以上所述的和在附图中示出的图示的实施例,而是可以在如下的权利要求的范围内变化。热能保持装置可以是节气门、隔膜、百叶窗或任何关闭系统。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于结合在内燃机的排气管路(3)内的排气净化装置的热能保持设备(1),所述净化装置具有入口(4)和出口(5),来自内燃机的排气能够通过所述入口流入,被处理的排气能够通过所述出口流出,
其中,所述设备包括:位于所述净化装置上游的可缩回的上游热能保持装置;位于所述净化装置下游的可缩回的下游热能保持装置;以及包括用于控制所述上游热能保持装置和所述下游热能保持装置的、分别相对于所述净化装置的所述入口(4)和所述出口(5)的位置的致动装置,所述上游热能保持装置和所述下游热能保持装置能够在(i)发动机运行位置和(ii)热能保存位置之间移动,在所述发动机运行位置,所述上游热能保持装置和所述下游热能保持装置处于至少部分地缩回的位置,且允许排气流入和流出消除污染装置;在所述热能保存位置,所述上游热能保持装置和所述下游热能保持装置中的至少一个相应地关闭所述净化装置的所述入口和所述出口,
其特征在于,所述设备能够限制催化转换器的入口和出口,使得排气流能够集中在所述催化转换器的受限制的截面上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述上游热能保持装置和所述下游热能保持装置中的一个包括圆形框架(8),所述圆形框架(8)支承以可变光圈方式布置的一系列可旋转叶片(9),所述可旋转叶片(9)能够至少部分地关闭所述净化装置的所述入口和所述出口。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,支承所述可旋转叶片(9)的所述框架(8)接合在所述入口(4)或所述出口(5)中的一个内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述上游热能保持装置和所述下游热能保持装置中的一个包括旋转板,所述旋转板具有一系列直径递增的孔和至少一个实心扇形件,所述至少一个实心扇形件的表面至少等于所述排气净化装置的截面,所述旋转板可角转动地定位在(i)发动机运行位置和(ii)热能保存位置之间,在所述发动机运行位置,所述孔中的一个与所述入口或所述出口中的一个相重合,在所述热能保存位置;所述至少一个实心扇形件覆盖所述净化装置的所述入口或所述出口中的一个。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述上游热能保持装置和所述下游热能保持装置中的一个包括其表面至少等于所述排气净化装置的截面的实心板,所述实心板能够在(i)发动机运行位置和(ii)热能保存位置之间横向地移动,在所述发动机运行位置,所述实心板处于缩回位置且至少部分地打开所述入口或所述出口中的一个;在所述热能保存位置,所述实心板覆盖所述净化装置的所述入口或所述出口的一个。
6.根据权利要求1至5中一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述热能保持装置由涂敷有陶瓷层的金属芯制成。
7.根据权利要求1至5中一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述排气净化装置包括催化转换器。
8.根据权利要求1至5中一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述排气净化装置包括柴油微粒过滤器。
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PCT/IB2007/004441 WO2009081231A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2007-12-21 | Thermal energy containing arrangement for an exhaust gas purification device |
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EP (1) | EP2235335B1 (zh) |
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DE102013204401B4 (de) * | 2013-03-13 | 2016-06-30 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | System zur Abgasnachbehandlung, Verfahren und Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102013204405A1 (de) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-18 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | System zur Abgasnachbehandlung für eine Brennkraftmaschine, Verfahren zur Beeinflussung einer Abgas-Zusammensetzung und Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102014209952B4 (de) * | 2013-06-17 | 2018-07-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung, sowie Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung |
DE102015102301A1 (de) * | 2015-02-18 | 2016-08-18 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung |
WO2016197135A1 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2016-12-08 | Mtd Products Inc | Blower with intake closure |
US10668900B2 (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2020-06-02 | Washme Properties, Llc | Mechanism for selectively opening/closing a vehicle wash component inlet opening |
US11326490B2 (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2022-05-10 | Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc | Variable restriction valve for vehicle exhaust system |
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- 2007-12-21 US US12/747,908 patent/US20110146250A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20110146250A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
CN101903623A (zh) | 2010-12-01 |
EP2235335A1 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
EP2235335B1 (en) | 2011-09-21 |
WO2009081231A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
ATE525554T1 (de) | 2011-10-15 |
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