CN101901893B - Aluminum alloy anode material for battery and method for producing same - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy anode material for battery and method for producing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN101901893B CN101901893B CN201010247337.4A CN201010247337A CN101901893B CN 101901893 B CN101901893 B CN 101901893B CN 201010247337 A CN201010247337 A CN 201010247337A CN 101901893 B CN101901893 B CN 101901893B
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Abstract
The invention provides an aluminum alloy anode material for a battery and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of alloy materials. The method solves the problem that the electrochemical performance of the existing aluminum alloy anode material for the battery is not ideal. The aluminum alloy anode material for the battery comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 0.5-2.0%; ga: 0.005-0.5%; bi: 0.005-1.0%; sn: 0.005% -1.0%; in: 0.005-0.2%; ca: 0.005-0.05%; the balance being Al. The aluminum alloy anode material for the battery has the advantages of high electrochemical performance and low self-corrosion rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the battery anode material, relate in particular to aluminum alloy anode material for battery and manufacture method thereof, belong to technical field of alloy material.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy has its unique advantage as the anode material of battery: (1) electrochemical equivalent is high.The electrochemical equivalent of aluminium is 2980Ah/kg, is the highest metal of quality specific energy except lithium; (2) electrode potential is more negative, and its standard electrode potential is-2.35V, and antianode material, current potential are more negative better, and the current potential of aluminium is defeated by zinc, thereby larger power can be provided; (3) aboundresources of aluminium is cheap; (4) scope of application is extensive, for battery, can be made into alkalescence, neutrality and organic battery.Therefore, aluminium is a kind of good galvanic anode active material.
As the aluminium alloy of battery anode material, must have the performance requirement of two broad aspect: (1) has good chemical property; (2) has good decay resistance.But because fine aluminium is a kind of more active amphoteric metal material, larger from corrosion rate in alkaline solution, and produce a large amount of hydrogen, especially its stable potential is lower under the high current density condition of work, make battery can not give full play to the advantage of high capacity power source, hindered the application of aluminum alloy anode material.The approach that improves the aluminum alloy anode performance mainly contains two kinds: the first is added trace element in rafifinal, improve the electro-chemical activity of aluminium anodes, reduce aluminium anodes in medium from corrosion rate, improve the utilance of electrode; It two is to add all kinds of corrosion inhibiter in the electrolyte, reduces anode polarization, improves electrode potential.
Existing test is verified, when adding one or more alloying elements in the aluminium, even amount seldom, the chemical property of fine aluminium is had greatly changed.Count by weight percentage, the alloying element of interpolation only has a few percent or even the some thousandths of of aluminium, just can improve significantly its chemical property, its current potential is born move on to-more than the 1.0V.For making the aluminium can be as a kind of electrode material of practicality, U.S. power technology research company be thought, requires the aluminum alloy anode open circuit to be lower than 0.25mg/cm from corrosion in alkaline medium
2Min, or corrosion current density is lower than 10mA/cm
2, can be at 100-600mA/cm
2Current density range in steady operation.
The binary, ternary, quaternary or the quinary alloy that contain the elements such as magnesium, calcium, zinc, gallium, indium, thallium, tin, lead, mercury that existing aluminum alloy battery anode material is made by the method for adding a small amount of alloying element.Have Al-Ca system, Al-Ga-Mg system, Al-In-Mg system and the Al-Ga-Bi-Pb of the aluminum alloy anode material better performances that works out up to now, are associated gold.Chinese patent application (publication number: C N101388475A) relate to aluminum alloy anode material for battery, take the aluminium of purity 〉=99.99% as raw material, add element magnesium (Mg), tin (Sn), gallium (Ga) and bismuth (Bi), add element mass percent be: Mg:0.5～1.5%; Bi:0.01～0.2%; Sn:Q 01～0.4%; Ga:0.01～0.3%; Impurity mass content≤0.01%.Although this aluminum alloy anode material for battery can effectively activate the aluminium electrode and strengthen its corrosion resistance.But still there is undesirable factor in it at aspect of performances such as Open Circuit Potential, operating potential, actual capacitance, current efficiency and surface dissolution situations.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the existing defective of existing aluminum alloy anode material for battery, a kind of seven yuan of aluminum alloy anode material for battery are provided, and no matter this aluminum alloy anode material all has the good electric chemical property under the heavy-current discharge condition or under the low discharging current condition.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following technical proposal: a kind of aluminum alloy anode material for battery, and the composition of this aluminum alloy anode material and mass percent thereof are:
Mg：0.5～2.0％；Ga：0.005～0.5％；B?i：0.005-1.0％；
Sn：0.005％～1.0％；In：0.005～0.2％；Ca：0.005～0.05％；
Surplus is Al.
The present invention adopts seven kinds of alloying elements to carry out compatibility, wherein alloying element Mg helps to carry heavy alloyed corrosion resistance, alloying element Ga is on the impact of aluminum alloy anode material, be mainly manifested in the anisotropy that change fine aluminium crystal grain exists in course of dissolution, thereby make the aluminum alloy anode material corrosion evenly.Alloying element Ga and other alloying element form eutectic mixture under the electrode working temperature, destroy the aluminium surface passivated membrane, aluminum alloy anode material is produced activation, but Ga content surpasses 0.5%, and it is negative that the current potential of aluminum alloy anode material becomes, and will obviously reduce current efficiency.Bismuth additions can form the eutectic mixture with other alloying element, destroys the passivating film on aluminium surface.But the content of Bi surpasses 1.0%, and this alloying element is easily separated out accumulation at grain boundaries, accelerates the certainly corrosion of aluminum alloy anode material.Alloying element Sn can reduce aluminium surface passivation film resistance, makes the aluminium surface passivated membrane produce hole, and alloying element Sn has higher hydrogen overpotential, can effectively suppress the liberation of hydrogen corrosion, and can form eutectic mixture with other alloying element, destroys the aluminium surface passivated membrane.Alloying element In has very strong activation, and the aluminium surface passivated membrane is had destruction; Alloying element In can also suppress the corrosion of aluminum alloy anode material liberation of hydrogen effectively.
The aluminum alloy anode material for battery that the present invention develops, added high hydrogen overpotential alloy element, changed electrode surface state, the negative electrode of high hydrogen overpotential element during as hydrogen ion discharge, increased the polarization of evolving hydrogen reaction, thereby suppressed separating out of hydrogen, improved the aluminum alloy anode utilance.
The aluminum alloy anode material for battery that the present invention develops, owing to following three reasons: 1, seven kinds of alloying element compatibilities are reasonable, wherein the low-melting alloy element is the solid solution condition disperse and is uniformly distributed in the Al crystal grain, so that the Al anode is when electrochemical reaction occurs, its surface can not generate continuous passivating film; 2, seven kinds of alloying element compatibilities are reasonable, low-melting alloy element dissolves along with the electrochemical reaction of Al anode, impel coming off of Al anodic attack product, so that new active A l anode surface is continuous and electrolyte reacts, weakened the polarization of Al anode resistance and electrochemical polarization; 3, seven kinds of alloying element compatibilities are reasonable, and low melting point, high hydrogen overpotential alloy element that dissolving comes off are deposited on the aluminum alloy anode surface again, thereby all the time so that aluminum alloy anode is in the high activity surface state.
In aluminum alloy anode material for battery, as preferably, the composition of this aluminum alloy anode material and mass percent thereof are: Mg:0.8～1.2%; Ga:0.05～0.3%; Bi:0.05-0.2%; Sn:0.05%～0.5%; In:0.01～0.1%; Ca:0.01～0.03%; Surplus is Al.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the manufacture method of above-mentioned aluminum alloy anode material for battery, and the method may further comprise the steps:
A, moulding by casting: aluminium ingot is added in the graphite crucible melt with resistance furnace first, treat to add when melt temperature is 650-700 ℃ metal Sn, after the melt refining, be to add other alloying element under 720-760 ℃ the condition in temperature, after melting fully, fully stirs with graphite rod metal M g, left standstill 1-5 minute, and poured into slab ingot;
B, homogenizing are processed: with slab ingot cold rolling finished product that obtains behind homogenizing annealing of above-mentioned moulding by casting.
The present invention is not only by reasonable to seven kinds of alloying element compatibilities, and definite melting, processing and heat treated optimised process, thereby develop at seven yuan of aluminum alloy anode material for battery that all have the good electric chemical property under the heavy-current discharge condition and under the low discharging current condition.
In the manufacture method of above-mentioned aluminum alloy anode material for battery, as preferably, add the carbon trichloride slagging-off in the steps A, pass into the argon gas degasification, ar pressure is 0.05-0.2MPa, and duration of ventilation is 3-5 minute, and further preferred, ar pressure is 0.1MPa.
Various villaumites are pressed in the aluminum alloy melt, itself and aluminum alloy melt are reacted, generate AlCl
3With the escaping gas such as HC l, thus absorption hydrogen and oxide inclusion floating and the purpose that reaches degasification and remove slag.At present, villaumite commonly used has ZnCl
2, MnCl
2, C
2Cl
6Deng.
Adopt dehydration ZnCl
2The advantage of refining is low price, and refining effect is better.But its weak point is will consume part aluminium in refining process, and produces corrosive gas HCl, can pollute environment.In addition, a small amount of Zn that zinc chloride adds the generation of aluminum alloy melt afterreaction can remain in the aluminium alloy, therefore generally do not adopt this method to containing the strict alloy of Zn amount control.
The cost ratio zinc chloride of manganese chloride is higher, but the water absorption of manganese chloride is less than zinc chloride, and dehydration and preservation are all very convenient.In addition, after manganese chloride was pressed into aluminium alloy, gasification and evaporation rate were slower, thereby generated AlCl
3The speed of bubble is slow, and its bubble diameter is less, so refining effect is than ZnCl
2Good.Simultaneously, it is intensified elements that a small amount of Mn that reaction generates stays in the aluminium alloy most aluminium alloys, so the use of manganese chloride purifying method in actual industrial production is also more general.But use MnCl
2Refining exists and ZnCl
2Identical shortcoming all can generate the HCl corrosive gas.In addition, the Mn that reaction generates remains in the aluminium alloy, may have adverse effect to some alloy.
After joining in the molten aluminium alloy, carbon trichloride can react the AlCl that reaction generates
3And C
2Cl
4All be insoluble to aluminum alloy melt, can both play the refining effect, its refining effect is good.In addition, C
2Cl
6Nonhygroscopic, do not need to carry out processed, and preserve and use all very convenient.In sum, select C
2Cl
6Carry out refining.
The gaseous state refining agent has inert gas (N
2, Ar etc.) and active gases Cl
2Two large classes.By in aluminum alloy melt, be blown into not only be insoluble to aluminum alloy melt but also not with the aitiogenic inert gas (N of hydrogen
2Or Ar etc.), obtain the no hydrogen bubble.Because these minute bubbles in floating-upward process, can adsorb Al on the one hand
2O
3Deng field trash, on the other hand also can be by the pressure differential between nitrogen or argon gas bubbles and aluminium alloy contact interface, the hydrogen that will be dissolved in the aluminium alloy sucks in the bubble.After the bubble floating that has adsorbed field trash or hydrogen is excluded to liquid level, can reach the purpose of degassing and removing the gred.But nitrogen can generate a large amount of alumina inclusions with reactive aluminum in the time of 725～730 ℃, easily reacts the generation magnesium nitride with magnesium and is mingled with.
Although active gases chlorine is insoluble to aluminum alloy melt, strong chemical reaction, the HCl that is insoluble to aluminum alloy melt and the AlCl of generation occur in energy and aluminium and the hydrogen that is dissolved in the aluminum alloy melt
3Gas and participate in the Cl of reaction
2The three can both play absorption hydrogen and oxide inclusion, so its refining clean-up effect is than using pure gas Ar or N
2Much better.Although the effect of logical chlorine refining is better, complete equipment more complicated, and chlorine is toxic, harmful and equipment, environment had corrosiveness, the present invention uses Ar to carry out refining.
In the manufacture method of above-mentioned aluminum alloy anode material for battery, as preferably, the temperature that adds metal Sn in the steps A is 660-680 ℃; The temperature of adding other alloying element except metal Sn is 730-740 ℃.
In the manufacture method of above-mentioned aluminum alloy anode material for battery, as preferably, the temperature of homogenizing annealing is 530-560 ℃ among the step B, and temperature retention time is 1-3 hour; Temperature when cold rolling is 180-250 ℃, and aluminium alloy flat bloom is cold-rolled to the thick aluminum alloy anode material of 0.4-0.6mm.
Aluminum alloy anode material finished product by manufacture method manufacturing of the present invention can be used for a kind of in aluminium-air cell anode sheet material, aluminium-seawater battery anode sheet material, aluminium-manganese dioxide battery anode sheet material, aluminium-silver oxide cell anode sheet material, the aluminium-hydrogen peroxide galvanic anode sheet material in addition.
In sum, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention adopts seven yuan of alloying elements to carry out compatibility, and compatibility is reasonable, and alloying element mainly is present in the matrix with the solid solution form; Chemical property is high, and its Open Circuit Potential can reach-1.75V (V.S.Hg/Hg
2Cl
2) more than.
2, aluminum alloy anode material of the present invention is little from corrosion rate, and along with the increase of current density, liberation of hydrogen speed increases slow, all has the enclosed pasture efficient more than 90% in little electric current and heavy-current discharge situation.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail; But the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Table 1: the mass percent (wt%) of embodiment 1-4 aluminum alloy anode material composition
Wherein the purity of aluminium is 99.995%.
Embodiment 1
Composition according to 1 mass percent of embodiment in the table 1 is prepared burden, first aluminium ingot is added in the graphite crucible and melt with resistance furnace, treat to add when melt temperature is 660 ℃ metal Sn, after the melt refining, be to add other alloying element under 730 ℃ the condition in temperature, after melting fully, fully stirs with graphite rod metal M g, add the carbon trichloride slagging-off, pass into the argon gas degasification, ar pressure is 0.1MPa, and duration of ventilation is 3-5 minute.After the degasification slagging-off, left standstill 1-5 minute, pour into slab ingot.
Be 550 ℃ of homogenizing annealing 120min with the slab ingot of above-mentioned moulding by casting in temperature, water-cooled, milling behind the face in temperature is 200 ℃, and aluminium alloy flat bloom is cold-rolled to the thick aluminum alloy anode material finished product of 0.5mm.
Embodiment 2
Composition according to 2 mass percents of embodiment in the table 1 is prepared burden, first aluminium ingot is added in the graphite crucible and melt with resistance furnace, treat to add when melt temperature is 680 ℃ metal Sn, after the melt refining, be to add other alloying element under 750 ℃ the condition in temperature, after melting fully, fully stirs with graphite rod metal M g, add the carbon trichloride slagging-off, pass into the argon gas degasification, ar pressure is 0.05MPa, and duration of ventilation is 3-5 minute.After the degasification slagging-off, left standstill 1-5 minute, pour into slab ingot.
Be 560 ℃ of homogenizing annealing 60min with the slab ingot of above-mentioned moulding by casting in temperature, water-cooled, milling behind the face in temperature is 180 ℃, and aluminium alloy flat bloom is cold-rolled to the thick aluminum alloy anode material finished product of 0.6mm.
Embodiment 3
Composition according to 3 mass percents of embodiment in the table 1 is prepared burden, first aluminium ingot is added in the graphite crucible and melt with resistance furnace, treat to add when melt temperature is 670 ℃ metal Sn, after the melt refining, be to add other alloying element under 740 ℃ the condition in temperature, after melting fully, fully stirs with graphite rod metal M g, add the carbon trichloride slagging-off, pass into the argon gas degasification, ar pressure is 0.2MPa, and duration of ventilation is 3-5 minute.After the degasification slagging-off, left standstill 1-5 minute, pour into slab ingot.
Be 530 ℃ of homogenizing annealing 180min with the slab ingot of above-mentioned moulding by casting in temperature, water-cooled, milling behind the face in temperature is 220 ℃, and aluminium alloy flat bloom is cold-rolled to the thick aluminum alloy anode material finished product of 0.4mm.
Embodiment 4
Composition according to 4 mass percents of embodiment in the table 1 is prepared burden, and other technological process repeats no more with embodiment 1.
The chemical property of the aluminum alloy anode material for battery that the present invention makes is as shown in table 2 below.Be prepared into the Al/AgO cell, in the 3.5%NaCl+25%NaOH medium, when discharging with 20mA cm-2, the cell burning voltage is 1.78V; When discharging with 100mAcm-2, the cell burning voltage is 1.70V; When with the 750mAcm-2 high current density discharge, the cell burning voltage is 1.64V.
The chemical property of table 2, aluminum alloy anode material for battery
Specific embodiment described in the present invention only is to the explanation for example of the present invention's spirit.Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or replenish or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the defined scope of appended claims.
Although the present invention has been made a detailed description and has quoted as proof some specific embodiments, to those skilled in the art, only otherwise it is obvious leaving that the spirit and scope of the present invention can make various changes or revise.
Claims (9)
1. aluminum alloy anode material for battery, the composition of this aluminum alloy anode material and mass percent thereof are:
Mg：0.5～2.0％；Ga：0.005～0.5％；B?i：0.005-1.0％；
Sn：0.005％～1.0％；In：0.005～0.2％；Ca：0.005～0.05％；
Surplus is Al.
2. aluminum alloy anode material for battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the composition of this aluminum alloy anode material and mass percent thereof are:
Mg：0.8～1.2％；Ga：0.05～0.3％；Bi：0.05-0.2％；
Sn：0.05％～0.5％；In：0.01～0.1％；Ca：0.01～0.03％；
Surplus is Al.
3. the manufacture method of an aluminum alloy anode material for battery as claimed in claim 1, the method may further comprise the steps:
A, moulding by casting: aluminium ingot is added in the graphite crucible melt with resistance furnace first, treat to add when melt temperature is 650-700 ℃ metal Sn, after the melt refining, be to add other alloying element under 720-760 ℃ the condition in temperature, after melting fully, fully stirs with graphite rod metal M g, left standstill 1-5 minute, and poured into slab ingot;
B, homogenizing are processed: with slab ingot cold rolling finished product that obtains behind homogenizing annealing of above-mentioned moulding by casting.
4. the manufacture method of aluminum alloy anode material for battery according to claim 3 is characterized in that: add the carbon trichloride slagging-off in the steps A, pass into the argon gas degasification, ar pressure is 0.05-0.2MPa, and duration of ventilation is 3-5 minute.
5. it is characterized in that according to claim 3 or the manufacture method of 4 described aluminum alloy anode material for battery: the temperature that adds metal Sn in the steps A is 660-680 ℃.
6. it is characterized in that according to claim 3 or the manufacture method of 4 described aluminum alloy anode material for battery: add in the steps A that the temperature of other alloying element is 730-740 ℃ except metal Sn.
7. the manufacture method of aluminum alloy anode material for battery according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the temperature of homogenizing annealing is 530-560 ℃ among the step B, temperature retention time is 1-3 hour.
8. according to claim 3 or the manufacture method of 7 described aluminum alloy anode material for battery, it is characterized in that: the temperature when cold rolling among the step B is 180-250 ℃, and aluminium alloy flat bloom is cold-rolled to the thick aluminum alloy anode material of 0.4-0.6mm.
9. the manufacture method of aluminum alloy anode material for battery according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the aluminum alloy anode material finished product of making among the step B is used for a kind of of aluminium-air cell anode sheet material, aluminium-seawater battery anode sheet material, aluminium-manganese dioxide battery anode sheet material, aluminium-silver oxide cell anode sheet material, aluminium-hydrogen peroxide galvanic anode sheet material.
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| CN106756665A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 云南冶金集团创能铝空气电池股份有限公司 | Aluminium alloy, preparation method and purposes |
| CN108400282B (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2021-06-04 | 苏州讴德新能源发展有限公司 | Anode of aluminum alloy seawater battery and preparation method |
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| CN109321766B (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2021-02-05 | 昆明理工大学 | Aluminum-air battery anode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109295350B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2020-08-25 | 东北大学 | Anode material for seawater aluminum-air battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN110190289A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-08-30 | 吉林大学 | Aluminium-air cell Al-Ga-In-Sn-Bi anode material and its preparation method and application |
| CN112646999A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2021-04-13 | 昭和电工株式会社 | Rolled aluminum material for high-voltage electrolytic capacitor anode and method for producing same |
| CN111560542A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-21 | 东北大学 | Calcium-containing aluminum alloy anode material for alkaline aluminum-air battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN113584351B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-06-24 | 昆明理工大学 | Rare earth-free aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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| EP0209402A1 (en) * | 1985-05-30 | 1987-01-21 | Alcan International Limited | Aluminium anode alloy |
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Address after: 318050 Golden Road 88, Jinqing Town, Luqiao District, Taizhou, Zhejiang. Patentee after: Zhejiang Mingdao Industrial Co.,Ltd. Address before: 318050 Golden Road 88, Jinqing Town, Luqiao District, Taizhou, Zhejiang. Patentee before: ZHEJIANG JUKE INDUSTRIAL Co.,Ltd. |
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