CN102820472B - Manganese-aluminum containing anode material and preparation method thereof, as well as air cell prepared by using anode material - Google Patents

Manganese-aluminum containing anode material and preparation method thereof, as well as air cell prepared by using anode material Download PDF

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CN102820472B
CN102820472B CN201210281070.XA CN201210281070A CN102820472B CN 102820472 B CN102820472 B CN 102820472B CN 201210281070 A CN201210281070 A CN 201210281070A CN 102820472 B CN102820472 B CN 102820472B
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anode material
manganese
air cell
aluminium
aluminum alloy
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CN102820472A (en
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马景灵
文九巴
翟文霞
张清
李全安
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Henan University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a manganese-aluminum containing anode material for an air cell, and a preparation method and an application of the manganese-aluminum containing anode material. The air cell comprises a manganese-aluminum containing anode, an air cathode and neutral electrolyte. The anode material comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.05 to 2.5 percent of Mg, 0.05 to 1.5 percent of Sn, 0.05 to 2.5 percent of Ga, 0.1 to 1 percent of Mn and the balance of Al, and is prepared through an inert gases protection induction smelting method. With the adoption of the manganese-aluminum containing anode material, the open-circuit voltage is negative (minus 1.6 to minus 1.8V (vs.SHE)), the anode utilization is high (larger than or equal to 94%), the self-corrosion speed is low (smaller than or equal to 0.03mg/cm<2>*h), the surface corrosion is uniform, and the manganese-aluminum containing anode material belongs to high-performance anode material for the air cell operated in a neutral solution.

Description

Manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode material and preparation method thereof and the air cell using this anode material to prepare
Technical field
The present invention relates to air cell field, particularly relating to a kind of take manganese-containing aluminum alloy as the air cell of anode material and the preparation method of anode material.
Background technology
Metal-air cell is new generation of green storage battery, and its low cost of manufacture, nontoxic, specific energy is high, raw material recoverable, superior performance.The more metal-air cell of current research has zinc-air cell, aluminum-air cell and lithium-air battery etc., only has zinc-air cell with industrialization is immediate.Due in galvanic series, aluminum ratio zinc is more active, and can obtain higher cell voltage, and an aluminium atom can release three electronics, and a zinc atom discharges two electronics, aluminium can improve the energy of battery.In addition, aluminium is can mass-produced cheap metal, therefore the research of aluminum-air cell, and open a wide prospect, its progress is very rapid, is a kind of rising air cell.
Aluminium has the advantage of its uniqueness as the anode material of air cell: (1) electrochemical equivalent is high, and the electrochemical equivalent of aluminium is 2980Ah/kg, is metal the highest except lithium; (2) electrode potential is more negative, in neutral solution, its standard electrode potential is-1.66V(vs.SHE), in alkaline solution, its standard electrode potential is-2.35V(vs.SHE), antianode material, current potential is more negative better, and battery can provide larger electromotive force; (3) aboundresources of aluminium, cheap.
At present, air cell aluminium anodes material is compared with zinc anode material, and the matter of utmost importance of existence is exactly have very strong affinity between aluminium and oxygen, thus fine aluminium very easily passivation in aqueous, surface coverage one deck stablizes fine and close Al 2o 3oxide-film, makes the current potential of fine aluminium in neutral solution be only-0.8V(vs.SHE), do not reach its theoretic electrode potential, the requirement of anode material to voltage can not be met; Another serious problems that aluminum-air cell anode material exists are, aluminium is very serious from corrosion liberation of hydrogen in neutral solution particularly alkaline solution, causes anode utilance greatly to reduce, and has voltage delay phenomenon during electric discharge.Above two problems hinders the commercial applications of aluminum-air cell.In order to eliminate the oxide-film on aluminium surface, usually adopting alloying process, adding some alloying element and aluminium is activated, effectively stop or suppress aluminium surface to form oxide-film fine and close continuously; In order to reduce aluminium from corrosion rate, generally all adopt the higher aluminium of purity (>=99.9%) and add some alloying element with high overpotential of hydrogen evolution and alloying is carried out to aluminium.
Study verified, add one or more a small amount of alloying elements in aluminium, significantly can improve the chemical property of aluminium alloy, destroying its oxide-film increases that it is active, thus makes that fine aluminium current potential is negative to be moved.The alloy element that aluminum-air cell anode material is conventional mainly contains zinc, magnesium, sows, indium, tin, lead, mercury, bismuth etc.These elements add in aluminium and form the multicomponent alloy such as ternary, quaternary.Better performances have the electrochemical behavior of Al-In-Mg(Al-In-Mg line aluminium alloy anode in NaOH solution, light-alloy process technology, 2004,10:39-42), Al-Ga-Mg(Al-Ga-Mg alloy structure and anode performance study, Chinese corrosion and protection journal, 2005,6:336-339), the electrochemical behavior of Al-Ga-Bi-Pb(Al-Ga-Bi-Pb alloy in alkaline electrolyte, power technology, 2009,5:368-370) etc. be alloy.The purity of the raw material aluminium that current aluminum-air cell uses is all more than 99.9%, and this is mainly in order to reduce the corrosion certainly of the aluminium anodes material that impurity elements of ferrum causes, but rafifinal is expensive.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode material.
In addition, the present invention also aims to the preparation method that a kind of anode material is provided.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of from corrosion rate low take manganese-containing aluminum alloy as the air cell of anode material.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is realized by following scheme: with the aluminium of purity >=99.7% (Al) for primary raw material, Addition ofelements magnesium (Mg), tin (Sn), sow (Ga) and manganese (Mn), the mass percent of institute's Addition ofelements is: Mg:0.05 ~ 2.5%; Sn:0.05 ~ 1.5%; Ga:0.05 ~ 2.5%; Mn:0.1 ~ 1%.
Adopt the air cell manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode material of technique scheme; by purity be>=99.7% aluminium based on; add Mg, Sn, Ga and Mn element of trace; object destroys the alumina protective layer of its densification; improve its chemical property and surface dissolution uniformity; and reduce it from corrosion rate, particularly in aluminium alloy, add trace manganese, manganese and iron preferentially can be combined the second-phase Al formed containing manganese and iron 6(Fe, Mn), this phase current potential is close with base aluminum current potential, can slow down the corrosion certainly of aluminium alloy, thus improve anode utilance.
The preparation method of anode material is: (1) is under inert gas shielding, aluminium ingot all melts when being 680 ~ 700 DEG C by temperature in elevated temperature vessel, then add magnesium ingot, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy, tin grain and sow grain, limit heating edge rotary container, motlten metal is mixed, continue to be heated to 750 ~ 770 DEG C, after insulation 5 ~ 7min, pour into block slab ingot; (2) by the slab ingot of cast molding in 400 ~ 550 DEG C of homogenizing annealing 4-10h, make alloying element at high temperature spread evenly; (3) slab ingot after annealing is rolling to the thick manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode material of 0.5 ~ 4mm at 150 ~ 200 DEG C.Can obtain open circuit voltage negative (-1.6 ~-1.8V (vs.SHE)), anode utilance high (>=94%), from the low (≤0.03mg/cm of corrosion rate 2h), cell is 100 ~ 300mA/cm at discharge current density 2the electromotive force of scope build-in test 120h is 1.5V ~ 1.8V, surface corrosion uniform high-performance air cell manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode material.
The material adopting such scheme to prepare is the anode of air cell, and the negative electrode of this air cell is made up of Catalytic Layer, nickel screen conducting matrix grain and waterproof ventilative layer, and wherein Catalytic Layer is γ-MnO 2, active carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene be by weight (0.5 ~ 2): (2 ~ 4): (1 ~ 3) mixes roll extrusion and makes the thick film of 0.3 ~ 0.5mm, watertight composition is that polytetrafluoroethylene and acetylene black are made the thick film of 0.3 ~ 0.5mm by weight 1:1 mixing roll extrusion, finally Catalytic Layer, nickel screen and waterproof ventilative layer is pressed into the thick air cathode of 0.3 ~ 0.5mm.Electrolyte is 1 ~ 4MNaCl.
The present invention considers from alloying aspect to improve the chemical property of aluminium anodes material and to reduce it from corrosivity: aluminium alloy, add appropriate magnesium, tin and sow, particularly adding manganese element.Impurity elements of ferrum in aluminium alloy is dissolved in aluminum substrate hardly, but with large block Fe 3the form of Al second-phase is present in aluminum substrate, and this phase current potential calibration, forms microcorrosion galvanic couple with base aluminum, and cause aluminium anodes to cause anode utilance extremely low from corrosion, it is uneven that large block iron also causes alloy surface to dissolve mutually.In aluminium alloy, add trace manganese, be because manganese and iron preferentially can be combined the second-phase Al formed containing manganese and iron 6(Fe, Mn), this phase current potential is close with base aluminum current potential, can slow down the corrosion certainly of aluminium alloy, thus improve anode utilance; Adding trace magnesium can refining aluminum alloy crystal grain, and magnesium can form Mg in the alloy 2al 3compound, dystectic Mg 2al 3compound has the effect of crystal grain thinning, makes aluminium anodes uniform dissolution.The solid solubility of sowing element and aluminium is very large, what corrosion produced sow, and ion can be reduced again because activity is low can generate sowing and depositing to aluminum alloy surface of liquid state, and generate aluminium with aluminum substrate and sow amalgam, aluminium sows the peelable oxide-film of amalgam and corrosion product, exposed base aluminum, promotes the activation discharge of aluminium alloy.Meanwhile, tin is high overpotential of hydrogen evolution element with sowing, and greatly can reduce the liberation of hydrogen of aluminium alloy from corrosion.The addition of these alloy elements is within certain scope, if addition is few, do not have due effect, if addition is large, form the second-phase that a large amount of shape is larger, do not have the effect of crystal grain thinning, increase on the contrary aluminium alloy from corrosion rate, reduce anode utilance and erosion uniformity is deteriorated.By adding appropriate magnesium, tin and sowing, particularly manganese element, to aluminium carry out alloying can significantly improve alloy anode utilance, reduce from corrosion rate, the erosion uniformity of alloy surface can also be improved.
Manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode material of the present invention is compared with existing aluminium anodes material, sum up and have the following advantages: (1) has prepared a kind of novel manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode material, electrochemical activation is fine, Open Circuit Potential≤-1.6V (vs.SCE) in neutral electrolyte, the electromotive force of cell is greater than 1.5V; (2) anode material add trace magnesium, tin, to sow and manganese element, particularly manganese element, slow down the adverse effect of impurity elements of ferrum, refinement alloy grain, improves the utilance of aluminium anodes, reduce aluminium alloy from corrosion rate; (3) anode material is by microalloying, and significantly improve the chemical property of anode and improve tissue, its anode utilance reaches more than 94%, is less than 0.03mg/cm from corrosion rate 2h; (4) purity of the raw materials used aluminium of aluflex anode material of the present invention, is loosened to general aluminium (>=99.7%) by rafifinal (>=99.9%), and the cost preparing aluminum alloy anode material is obviously reduced; (5) the aluflex anode material superior performance prepared of the present invention, surface corrosion is even.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The negative electrode of air cell is made up of Catalytic Layer, nickel screen conducting matrix grain and waterproof ventilative layer, and wherein Catalytic Layer is γ-MnO 2, active carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene make the thick film of 0.5mm by weight 0.5:2:1 mixing roll extrusion, watertight composition is that polytetrafluoroethylene and acetylene black are made the thick film of 0.3mm by weight 1:1 mixing roll extrusion, finally Catalytic Layer, nickel screen and waterproof ventilative layer is pressed into the thick air cathode of 0.3mm.Electrolyte is 4MNaCl.
The each Ingredient Wt percentage of aluflex anode material is: Mg:0.05%; Sn:1%; Ga:2.5%; Mn:0.1%; All the other are Al.
Under argon shield, when temperature is 700 DEG C, aluminium ingot is all melted in ZGJL0.01-40-4 induction melting furnace crucible, then add magnesium ingot, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy (90%Al-10%Mn), tin grain and sow grain, limit heating edge rotary container, motlten metal is mixed, continue to be heated to 750 DEG C, after insulation 7min, pour into block slab ingot; By the slab ingot of cast molding in 400 DEG C of homogenizing annealing 10h, alloying element is made at high temperature to spread evenly; Slab ingot after annealing is rolling to the thick aluflex anode material of 2mm at 200 DEG C.Anode alloy in 4MNaCl solution from corrosion rate be 0.006mg/cm 2h, Open Circuit Potential are-1.783V (vs.SHE), and air cell discharge current density in 4MNaCl electrolyte of composition is 100mA/cm 2time test 120h electromotive force be 1.629V, anode utilance is 95.7%, and surface corrosion is even.Concrete electrochemical properties is in table 1.
Embodiment 2:
The negative electrode of air cell is made up of Catalytic Layer, nickel screen conducting matrix grain and waterproof ventilative layer, and wherein Catalytic Layer is γ-MnO 2, active carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene make the thick film of 0.3mm by weight 2:4:3 mixing roll extrusion, watertight composition is that polytetrafluoroethylene and acetylene black are made the thick film of 0.35mm by weight 1:1 mixing roll extrusion, finally Catalytic Layer, nickel screen and waterproof ventilative layer is pressed into the thick air cathode of 0.5mm.Electrolyte is 2MNaCl.
The each Ingredient Wt percentage of aluflex anode material is: Mg:2.5%; Sn:0.05%; Ga:0.05%; Mn:1%; All the other are Al.
Under argon shield, when temperature is 680 DEG C, aluminium ingot is all melted in ZGJL0.01-40-4 induction melting furnace crucible, then add magnesium ingot, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy (90%Al-10%Mn), tin grain and sow grain, limit heating edge rotary container, motlten metal is mixed, continue to be heated to 755 DEG C, after insulation 5min, pour into block slab ingot; By the slab ingot of cast molding in 550 DEG C of homogenizing annealing 4h, alloying element is made at high temperature to spread evenly; Slab ingot after annealing is rolled to the thick aluflex anode material of 1mm in 150 DEG C.Anode alloy in 2MNaCl solution from corrosion rate be 0.03mg/cm 2h, Open Circuit Potential are-1.796V (vs.SHE), and air cell discharge current density in 2MNaCl electrolyte of composition is 300mA/cm 2time test 120h electromotive force be 1.741V, anode utilance is 97.2%, and surface corrosion is even.Concrete electrochemical properties is in table 1.
Embodiment 3:
The negative electrode of air cell is made up of Catalytic Layer, nickel screen conducting matrix grain and waterproof ventilative layer, and wherein Catalytic Layer is γ-MnO 2, active carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene make the thick film of 0.4mm by weight 1:3:2 mixing roll extrusion, watertight composition is that polytetrafluoroethylene and acetylene black are made the thick film of 0.5mm by weight 1:1 mixing roll extrusion, finally Catalytic Layer, nickel screen and waterproof ventilative layer is pressed into the thick air cathode of 0.35mm.Electrolyte is 1MNaCl.
The each Ingredient Wt percentage of aluflex anode material is: Mg:2%; Sn:1.5%; Ga:1%; Mn:0.5%; All the other are Al.
Under argon shield, when temperature is 690 DEG C, aluminium ingot is all melted in ZGJL0.01-40-4 induction melting furnace crucible, then add magnesium ingot, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy (90%Al-10%Mn), tin grain and sow grain, limit heating edge rotary container, motlten metal is mixed, continue to be heated to 765 DEG C, after insulation 6min, pour into block slab ingot; By the slab ingot of cast molding in 450 DEG C of homogenizing annealing 8h, alloying element is made at high temperature to spread evenly; Slab ingot after annealing is rolled to the thick aluflex anode material of 4mm in 170 DEG C.Anode alloy in 1MNaCl solution from corrosion rate be 0.012mg/cm 2h, Open Circuit Potential are-1.615V (vs.SHE), and air cell discharge current density in 1MNaCl electrolyte of composition is 150mA/cm 2time test 120h electromotive force be 1.569V, anode utilance is 94.5%, and surface corrosion is even.Concrete electrochemical properties is in table 1.
Embodiment 4:
The negative electrode of air cell is made up of Catalytic Layer, nickel screen conducting matrix grain and waterproof ventilative layer, and wherein Catalytic Layer is γ MnO 2, active carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene make the thick film of 0.5mm by weight 1.5:2:3 mixing roll extrusion, watertight composition is that polytetrafluoroethylene and acetylene black are made the thick film of 0.45mm by weight 1:1 mixing roll extrusion, finally Catalytic Layer, nickel screen and waterproof ventilative layer is pressed into the thick air cathode of 0.35mm.Electrolyte is 3MNaCl.
The each Ingredient Wt percentage of aluflex anode material is: Mg:1%; Sn:0.75%; Ga:2.5%; Mn:0.8%; All the other are Al.
Under argon shield, when temperature is 695 DEG C, aluminium ingot is all melted in ZGJL0.01-40-4 induction melting furnace crucible, then add magnesium ingot, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy (90%Al-10%Mn), tin grain and sow grain, limit heating edge rotary container, motlten metal is mixed, continue to be heated to 760 DEG C, after insulation 6min, pour into block slab ingot; By the slab ingot of cast molding in 500 DEG C of homogenizing annealing 6h, alloying element is made at high temperature to spread evenly; Slab ingot after annealing is rolled to the thick aluflex anode material of 0.5mm in 160 DEG C.Anode alloy in 3MNaCl solution from corrosion rate be 0.024mg/cm 2h, Open Circuit Potential are-1.734V (vs.SHE), and air cell discharge current density in 3MNaCl electrolyte of composition is 200mA/cm 2time test 120h electromotive force be 1.628V, anode utilance is 96.2%, and surface corrosion is even.Concrete electrochemical properties is in table 1.
Embodiment 5:
The negative electrode of air cell is made up of Catalytic Layer, nickel screen conducting matrix grain and waterproof ventilative layer, and wherein Catalytic Layer is γ-MnO 2, active carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene make the thick film of 0.45mm by weight 1:4:2 mixing roll extrusion, watertight composition is that polytetrafluoroethylene and acetylene black are made the thick film of 0.3mm by weight 1:1 mixing roll extrusion, finally Catalytic Layer, nickel screen and waterproof ventilative layer is pressed into the thick air cathode of 0.4mm.Electrolyte is 2.5MNaCl.
The each Ingredient Wt percentage of aluflex anode material is: Mg:1.5%; Sn:0.5%; Ga:1.5%; Mn:0.6%; All the other are Al.
Under argon shield, when temperature is 685 DEG C, aluminium ingot is all melted in ZGJL0.01-40-4 induction melting furnace crucible, then add magnesium ingot, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy (90%Al-10%Mn), tin grain and sow grain, limit heating edge rotary container, motlten metal is mixed, continue to be heated to 770 DEG C, after insulation 5min, pour into block slab ingot; By the slab ingot of cast molding in 510 DEG C of homogenizing annealing 7h, alloying element is made at high temperature to spread evenly; Slab ingot after annealing is rolled to the thick aluflex anode material of 3mm in 200 DEG C.Anode alloy in 2.5MNaCl solution from corrosion rate be 0.018mg/cm 2h, Open Circuit Potential are-1.758V (vs.SHE), and air cell discharge current density in 2.5MNaCl electrolyte of composition is 300mA/cm 2time test 120h electromotive force be 1.705V, anode utilance is 95.4%, and surface corrosion is even.Concrete electrochemical properties is in table 1.
Can be found out by above embodiment, aluflex anode material of the present invention has high chemical property really, and alloy surface is uniformly dissolved.
The chemical property of table 1 embodiment 1 ~ 5 manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode material
It should be noted last that: above embodiment is the unrestricted technical scheme of the present invention in order to explanation only, although with reference to above-described embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: still can modify to the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. an air cell manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode material, is characterized in that: be made up of the element of following weight ratio: Mg:1.5 ~ 2%; Sn:0.5 ~ 1.5%; Ga:1 ~ 1.5%; Mn:0.5 ~ 0.6%; Surplus is Al.
2. a kind of air cell manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: aluminium purity is >=99.7%.
3. a preparation method for air cell manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt induction melting preparation, comprise the following steps:
(1) under inert gas shielding, aluminium ingot all melts when being 680 ~ 700 DEG C by temperature in elevated temperature vessel, then add magnesium ingot, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy, tin grain and sow grain, limit heating edge rotary container, motlten metal is mixed, continue to be heated to 750 ~ 770 DEG C, after insulation 5 ~ 7min, pour into block slab ingot;
(2) by the slab ingot of cast molding in 400 ~ 550 DEG C of homogenizing annealing 4-10h, make element at high temperature spread evenly;
(3) slab ingot after annealing is rolling to the thick aluflex anode material of 0.5 ~ 4mm at 150 ~ 200 DEG C.
4. the air cell preparation method of manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode material as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: elevated temperature vessel is crucible.
5. the air cell preparation method of manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode material as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: aluminium manganese intermediate alloy is 90%Al-10%Mn.
6. adopt an air cell for manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: air cell comprises manganese-containing aluminum alloy anode, air cathode and electrolyte; Air cathode is made up of Catalytic Layer, conduction nickel screen and waterproof ventilative layer, and wherein Catalytic Layer is γ-MnO 2, active carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene be by weight (0.5 ~ 2): (2 ~ 4): (1 ~ 3) mixes roll extrusion and makes the thick film of 0.3 ~ 0.5mm, waterproof ventilative layer is that polytetrafluoroethylene and acetylene black make the thick film of 0.3 ~ 0.5mm by weight 1:1 mixing roll extrusion, and last Catalytic Layer, conduction nickel screen and waterproof ventilative layer are pressed into the thick air cathode of 0.3 ~ 0.5mm; Electrolyte is 1 ~ 4M NaCl solution.
CN201210281070.XA 2012-08-07 2012-08-07 Manganese-aluminum containing anode material and preparation method thereof, as well as air cell prepared by using anode material Expired - Fee Related CN102820472B (en)

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CN105140596B (en) * 2015-09-06 2018-02-13 河南科技大学 A kind of air cell aluminum alloy anode material, preparation method and aluminium-air cell
CN106756665A (en) * 2016-11-28 2017-05-31 云南冶金集团创能铝空气电池股份有限公司 Aluminium alloy, preparation method and purposes
CN106917010B (en) * 2017-04-25 2018-11-13 哈尔滨工业大学 A kind of aluminum alloy anode material and its casting method and application
CN108666561A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-10-16 湖南源达新材料有限公司 A kind of air cell electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN108808007A (en) * 2018-06-01 2018-11-13 安徽工业大学 A kind of preparation method of the aluminium-air cell anode material of high Fe content
CN109338181B (en) * 2018-11-13 2020-05-12 东北大学 Anode material for alkaline aluminum-air battery and preparation method thereof
CN109461942B (en) * 2018-11-22 2021-04-02 河南科技大学 Aluminum alloy anode material for air battery, preparation method of aluminum alloy anode material and air battery
CN110010885A (en) * 2019-04-08 2019-07-12 上海交通大学 Aluminium-air cell anode material and preparation method thereof
CN111180720B (en) * 2019-10-22 2022-06-21 超威电源集团有限公司 Aluminum air battery anode and preparation method thereof
CN111740094A (en) * 2020-07-01 2020-10-02 昆明冶金研究院有限公司 Aluminum air battery aluminum anode plate material and preparation method thereof, aluminum air battery aluminum anode plate and preparation method and application thereof
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