CN101898272B - Arc-welding method - Google Patents

Arc-welding method Download PDF

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CN101898272B
CN101898272B CN201010125970.6A CN201010125970A CN101898272B CN 101898272 B CN101898272 B CN 101898272B CN 201010125970 A CN201010125970 A CN 201010125970A CN 101898272 B CN101898272 B CN 101898272B
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welding
mentioned
base metal
short
circuit
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CN101898272A (en
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上山智之
高桥宪人
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Daihen Corp
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Daihen Corp
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Abstract

Even if the invention provides a kind of such as short-circuit condition continuation due to the variation of the feed motion of welding wire, the arc-welding method of the generation sputtered also suitably can be suppressed.Between welding wire (17) with welding base metal (W), produce electric arc carry out in the arc-welding method welded, be included in when producing status transition from the short-circuit condition of welding wire (17) and welding base metal (W) short circuit to the electric arc that electric arc has produced, to the step that the necking down produced in the bridge part between welding wire (17) and welding base metal (W) detects, when necking down not detected in the process of this step, welding wire (17) is left from welding base metal (W) and liberates short-circuit condition.By this method, even if such as short-circuit condition continues by the variation of the feed motion of welding wire (17), the generation sputtered can also reliably be suppressed.

Description

Arc-welding method
Technical field
The present invention relates to arc-welding method.
Background technology
, be known to as consumable electrode feeding welding wire in the past, while produce electric arc between this welding wire and welding base metal, carried out the arc-welding method welded.In the operation of this arc welding, the short-circuit condition and the short-circuit condition electric arc that electric arc produces by liberating that repeatedly carry out welding wire and welding base metal short circuit produce state.
When being transitioned into electric arc from short-circuit condition and producing state, in the melting bridge part between welding wire and welding base metal, necking down produces.Namely necking down represents the sign producing status transition from short-circuit condition to electric arc.In addition, when producing status transition from short-circuit condition to electric arc, by the Joule heat caused by energising, welding wire fuses, and a large amount of sputterings produces.Sputtering becomes the reason of smearing defect etc., and welding quality brings bad influence.
At this, as the method suppressed the generation of sputtering, such as, the method shown in patent document 1 is proposed.In the method shown in patent document 1, detect the necking down produced when producing status transition from short-circuit condition to electric arc, the detection based on this necking down makes the welding current to welding wire is energized decline.When welding current is declined, the pressure of the electric arc to welding base metal can be reduced when electric arc produces, therefore, it is possible to suppress the generation of sputtering.
But such as because the feed motion of welding wire changes etc. instantaneously, the molten drop hypertrophyization produced in the leading section of welding wire, more than necessity, makes short circuit mode improperly produce sometimes.Therefore, the situation that short-circuit condition under the state do not produced in above-mentioned necking down continues chronically is produced.If short-circuit condition continues, then, in the method shown in above-mentioned patent document 1, the generation of necking down can not be detected.Therefore, can not welding current be reduced, be difficult to the generation suppressing sputtering.
[patent document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2004-114088 publication
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes just in view of the above circumstances, even if its problem is to provide such as, by the variation of the feed motion of welding wire, short-circuit condition continues, and also suitably can suppress the arc-welding method of the generation sputtered.
By arc-welding method provided by the present invention, between welding wire with welding base metal, produce electric arc weld, it is characterized in that, comprise: when producing status transition from the short-circuit condition of above-mentioned welding wire and welding base metal short circuit to the electric arc creating above-mentioned electric arc, detect the step of the necking down that the bridge part between above-mentioned welding wire and above-mentioned welding base metal produces, when above-mentioned necking down not detected in the process of above-mentioned steps, above-mentioned welding wire is left from above-mentioned welding base metal and liberates above-mentioned short-circuit condition.
By this structure, when producing status transition from short-circuit condition to electric arc, when short-circuit condition continues and necking down do not detected, welding wire is made to leave welding base metal forcibly.Thus, short-circuit condition is liberated, and can produce electric arc.Now, there is no the fusing of adjoint welding wire, therefore, it is possible to suppress the generation of sputtering when producing status transition to electric arc.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when above-mentioned necking down not detected in the process of above-mentioned steps, the welding current flowed from above-mentioned welding wire to above-mentioned welding base metal is reduced.By this structure, the generation sputtered more effectively can be suppressed.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the judgement of above-mentioned necking down do not detected, by have passed through the stipulated time after being in above-mentioned short-circuit condition after, the variable quantity of the time per unit of the weldingvoltage supplied between above-mentioned welding wire and above-mentioned welding base metal is carry out below the threshold value that specifies.
In addition, the judgement of above-mentioned necking down is not detected, by carrying out from have passed through the stipulated time after being in above-mentioned short-circuit condition yet.By this structure, the judgement of necking down reliably can not detected.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned welding wire leaves movement relative to above-mentioned welding base metal, is undertaken by making the welding torch above-mentioned welding wire being directed to the welding position of regulation move.By this structure, can welding wire be easily made to leave welding base metal.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned welding torch leaves movement relative to above-mentioned welding base metal, is undertaken by making above-mentioned welding torch cam mechanism that is close relative to above-mentioned welding base metal and that leave.
Other features and advantages of the present invention, by the detailed description of carrying out referring to accompanying drawing, can be definitely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the figure of the structure representing the welding system being suitable for the arc-welding method that the present invention is correlated with.
Fig. 2 is the enlarged view representing welding torch and move back and forth the structure produced near mechanism.
Fig. 3 represents that the reciprocating motion shown in Fig. 2 produces the enlarged view of mechanism.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the action for illustration of drive cam (drivecam).
Fig. 5 is the figure of the electric structure representing welding system.
Fig. 6 is the figure representing the action of welding torch in the variable condition of weldingvoltage and welding current, each variable condition and the state of cam rotating shaft respectively.
[explanation of symbol]
1 welding robot
11 reference components
12,12a mechanical arm (arm)
13 motor
14 welding torches
15 feed arrangements
151 feed motors
16 windings guider (coinliner)
17 welding wires
2 robot controllers
21 control circuits
22 interface circuits
3 welding supplys
31 output control circuits
32 voltage detecting circuits
33 necking down testing circuits
34 feeding control circuits
35 interface circuits
41 motor
42 core shift rotating shafts
43 drive cams (cam mechanism)
44a, 44b bearing (bearing)
45 supports
46 linings (bush)
47 rotating shafts
Fc feeding control signal
Iw welding current
Mc action control signal
Nd necking down detection signal
Rp release signal
Sp welding start position
Vt threshold voltage
Vw weldingvoltage
W welding base metal
Detailed description of the invention
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described particularly.
Fig. 1 is the figure of the structure representing the welding system that the arc-welding method that the present invention is correlated with is suitable for.This welding system possesses welding robot 1, robot controller 2 and welding supply 3.Possess the distinctive reciprocating motion of present embodiment in welding robot 1 and produce mechanism 4.
Welding robot 1 couple of welding base metal W automatically carries out such as arc welding.Welding robot 1 possesses reference component 11, multiple mechanical arm 12, multiple motor 13, welding torch 14, silk feed arrangement 15 and winding guider 16.
Other parts of reference component 11 butt welding machine device people 1 support, and are fixed in the suitable place on ground etc.Each mechanical arm 12 is connected with reference component 11 via multiple axle (omitting diagram).Motor 13 is arranged at two ends or one end (the omitting part diagram) of mechanical arm 12.Motor 13 is driven in rotation by robot controller 2.Not shown encoder is provided with in motor 13.The output of this encoder is provided to robot controller 2.According to this output valve, robot controller 2 identifies the current location of welding torch 14.
Welding torch 14 is arranged at the leading section of the mechanical arm 12a arranged in the side foremost of welding robot 1.The welding wire 17 of such as diameter about 1mm is directed to the position of the regulation near welding base metal W by welding torch 14.Welding torch 14 possesses the protective gas nozzle (omitting diagram) of the protective gas for supplying Ar etc.Carry out rotary actuation by above-mentioned motor 13, control the movement of multiple mechanical arm 12, welding torch 14 can move freely up and down all around.
Silk feed arrangement 15 is arranged at the top of welding robot 1.Silk feed arrangement 15 is for sending welding wire 17 to welding torch 14.Silk feed arrangement 15 possesses feed motor 151, wire reel (omitting diagram) and silk and advances (wirepush) mechanism (omitting diagram).Silk propulsive mechanism, using feed motor 151 as drive source, sends the welding wire 17 being wound into above-mentioned wire reel (wirereel) to welding torch 14.
Winding guider (coinliner) 16, its one end is connected with silk feed arrangement 15, and its other end is connected with welding torch 14.Winding guider 16 is formed as tubulose, inserts welding wire 17 therein.The welding wire 17 sent from silk feed arrangement 15 is directed to welding torch 14 by winding guider 16.The welding wire 17 sent externally is given prominence to from welding torch 14 and is played function as consumable electrode.
Fig. 2 is the enlarged view representing welding torch 14 and move back and forth the structure produced near mechanism 4.Fig. 3 is the enlarged view of the reciprocating motion generation mechanism 4 shown in Fig. 2.
Welding torch 14, as shown in Figure 2, produces mechanism 4 via reciprocating motion and is installed to mechanical arm 12a.Move back and forth generation mechanism 4 to leave relative to welding base metal W for making welding torch 14, and close.Move back and forth and produce mechanism 4, as shown in Figure 3, possess motor 41, core shift rotating shaft 42, drive cam 43, bearing 44a, 44b, support 45, lining 46 and rotating shaft 47.
As shown in Figure 2, motor 41 is fixed on mechanical arm 12a.Motor 41 is using the axle 41a extended along the left and right directions of Fig. 3 as rotating shaft.In motor 41, not shown encoder is installed.Core shift rotating shaft 42 is fixed on the rotating shaft 41a of motor 41.Core shift rotating shaft 42 can rotate with the direction identical with the direction of rotation of motor 41.Core shift rotating shaft 42, arranges bolt 42a in the position of the rotating shaft 41a core shift distance L of relative motor 41.
Two holes are formed in drive cam 43.Drive cam 43, via the bearing 44a of a side being arranged on these two holes, is connected with the above-mentioned bolt 42a of core shift rotating shaft 42.Support 45, via the bearing 44b of the opposing party being arranged on above-mentioned 2 holes, links with drive cam 43.Support 45 links via lining 46 and rotating shaft 47.Rotating shaft 47 is fixed relative to the body of motor 41.Support 45 and welding torch 14 link.
When motor 41 rotates, the bolt of core shift rotating shaft 42 carries out core shift rotation.Drive cam 43 rotates according to above-mentioned core shift, as shown in Figure 4, carries out a series of action of from (K1) to (K4).Support 45, by action as shown in Figure 3, moves back and forth in the vertical direction along rotating shaft 47.Its result, welding torch 14 can move minutely on the above-below direction of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
Robot controller 2 controls for the action of butt welding machine device people 1.Robot controller 2, as shown in Figure 5, is made up of control circuit 21 and interface circuit 22.
Control circuit 21 has not shown microcomputer and memory.The operation procedure of the various actions of setting welding robot 1 is stored in this memory.Control circuit 21 is based on the coordinate information etc. from this operation procedure and above-mentioned multiple encoders, and butt welding machine device people 1 provides action control signal Mc.Action control signal Mc is for making welding torch 14 by the signal of movement in the welding direction of teaching.Each motor 13 carries out rotary actuation according to this action control signal Mc, and welding torch 14 is moved in the welding start position of the regulation of welding base metal W.In addition, action control signal Mc includes the signal for making the distinctive welding torch about 14 of present embodiment move.Motor 41 carries out rotary actuation according to this signal, and welding torch about 14 is moved.
Interface circuit 22 is for exchanging various signal with welding supply 3.Control circuit 21 connects not shown operating and setting device.This operating and setting device is used for being set by the user various action.
Voltage setting signal Vs is outputted to output control circuit 31 via interface circuit 22 and interface circuit 35 (aftermentioned) by control circuit 21.Output commencing signal On and release signal Rp is outputted to output control circuit 31 and feeding control circuit 34 by control circuit 21.Feed speed setting signal Ws is outputted to feeding control circuit 34 via interface circuit 22 by control circuit 21.
Welding supply 3 is the device for applying weldingvoltage Vw between welding wire 17 and welding base metal W, and is the device for feeding welding wire 17.Welding supply 3, as shown in Figure 5, possesses output control circuit 31, voltage detecting circuit 32, necking down testing circuit 33, feeding control circuit 34 and interface circuit 35.Interface circuit 35 is for exchanging various signal with robot controller 2.
Output control circuit 31 has the inverter control circuit be such as made up of multiple transistor unit.Output control circuit 31, carries out accurate welding current waveform to the source power supply inputted from outside (such as 3 phase 200V) with high-speed response by inverter control circuit and controls.
The output of output control circuit 31, such as side of the positive electrode is connected with welding torch 14, and negative side is connected with welding base metal W.Between welding wire 17 and welding base metal W, the contact tip (figure slightly) via the front end being arranged on welding torch 14 applies weldingvoltage Vw.Thus, between the front end of welding wire 17 and welding base metal W, electric arc is produced.Welding wire 17 carries out melting by the heat produced by this electric arc, applies welding to welding base metal W.
Voltage detecting circuit 32 is for detecting voltage and the weldingvoltage Vw of the output of output control circuit 31.The voltage detection signal Vd corresponding with weldingvoltage Vw is outputted to necking down testing circuit 33 by voltage detecting circuit 32.
Necking down testing circuit 33 is the circuit detected the generation of the necking down that welding between welding wire 17 with welding base metal W produces in bridge part.Necking down becomes sign when to produce status transition between welding wire 17 and welding base metal W from short-circuit condition to electric arc.To the process that this necking down detects, such as, exceed according to the variable quantity (differential value dV/dt) of the time per unit of the weldingvoltage Vw be supplied between welding wire 17 and welding base metal W the threshold value specified and carried out.Necking down is produced signal Nd and outputs to output control circuit 31 by necking down testing circuit 33, and outputs to control circuit 21 via interface circuit 35,22.
The necking down testing circuit 33 that present embodiment is relevant, except detecting necking down, have passed through stipulated time Ts (with reference to Fig. 6) when welding wire 17 is in short-circuit condition with welding base metal W after, detect the variable quantity (differential value dV/dt, be equivalent to the slope C of the waveform shown in Fig. 6) of the time per unit of weldingvoltage Vw whether below the threshold value of regulation.Namely necking down testing circuit 33 detects the state that short-circuit condition under the state that above-mentioned necking down do not produce continues chronically.
When necking down testing circuit 33 detects this state, to produce signal Nd different from necking down, via interface circuit 35,22 will detect that the signal (continuing signal hereinafter referred to as short circuit) of the meaning of the state that short-circuit condition continues outputs to control circuit 21.When control circuit 21 collects short circuit continuation signal, the signal being used for welding torch about 14 is moved is outputted to welding robot 1 as action control signal Mc.
The feeding control signal Fc being used for feeding welding wire 17 is outputted to feed motor 151 by feeding control circuit 34.Feeding control signal Fc is the signal of the feed speed representing welding wire 17.
Next, with reference to Fig. 6, an example of the arc-welding method that the present invention is correlated with is described.
Fig. 6 represents the weldingvoltage Vw that exports from output control circuit 31 and the variable condition of welding current Iw, the action of welding torch 14 each variable condition and the state of cam rotating shaft 43 respectively.Especially, Fig. 6 represents compared with common welding action, the situation that short-circuit condition continues chronically.In addition, state (K1) ~ (K4) of cam rotating shaft 43 shown in this Fig is corresponding with (K1) shown in Fig. 4 ~ (K4).
(1) during before moment t1
First, after the welding of transition starts process, by the welding commencing signal St (with reference to Fig. 5) of input from outside, usually start stable soldering.Stablize in soldering, output commencing signal On is outputted to output control circuit 31 and feeding control circuit 34 by control circuit 21, and action control signal Mc is outputted to welding robot 1.Thus, welding torch 14 is moved to welding start position Sp.In addition, feeding control signal Fc is flowed to feed motor 151 by feeding control circuit 34.Thus, welding wire 17 is fed towards welding base metal W with stabilized speed.By these stable solderings, during before moment t1, between welding wire 17 and welding base metal W, produce electric arc.
(2) during moment t1 ~ t2
By forming molten drop 51 from the weldingvoltage Vw of output control circuit 31 and welding current Iw in the leading section of welding wire 17.At moment t1, as shown in (H1), above-mentioned molten drop 51 contacts with the fusion pool 52 of welding base metal W, is in short-circuit condition between welding wire 17 and welding base metal W.Now, output control circuit 31, temporarily makes welding current Iw reduce.Thus, suppress to produce the generation of state to sputtering during short-circuit condition transition from electric arc.After this, molten drop 51 is to fusion pool 52 transition (with reference to (H2)).
(3) during moment t2 ~ t3
Output control circuit 31 makes welding current Iw increase at moment t2 ~ t3.The increase of this welding current Iw, in order to promote that molten drop 51 is to the transition of fusion pool 52, and produces necking down and carries out after this transition.Necking down testing circuit 33, usually during moment t2 ~ t3, detects necking down, exports necking down detection signal Nd to output control circuit 31.The waveform of the weldingvoltage Vw shown in Fig. 6 and welding current Iw, represents that short-circuit condition continues chronically, necking down testing circuit 33 can not for a long time between detect the situation of necking down.
(4) moment t4
Due to the variation etc. of moment during welding wire 17 feeding, and necking down can not be produced, when short-circuit condition continues (with reference to (H3)), at the variable quantity of the time per unit of weldingvoltage Vw after stipulated time Ts also below the threshold value of regulation.Necking down testing circuit 33, at moment t4, detects this state, short circuit is continued signal and outputs to output control circuit 31.
When control circuit 21 collects short circuit continuation signal, the action control signal Mc making welding torch 14 leave welding base metal W is outputted to the motor 41 of drive cam 43.Thus, as shown in (K2), (K3), drive cam 43 carries out action, and welding torch 14 is Ru shown in (H4), and the direction started to leaving from welding base metal W is moved.Start the step that this welding torch 14 mobile is equivalent to start to remove the short-circuit condition in the present invention.
(5) during moment t4 ~ t5
By carrying out the movement of welding torch 14, at moment t4 ~ t5, the short-circuit condition between liberation welding wire 17 and welding base metal W, as shown in (H5), produces electric arc 53.In a state in which, output control circuit 31 makes welding current Iw reduce.Thus, the pressure being applied to the fusion pool 52 when electric arc 53 produces is weakened.Therefore, it is possible to suppress the generation of sputtering.
(6) moment t6
At moment t6, release signal Rp is outputted to output control circuit 31 and feeding control circuit 34 by control circuit 21.Thus, as shown in (K4), (K1), drive cam 43 moves, and as Suo Shi (H6), welding torch 14 moves to welding start position Sp.
Afterwards, control circuit 21 is outputted to welding robot 1 by making welding torch 14 move to by the action control signal Mc in the welding direction of teaching.Form molten drop 51 in the leading section of welding wire 17, be fed by welding wire 17, thus welding wire 17 and welding base metal W are in short-circuit condition (with reference to (H1)) again.After, to welding terminates, repeat this step.
Next, the effect of the arc-welding method that present embodiment is correlated with is described.
By present embodiment, the necking down formed in the melting bridge part usually between welding torch 14 and welding base metal W is for short-circuit condition continues chronically and when not formed, detect this state, make welding torch 14 leave movement forcibly.Therefore, short-circuit condition is liberated at once, does not now have the fusing of adjoint welding wire 17.In addition, owing to making welding current reduce, therefore the pressure of electric arc 53 pairs of fusion pool 52 weakens.Therefore, when short-circuit condition continues and do not form necking down, the generation of sputtering when producing status transition from short-circuit condition to electric arc also can be suppressed.
In order to make welding torch 14 leave from welding base metal W, or welding base metal W is close relatively, the motor 41 of drive cam 43 also only can be made to rotate forward, do not need the motor 41 making drive cam 43 to reverse.So there is no the operating lag caused due to the inertia of feed motor 13.Thus, even if the cycle repeatedly that above-mentioned short-circuit condition and electric arc produce state becomes large, do not produce bad yet, the method that present embodiment is relevant can be adopted.
Scope of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment.The concrete structure of each several part of the arc-welding method that the present invention is correlated with, can freely all design alterations.Such as, the detection that short-circuit condition continues, also by necking down not detected to carry out by the method beyond above-mentioned method from short-circuit condition within the stipulated time.In addition, in the figure representing the weldingvoltage of Fig. 6 and the relation between the time, if be stipulated time Ts ' when reaching predetermined threshold voltage vt to weldingvoltage Vw from short-circuit condition, reaching the time point of this stipulated time Ts ', welding torch 14 also can be made to sow discord movement forcibly.Or also can by the method and above-mentioned be below the threshold value that specifies at the variable quantity of the time per unit of weldingvoltage Vw after stipulated time Ts time judge that the method that short-circuit condition continues is combined.
In addition, carry out the method for sowing discord movement of welding torch 14, above-mentioned reciprocating motion also can not be adopted to produce mechanism 4.Such as by being exported to welding robot 1 by action control signal Mc, mechanical arm 12 action also can be made to move to make welding torch 14.Or, the feed motor 151 of a feed arrangement 15 also can be made to reverse, welding wire 17 is retreated.
In addition, the detection of the short-circuit condition between welding wire 17 and welding base metal W, such as, also can be detected by the silk contact detection circuit installed in robot controller 2 (diagram slightly).In addition, the preferably feeding control signal Fc also side of being output unceasingly in above-mentioned short-circuit condition, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and also can stop the feeding of welding wire 17.

Claims (5)

1. an arc-welding method, produces electric arc to weld between welding wire with welding base metal,
Comprise: when producing status transition from the short-circuit condition of above-mentioned welding wire and welding base metal short circuit to the electric arc creating above-mentioned electric arc, detect the step of the necking down that the bridge part between above-mentioned welding wire and above-mentioned welding base metal produces,
When above-mentioned necking down not detected in the process of above-mentioned steps, via interface circuit, signal and short circuit that the meaning of the state that short-circuit condition continues detected are continued signal and output to control circuit, when control circuit collects short circuit continuation signal, the signal being used for welding torch is moved up and down is outputted to welding robot as action control signal, above-mentioned welding wire is left from above-mentioned welding base metal and liberates above-mentioned short-circuit condition, the welding current flowed from above-mentioned welding wire to above-mentioned welding base metal is reduced.
2. arc-welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
The judgement of above-mentioned necking down do not detected,
By have passed through the stipulated time after being in above-mentioned short-circuit condition after, the variable quantity of the time per unit of the weldingvoltage supplied between above-mentioned welding wire and above-mentioned welding base metal is carry out below the threshold value that specifies.
3. arc-welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
The judgement of above-mentioned necking down do not detected,
By carrying out from have passed through the stipulated time after being in above-mentioned short-circuit condition.
4. the arc-welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned welding wire leaves movement relative to above-mentioned welding base metal,
Undertaken by making the welding torch above-mentioned welding wire being directed to the welding position of regulation move.
5. arc-welding method according to claim 4, is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned welding torch leaves movement relative to above-mentioned welding base metal, is undertaken by making above-mentioned welding torch cam mechanism that is close relative to above-mentioned welding base metal and that leave.
CN201010125970.6A 2009-03-16 2010-02-25 Arc-welding method Active CN101898272B (en)

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JP5545996B2 (en) * 2010-08-31 2014-07-09 株式会社ダイヘン Constriction detection control method for consumable electrode arc welding
JP5908802B2 (en) * 2012-06-19 2016-04-26 株式会社ダイヘン Plasma arc welding method and plasma arc welding system
CN103567603B (en) * 2012-07-18 2017-01-04 株式会社大亨 The output control method of the source of welding current
JP5761168B2 (en) * 2012-12-20 2015-08-12 株式会社安川電機 Power supply apparatus for arc welding, arc welding system, and control method for power supply apparatus for arc welding
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