CN101897616B - 超声波螺钉 - Google Patents

超声波螺钉 Download PDF

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CN101897616B
CN101897616B CN201010147618.2A CN201010147618A CN101897616B CN 101897616 B CN101897616 B CN 101897616B CN 201010147618 A CN201010147618 A CN 201010147618A CN 101897616 B CN101897616 B CN 101897616B
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screw
axle
screw thread
external
sleeve pipe
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CN101897616A (zh
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赫尔格·吉尔施
克劳斯·多拉瓦
约尔格·马耶尔
菲利普·塞勒
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Woodwelding AG
Stryker European Operations Holdings LLC
Stryker European Holdings LLC
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Stryker Trauma GmbH
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7097Stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant, e.g. balloon; devices for inserting or filling such implants
    • A61B17/7098Stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant, e.g. balloon; devices for inserting or filling such implants wherein the implant is permeable or has openings, e.g. fenestrated screw
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
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    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/864Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor hollow, e.g. with socket or cannulated
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1613Component parts
    • A61B17/1633Sleeves, i.e. non-rotating parts surrounding the bit shaft, e.g. the sleeve forming a single unit with the bit shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1662Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body
    • A61B17/1664Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the hip
    • A61B17/1668Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the hip for the upper femur
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/74Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur
    • A61B17/742Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur having one or more longitudinal elements oriented along or parallel to the axis of the neck
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8052Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates immobilised relative to screws by interlocking form of the heads and plate holes, e.g. conical or threaded
    • A61B17/8057Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates immobilised relative to screws by interlocking form of the heads and plate holes, e.g. conical or threaded the interlocking form comprising a thread
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    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8605Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone
    • A61B17/861Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone specially shaped for gripping driver
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8685Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor comprising multiple separate parts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/88Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
    • A61B17/8802Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
    • A61B17/8805Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it
    • A61B17/8822Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it characterised by means facilitating expulsion of fluid from the introducer, e.g. a screw pump plunger, hydraulic force transmissions, application of vibrations or a vacuum
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
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    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/88Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
    • A61B17/8875Screwdrivers, spanners or wrenches
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00411Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like actuated by application of energy from an energy source outside the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B2017/8655Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor with special features for locking in the bone

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Abstract

用于对断裂进行固定的螺钉,包括中空的轴、第一外螺纹及其远端的径向开口,以及第二外螺纹及其近端的内部接合部。第二外螺纹适于与组织保护套管接合。所述内部接合部适于与驱动工具的驱动端配合。通过这种方式,可通过所述套管将轴向力或径向力施加于所述螺钉,并且可通过所述驱动工具施加沿旋转方向的力。因此,能够准确地将所述螺钉安装在对象内的预期位置处。

Description

超声波螺钉
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及超声波熔接技术。更具体地,本发明涉及用于对断裂进行固定的螺钉以及方法。本发明涉及一种用于在断裂对象内增大的螺钉,涉及包括将螺钉应用到断裂对象内的工具的套件,并涉及所提及的套件的使用。所述断裂对象可以是骨头或者像家具这样的木质的或塑料的对象。
背景技术
从美国专利4,653,489中已知一种系统,其中固定接合剂通过螺钉引入到受骨质疏松影响的骨头的一部分中。股骨颈骨折以及股骨远端骨折能够通过该装置固定。
根据现有技术的系统包括具有流动腔(即轴向通孔)的螺钉,骨接合剂能够通过该通孔引入到位于所述螺钉的末端处的部分中。骨接合剂由以可松开的方式附接于所述螺钉的后端的装置推进。该装置与市场上可买到的注射器类似,基本上包括圆柱形筒以及活塞。所述筒形成活塞可在其中来回地移动的腔体。
在该现有技术的装置的使用中,固定接合剂填入到所述筒内,在那之后所述活塞迫压所述接合剂。通过施加手动压缩力,将固定接合剂喷入到所述螺钉的轴向通孔中。由于压力,所述固定接合剂充分地流体化,使得其能够通过所述螺钉的近端进入到骨头内,从而所述螺钉在骨头内得以增大。
该系统具有缺点:施加于所述固定接合剂的手动压力不仅基本上因不同应用而变化,而且在应用本身的过程中变化,以致所述固定接合剂在所述螺钉的末端处的骨头部分内的分布既不可靠也不均匀。
在美国专利申请公开No.2009/0018590示出了一种用于固定骨折的装置,其公开内容通过参引的方式并入本文。在美国专利申请公开No.2009/0018471示出了一种用于将超声波能量施加于螺钉的装置,其公开内容通过参引的方式并入本文。如在美国专利No.7,335,205的图27中所示,在断裂的固定中已知超声波能量以及聚合物销的使用。美国专利No.7,335,205的公开内容通过参引的方式并入本文。
发明内容
本发明的目的可以是提供一种螺钉以及一种方法,通过该螺钉以及该方法能够保证所述螺钉在对象中的安装位置中的可靠且均匀的增大。
通常,用于对断裂进行固定的螺钉包括:具有远端(离使用者最远),近端(最接近使用者)以及中心轴线的轴;沿所述轴的中心轴线延伸的通孔;第一外螺纹以及位于所述远端的径向开口;以及第二外螺纹及位于所述轴的近端的内部的工具接合部。
所述螺钉可具有轴,所述轴是基本上中空且长型的元件,其中轴向通孔沿所述中心轴线形成使得所述轴的壁部的厚度在圆周方向上是恒定的。优选地,所述轴将具有圆形横截面。
在所述远端(所述螺钉的末端部分或前端)处,第一外螺纹能够切入骨头(或木头)内。因此,第一外螺纹沿指向所述近端的方向沿着从所述螺钉的末端开始的所述轴的长度的最初几厘米延伸。根据典型的实施方式,第一外螺纹在所述螺钉的末端处可以是锥形的以使所述螺钉能够更好地引入到如骨头或木质对象(例如家具)这样的目标对象内。
从中心通孔穿过位于第一外螺纹的部分中的所述轴的壁部,沿径向形成有至少一个开口。所述螺钉的末端部分设置有多个开口可允许所使用的用于在目标对象内增大螺钉的合适的材料的更好分布。
在另一端,所述螺钉的近端,形成有第二外螺纹,其优选地沿所述轴的轴线仅延伸几毫米。该第二外螺纹与第一外螺纹相比是另一种螺纹,因为第二外螺纹适于与组织保护套管接合。为了避免负面的相关性如刺激或损伤,在第二外螺纹与骨头周围的组织之间,弯角的外轮廓是平的或圆形的以便具有平滑的接触区域。
根据另一实施方式,第二外螺纹可适于连接于增大工具,其中,例如,所述增大工具的外壳借助于第二外螺纹支撑于所述螺钉的近端,而能够传递超声振动的超声波发生器与位于所述螺钉内的聚合物销接触。
此外,所述螺钉的近端包括内部工具接合部。这意味着所述螺钉可与具有相应的驱动端的驱动器耦接。该驱动端可以是六角形的或星形(TORX)的,其中所述驱动器也可以是扳手。注意,所述驱动器也可以由包括电动、气动或其它合适的机构在内的动力源驱动。
根据本发明,第二螺纹的外径大于所述轴的外径。因此,在位于近端处的外螺纹与所述轴之间将形成台阶。根据该实施方式,所述螺钉还包括位于第二外螺纹与所述轴之间的轴环以在所述外螺纹与所述轴之间提供平滑的连接或肩部。例如,所述轴环可形成为部分球形的头部,并且球形表面面向所述螺钉的远端。
对于螺钉植入到骨头内的情况,用于安装根据本发明的所述螺钉的套件除如上所述的螺钉外,还包括适于与所述螺钉的内部工具接合部接合的驱动工具、以及适于与所述螺钉的第二外螺纹接合的中空的组织保护套管。
所述组织保护套管是一种伸长件,其可以适于使所述螺钉容易地被引入到骨头内,其中骨头周围的肌肉或其它组织将使在所述螺钉的近端处的增大工具的直接附接复杂化。
使用两个单独的元件,即,所述套管以及所述驱动器,其各自直接接合于所述螺钉的近端,可能在所述螺钉上精确地施加不同方向的力,使得所述螺钉可准确地定位于适当的位置。通过所述驱动器,可施加圆周方向的力以将所述螺钉拧入(或旋出用于外植)。通过所述套管,可将沿轴向或径向的力施加于所述螺钉。作为另一个优点,所述螺钉可由螺钉驱动器固定在适当的位置,并且将所述组织保护套管松开并从所述螺钉的近端移除。
可以理解,所述螺钉的近端处的连接的组合,即,用于与套管连接的所述外螺纹以及用于与驱动工具连接的内部接合部,也可适于操纵钉子,驱动螺钉或其它植入物。因此,所述的关于螺钉的所有方面也可适用于钉子,驱动螺钉或其它类型的植入物。
根据另一实施方式,所述套件还包括:由可流体化的材料制成的适于插入到所述螺钉的通孔内的聚合物销,以及包括用于使所述聚合物销的聚合物材料流体化的超声波发生器的增大工具,其中所述增大工具适于与所述螺钉的近端或所述组织保护套管的近端耦接,其中所述套管可定位在所述螺钉与所述增大工具之间。
注意,所述聚合物销的材料可以是生物相容的,其中生物相容材料可以是不负面影响人或动物组织的材料。
可生物相容的且可流体化的材料的示例可以是特别适用的金属合金,如钛或特种塑料,例如PEEK(聚醚醚酮),UHMWPE(超高分子量聚乙烯),PLA(聚乳酸),PLLA(聚左旋乳酸),PLDLA(L/DL聚乳酸),PDLLA(聚DL乳酸),PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)。
此外,可能有利的是,聚合物销的材料是生物可吸收的。一种可能的生物可吸收材料包括含有介于50%与90%之间的聚左旋丙交酯以及介于10%与50%之间的L/DL聚乳酸的共聚物。特别地,所述生物可吸收的材料可以是含有70重量百分比的聚左旋乳酸以及30重量百分比的L/DL聚乳酸的共聚物。优选地,所述生物可吸收材料可以形成为非晶态材料。
可以理解,在包括组织保护套管的套件中,所述增大工具的超声波发生器的长度以及所述螺钉驱动工具的长度将适于伸长。
在使用中,所述组织保护套管将与所述螺钉的近端耦接,所述螺钉驱动器的驱动端将在所述螺钉的近端处与内部工具接合部连接,而所述螺钉驱动器的轴至少部分定位在所述组织保护套管内部。现在,所述螺钉可以被引入或定位在目标对象中,即,所述螺钉可被拧入到骨头内。
在所述螺钉定位后,所述螺钉驱动器将从所述螺钉断开,所述聚合物销将通过所述组织保护套管插入到所述螺钉的通孔内,并且增大工具可与所述组织保护套管的近端耦接,其中所述增大工具的超声波发生器定位在所述组织保护套管的内部以及螺钉轴的内部,并与所述螺钉内的聚合物销接触。随后,通过对所述聚合物销的聚合物材料施加超声能量和/或力,所述聚合物材料将流体化或熔化以使所述材料可从位于所述螺钉的远端处的开口流出并流入骨头(或木头)的腔体内。
所述超声波发生器可适于在末端产生频率介于10kHz与50kHz之间的超声振动,优选地介于20kHz与30kHz之间,并且合适的振幅可处于介于1μm与100μm之间的范围内,优选地介于5μm与30μm之间。所述振动能够优选地在沿振动轴的方向和/或垂直于所述振动轴的方向上产生。
另外,应当通过所述超声波发生器对所述聚合物销施加一定的压力。首先,所述压力将确保所述振动将从所述超声波发生器可靠地传递到所述聚合物销。其次,所述压力会将所述销的熔化后的材料推出所述螺钉外。
当使用用于安装根据本发明的所述螺钉的套件时所执行的步骤的更详细的说明可连同下面的典型实施方式的详细说明一起随后给出。
必须注意,本发明的实施方式是参考不同的主题来说明的。特别地,一些实施方式是参考方法类型的权利要求来说明的,而其它实施方式是参考装置类型的权利要求来说明的,然而,本领域技术人员将从上述以及下文的说明中获悉:除非另外指出,否则除属于一种类型的主题的特征的任意组合之外,涉及不同主题的特征的任意组合也被认为由本申请公开。
本发明的上面限定的方面以及其它方面、特征以及优点也能够从在下文中将要说明的实施方式的示例中得出并参考实施方式的示例而得以解释,并且本发明不限于这些示例。
附图说明
现将通过参考附图的典型实施方式详细说明本发明。
图1至图6示出了说明用于安装根据本发明的螺钉的套件的使用的连续步骤;
图7示出了断裂件相对彼此的可能的调整;
图8是根据本发明的螺钉的侧视图以及剖视图;
图9是用于安装根据本发明的螺钉的经组装套件的侧视图以及放大剖视图;
图10是用于根据本发明的螺钉增大的经组装套件的侧视图以及剖视图。
注意,图中的示例仅是示意的而不是按比例的。在不同的图中,相似的元件具有相同的参考符号。
具体实施方式
图1至图6是示出了在用于安装根据本发明的螺钉的套件的使用中的不同步骤的示意图。
图1示出了包括第一外螺纹12以及第二外螺纹14的螺钉10。示出了在螺钉10的第二外螺纹14后小段距离的组织保护套管30。此外,由箭头A指示,所述组织保护套管可螺纹连接在第二外螺纹14上。即使箭头A指示右旋螺纹,左旋螺纹也可以是合适的。
因此,组织保护套管30的远端32设有与螺钉10的外螺纹14相对应的内螺纹。箭头B表示从所述组织保护套管到所述螺钉的力传递可能是沿轴向的。
使用与所述螺钉连接的组织保护套管30,可以将螺钉驱动器40的轴41插入组织保护套管30中以使螺钉驱动器40的接合部分42与螺钉10的内部接合部接合。此外,图2中图示了螺钉10与组织保护套管30的连接点处的构造。螺钉10包括在所述轴的近端处靠近第二外螺纹的轴环13。组织保护套管30在套管30的远端32处略微呈锥形。因此,螺钉10与组织保护套管30之间的连接可以是平滑的,这将较少引起组织刺激。
图3示出了借助于包括螺钉10、组织保护套管30以及螺钉驱动器40的组件,有可能将螺钉10插入或植入位于断裂处的骨头内。在这个示例中,所述螺钉植入到股骨内以固定股骨颈的骨折。通过箭头B以及箭头C所指示的是这样的可能性:同时地沿轴向挤压并绕螺钉的轴线转动以便容易地驱动螺钉10进入骨头内。
在图4中示出了已经将螺钉10插入到骨头内并且将螺钉驱动器从螺钉10移除且移出到组织保护套管30外的状态。如图4所示,聚合物销20可通过组织保护套管30插入到螺钉10内。此外,示出了包括带有末端53的超声波发生器52的增大工具50。超声波发生器52的长度尺寸设定成使得当聚合物销插入到螺钉10内时,超声波发生器52的末端53将与螺钉10内的聚合物销20的近端24接触并且增大工具50的外壳与组织保护套管30的近端34耦接。
图5中也图示了螺钉10、组织保护套管30以及增大工具50的组件。此外,在图5中示出了螺钉10的剖视图以使螺钉10内部的聚合物销20以及超声波发生器52可见。在另一细节图中,示出了聚合物销20和位于所述聚合物销的末端处的插入部22,其中插入部22提供在螺钉10内部的支撑,这时,通过超声波发生器52将超声波振动以及轴向力施加于所述聚合物销。所述超声波振动以及所述轴向力由图5中的箭头D表示。
为了给位于聚合物销20的远端处的插入部22提供适当的支撑,在所述螺钉的通孔的接近所述通孔的远端的螺钉内壁处形成台阶。
注意:从所述超声波发生器沿轴向施加到所述聚合物销的力的反力将是作用在所述组织保护套管上并且因此作用在所述螺钉的第二外螺纹上以及所述套管与所述增大工具的外壳之间的连接上的拉力。
通过将能量和/或力施加于所述聚合物销,聚合物销的材料将熔化或流体化使得熔化后的聚合物材料将通过径向开口流出螺钉10的末端部分而进入到骨头内。相应的,图6示出了这样的情形:其中,螺钉10插入到骨头内,螺钉10的末端通过聚合物材料增大并且所述增大工具以及所述组织保护套管已经从所述螺钉的近端移除。
图7示出了在植入所述螺钉即在对股骨颈的断裂进行固定期间的另一可能性。在将所述螺钉拧入到骨头内后,尤其是在骨质疏松的骨头中,也许可在进入皮层中的骨头的入口处枢转螺钉10以便相对于股骨颈以及股骨体正确定位股骨的连接头(例如从位置A到位置B)。图7中的POR表示转动的点。只要所述组织保护套管连接于所述螺钉的近端,这样的校正或运动就是可能的,因为可以紧握所述套管并且可以作用用于枢转的力(由箭头G表示)以及用于拉动的力(由箭头F表示)。
图8是根据本发明的一个实施方式的螺钉的图示。该图示包括侧视图,剖视图以及所述螺钉的近端的细节侧视图和细节剖视图。
如图8所示,根据本发明的螺钉10在其远端处可包括外螺纹12、径向开口17以及位于轴向通孔内的台阶16。可仅在柄部的端部加工外螺纹12,其中所述螺纹也可覆盖所述螺钉的柄部的全长。沿螺钉的纵向中心线设置由两个孔部组成的通孔。近端孔部具有第一直径而远端孔部具有第二直径,其中第一直径大于第二直径。近端孔部可形成通孔的主要部分。仅所述螺钉柄部的加工了螺纹12的少部分端部由远端孔部形成。从近端孔部到远端孔部的过渡由台阶16沿直径形成。沿直径的台阶16在螺钉内的通孔的壁部处形成具有大致直角边缘的环形脊。沿直径的台阶16的各边缘可加工为平的或圆的或圆锥形的。然而,所述台阶也可提供所述螺钉的闭合的远端。
另外,螺钉10以沿径向构造成穿过所述螺钉的壁的开口或孔17为特征。开口17可沿不同的方向构造,例如垂直于所述螺钉的纵向中心线并设在带有螺纹12的端部。优选地,开口17设在所述端部的还以近端孔部为特征的区域内。根据一个实施方式,两个开口17可构造成轴向并置于近端孔部并穿过螺纹12。此外,四对这样的开口可绕所述螺钉的圆周均匀地分布,换句话说,周向间隔90度。然而,很可能可以将三个,四个,五个或更多开口沿周向布置,并且周向分布的孔不必全部都处于相同水平。也就是,开口也可沿螺纹圈周向地布置。除此之外,可设置横向或纵向的椭圆形孔,槽等。
此外,沿直径的台阶16以及位于壁部内的开口17的位置能够沿纵向中心线任选地定位,因此可根据具体应用以及预期效果来决定增大部的位置。
同样如图8所示,所述螺钉在其近端处包括轴环13,该轴环13形成了从所述轴的外径到第二外螺纹14的外径的过渡或肩部。如上所述,外螺纹14加工成使得螺纹线的外边缘是圆形的或至少是不锐利的。由于所述螺钉的近端即轴环13以及外螺纹14将保持在所述螺钉植入其中的骨头的外面,所以这些元件应当形成为使得能够避免围绕螺钉的所述端部的组织的刺激或保障措施。外螺纹的长度可能仅有几毫米,刚好足以确保螺钉与组织保护套管之间的可靠连接。基于所述连接,可以传递沿轴向和/或径向的力。此外,伸出骨头外的端部应当尽可能短。
此外,所述螺钉包括位于其近端部中的内部的工具接合部18。内部的接合部18设置用于旋转力的传递。此外,通过借助于接合在所述内部的接合部中的螺钉驱动器来保持螺钉,可容易地从所述螺钉的外螺纹移除组织保护套管。所述内部的接合部的形状可以是与螺钉驱动器的相应的驱动端配合的星形或六角形。然而,所述形状也可以是任何合适的驱动连接,包括槽、十字、客户定制的或其它。仅有的限制是:螺钉内的轴向通孔将使内部的接合部的中心部分没有材料。
在图9中,示出了螺钉10、组织保护套管30以及螺钉驱动器40的组件。此外,细节图Z示出了上述三个元件的连接部分的剖视图。如所图示的,螺钉驱动器40的轴41以其驱动端42接合在所述螺钉的所述内部的接合部中,并且组织保护套管30以其位于远端处的螺纹与所述螺钉的近端处的外螺纹14接合。在放大视图Z中也能够看到,螺钉10的轴环13的外轮廓以及套管30的端部可设计成具有平滑的过渡。
在图10中,示出了螺钉10、组织保护套管30、带有插入部22的聚合物销20、以及类似超声机头的增大工具的超声波发生器52的组件。在将所述螺钉驱动器从所述套管中移除之后,可将聚合物销20穿过同样中空的组织保护套管30插入到螺钉10的中空轴内。在聚合物销20之后的近端是穿过套管30插入到所述螺钉的通孔内的超声波发生器。
应当注意,聚合物销20也可由其它材料制成,例如适于增大螺钉的热塑性材料,再吸收性材料以及非再吸收性材料都是可用的。此外,应当注意,所述的关于将螺钉植入到骨头内的技术并非仅限于所述说明。换句话说,所有能够由中空的螺钉提供的所有螺钉应用都有可能由根据本发明的套件以及螺钉提供。有利地,所述螺钉将被拧入其中的材料是多孔材料。此外,所谓的聚合物销的材料可具有粘附性,尤其在应用于非医学领域的情况下。
尽管已经在附图以及前述说明中详细图示并描述了本发明,但是这种图示以及描述应当认为是说明性的以及示例性的而不是限制性的;本发明不限于公开的实施方式。
从附图,公开内容,以及所附权利要求的研究中,公开的实施方式的其它变体能够由本领域技术人员在实践要求保护的本发明中理解并实现。在权利要求中,用语“包括”不排除其它元件或步骤,而不定冠词“一”或“一个”不排除多个。单一单元可以满足权利要求中记载的数个术语的功能。特定方法记载在相互不同的从属权利要求中的事实不表示这些方法的组合不能够得以有利应用。权利要求中的任何参考符号都不应当解释为对范围进行限制。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于对骨断裂进行固定的螺钉,包括:
轴,所述轴具有远端、近端以及中心轴线;
通孔,所述通孔沿所述轴的所述中心轴线延伸;
第一外螺纹,所述第一外螺纹位于所述轴的所述远端;
第二外螺纹,所述第二外螺纹位于所述轴的所述近端,其中所述第二外螺纹的外径大于所述轴的外径;以及
径向向外延伸的轴环,所述轴环一体形成在所述轴上并在所述轴的所述近端处邻近所述第二外螺纹,其中,所述轴环的与所述轴的所述远端相面对的表面的形状呈部分球形,以在所述轴环与所述骨的外表面接触时允许所述轴的枢转运动,所述轴环从所述轴的外径至所述第二外螺纹的外径形成平滑的过渡,并且所述轴环的最大直径大于所述轴的外径且大于所述第二外螺纹的外径;以及
内部的工具接合部,所述内部的工具接合部位于所述螺钉的近端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的螺钉,其中,所述内部的工具接合部形成为与六角形的或星形的螺钉驱动器配合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的螺钉,其中,邻近所述轴的所述远端形成沿所述通孔的内径的台阶,使得插入到所述轴的所述通孔内的聚合物销能够由所述台阶支撑。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的螺钉,其中,所述螺钉在所述螺钉的远端处还包括径向开口。
5.根据权利要求3所述的螺钉,其中,所述螺钉在所述螺钉的远端处还包括径向开口。
6.一种用于安装螺钉的系统,包括:
根据权利要求1到5中任一项所述的螺钉;
驱动工具,所述驱动工具适于与所述螺钉的所述内部的工具接合部接合;以及
中空的组织保护套管,所述组织保护套管适于与所述螺钉的所述第二外螺纹接合,并且适于部分地容纳所述驱动工具。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统,进一步包括:
聚合物销,所述聚合物销由可流体化的材料制成,并适于插入到所述螺钉的轴向的所述通孔内;以及
增大工具,所述增大工具包括用于使所述聚合物销的聚合物材料流体化的超声波发生器,其中,所述增大工具适于与所述组织保护套管的近端耦接。
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AU2010201014B2 (en) 2012-02-02
AU2010201014B8 (en) 2012-04-05
US20100256688A1 (en) 2010-10-07
CA2696539C (en) 2013-01-29
EP2236101A1 (en) 2010-10-06
CA2696539A1 (en) 2010-10-03
AU2010201014A1 (en) 2010-10-21
US9668798B2 (en) 2017-06-06
ES2547500T3 (es) 2015-10-06
JP5208988B2 (ja) 2013-06-12
EP2236101B1 (en) 2015-07-08
JP2010240396A (ja) 2010-10-28
CN101897616A (zh) 2010-12-01
US20140114362A1 (en) 2014-04-24

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