CN101892414A - Method for producing alloy steel by directly utilizing low-grade nickel-chromium commensal iron ore - Google Patents
Method for producing alloy steel by directly utilizing low-grade nickel-chromium commensal iron ore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing alloy steel by directly utilizing low-grade nickel-chromium commensal iron ore. In the method, the low-grade nickel-chromium commensal iron ore comprising 0.5 to 2.5 percent of Ni, 0.5 to 4 percent of Cr and 5 to 60 percent of TFe is taken as a raw material and is added with a desulfurizer, and the nickel, chromium and iron in the ore are metalized into nickel-chronium alloy iron blocks in a pot-type furnace by non-coking metallurgy technology of heating and directly reducing by mill coal, coal gas or natural gas; and the nickel-chronium alloy iron blocks are processed in various modes to form the high-quality alloy steel. The method for producing the alloy steel by directly utilizing the low-grade nickel-chromium commensal iron ore is a new process for producing multiple kinds of alloy steel by directly utilizing the commensal iron ore comprising 0.5 to 2.5 percent of Ni, 0.5 to 4 percent of Cr and 5 to 60 percent of TFe, and has the advantages of short flow, low energy and material consumption, reduction of production line project investment and production cost, and improvement of economic and social benefits of enterprises.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the steel alloy smelting process, particularly a kind of method of directly utilizing low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce steel alloy.
Background technology
Nickel, chromium are the requisite alloy additions of alloy steel grade such as smelting stainless steel, high temperature steel.Different according to ore kind, grade and customer requirements, the metallurgy of nickel product has sintering oxidation nickel, the ferronickel of electric nickel, nickel rondelle, nickel block, nickel ingot, nickel powder of pure nickel class etc. and non-pure nickel class usually; Chromium has products such as chromium metal, extra low carbon ferrochromium, low carbon ferrochromium, medium carbon ferrochrome, high carbon ferro-chrome.
But nickel, chrome ore grade are generally lower, and domestic shortage of resources, need a large amount of imports; The traditional processing technology long flow path of metallic nickel, chromium, construction investment is big, production cost is high.Thereby alloy addition prices such as metallic nickel, chromium are high, more and more become the important factor of the excellent special steel quality of production of influence, output, kind, benefit.
Most of in fact alloy steel capital is to contain a small amount of or elements such as micro-nickel, chromium, not necessarily uses pure nickel, chromium goods.For example modal 18-8 type stainless steel, high temperature steel contain Cr17～19%, Ni8～10%; CrNi steel in the structural alloy steel, it is many 0.45～1.65% to contain Cr, Ni1.0～3.65%; Low-alloy high-tensile structural steel, Cr0.30～0.70%, Ni0.7%.These steel grades fully can be directly with in the nickel oxide, the alloy iron smelted of lean ore or low ore grade nickel, chromium symbiotic iron ore makees base-material, do not add or add less nickel, chromium and other alloy smeltings, low-grade multielement symbiotic iron ore precious resources such as nickel chromium triangle had both effectively been utilized, also can reduce the special steel production cost significantly, improve the special steel enterprise competitiveness because of shortening flow process.
At present most of laterite nickel content has only about 1% on the earth, some in addition have only 0.3～0.7%, and not easy-to-use general beneficiation method enrichment; Iron level is between 30～56%, and iron nickel is than big what 10.This ore deposit is difficult to smelt the ferronickel of nickel content more than 4%, but as the raw material of producing the Ni and Cr contained steel alloy, can bring into play its resources advantage just.
One of current main method with the laterite smelting ferronickel is a blast furnace process, this method energy consumption height, seriously polluted, and must be main energy sources with the coke.Coke is mainly with the coking coal refining, but coking coal resource is few, it is big to consume, and coking production is seriously polluted, and thoroughly control expense is huge.Therefore developed country has stopped building blast furnace and coke oven mostly, and emphasis on development directly reduces, the non-burnt iron-smelting process of melting and reducing and short flow process electric furnace steel mill.
Summary of the invention
For remedying above-mentioned deficiency, the invention provides a kind of feature of utilizing this type of low-grade mineral intergrowth, directly obtain the method that the low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore of directly utilizing of alloy steel material is produced steel alloy by non-burnt metallurgy and other conventional metallurgical means.
The present invention directly utilizes low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce the method for steel alloy, is specially:
1) selecting the low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore of Ni0.5～2.5%, Cr0.5～4%, TFe5～60% for use is raw material;
Add sweetening agent;
In pot furnace with non-coking coal, coal gas or Sweet natural gas heating and the non-burnt metallurgical technology of reductive, with the nichrome iron block that metallizes more than 90% of nickel, chromium, iron in the ore;
2) the direct-reduced iron nichrome iron block of non-burnt metallurgical production directly adds in electric furnace or the converter, further is smelted into alloy hot metal;
3) alloy hot metal again through thick refining, concise, cast, be rolled into superior alloy steel.
The present invention directly utilizes low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce the method for steel alloy, and wherein: described step 2 can substitute with following step:
1) the direct-reduced iron nichrome iron block of non-burnt metallurgical production is through cooling, pulverizing, magnetic separation, and with nickel, chromium, iron enrichment, weight becomes enriching nickel Chrome metal powder iron block again;
2) enriching nickel Chrome metal powder iron block is inserted hot stove in ore deposit or blast furnace further moltenly divide, enrichment becomes alloy hot metal;
3) cast nichrome ingot iron, as the additive of smelting the higher steel alloy of nichrome content than higher-grade.
The present invention directly utilizes low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce the method for steel alloy, and wherein: described step 3 can substitute with following steps:
1) directly alloy hot metal is delivered to molten iron external refining stove or steel melting furnace, smelted nickel, the higher cleaning cast alloy iron of chromium content.
The present invention directly utilizes low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce the method for steel alloy, wherein: the described pot furnace device of described pot furnace comprises retort preheating section and retort reduction section, the retort preheating section is perpendicular a jar that Φ 250～350 high temperature steel combs or rectangle high temperature steel, refractory materials are constructed, and the retort reduction section is wide 300～500mm of building by laying bricks or stones with silicon carbide or other refractory brick, long-width ratio greater than 3, perpendicular jar of high 6～12 meters high rectangles.
The present invention directly utilizes low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce the method for steel alloy, wherein: described electric furnace comprises the hot stove in ore deposit, electric arc furnace and induction furnace, described converter comprises the converter of top blast type, the converter of top and bottom complex blowing type and the converter of side-blown type, in batches big, alloy content is low use converter, batch is little, alloy content is higher uses electric furnace.
The present invention directly utilizes low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce the method for steel alloy, wherein: the liquid steel refining stove is used for carrying out refining through steel melting furnace fusing and the preliminary alloy molten steel of smelting, not adding or add less alloy and be adjusted to branch, mainly is to smelt the degassing that excellent special steel needs, remove operations such as being mingled with, accurately adjusting alloying constituent.According to end-use and performance, select equipment such as LF stove, AOD stove, VOD stove respectively for use.
The present invention directly utilizes low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce the method for steel alloy, and wherein: described magnetic separation and the isolated impurity of fusing mainly are oxide compounds such as silicon, aluminium, magnesium, calcium, collect as other industry supplementary materials.
The present invention directly utilizes low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce the method for steel alloy, wherein: described external refining is carried out on equipment such as torpedo tank car, hot metal ladle or LF stove, adjust alloy composition and temperature according to end-use, material requirements, produce the cleaning alloy iron casting.
The present invention directly utilizes low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce the method for steel alloy, it is the symbiotic iron ore that directly uses Ni0.5～2.5%, Cr0.5～4%, TFe5～60%, produce the novel process of various nickel-chrome alloy steels, flow process is short, the energy consumption material consumption is low, reduce production line construction investment and production cost, improved the economic and social benefit of enterprise.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention directly utilizes low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce the process flow sheet of the method for steel alloy;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention directly utilizes low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce the synoptic diagram of pot furnace in the method for steel alloy.
Embodiment
Directly utilize low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce the method for steel alloy for further setting forth the present invention, do more detailed explanation below in conjunction with embodiment.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention directly utilizes low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce the synoptic diagram of pot furnace in the method for steel alloy, and this is that the present invention directly utilizes low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce the key equipment of the method for steel alloy.
Pot furnace comprises perpendicular jar of 1 group of above reaction, the perpendicular jar of every group reaction comprises preheating section 3 and the reduction section 4 that connects up and down, the retort preheating section is perpendicular a jar that Φ 250～350 high temperature steel combs or rectangle high temperature steel, refractory materials are constructed, and the retort reduction section is wide 300～500mm of building by laying bricks or stones with silicon carbide or other refractory brick, long-width ratio greater than 3, perpendicular jar of high 6～12 meters high rectangles.
Body of heater maintains static, and furnace charge falls, passes through control discharge velocity by deadweight with mechanical lifting behind the hopper of top, and the control furnace charge is in the physicochemical change process of reaction chamber.
Well-designed 6～12 layers of horizontal labyrinth type quirk force high-temperature flue gas along its level run, are raised to last layer again behind the end to move on, and enter flue outside drain tank.This quirk structure is convenient to heat energy and is made full use of, and temperature is even in perpendicular jar, can also play the effect of strengthening tank skin intensity.
Pot furnace is the shaft furnace of a kind of inside and outside Hybrid Heating, coal gas recycle, reducing atmosphere, jar outer quirk oxidizing atmosphere in perpendicular jar, trailing edge reduction in furnace charge limit in jar, high-temperature furnace gas then limit rising edge heats, reduces furnace charge, borrow negative pressure to draw, in burner, spray into the quirk burning to throat with air mixed, the heat that provides jar interior direct-reduced iron process need to replenish, insufficient section is provided by coke oven or producer gas system.The dry distillation of coal or be pressed into coal gas by the outside and in uphill process, be heated, take place redox reaction with the decline furnace charge.Rise to CO and H behind the reaction chamber top
2Dividing potential drop reduces, and reductibility weakens, and utilizes its sensible heat to charge preheating, and then introduces a jar outer quirk combustion heating supply response jar.Hot flue gas quirk outside jar also is from the bottom to top, heat preheating section again after the reacting by heating jar, be used for heating combustion air or furnace charge after coming out of the stove again, the chemical energy of coal gas and heat energy can both be fully used, and simple and reliable for structure, construction investment is few, production cost is low.
Pot furnace uses the nickel oxide ore of Ni＞0.5%, Cr1～4%, TFe20～50% to be raw material, and 800～1000 ℃ of directly reduction are reduced the Ni major part, and Cr, Fe partly are reduced, and generate metallization nichrome iron block (abbreviating DRI as).
The nichrome iron block that generates can adopt several different methods to reprocess (see figure 1), the first:
The iron-nickel-chromium iron block directly adds in electric furnace or the converter, further is smelted into alloy hot metal, alloy hot metal again through thick refining, concise, cast, be rolled into superior alloy steel.
Electric furnace comprises the hot stove in ore deposit, electric arc furnace and induction furnace, and converter comprises the converter of top blast type, the converter of top and bottom complex blowing type and the converter of side-blown type, and is in batches big, alloy content is low use converter, and batch is little, alloy content is higher uses electric furnace.
The liquid steel refining stove is used for carrying out refining through steel melting furnace fusing and the preliminary alloy molten steel of smelting, do not add or add less alloy and be adjusted to branch, mainly be to smelt the degassing that excellent special steel needs, remove operations such as being mingled with, accurately adjusting alloying constituent, can select LF stove, AOD stove, VOD stove respectively for use.
It two is:
1) the iron-nickel-chromium iron block is through cooling, pulverizing, magnetic separation, and with nickel, chromium, iron enrichment, weight becomes enriching nickel Chrome metal powder iron block again;
2) enriching nickel Chrome metal powder iron block is inserted hot stove in ore deposit or blast furnace further moltenly divide, enrichment becomes alloy hot metal;
3) casting nichrome ingot iron than higher-grade, as additive magnetic separation of smelting the higher steel alloy of nichrome content and the isolated impurity of fusing, mainly is oxide compounds such as silicon, aluminium, magnesium, calcium, collects as other industry supplementary materials.
It three is:
1) the iron-nickel-chromium iron block is through cooling, pulverizing, magnetic separation, and with nickel, chromium, iron enrichment, weight becomes enriching nickel Chrome metal powder iron block again;
2) enriching nickel Chrome metal powder iron block is inserted hot stove in ore deposit or blast furnace further moltenly divide, enrichment becomes alloy hot metal;
3) directly alloy hot metal is delivered to molten iron external refining stove or steel melting furnace, smelted nickel, the higher cleaning cast alloy iron of chromium content.
Magnetic separation and the isolated impurity of fusing mainly are oxide compounds such as silicon, aluminium, magnesium, calcium, collect as other industry supplementary materials.External refining is carried out on equipment such as torpedo tank car, hot metal ladle or LF stove, adjusts alloy composition and temperature according to end-use, material requirements, produces the cleaning alloy iron casting.
Claims (8)
1. method of directly utilizing low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce steel alloy is characterized in that:
1) selecting the low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore of Ni0.5～2.5%, Cr0.5～4%, TFe5～60% for use is raw material;
Add sweetening agent;
Heat and the non-burnt metallurgical technology of reductive with non-coking coal, coal gas or Sweet natural gas in pot furnace, nickel, chromium, iron in the ore are metallized more than 90% generates the nichrome iron block;
2) the direct-reduced iron nichrome iron block of non-burnt metallurgical production directly adds in electric furnace or the converter, further is smelted into alloy hot metal;
3) alloy hot metal again through thick refining, concise, cast, be rolled into superior alloy steel.
2. the method for directly utilizing low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce steel alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described step 2 can substitute with following step:
1) the direct-reduced iron nichrome iron block of non-burnt metallurgical production is through cooling, pulverizing, magnetic separation, and with nickel, chromium, iron enrichment, weight becomes enriching nickel Chrome metal powder iron block again;
2) enriching nickel Chrome metal powder iron block is inserted hot stove in ore deposit or blast furnace further moltenly divide, enrichment becomes alloy hot metal;
3) cast nichrome ingot iron, as the additive of smelting the higher steel alloy of nichrome content than higher-grade.
3. the method for directly utilizing low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce steel alloy according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described step 3 can substitute with following steps:
1) directly alloy hot metal is delivered to molten iron external refining stove or steel melting furnace, smelted nickel, the higher cleaning cast alloy iron of chromium content.
4. the method for directly utilizing low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce steel alloy according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the described pot furnace device of described pot furnace comprises retort preheating section and retort reduction section, the retort preheating section is perpendicular a jar that Φ 250～350 high temperature steel combs or rectangle high temperature steel, refractory materials are constructed, and the retort reduction section is wide 300～500mm of building by laying bricks or stones with silicon carbide or other refractory brick, long-width ratio greater than 3, perpendicular jar of high 6～12 meters high rectangles.
5. the method for directly utilizing low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce steel alloy according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described electric furnace comprises the hot stove in ore deposit, electric arc furnace and induction furnace, described converter comprises the converter of top blast type, the converter of top and bottom complex blowing type and the converter of side-blown type, in batches big, alloy content is low use converter, batch is little, alloy content is higher uses electric furnace.
6. the method for directly utilizing low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce steel alloy according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the liquid steel refining stove is used for carrying out refining through steel melting furnace fusing and the preliminary alloy molten steel of smelting, do not add or add less alloy and be adjusted to branch, mainly be to smelt the degassing that excellent special steel needs, remove operations such as being mingled with, accurately adjusting alloying constituent, can select LF stove, AOD stove, VOD stove respectively for use.
7. the method for directly utilizing low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce steel alloy according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described magnetic separation and the isolated impurity of fusing mainly are oxide compounds such as silicon, aluminium, magnesium, calcium, collect as other industry supplementary materials.
8. the method for directly utilizing low-grade nickel chromium triangle symbiotic iron ore to produce steel alloy according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described external refining is carried out on equipment such as torpedo tank car, hot metal ladle or LF stove, adjust alloy composition and temperature according to end-use, material requirements, produce the cleaning alloy iron casting.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102492831A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-06-13 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Recovery method for ferruginous accompaniments containing chromium and nickel |
| CN103882277A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-06-25 | 安阳红岩铁合金有限公司 | Process for refining nickel-chrome alloy through oxygen-enriched top and bottom double-blowing two-step method |
| CN110079683A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-08-02 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of method of roasting of lateritic nickel ore pelletizing |
-
2009
- 2009-05-18 CN CN2009101428415A patent/CN101892414A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102492831A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-06-13 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Recovery method for ferruginous accompaniments containing chromium and nickel |
| CN102492831B (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-12-11 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Recovery method for ferruginous accompaniments containing chromium and nickel |
| CN103882277A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-06-25 | 安阳红岩铁合金有限公司 | Process for refining nickel-chrome alloy through oxygen-enriched top and bottom double-blowing two-step method |
| CN110079683A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-08-02 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of method of roasting of lateritic nickel ore pelletizing |
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Open date: 20101124 |