CN1018880B - 含有零序电流检测电路的固态跳闸装置 - Google Patents
含有零序电流检测电路的固态跳闸装置Info
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Abstract
含有零序电流检测电路的固态跳闸装置从与各相和中性线(如果有的话)相连的电流互感器(16)获得表示零序电流的信号,它是通过在两条不同导线(J,K)上将一组电流互感器产生的正半波电流和负半波电流(绝对值)分别求和,则流过两条导线的电流差表示零序电流。
Description
本发明涉及一种用来保护交流供电系统的多极断路器的固态跳闸装置,它包括:
一个每极电流传感器,它产生一个与流过供电系统联络线路电流成比例的信号,该系统是由断路器保护的。
一个检测和整流电路,上述信号施加于该电路,一方面它代表流过被保护线路的电流,另一方面如果发生绝缘故障则提供一个零序信号。
一个电子处理单元,来自检测和整流电路的输出信号施加于该单元,当代表流过线路的电流信号或零序信号超过预置定值时,该单元执行延时的和/或瞬时的跳闸操作并传送带有或不带有时间延迟的断路器跳闸命令。
在现有技术中的固态跳闸装置,一个电流互感器连接到被保护的供电系统的每一线路上,所传递的信号被送到全波整流桥,整流后的信号由电子处理单元用以实现长延时,短延时和/或瞬时跳闸装置功能。一个接地故障,一般来说,或者由一个附加的,总加求和的电流互感器来检测,它的初级线圈由被保护的供电系统的一组线路构成,它的次级线圈当流过初级线圈的电流和不为零时提供一个接地故障信号;或者利用测量电阻的方式测得,该电阻连接在与各条线路相连的各电流互感器的每个次级线圈的公共端上。
本发明的目的是获得一个固态跳闸装置,它包括一个新的、特别
简单的检测接地故障的装置。
根据本发明,固态跳闸装置的特点在于检测和整流电路包括:第一整流电路,产生一个第一信号,代表来自这组电流传感器的输出信号的正半波之和;第二整流电路,产生一个第二信号,其绝对值代表来自这组电流传感器的输出信号负半波之和;以及,产生第一和第二总和信号之差的电路,从而产生上述零序信号。
根据较佳实施例,检测和整流电路包括一组与每个电流传感器连接的二极管,每组包括串联联接的第一和第二二极管并且其公共端连接到与相关连的电流传感器的第一输出端,第三和第四二极管被串联连接并且其公共端连到与相关连的电流传感器的第二输出端上,第二和第四二极管阳极相连并且它们的公共端连接到构成检测和整流电路负输出电位的第一导线上,不同组的第一二极管的阴极被连到第二导线上,不同组的第三二极管的阴极被连到与第二导线不同的第三导线上,该检测和整流电路还包括产生流过第二和第三导线分别构成上述第一和第二求和后的信号的电流差的电路,从而产生上述零序信号。
通过在每组的第二和第四二极管阳极的公共端和第一导线之间插入一个测量电阻,可以获得每相以及中性线的独立全波整流。这样,该测量电阻的端电压就代表了相或中性线的电流。
其它优点及特征将通过下述对本发明的说明性的实施例变得更显而易见,在此仅给出一个非限制性例子,并在附图中显示,其中:
图1是一个固态跳闸装置的框图。
图2是根据图1的跳闸装置的检测和整流电路的较佳实施例。
图3和4表示运用本发明的原理在三相无中性线断路器中获得的
波形图。
在图1中,断路器10保护三相加中性线的R.S.T、N交流电流供电系统,它由操作机构12操纵,该操作机构由极化继电器14控制,从而在过载,短路或接地故障发生时使断路器跳闸。
流过每条线路的电流强度由电流互感器16R、16S、16T或16N测量。电流互感器的次级线圈(同一方向)都连到检测和整流电路,它提供表示相、地以及接地故障电流的信号并在具有动力系统跳闸装置下提供电压给跳闸装置的电子处理系统单元20。在现有技术方式下,当预置定值被超过时,电子处理单元20执行长延迟、短延迟或瞬时跳闸功能,发出断路器跳闸命令,这样产生的跳闸命令提供给极化继电器14来操纵断路器。
本技术领域这种处理单元是人所共知的,例如美国专利4,571,659的模拟型以及美国专利申请4,710,845的基于微处理机的数字型。
电子处理单元20还根据电路18提供给它的零序电流测量信号,实现对供电系统接地故障的保护。如果在供电系统中不存在绝缘故障,零序电流为零,在供电系统的有源导线R.S.T.N和地或大地之间有绝缘故障产生时会导致剩余或零序电流由电路18检测出。当测量信号超过预置定值时,该电子处理单元20利用这个零序测量信号以技术上熟悉的方式使断路器瞬时或延时跳闸。
图2更加细致地表示图1的固态跳闸装置的检测和整流电路的具体实施例来实现本发明的构思。
对于四极跳闸装置,电路18包括四组二极管,分别与电流互感器16R,16S,16T和16N的次级线圈相连。
由于这四组都是相同的,仅其中之一将被详细描述,根据相关的组是否与线路R.S.T.或N相连,在图2中采用与字母R.S.T.或N相同标号结尾。在每一组中,次级线圈16的一端与二极管22的阳极以及二极管24的阴极相连,而线圈16的另一端连接二极管26的阳极和二极管28的阴极。
所有二极管22(22R.22S.22T,22N)的阴极连接到同一根导线J,而所有二极管26(26R.26S,26T,26N)的阴极都连到同一根导线K。二极管24N和28N的阳极连到一起并且它们的公共端连到导线30上构成电路18的负输出电位。
在图中所示的较佳实施例中,二极管24N和28N到导线30的连接是通过一个测量电阻R1实现的。与此相类似二极管24R和28R,24S和28S,或24T和28T的阳极公共端分别通过测量电阻R2,R3或R4连接到导线30上。由于这样布局,流过电阻R1至R4的电流分别对应于相连接的电流互感器的全波整流电流。电阻R1至R4是低阻值的精确测量电阻(几个欧姆)。它们这些具有相同阻值的电阻将测量得的电流信号转变成电压信号。这些电压信号,对于导线30的电位为负值,并在每一相构成独立测量信号,由电子处理单元20以公知的方式用来提供跳闸装置的长延迟,短延迟和瞬时功能。虽然所示的实施例特别简单,但本发明并不局限于这个实施例,而代表流过线路(R.S.T.N)的电流可以任何现有技术的方法获得。
根据本发明,导线J和K是不同的,这样流过导线J的电流Ij对应于由电流互感器16测得电流的正半周之和,而流过导线K的电
流Ik其绝对值对应于测得的电流负半周之和。电流Ij和Ik之差Ih可被认为是供电系统零序电流的象征。导线J和K通过具有相同阻值的电阻R5和R6分别连到导线30上。这样,在导线J和K之间存在的电压差Vh就代表了零序电流。
在图2所示的特殊实施例中,电压Vh施加于差动放大器的两端,该差动放大器输出端在线路36上提供一个测量电压,处理单元20采用该电压,当接地故障发生时,进行断路器跳闸。正如图中所示,导线J通过电阻R7连到运算放大器34的反向输入端,而导线K通过与R7有相同阻值的电阻R8连到放大器的正向输入端,正向输入端通过电阻R10连到导线30。一个与R10具有相同阻值的反馈电阻R9置于放大器的反相输入端和输出端之间。因此,在导线30和36之间可以得到一个正比于Vh并且代表被保护供电系统的零序电流的电压。
在所示的较佳实施例中,电阻R5和R6的公共端通过齐纳二极管ZD与导线30连接,以这种方式,在导线30和与上述公共端相连的导线32之间在有源系统的情况下提供一个电源电压给跳闸装置。插入这个二极管ZD对测量电压Vh没有影响。实际上,如果V是齐纳二极管ZD的端电压,则电压Vh由下式给出:
Vh=IjR6+V-(IKR5+V)=IjR6-IkR5
对于R5=R6,我们实际上可获得Vh=R5(Ij-IK)
在图2所示的较佳实施例中,跳闸装置包括两个试验端子42,44,它和用来施加人为直流故障电流的外部故障模拟器(未示出)
相连,可以进行跳闸装置的试操作。第一试验端子42连接到二极管组之一26和28的公共端,在图中是26T和28T,而第二试验端44连接到二极管38和40的公共端之间,此两个二极管在导线J和相关的二极管28(即在图中为28T)的阳极间串联。
为试操作跳闸装置的过流保护功能,外部故障模拟器连接在试验端子42和44之间,其正极施加于端子44,负极施加于端子42。当故障模拟器向跳闸装置施加直流试验电流时,该电流从端子44,流过二极管38、导线J。电阻R6.齐纳二极管ZD、电阻R4以及二极管28T,并从端子42输出。测量电阻R4的端电压用来检查电子处理单元20的正确操作,特别是各不相同的长延迟,短延迟和瞬时跳闸功能。如果一个电流流过导线J而没有电流流过导线K,则一个正电压差施加于运算放大器34的输入,导致在导线36上有一个负电压输出。由于在单元20中接地故障的跳闸定值是一个正值,这个负电压不会引起接地故障功能动作。
为了试验跳闸装置的接地故障保护功能,将试验电流施加的方向颠倒,故障模拟器的正极施加于端42,而其负极施加于端44。直流试验电流从端42流出经过二极管26T,导线K,电阻R5,齐纳二极管ZD,电阻R4和二极管40并在端点44输出。流过导线J和K的电流不平衡在放大器34的端点上产生负电压差,导致导线36上的正电压信号。这个信号可以使单元20的接地故障保护定值和时间延迟受到试验。在这种情况下,试验电流强度处于接地故障跳闸电路的灵敏度和对应于断路器额定电流的象征电流之间。用这种方式,流过测量电阻R4的试验电流对单元20没有影响,电阻R4的端电压保持低于单元20的长延迟跳闸定值。因此,通过简单地改变
模拟器的极性来颠倒试验电流的流动方向,可以用一对试验端子检验跳闸装置的接地故障保护和过流保护功能。
试验电流必须只流过导线J或K之一,从而产生一个不平衡,使跳闸装置接地故障操作功能受到试验。很显然,除了在图中所表示的装置外,这还可以由其它装置来实现。作为一个例子,第一试验端可以连接到一组二极管22和24的公共端,而另一试验端连接到在导线K和二极管24的阳极间串联连接的两个二极管的公共端。
尽管本发明运用于三相加中性线供电系统中已在图1和2中显示,很明显,其应用并不限于这种供电系统。相反,它可以用同样的方式运用于两极断路器(包括一相和中性线)或三极断路器(无中性线)。
图3和4作为例子表示在三极断路器中获得的波形。在图中画出了三相电流I1,I2和I3,由正半周之和构成的电流Ij,负半周绝对值之和构成的电流IK以及等于Ij和IK之差的零序电流Ih。
在图3的情况下,I1=14A,I2=I3=10A;而在图4情况下I1=14A、I2=7A以及I3=10A。
Claims (7)
1、一个用来保护交流供电系统的多极电路断路器的固态跳闸装置包括:
一个每极电流传感器(16R,16S,16T,16N),它产生一个与流过供电系统联络导线(R,S,T,N)的电流成比例的信号,该供电系统由断路器保护;
一个检测和整流电路(18),上述信号被施加于该电路,一方面提供代表流过被保护导线(R,S,T,N)的电流的信号,另一方面,如果发生绝缘故障,则提供零序电流信号;
一个电子处理单元(20),来自检测和整流电路(18)的输出信号施加于该单元以执行延迟和/或瞬时跳闸功能,当代表流过线路电流的信号或零序信号超过预置定值时,发出一个带有或不带有时间延迟的断路器跳闸命令,其特征在于检测和整流电路(18)包括:第一整流装置(22,28,J)它产生一个表示来自电流传感器组(16)的输出信号的正半波之和的第一信号;第二整流装置(26,24,K),它产生表示来自电流传感器组(16)的输出信号的负半波绝对值之和的第二信号,以及产生第一和第二求和后信号之差从而产生上述零序电流的装置。
2、根据权利要求1的跳闸装置,其特征在于检测和整流电路(18)包括与每一电流传感器相连的一组二极管(22,24,26,28),每组包括串联连接的第一(22)和第二(24)二极管,其公共端连接到相关连的电流传感器的第一输出端;串联连结的第三(26)和第四(28)二极管,其公共端连接相关连的电流传感器的第二输出端,第二和第四二极管的阳极相连,它们的公共端连接到第一导线30,构成检测和整流电路(18)的负极输出电位,不同组的第一二极管(22R,22S,22T,22N)的阴极一起连接第二导线(J),不同组的第三二极管(26R,26S26T,26N)一起连到第三导线(K),该导线与第二导线不同,部件(R5,R6)产生流过第二导线(J)和第三导线(K)的电流之差,分别构成上述第一和第二求和后信号以产生上述零序信号。
3、根据权利要求2的跳闸装置,其特征在于上述差值产生装置包括具有相同阻值的第一(R6)和第二(R5)电阻,它们分别将第二导线(J)和第三导线(K)连接到第一导线30上,第二和第三导线之间的电压差代表供电系统的零序电流。
4、根据权利要求3的跳闸装置,其特征在于一个差动放大器(34,R7到R10)被连到第二和第三导线(J,K)之间,这样在输出端提供上述零序电流信号。
5、根据权利要求3所述的跳闸装置,其特征在于第一(R6)和第二(R5)电阻通过齐纳二极管(ZD)连到第一导线30上,齐纳二极管的端电压给电子处理单元(20)提供电源电压。
6、根据权利要求2所述的跳闸装置,其特征在于,与电流传感器相连的每一组二极管(22,24,26,28)中,第二(24)和第四(28)二极管的阳极公共点通过测量电阻(R1到R4)与第一导线(30)相连,上述测量电阻的端电压构成代表流过与上述电流传感器相联的导线的电流的信号,并施加于电子处理单元(20)。
7、根据权利要求2的跳闸装置,包括两个试验端子(42,44),一个可以提供人为直流故障电流的故障模拟器连于其上,用来进行跳闸装置操作试验,其特征在于试验端子(42,44)分别连到第二和第三导线(J,K)上,这样施加于上述两端子之间的直流电流只流过上述导线之一,从而使跳闸装置接地故障操作能够动作。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR8703291 | 1987-03-09 | ||
FR8703291A FR2612347B1 (fr) | 1987-03-09 | 1987-03-09 | Declencheur statique comportant un circuit de detection d'un courant homopolaire |
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CN88101164A CN88101164A (zh) | 1988-09-21 |
CN1018880B true CN1018880B (zh) | 1992-10-28 |
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Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4899246A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0283358B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2633284B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1018880B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1301904C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3866386D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2028309T3 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2612347B1 (zh) |
IN (1) | IN170681B (zh) |
YU (1) | YU47117B (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA881599B (zh) |
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DE2611178C3 (de) * | 1976-03-17 | 1978-12-21 | Hartmann & Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Abhängiges elektronisches Überstromzeitrelais |
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JPS54108248A (en) * | 1978-02-13 | 1979-08-24 | Toshiba Corp | Static type trip device |
FR2479556A1 (fr) * | 1980-03-31 | 1981-10-02 | Merlin Gerin | Declencheur statique perfectionne pour disjoncteur electrique |
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FR2530089A1 (fr) * | 1982-07-12 | 1984-01-13 | Merlin Gerin | Declencheur electronique analogique pour disjoncteur de protection contre les surintensites d'un reseau a courant alternatif |
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-
1987
- 1987-03-09 FR FR8703291A patent/FR2612347B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-02-23 EP EP88400420A patent/EP0283358B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-23 ES ES198888400420T patent/ES2028309T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-23 DE DE8888400420T patent/DE3866386D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-01 JP JP63048523A patent/JP2633284B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-01 US US07/162,592 patent/US4899246A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-01 IN IN132/MAS/88A patent/IN170681B/en unknown
- 1988-03-02 CA CA000560325A patent/CA1301904C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-06 CN CN88101164A patent/CN1018880B/zh not_active Expired
- 1988-03-07 ZA ZA881599A patent/ZA881599B/xx unknown
- 1988-03-07 YU YU45088A patent/YU47117B/sh unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2028309T3 (es) | 1992-07-01 |
JPS63228914A (ja) | 1988-09-22 |
CN88101164A (zh) | 1988-09-21 |
ZA881599B (en) | 1988-08-30 |
DE3866386D1 (de) | 1992-01-09 |
YU45088A (en) | 1991-02-28 |
FR2612347B1 (fr) | 1989-05-26 |
CA1301904C (en) | 1992-05-26 |
EP0283358A1 (fr) | 1988-09-21 |
EP0283358B1 (fr) | 1991-11-27 |
IN170681B (zh) | 1992-05-02 |
FR2612347A1 (fr) | 1988-09-16 |
JP2633284B2 (ja) | 1997-07-23 |
US4899246A (en) | 1990-02-06 |
YU47117B (sh) | 1994-12-28 |
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