CN101871908B - Arbitrary function waveform voltammeter - Google Patents
Arbitrary function waveform voltammeter Download PDFInfo
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- CN101871908B CN101871908B CN 201010204654 CN201010204654A CN101871908B CN 101871908 B CN101871908 B CN 101871908B CN 201010204654 CN201010204654 CN 201010204654 CN 201010204654 A CN201010204654 A CN 201010204654A CN 101871908 B CN101871908 B CN 101871908B
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- fpga
- dac
- voltammeter
- potentiostat
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Abstract
The invention relates to an arbitrary function waveform voltammeter which is composed of a digital circuit, a digital-to-analog converter ADC/DAC and a potentiostat, wherein, the potentiostat adopts a USB2.0-FPGA-AD/DA pipeline structure; the digital circuit is formed by a single-chip microprocessor MCU provided with a USB2.0 interface matched with a FPGA; one end of the single-chip microprocessor MCU is connected with a computer through a USB, and the other end thereof is connected with the FPGA to carry out real-time data transmission; the other end of the FPGA is connected with the digital-to-analog converter ADC/DAC so as to realize direct control of an analog signal; and the other end of the digital-to-analog converter ADC/DAC is connected with the potentiostat. In the invention, generation and collection of a potential/current signal are completely and directly controlled by an upper computer, and a lower computer only takes charge of establishment of data communication between the ADC/DA and the upper computer; and the arbitrary function waveform voltammeter solves the problems of the traditional voltammeter such as large program development difficulty of the lower computer, difficult upgrade, limited hardware resource and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrochemical analytical instrument, specifically refer to a kind ofly can greatly strengthen the configuration flexibility of electrochemical apparatus and the multifarious arbitrary function waveform voltammeter of function.
Background technology
Galvanochemistry is a science that coverage rate is very wide, comprises battery, metallide, corrosion protection, numerous branches such as electroanalysis.Along with going deep into of all directions research work, researchers are also more and more higher to the requirement of electrochemical apparatus.Various new method of testings constantly are suggested (such as 101,102 among Fig. 1,103,104).In order to satisfy as much as possible researcher to the demand of the functional diversities of instrument, the measure that each apparatus manufacture adopts allows the more method of instrument support as much as possible at initial stage of development often.This can satisfy the part researcher to a certain extent to the demand of instrument, yet still has considerable electrochemical method to realize with commercial electrochemical apparatus, and this is because apparatus manufacture can not be each researcher method for customizing.In addition, some experimental technique needs instrument that high-speed sampling is arranged, mass data storage capability, and this just need to design jumbo storer in instrument internal, and this is very uneconomic way.For these methods, oneself building instrument is the unique selection of researcher, and these are beyond doubt challenge concerning most people.
The core of electrochemical apparatus comprises two parts, i.e. the collection of the generation of voltage/current signals and voltage/current signals, and all methods that electrochemical apparatus provides can be summed up as this two aspects.And be that generation or the collection of signal of signal all controlled by the slave computer controller basically in the traditional instrument.And for upper computer software exploitation, slave computer is at development difficulty, the construction cycle, and cost of development, the various aspects such as hardware resource all are in a disadvantageous position.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is exactly for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of simple in structure, cheap, use flexibly arbitrary function waveform voltammeter.
The present invention is the USB2.0 interface by means of high transfer rate, and field programmable gate permutation FPGA, realizes that host computer occurs the front end function and the direct control of data acquisition.
A kind of arbitrary function waveform voltammeter of the present invention is made of digital circuit, digital to analog converter ADC/DAC, potentiostat, and potentiostat adopts the pipeline organization of USB2.0-FPGA-AD/DA; Described digital circuit cooperates FPGA to consist of by the single-chip microprocessor MCU with the USB2.0 interface; Single-chip microprocessor MCU one end is connected with computing machine by USB, and the other end is connected with FPGA and carries out the real-time Transmission of data; The described FPGA other end links to each other to realize the direct control to simulating signal with digital to analog converter ADC/DAC; The other end of described digital to analog converter ADC/DAC is connected with potentiostat.
The firmware program of described MCU and FPGA is stored in the computer software, downloads in the hardware circuit after instrument and computing machine connect again.
The ADC/DAC that adopts has the high resolving power of 24-bit.
The firmware program of single-chip microcomputer instrument and computing machine set up be connected after, download by USB interface.
The firmware program of FPGA carries out dynamic-configuration by single-chip microcomputer.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1. adopt the USB2.0 interface to come the transmission of data, can effectively guarantee the high-speed real-time transmission between instrument and the computing machine.Because the excitation waveform in the experiment, and the response wave shape that collects all is stored on the computing machine, and computing machine generally all has massage storage, so since experimental data will not be subjected to the restriction of storage space limited on the instrument.
2. the front-end A/D C/DAC of instrument is directly controlled by FPGA, and ADC/DAC, and FPGA has smooth data channel between the USB, so that ADC/DAC is fully transparent with respect to computing machine, namely is equivalent to computing machine and can directly controls ADC/DAC.A clear superiority like this is: can synthesize the excitation waveform of arbitrary function waveform in computer software, pass to instrument front-end A/D C/DAC in experimentation.Therefore, instrument uses more flexible, can realize easily the electro-chemical test of any excitation signal.
3.MCU all be stored on the computing machine with the firmware program of FPGA, this can directly realize by upgrading upper computer software so that the upgrading of instrument need not be opened the instrument cabinet fully with maintenance.
4. owing to adopted a kind of like this structure of USB2.0-FPGA-AD/DA-constant potential, all digital circuits all dispose in FPGA, like this work of conventional digital circuits part hardware design all is converted into software programming, has reduced the difficulty of instrument development, promoted its competitive power.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that several unconventional excitation waveform are given an example;
Fig. 2 is the hardware block diagram of random waveform voltamograph of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is FPGA internal configurations mode block diagram.
Among the figure: the potential waveform that adopts in the 101-Fourier transform square wave volt-ampere, the potential waveform that the 102-Fourier transform frequently adopts in the volt-ampere again, the frequency sweep electric potential signal that adopts in the research of 103-motional impedance spectrum, the how sinusoidal stack electric potential signal 201-that adopts in the research of 104-motional impedance spectrum is with the single-chip microcomputer of USB2.0 interface, 202-field programmable gate permutation FPGA, 203-two-channel 2-4 4-bit digital to analog converter DAC, 204-two-channel 2-4 4-bit analog to digital converter ADC, the 205-personal computer PC, 206-pc control procedure, 207-potentiostat, the 208-electrochemical investigating pond, the 209-stand-by motor, 210-contrast electrode, 211-working electrode
The 301-DAC data buffer, 302-24 bit parallel interface/I
2S serial line interface converter, 303-I
2S serial line interface/24 bit parallel interface convertors, 304-ADC data buffer, 305-8 bit parallel data/24 bit parallel data transformation interfaces
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 2, random waveform voltamograph of the present invention is mainly by USB control chip 201, and FPGA 202, DDA 203/ADC 204, and potentiostat more than 207 parts consist of.Three electrodes simulation potentiostat uses three DiFET operational amplifiers to make up.For the FET operational amplifier of precision, this operational amplifier has extremely low noise, and extremely low input bias current and input offset voltage have very high speed simultaneously, and this has guaranteed that potentiostat has good precision and speed performance.Selecting low input bias current operational amplifier is a significant consideration measuring low current.In addition, the bias adjustment circuit that increases amplifier in circuit can be removed direct current biasing and guarantee the performance of amplifier.The current measuring range of voltamograph can be adjusted by changing its feedback resistance, and this Instrument Design has 8 gears, can be 10
-2A/V and 10
-9Select in this scope of A/V.
The present invention uses a single chip integrated Δ ∑ structural upright sound codec chip to be used as front-end A/D C/DAC (chip that adopts is CS4221), and integrated two passages of this chip monolithic 24 potential differences divide output DAC and two passages, 24 potential differences to divide input ADC.Using high-resolution DAC/ADC purpose is in order to improve the dynamic range of generation/collection signal.This instrument configuration is two passage DAC outputs, and to distinguish the output DC position and to exchange disturbance, two passage ADC then are used for respectively detecting actual electromotive force and current-responsive.This chip ADC and DAC all can work under the sample frequency up to 48kHz, and according to the Nyquist theorem, the upper limiting frequency that can measure without aliasing is 24kHz.Use if necessary higher frequency, can realize by ADC and the DAC of direct replacing higher rate, because the interface of this class chip all is unified I
2S.At present, the most high-grade stereodecoder can be worked under the sampling rate of 192kHz, and resolution still is 24.The nominal highest resolution of chip used herein is 24, but since the wiring of printed circuit board (PCB), electromagnetic interference (EMI), and in fact power supply and other noise only have about 18.For this reason, also increase a two-stage three rank Butterworth LPF in the circuit and be used for the band external noise that filtering produces by the inherent principle of work of Δ ∑ structure devices.In addition, because ADC/DAC works and simultaneously startup, therefore can not produce any delay under identical clock, so just guarantee not produce between ADC and the DAC any phase shift yet.
The digital circuit part of this instrument mainly is comprised of two devices, i.e. single-chip microprocessor MCU and FPGA.The single-chip microcomputer that this instrument uses is CY68013, and this chip carries a USB2.0 interface and a general programmable data communication interface GPIF.Its GPIF interface can fully without the intervention control data transfer of program, become possibility so that carry out the high-speed data exchange between computing machine and the ADC/DAC.MCU uses dirigibility to play an important role at nearly all industrial circle because it is cheap, is very difficult yet directly control High Precision Stereo sound codec device with MCU, because the interface of nearly all high-precision adc/DAC all is serial.For auxiliary MCU controls ADC/DAC and simplifies circuit design, this instrument adopts a FPGA to realize ADC/DAC and the control (altera corp, Cyclone series) partly of all digital circuits.In this instrument, as shown in Figure 3, the configuration of FPGA comprises: width is that the 24-bit degree of depth is four fifo buffers 301,304 of 512, is used for the data buffering of ADC and DAC, I
2S string/24-bit and the conversion and 24-bit also/I
2S string translation interface 302,303,24/8 bit data translation interfaces 305.
Among the present invention, the firmware program of FPGA and MCU all is that the form with dynamic link library is stored in the PC control software.When instrument and computing machine set up be connected after, upper computer software is just downloaded the MCU firmware program to the next MCU, MCU upgrades himself firmware program immediately.Complete rear instrument to be updated resets and begins normal operation, again sets up communication with host computer simultaneously.In the instrument operational process whenever can be as required by the program of upper computer software to slave computer down loading updating FPGA.
In the instrument normal course of operation, FPGA and MCU controller only play the effect of setting up data transmission channel between PC and ADC/DAD, and the synthetic and data subsequently of excitation waveform are processed and all carried out in computing machine.In test once, upper computer software first arranges synthetic excitation waveform according to the user, transmits to DAC by USB interface after the test beginning, and starts simultaneously ADC and carries out data acquisition, and it is transferred to host computer.In order to make upper computer software when processing high speed data transfer, the data of finishing that can not postpone show, the work such as data processing, and it is necessary using multithreading in software development.
In sum, the present invention is by using the structure of USB2.0-FPGA-ADC/DAC-potentiostat, so that the output of the front end simulating signal of instrument is all directly controlled by host computer with input.This structure has strengthened the dirigibility that instrument uses greatly, and reconfigurable property applies arbitrary function waveform as the function of excitation signal so that this instrument possesses.
Claims (5)
1. an arbitrary function waveform voltammeter is characterized in that being made of digital circuit, digital to analog converter ADC/DAC, potentiostat, and potentiostat is three electrodes simulation potentiostat; Described digital circuit cooperates FPGA to consist of by the single-chip microprocessor MCU with the USB2.0 interface; Single-chip microprocessor MCU one end is connected with computing machine by USB, and the other end is connected with FPGA and carries out the real-time Transmission of data; The described FPGA other end links to each other to realize the direct control to simulating signal with digital to analog converter ADC/DAC; The other end of described digital to analog converter ADC/DAC is connected with potentiostat.
2. arbitrary function waveform voltammeter according to claim 1 is characterized in that the firmware program of described MCU and FPGA is stored in the computer software, downloads in the hardware circuit after instrument and computing machine connect again.
3. arbitrary function waveform voltammeter according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the ADC/DAC that adopts has the high resolving power of 24-bit.
4. arbitrary function waveform voltammeter according to claim 3, the firmware program that it is characterized in that single-chip microcomputer instrument and computing machine set up be connected after, download by USB interface.
5. random wave function shape voltamograph according to claim 1 is characterized in that the firmware program of FPGA carries out dynamic-configuration by single-chip microcomputer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010204654 CN101871908B (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2010-06-18 | Arbitrary function waveform voltammeter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010204654 CN101871908B (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2010-06-18 | Arbitrary function waveform voltammeter |
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| CN101871908A CN101871908A (en) | 2010-10-27 |
| CN101871908B true CN101871908B (en) | 2013-03-20 |
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| CN 201010204654 Expired - Fee Related CN101871908B (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2010-06-18 | Arbitrary function waveform voltammeter |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3392767A1 (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2018-10-24 | Aerobits Sp. z o.o. | A method for real time processing of fast analogue signals and a system for application thereof |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102540945B (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2014-01-01 | 上海雷磁·创益仪器仪表有限公司 | Control method of potentiostat |
| CN103856051B (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2016-04-27 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | A kind of high-voltage square-wave gain drive signal amplitude control device |
| CN110008172A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-07-12 | 广东高云半导体科技股份有限公司 | A kind of system on chip |
| WO2022119546A2 (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-06-09 | Ege Universitesi | A miniaturized compact electrochemical analyzer |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69122383D1 (en) * | 1991-08-22 | 1996-10-31 | Secr Defence Brit | Anodic strip voltammetry |
| CN2260327Y (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-08-20 | 中山大学 | Multi-functional microcomputer controlled step voltmeter |
| CN101071117A (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2007-11-14 | 浙江大学 | Electrochemical electronic tongue based on wide-bard pulse voltammetry |
| RU2314523C1 (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2008-01-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Техноаналит" | Voltammeter analyzer |
| CN101126801A (en) * | 2007-09-20 | 2008-02-20 | 西安爱邦电气有限公司 | Volt-ampere phase meter simple calibration technology |
-
2010
- 2010-06-18 CN CN 201010204654 patent/CN101871908B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69122383D1 (en) * | 1991-08-22 | 1996-10-31 | Secr Defence Brit | Anodic strip voltammetry |
| CN2260327Y (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-08-20 | 中山大学 | Multi-functional microcomputer controlled step voltmeter |
| RU2314523C1 (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2008-01-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Техноаналит" | Voltammeter analyzer |
| CN101071117A (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2007-11-14 | 浙江大学 | Electrochemical electronic tongue based on wide-bard pulse voltammetry |
| CN101126801A (en) * | 2007-09-20 | 2008-02-20 | 西安爱邦电气有限公司 | Volt-ampere phase meter simple calibration technology |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3392767A1 (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2018-10-24 | Aerobits Sp. z o.o. | A method for real time processing of fast analogue signals and a system for application thereof |
| US10224945B2 (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2019-03-05 | Aerobits Sp. z o.o. | Method for real time processing of fast analogue signals and a system for application thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101871908A (en) | 2010-10-27 |
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Effective date of registration: 20160622 Address after: 511400 Guangdong city of Guangzhou province Panyu District Xiaoguwei Street Outer Ring Road No. 232 building 13 room A233 Patentee after: Guangzhou Boluteng Instrument Co., Ltd. Address before: 510640 Tianhe District, Guangdong, No. five road, No. 381, Patentee before: South China University of Technology |
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Address after: 510663 Room 601 and 701, building C, No.288, Shenzhou Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Guangzhou bolutang Biotechnology Co., Ltd Address before: 511400 Guangdong city of Guangzhou province Panyu District Xiaoguwei Street Outer Ring Road No. 232 building 13 room A233 Patentee before: GUANGZHOU BIOLIGHT EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. |
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Granted publication date: 20130320 Termination date: 20210618 |