CN101868695A - 感应式位置传感器 - Google Patents

感应式位置传感器 Download PDF

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CN101868695A
CN101868695A CN200880117290A CN200880117290A CN101868695A CN 101868695 A CN101868695 A CN 101868695A CN 200880117290 A CN200880117290 A CN 200880117290A CN 200880117290 A CN200880117290 A CN 200880117290A CN 101868695 A CN101868695 A CN 101868695A
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J·K·李
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KSR Technologies Co
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/003Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring position, not involving coordinate determination
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/30Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/2006Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils
    • G01D5/2013Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils by a movable ferromagnetic element, e.g. a core
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/24471Error correction
    • G01D5/24476Signal processing

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)

Abstract

一种位置传感器,其具有发射器线圈,该发射器线圈具有外环部分和内环部分。接收器线圈被设置成非常靠近发射器线圈,并且该接收器线圈包括第一环和反向缠绕的第二环。当发射器线圈由于发射器线圈和接收器线圈之间的感应耦合而被激励时,接收器线圈产生电输出信号。可移动耦合器元件随着耦合器元件的位置来改变发射器线圈和接收器线圈的环之间的感应耦合。

Description

感应式位置传感器
相关申请交叉引用
本申请要求2007年9月21日提交的序列号为60/974,206的美国临时专利申请和2008年9月16日提交的序列号为12/211,360的美国专利申请的优先权,这些申请通过参考合并于此。
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及位置传感器,且更具体地涉及感应式位置传感器。
背景技术
在机动车辆中,油门踏板(throttle pedal)传统上通过缆线被机械连接到发动机油门。然而,在更现代化的车辆中,油门位置传感器被机械连接到踏板上并且产生表示油门踏板踩下程度的电输出信号。此类系统常常被称为“电传操纵(fly-by-wire)”系统。
在一种类型的油门位置传感器中,发射器线圈或激励器线圈被高频源激励以便该发射器线圈产生电磁辐射。此外,该发射器线圈被设置成圆形模式,尽管也可以使用可替换的其他模式。
接收器线圈也被设置在位置传感器中,其非常靠近发射器线圈。因此,一旦对发射器线圈通电,由于发射器线圈和接收器线圈之间的感应耦合,接收器线圈产生输出信号。
然而,与发射器线圈不同,接收器线圈包括第一环和第二环,第二环相对于第一环反向缠绕。因此,发射器线圈和接收器线圈的第一环之间的感应耦合产生与发射器线圈在接收器线圈的第二环中感应的电压极性相反的电压。因此,接收器输出信号是来自接收器线圈的第一环和第二环的电压信号的组合或总和。
为了产生表示油门位置的输出信号,耦合器元件被可旋转地安装在位置传感器上并且与油门踏板的踩下和释放同步旋转。此外,该耦合器元件由传导发射器线圈发射的电磁辐射的材料构成。该耦合器元件覆盖发射器线圈和接收器线圈的一部分。因此,一旦耦合器元件移动或旋转,发射器与接收器线圈的第一环和第二环之间的感应耦合被改变。这反过来产生来自接收器线圈的输出信号,该输出信号随着耦合器元件的角位置而变化,并因此随着机械连接到耦合器元件的油门踏板的角位置而变化。
如果耦合器元件精确地与发射器线圈和接收器线圈同心,并且如果在耦合器元件的整个移动期间,耦合器元件和发射器线圈及接收器线圈之间的间距保持恒定,则来自接收器线圈的输出提供耦合器元件的角位置的精确指示并因此精确指示油门踏板的角位置。然而,实际上,在油门踏板位置传感器的制造期间,制造公差常常使得油门位置传感器中的耦合器元件不与发射器线圈和接收器线圈精确地同心和/或耦合器元件与发射器线圈和接收器线圈之间的间隙稍微与期望的间隙不同。
已经使用不同的策略来补偿耦合器元件的枢转轴线与发射器线圈和接收器线圈的轴线之间缺少的同心性。然而,这些策略不足以补偿耦合器元件与发射器线圈和接收器线圈之间的间隙变化,以便满足油门踏板传感器的精度要求。
发明内容
本发明提供一种油门位置传感器,其克服了目前已知的油门位置传感器的上述缺点。
简言之,本发明的油门位置传感器包括以圆形结构缠绕的发射器线圈。发射器线圈由高频交流电源激励,以便通电时,发射器线圈产生电磁辐射。
接收器线圈也被提供在油门位置传感器中,其非常靠近发射器线圈。接收器线圈包括第一环和反向缠绕的第二环,第一环和第二环相互串联电连接。然而,因为接收器线圈的第一环和第二环相互反向缠绕,当发射器线圈被通电时在第一环中感应的电压将与发射器线圈在第二接收器环中感应的电压极性相反。接收器环中的电压总和形成来自油门位置传感器的输出信号。
耦合器元件相对于发射器线圈和接收器线圈被可移动地安装。该耦合器元件随着耦合器元件的角位置改变穿过发射器线圈和接收器线圈的第一环和第二环的感应耦合。反过来,耦合器元件的角位置随着油门踏板的位置而变化。例如,耦合器元件在一个方向的旋转移动可以增加发射器线圈和接收器线圈的第一环之间的感应耦合并且同时减小发射器线圈和接收器线圈的第二环之间的感应耦合,因此改变来自接收器线圈的输出信号。耦合器元件在相反旋转方向上的旋转产生相反的效果。
为了补偿耦合器元件与发射器线圈和接收器线圈之间的间隙变化,发射器线圈包括外环部分和内环部分,该内环部分径向向内地与外环部分间隔开。然后,轴向调制器或基准线圈被缠绕在发射器线圈的内部分和外部分之间,同时接收器线圈覆盖发射器线圈的外环的至少一部分。实际上,提供发射器线圈的内环通过在发射器线圈和基准线圈之间提供额外的感应耦合补偿了耦合器元件与发射器线圈和接收器线圈之间的间隙变化。
附图说明
参考下面详细描述并结合附图将更好地理解本发明,在附图中相似的参考标记指示多个视图中的相似部件,其中:
图1是包含发射器线圈的印刷电路板的平面图;
图2是具有发射器线圈、接收器线圈和基准线圈的印刷电路板的平面图;
图3是本发明传感器的优选实施例的分解图;
图4是本发明优选实施例的侧视图;以及
图5是示例性耦合器元件的平面图。
具体实施方式
首先参考图1,其显示油门位置传感器10的一部分,为了清楚移除了部分油门位置传感器10。油门位置传感器10包括印刷电路板12,该印刷电路板12通常包含在外壳15(图4)内以保护印刷电路板12不受污染和/或其他损坏。
发射器线圈14以常规方式形成在印刷电路板12上。该发射器线圈14包括外环部分16以及内环部分18。发射器线圈的外环部分16和内环部分18以圆形结构围绕轴线22缠绕并且外环部分16和内环部分18中的发射器线圈14的所有绕组都被定向为相同的旋转方向。
仍参考图1,发射器线圈14的末端被耦连到高频交流电源24。一旦交流电源24被激活或通电,发射器线圈14的外环部分16和内环部分18以熟知的方式产生电磁辐射。
现在参考图2和图3,具有至少两个反向缠绕的环32和34的接收器线圈30也利用常规印刷电路板制造技术形成在印刷电路板12上,以便接收器线圈被设置在非常靠近发射器线圈14的外环部分16的位置。此外,图2和图3图示说明接收器线圈包含五个顺时针缠绕段32和五个逆时针缠绕段34,以便段32和34在角尺寸上相等并且围绕印刷电路板12上的轴线22相互交替。然而,图2和图3仅是通过举例的方式图示说明五极结构而不是过分地受其限制。此外,仅仅必需的是接收器线圈具有至少两个反向缠绕的环32和34。
接收器线圈30的所有环32和34相互串联电连接。因此,接收器线圈的输出38上的电压等于接收器线圈30的所有接收器环32和34的电压的总和。接收器输出38被连接到电路39,该电路通常是专用集成电路(ASIC),其处理和线性化来自接收器线圈30的输出。
仍参考图2和图3,基准线圈或轴调制器线圈40也利用常规印刷电路板制造技术形成在印刷电路板12上。基准线圈40具有内环部分41和反向缠绕的外环43,其中内环部分41位于发射器线圈14的内部分16和外部分18之间,反向缠绕的外环43围绕接收器线圈30的外围被定位在印刷电路板12上。接收器线圈40的环41和43被感应耦合到发射器线圈14,环41和43相互不同或反向缠绕。因此,一旦激励发射器线圈14,发射器线圈在基准线圈40的环41和43中感应出电压。然而,基准线圈40的线圈41中感应的电压的极性与基准线圈40的第二环43中感应的电压具有相反的极性。
基准线圈40的环41和43被相互串联电连接,以便来自基准线圈40的输出46包含基准线圈40的环41和43上的电压的和或差。来自基准线圈40的电输出46还被连接到电路39。
现在参考图4和图5,耦合器元件50被定位在外壳15内,以便耦合器元件50覆盖印刷电路板12但与印刷电路板12以间隙x间隔开。此外,该耦合器元件50通过轴52被旋转安装在外壳上,该轴52与发射器线圈14的轴线22(图1)同轴。
图4和图5图示说明耦合器元件50具有五个叶片/突出部(lobe)54,其尺寸和形状与接收器线圈30的环32和34相对应。也应该理解图5中示出的耦合器元件50仅是针对五极位置传感器进行举例说明。该位置传感器可以包含更少或更多的极而不偏离本发明的思想或范围。
耦合器元件50由可以传导当发射器线圈14被高频电流源24(图1)通电时所产生的电磁辐射的材料构成。因此,耦合器元件50,尤其是耦合器元件的叶片54改变耦合器50下面的发射器线圈与接收器线圈30的环32和34之间的感应耦合。
因此,在一个旋转方向上旋转耦合器元件50将增加发射器线圈14与接收器线圈30的第一环32之间的感应耦合,同时减小发射器线圈14与接收器线圈30的第二环34之间的感应耦合。在相反旋转方向上旋转耦合器元件50将产生相反的效果。
无论哪一种情况,通过随着耦合器元件50的旋转位置改变接收器线圈30的反向缠绕线圈32和34之间的感应耦合,接收器线圈输出38上的输出电压将同样改变,从而产生指示耦合器元件50的旋转位置的信号,该信号被电路39处理以线性化或以其他方式处理输出信号。耦合器元件50进一步被机械耦合到油门的组件,使得来自传感器10的输出信号指示油门的位置。
虽然发射器线圈14与接收器线圈30的环32和34之间的感应耦合随着耦合器元件50的旋转位置变化,但是发射器线圈14与基准线圈40的环41和43之间的感应耦合是独立的并且不随着耦合器元件50的旋转位置变化。然而,基准线圈40的反向缠绕环41和43之间的感应耦合确实随着耦合器元件50和基准线圈40之间的间隙x变化。
已经发现发射器线圈14的内部分18与基准线圈40提供的额外感应耦合保持比率计函数(ratiometric function)R(x)基本不变,尽管间隙x有适度的小变化,其中R(x)被定义为:
R(x)=RM(x)/AM(x)
其中RM等于来自接收器线圈30的输出,AM等于来自基准线圈40的输出上的电压,x等于耦合器元件50与印刷电路板12之间的间隙的量值。
实际上,函数R保持基本不变,尽管耦合器元件50与印刷电路板12上的发射器线圈14和接收器线圈30之间的间隙x均存在适度的变化。这进一步可以改进油门位置传感器10的总精确度。
根据上文,可以看出本发明提供简单而高效的位置传感器,诸如油门位置传感器,但是该传感器也可以用于其他应用中。然而,描述了本发明之后,对其的许多修改对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,其并未偏离由随附权利要求的范围限定的本发明的思想。

Claims (12)

1.一种位置传感器,其包括:
发射器线圈,其具有外环部分和内环部分,所述发射器线圈在受到电力源激励时产生电磁辐射;
接收器线圈,其设置成非常靠近所述发射器内环部分和外环部分中的至少一个,所述接收器线圈至少具有第一环和反向缠绕的第二环,当所述发射器线圈由于所述发射器线圈和所述接收器线圈之间的感应耦合而被激励时,所述接收器线圈产生电输出信号;
可移动耦合器元件,其随着所述耦合器元件的位置来改变所述发射器线圈和所述接收器线圈的所述环之间的感应耦合,从而改变来自所述接收器线圈的所述电输出信号;
基准线圈,其被设置在所述发射器线圈的所述内环部分和所述外环部分之间,当所述发射器线圈由于所述发射器线圈和所述基准线圈之间的感应耦合而被激励时,所述基准线圈产生电输出基准信号,其中所述发射器线圈和所述基准线圈之间的耦合独立于所述耦合器元件的位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发明,其中所述发射器线圈被形成在印刷电路板上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的发明,其中所述发射器线圈的所述内环部分和所述外环部分以同心圆模式缠绕。
4.根据权利要求1所述的发明,其中所述接收器线圈被形成在印刷电路板上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的发明,其中所述基准线圈被形成在印刷电路板上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的发明,其中所述耦合器元件是金属的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的发明,其中所述接收器线圈覆盖所述发射器线圈的所述外环部分。
8.根据权利要求1所述的发明,其中所述耦合器元件相对于所述发射器线圈可围绕轴线旋转。
9.根据权利要求1所述的发明,其中所述接收器线圈被设置在所述接收器线圈的所述第一环和所述第二环的交替段中。
10.根据权利要求10所述的发明,其中所述接收器线圈的所述交替段被设置成围绕预定轴线的圆形模式。
11.根据权利要求10所述的发明,其中所述耦合器元件可围绕所述预定轴线旋转。
12.根据权利要求1所述的发明,其中所述发射器线圈、所述接收器线圈和所述基准线圈被形成在印刷电路板上。
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JP2010540896A (ja) 2010-12-24
CN101868695B (zh) 2013-03-06
US7906960B2 (en) 2011-03-15
WO2009037561A3 (en) 2009-06-11
BRPI0815935A2 (pt) 2018-10-16
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US20090079422A1 (en) 2009-03-26
WO2009037561A2 (en) 2009-03-26

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