CN101868614B - 安全阀以及包括该安全阀的高压泵 - Google Patents

安全阀以及包括该安全阀的高压泵 Download PDF

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CN101868614B
CN101868614B CN2008801171486A CN200880117148A CN101868614B CN 101868614 B CN101868614 B CN 101868614B CN 2008801171486 A CN2008801171486 A CN 2008801171486A CN 200880117148 A CN200880117148 A CN 200880117148A CN 101868614 B CN101868614 B CN 101868614B
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valve
fuel
cylindrical cavity
piston
safety valve
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CN101868614A (zh
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M·马塞利斯
B·洛亚科诺
T·里德尔
W·施特里格尔
N·梅多罗
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/46—Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups F02M69/02 - F02M69/44
    • F02M69/54—Arrangement of fuel pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0011—Constructional details; Manufacturing or assembly of elements of fuel systems; Materials therefor
    • F02M37/0023—Valves in the fuel supply and return system
    • F02M37/0029—Pressure regulator in the low pressure fuel system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/0052—Details on the fuel return circuit; Arrangement of pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/04—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by special arrangement of cylinders with respect to piston-driving shaft, e.g. arranged parallel to that shaft or swash-plate type pumps
    • F02M59/06—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by special arrangement of cylinders with respect to piston-driving shaft, e.g. arranged parallel to that shaft or swash-plate type pumps with cylinders arranged radially to driving shaft, e.g. in V or star arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/08—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by two or more pumping elements with conjoint outlet or several pumping elements feeding one engine cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/10—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
    • F02M59/102—Mechanical drive, e.g. tappets or cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/34—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by throttling of passages to pumping elements or of overflow passages, e.g. throttling by means of a pressure-controlled sliding valve having liquid stop or abutment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/48—Assembling; Disassembling; Replacing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)

Abstract

一种设置在低压泵与高压泵(2)之间的燃料供给管路(7)中的燃料安全阀包括：阀体(40)，所述阀体限定出圆柱形空腔(41)、和与圆柱形空腔(41)连通的排放管道(33)的一部分(42)，所述圆柱形空腔具有纵向轴线(A)且连接到管道(30)；活塞(44)，所述活塞在圆柱形空腔(41)中沿着纵向轴线(A)相对于阀体(40)滑动；以及弹簧(46)，所述弹簧容纳在容积可变的腔室(49)中，所述容积可变的腔室由圆柱形空腔(41)的位于活塞(44)与封闭元件(47)之间的一部分限定；活塞(44)设有通孔(52)，所述通孔被供给导入容积可变的腔室(49)的燃料，且阀体(40)设有将容积可变的腔室(49)连接到排放管道(33)的燃料排放孔(56)。

Description

安全阀以及包括该安全阀的高压泵
技术领域
本发明涉及一种安全阀。它特别是涉及一种用于内燃机的安全阀和包括安全阀的高压泵。
背景技术
内燃机通常包括低压泵、高压泵、歧管、将低压泵连接到高压泵的低压供给管路以及将高压泵连接到歧管或所谓的“共轨”的高压输送管路。
低压管路通常包括能够控制供给到高压泵的燃料量的计量电磁阀和安全阀，所述安全阀的作用是排放由低压泵供给的多余燃料，以防止高压引起的低压管路的损坏。
通常用于该目的的安全阀包括：阀体，所述阀体限定出具有纵向轴线的圆柱形空腔和与圆柱形空腔连通的排放管道的一部分；活塞，所述活塞在圆柱形空腔内相对于阀体沿着纵向轴线滑动；以及弹簧，所述弹簧容纳在由圆柱形空腔的位于活塞与封闭元件之间的一部分限定的容积可变的腔室中。
使用时，多余燃料克服弹簧的反作用力将活塞推到圆柱形空腔中，直到排放管道不再被活塞阻挡和燃料能够传送到排放管道。
然而，这种类型的阀具有明显不足。
使用时，这些阀可能是非常嘈杂的。这主要由于气穴现象，在该气穴现象中，会在容积可变的腔室内形成气泡，从而产生振动，该振动然后传递到阀所连接到的管道。如果阀所连接到的低压管道由金属制成，这些振动可引起谐振。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种不具有现有技术的上述缺点的安全阀。特别地，本发明的目的是提供一种安静同时容易和便宜制造的阀。
根据这些目的，本发明涉及一种燃料安全阀，所述燃料安全阀设置在低压泵与高压泵之间的燃料供给管路中，阀包括：阀体，所述阀体限定出圆柱形空腔、和与圆柱形空腔连通的排放管道的一部分，所述圆柱形空腔具有纵向轴线且连接到燃料供给管路的管道；活塞，所述活塞在圆柱形空腔中沿着纵向轴线相对于阀体滑动；以及弹簧，所述弹簧容纳在容积可变的腔室中，所述容积可变的腔室由圆柱形空腔的位于活塞与封闭元件之间的一部分限定；阀的特征在于，活塞设有通孔，所述通孔被供给导入容积可变的腔室的燃料，且阀体设有将容积可变的腔室连接到排放管道的燃料排放孔。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种安静且可靠的高压泵。根据这些目的，本发明涉及一种高压泵，所述高压泵包括：泵体、至少一个泵送元件、低压燃料供给管路的一部分以及高压输送管路的一部分；高压泵的特征在于，它包括权利要求1-10中所述的燃料安全阀，所述阀设置在供给管路的所述部分中。
附图说明
下面，通过参看附图描述本发明的非限制性的示例实施例，将清楚地显见本发明的其他特征和优点，附图包括：
图1是至内燃机的燃料供给管路的图，示出了本发明的安全阀和高压泵；
图2是安全阀处于第一操作位置时的剖视图，其中为了清楚起见移除了一些部件；以及
图3是安全阀处于第二操作位置时的剖视图，其中为了清楚起见移除了一些部件。
具体实施方式
在图1中，附图标记1表示的是至内燃机的燃料供给管路。管路1包括高压泵2、将低压泵(在附图中为了清楚起见未示出)连接到高压泵2的低压供给管路7、从高压泵2延伸到共轨(附图中未示出)的高压输送管路8、计量电磁阀10和安全阀11，其中，所述高压泵包括泵体4和三个泵送元件5。
特别地，图1中以点划线表示的泵体4包括低压供给管路7的一部分13和高压输送管路的一部分14。计量电磁阀10和安全阀11优选直接安装在泵体4上。
每个泵送元件5均由汽缸16限定，活塞18在汽缸16中往复运动。每个汽缸16分别经由供给阀19与供给管路7连通，且经由输送阀20与输送管路8连通。
三个泵送元件5绕着轴22以120°的夹角径向设置，所述轴22是三个活塞18的驱动机构23的一部分。驱动机构23主要包括偏心装置24，所述偏心装置24驱动三个活塞18且固定到轴22上，所述轴22以公知的方式在安装于泵体4上的轴承中转动。偏心装置24被设计成驱动棱柱状的环25，所述棱柱状的环具有三个平坦面26，在每个平坦面上承载着相应的泵送元件5的活塞18。
供给管路7由管道28和管道30限定，所述管道28经由计量电磁阀10使低压泵(附图中未示出)与高压泵2连通，所述管道30向安全阀11供给供给高压泵2时不需要的多余燃料。
在管道28的位于低压泵的下游和计量电磁阀10的上游的一点处，优选具有过滤器31，所述过滤器用于从由低压泵吸入的燃料中分离出灰尘和/或水。
计量电磁阀10能够控制供给到高压泵2的燃料量。计量电磁阀10优选基于发动机的工作条件由附图中未示出的电子单元控制。
安全阀11通过管道30供给，且能够将多余的燃料排放到排放管道33中，所述排放管道33通到排放歧管34，来自共轨(附图中未示出)的多余燃料从排放歧管34排放到燃料罐(附图中未示出)。
可详细地看出，安全阀11还连接到输出管道36，所述输出管道36将燃料排放到排放管道33中。
参看图2，安全阀11包括阀体40，所述阀体40主要沿着纵向轴线A延伸，且限定出圆柱形空腔41和排放管道33的一部分42。圆柱形空腔41沿着纵向轴线A延伸，且直接连接到低压供给管路7的管道30，而排放管道33的部分42与纵向轴线A基本垂直，且与圆柱形空腔41连通。
安全阀11还包括：活塞44，所述活塞在圆柱形空腔41内相对于阀体40滑动；弹簧46；以及封闭元件47。
弹簧46容纳在由圆柱形空腔41的一部分限定的位于活塞44与封闭元件47之间的容积可变的腔室49中。特别地，封闭元件47是以过盈配合的方式被驱动到圆柱形空腔41中的在组装过程中所确定的位置的球，且限定出用于弹簧46的抵挡部。
活塞44包括通孔52，所述通孔52基本上全程地沿着轴线A穿过活塞44，使得容积可变的腔室49基本上与管道30(图2)或与圆柱形空腔41的内部(图3)连通。
朝向通孔52通到容积可变的腔室49的端部，通孔52包括尺寸精确的限制部54，以确保燃料以减小的流率通过。
阀体40具有将容积可变的腔室49连接到输出管道36的贯穿的排放孔56。特别地，排放孔56相对于纵向轴线A明显倾斜，且具有限制部58，所述限制部58的尺寸精确地选择，以确保燃料以减小的流率通过。
尺寸精确选择的限制部54和尺寸精确选择的限制部58具有相同的横截面积。
阀体40在大致中心的位置具有外螺纹部分59，以允许阀体40直接旋拧到高压泵2的泵体4上。
阀体40还具有包括孔的盖60、和密封件61。
包括孔的盖60定位在圆柱形空腔41与低压供给管路7的管道30之间；充当活塞44的限位止挡；并使安全阀11上游的燃料流与安全阀11下游的燃料流隔开。
密封件61定位在阀体40中的凹部63中，所述凹部偏向阀体40的与管道30接触的一端。
使用时，当管道30中的燃料的压力升高到超过预定值时，管道30中的燃料沿着圆柱形空腔41克服弹簧46的反作用力推动活塞44，直到活塞44不再阻挡排放管道33和燃料能够流入排放管道33(参看图3)。
燃料中的一些燃料通过通孔52进入圆柱形空腔41的容积可变的腔室49，并通过排放孔56排出，部分是由于在容积可变的腔室49中可供使用的容积的减小。
通孔52的限制部54和排放孔56的限制部58的尺寸被精确选择，以确定容积可变的腔室49内的燃料压力，例如限制气穴现象，从而防止出现谐振现象。
显然，在不脱离权利要求的范围的情况下可对在此描述的安全阀和高压泵进行多种修改和变化。

Claims (10)

1.一种燃料安全阀，所述燃料安全阀设置在低压泵与高压泵(2)之间的燃料供给管路(7)中，阀(11)包括：阀体(40)，所述阀体(40)限定出圆柱形空腔(41)、和与圆柱形空腔(41)连通的排放管道(33)的一部分(42)，所述圆柱形空腔具有纵向轴线(A)且连接到燃料供给管路(7)的管道(30)；活塞(44)，所述活塞在圆柱形空腔(41)中沿着纵向轴线(A)相对于阀体(40)滑动；以及弹簧(46)，所述弹簧容纳在容积可变的腔室(49)中，所述容积可变的腔室由圆柱形空腔(41)的位于活塞(44)与封闭元件(47)之间的一部分限定；阀(11)的特征在于，活塞(44)设有通孔(52)，所述通孔被供给导入容积可变的腔室(49)的燃料，且阀体(40)设有将容积可变的腔室(49)连接到排放管道(33)的燃料排放孔(56)，且排放孔(56)设有第二限制部(58)，所述第二限制部的尺寸被精确选择，以降低燃料的流率。
2.如权利要求1所述的阀，其特征在于，通孔(52)设有第一限制部(54)，所述第一限制部的尺寸被精确选择，以降低燃料的流率。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的阀，其特征在于，通孔(52)沿与纵向轴线(A)近似平行的方向纵向穿过活塞(44)。
4.如权利要求2所述的阀，其特征在于，第一和第二限制部(54，58)具有相同的横截面积。
5.如权利要求1、2和4中任一所述的阀，其特征在于，排放孔(56)与能够将流体排放到排放管道(33)中的输出管道(36)连接。
6.如权利要求1、2和4中任一所述的阀，其特征在于，阀体(40)包括外螺纹部分(59)。
7.如权利要求1、2和4中任一所述的阀，其特征在于，封闭元件(47)是以过盈配合的方式被驱入到容积可变的腔室(49)中的球。
8.如权利要求1、2和4中任一所述的阀，其特征在于，排放管道(33)的部分(42)与纵向轴线(A)近似垂直。
9.一种高压泵，所述高压泵包括：泵体(4)、至少一个泵送元件(5)、低压燃料供给管路(7)的一部分(13)以及高压输送管路(8)的一部分；高压泵(2)的特征在于，它包括权利要求1-8中所述的燃料安全阀(11)，所述阀(11)设置在供给管路(7)的部分(13)中。
10.如权利要求9所述的泵，其特征在于，安全阀(11)旋拧到泵体(4)上。
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