CN101856416A - 治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的中草药口服液 - Google Patents
治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的中草药口服液 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101856416A CN101856416A CN 201010193969 CN201010193969A CN101856416A CN 101856416 A CN101856416 A CN 101856416A CN 201010193969 CN201010193969 CN 201010193969 CN 201010193969 A CN201010193969 A CN 201010193969A CN 101856416 A CN101856416 A CN 101856416A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的中草药口服液，它是由下述重量配比的原料制成的药剂：白头翁4-6份，黄连须2-4份，黄芩2-4份，黄柏1-3份，秦皮1-3份，白芍1-3份，乌梅1-3份，诃子1-2份，党参1-3份，黄芪1-3份，甘草1-2份。上述原料经过：粉碎，配料，水煮浸提，浓缩，封装，制成本发明口服液。本发明中草药口服液对治疗鸡大肠杆菌病有很好的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及养鸡用的中草药制剂，具体涉及一种治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的中草药口服液。
背景技术
近年来，大肠杆菌病已成为制约养鸡业发展的一大疾病，发病率和死亡率居高不下，造成了严重的经济损失。目前治疗鸡大肠杆菌病主要采用抗菌消炎类西药，虽然具有一定的疗效，但存在易产生抗药性和有不良副作用的问题，并且残留在鸡肉、蛋内的化学药物，也给人类的健康带来潜在威胁。中草药具有天然、使用安全、无毒副作用、无化学物质残留、不易产生抗药性等特点，用于养鸡业的疾病防治，具有广阔的应用前景。目前市售的用于治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的中草药制剂虽然种类很多，但实际使用效果不尽人意。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述问题，提供一种能够有效治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的中草药口服液。
本发明的技术方案是：一种治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的中草药口服液，它的原料重量配比是：白头翁4-6份，黄连须2-4份，黄芩2-4份，黄柏1-3份，秦皮1-3份，白芍1-3份，乌梅1-3份，诃子1-2份，党参1-3份，黄芪1-3份，甘草1-2份。
本发明治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的中草药口服液的优选原料重量比是：白头翁5份，黄连须3份，黄芩2.5份，黄柏2份，秦皮2份，白芍2份，乌梅1.5份，柯子1.5份，党参2份，黄芪2份，甘草1.5份。
本发明采用如下生产工艺：选料→粉碎→配料→拌匀→水煮浸提→浓缩→封装→成品。
本发明组方中各组分的药理功效是：
1、白头翁功效：白头翁主要含白头翁皂甙A、B、C、D，并含有鼠李糖、白头翁素、23-羟基白桦酸、胡萝卜素等。白头翁煎剂及其皂甙在体外和体内都能抑制溶组织阿米巴原虫生长；白头翁新鲜茎叶榨取的汁液在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、舒氏痢疾杆菌、弗氏痢疾杆菌及宋内氏痢疾杆菌有抑制作用；白头翁酒精浸液在试管中对枯草杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌也有抑制作用，对实验动物小鼠流感病毒感染有轻度抑制作用；白头翁素对白喉杆菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌、结核杆菌等有抑制作用。
2、黄连须功效：黄连须含多种异喹啉类生物碱，以小檗碱含量最高，为5～8％，尚含黄连碱、甲基黄连碱、巴马亭、药根碱、表小檗碱及木兰花碱等；酸性成分有阿魏酸，氯原酸等；具有清热燥湿，泻火解毒等功效。小檗碱对实验动物有很广的抗菌谱，对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、肺炎球菌、脑膜炎双球菌、痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌等均有较显著的抑制作用，对钩端螺旋体、阿米巴原虫、滴虫、锥虫、流感病毒及多种致病性真菌也有抑制作用，并能够增强白细胞的吞噬能力；另有对抗细菌毒素，降低金黄色葡萄球菌凝固酶、溶血素效价，降低大肠杆菌毒力等作用。
3、黄芩功效：黄芩主要含黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩苷、汉黄芩素、黄芩新素I、黄芩新素II、去甲汉黄芩素、7-甲氧基黄芩素、7-甲氧基去甲基汉黄芩素等，此外还有挥发油、苯乙醇糖苷类成分等，具有清热燥湿，泻火解毒，止血，安胎作用。黄芩具有抗菌作用，黄芩煎剂体外平板试验，对痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌、葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、肺炎双球菌有抑制作用，对伤寒混合疫苗致实验性发热家兔有解热作用；另有抗病毒作用。
4、黄柏功效：川黄柏主要含小檗碱，并含少量黄柏碱、木兰花碱、掌叶防已碱等多种生物碱以及内质、甾醇、粘液质等；关黄柏主要含小檗碱及少量木兰花碱、黄柏碱、掌叶防已碱等多种生物碱。小檗碱体外试验对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、白喉杆菌、草绿色链球菌、痢疾杆菌(宋内氏志贺菌除外)、溶血性链球菌、脑膜炎球菌、霍乱弧菌均有效或有较强的抑制作用；对枯草杆菌、百日咳杆菌、破伤风杆菌亦有抑制作用；关黄柏和川黄柏的乙醚浸提物对新型隐球菌和红色发癣菌具有较强的抑菌作用，其作用比制霉菌素强，但对白色念珠菌的抑制作用比制霉菌素弱；黄柏煎剂(1g/ml生药)0.3ml/只灌胃，连续7天，能增加小鼠脾空斑形成细胞数。
5、秦皮功效：秦皮含七叶树甙(七叶甙，马栗树皮甙，秦皮甲素)、七叶树内酯(马栗树皮素，七叶树素，秦皮乙素)、秦皮甙、丁香甙、香豆素及鞣质等，具有清热燥湿，收涩，明目等功效。体外试验证明，秦皮煎剂对大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、卡他球菌、绿脓杆菌等多种细菌具有抑制作用；七叶树甙和七叶树素有止咳、祛痰、平喘作用。
6、白芍功效：白芍主要含芍药甙、牡丹酚、芍药花甙、苯甲酸、挥发油、脂肪油、树脂、鞣质、糖、淀粉、粘液质、蛋白质、β-谷甾醇和三萜类。白芍水煎剂及白芍总甙对机体的细胞免疫、体液免疫及巨噬细胞功能均有调节作用；白芍提取物和白芍总甙对急性炎症水肿及佐剂关节炎有治疗作用；白芍煎剂有抗菌、抗病毒作用，且抗菌作用较强，抗菌谱广；白芍水提物可对实验动物大鼠胰腺淀粉酶活力有抑制作用，能提高动物对高温刺激的耐受力，对实验性消化系统溃疡有防治作用。
7、乌梅功效：乌梅主含枸缘酸、苹果酸、草酸、琥珀酸和延胡索酸，还含5-羟甲基-2-糠醛、苯甲醛、4-松油烯醇、苯甲醇和十六烷酸、苦杏仁甙；具有敛肺止咳，涩肠止泻，止血，生津等功效。乌梅在体外对多种致病菌有抑制作用，如痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、百日咳杆菌、脑膜炎双球菌、结核杆菌等，对某些致病性真菌如絮状表皮癣菌、石膏样小芽胞菌等也有抑制作用。
8、诃子功效：诃子主要含诃子酸、诃黎勒酸、1，3，6-三没食子酰葡萄糖、原诃子酸、葡萄糖没食子鞣甙、没食子酸等，具有涩肠止泻、敛肺止咳、利咽开音等功效。诃子水煎剂(100％)对痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌、白喉杆菌作用较强，对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎球菌、溶血性链球菌、变形杆菌、鼠伤寒杆菌均有抑制作用；诃子提取物对流感病毒有灭活作用；诃子的醇提物口服或灌肠对消化系统粘膜有收敛作用。
9、党参功效：党参主要含甾醇、党参甙、党参多糖、党参内酯、生物碱和17种氨基酸，并含铁、锌、铜、锰、铬、钴、铝等11种微量元素和钾、钠、钙、磷、镁等14种无机盐。党参水醇浸膏与煎剂均能提升动物红细胞、血红蛋白、网织红细胞的数量，抑制血小板聚积的作用。党参能够增加腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能，提高淋巴细胞转化率、E-玫瑰花环形成率，还能增加动物体重，延缓衰老、耐缺氧、抗辐射等作用。
10、黄芪功效：黄芪含皂甙、黄酮、多糖、多种氨基酸、叶酸及硒、锌、铜等多种微量元素，具有增强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、降压、抗衰老、抗缺氧、抗辐射、抗应激、耐低温和耐高温作用。动物试验证明，能够增加网状内皮系统的吞噬功能，促进抗体形成，提高E-玫瑰花环率，促进T细胞的分化与成熟，增强NK细胞的细胞毒活性，诱导产生干扰素；对细菌脂多糖诱导的鸡外周血B淋巴细胞体外增殖也有明显的促进作用；有加强毛细血管抵抗力的作用，可对抗组织胺、氯仿造成的毛细血管渗透性增加的现象。黄芪在体外对痢疾杆菌、白喉杆菌、溶血性链球菌、肺炎双球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等有较强的抗菌作用；对动物流感病毒、腺病毒等所致的细胞病变有抑制作用。
11、甘草功效：甘草主要含甘草酸、甘草甜素、24-羟基甘草次酸、甘草黄酮、甘草素、异甘草素、甘草多糖等成分，具有抗溃疡、促进胰腺分泌、保肝、降脂、调节巨噬细胞的吞噬功能等作用。甘草酸是天然解毒剂，可用于机体抗衰老、增强免疫力、维持水盐代谢平衡等；甘草多糖具有抗腺病毒3型、单纯疱疹病毒I型活性。
本发明组方依据：大肠杆菌病已成为制约养鸡业发展的一大疾病，鸡发病后，鸡冠变紫、变白，呼吸困难，腹泻，排黄白色和绿色粪便及急性败血症或亚急性心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎等症状。故治疗上，宜以清热燥湿、凉血解毒、止痢为治则。方中白头翁、秦皮有清热解毒、凉血止痢等功效；黄连须、黄芩、黄柏有清热燥湿，泻火解毒，凉血止血等功效；乌梅、诃子具有涩肠止泻、敛肺止咳、生津止渴等功效；党参、黄芪、甘草有补中益气、生津止渴、扶正祛邪等功效，可调节机体免疫功能；白芍有平肝抑阳、养血敛阴等功效；甘草甘温益气、和中健脾，通行十二经络，调和诸药。方中诸药相和，共奏清热燥湿、凉血解毒、止痢、养阴生津的功效，适用于鸡大肠杆菌所引起的传染病。为方便在鸡病防治中的应用，制成口服液。
本发明治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的中草药口服液，是在进行了大量实际应用的基础上，依据传统医学古方，结合现代流行病学、病原学和免疫学的理论筛选而成，对由病原性大肠杆菌引起的一类肠道传染性疾病具有很好的治疗效果。
具体实施方式
结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例：
1、分别称取原料(饮片)，白头翁200g，黄连须120g，黄芩100g，黄柏80g，秦皮80g，白芍80g，乌梅60g，柯子60g，党参80g，黄芪80g，甘草60g；
2、将上述原料分别粉碎成粗粉；
3、将上述原料粗粉混合，加水7000ml浸泡1小时，水开后文火煎煮30分钟，滤过；再每次加水5000ml煎煮二次，每次20分钟；
4、合并三次滤液，浓缩至约900ml，加入0.05％苯甲酸钠作为防腐剂，加水至1000ml，搅匀，滤过，灌装，灭菌，即制得本发明治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的中草药口服液。
利用本发明中草药口服液进行的一些试验情况如下：
1、人工感染鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验
280只45日龄伊莎褐蛋鸡随机分为7组，每组40只，分组及处理方法见表1。除健康对照组注射灭菌生理盐水1ml，其余各组每只雏鸡均注射大肠杆菌液(O78，6×108个/ml)1ml。攻毒36h后试验鸡(健康对照组除外)出现大肠杆菌病典型症状，开始按表1剂量给药，连用5d，观察给药后的临床变化，每天记录各组鸡的临床症状和死亡数。
表1试验动物分组及处理方法 (单位：只)
表2鸡大肠杆菌病人工感染试验的治疗结果 (单位：只、％)
由表2可知，本发明中草药口服液高、中、低剂量组与感染对照组相比较，治愈率均差异极显著(P＜0.01)；本口服液高、中剂量组与硫酸粘杆菌素、氟苯尼考比较，治愈率呈显著差异(P＜0.05)；低剂量组的治愈率与硫酸粘杆菌素相比较差异不显著(P＞0.05)。
2、自然感染鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验
自然发病成年蛋鸡、雏鸡分别由河北省昌黎县、滦南县、卢龙县、青龙县各养殖户提供，根根据临床症状、剖检变化、动物接种试验和实验室检查结果，最后确诊为鸡大肠杆菌病。以各自感染鸡群为试验组，发病鸡群按0.5ml/只雏鸡、1ml/只成年蛋鸡的剂量将本中草药口服液混于水中饲喂，每日2次，投药5～7d为一个疗程。停药后继续观察3～5d，以临床症状消失，饮水、采食和精神状态恢复正常者判为治愈，再结合病理剖检抽测结果确定防治效果，统计治愈率。治疗结果见表3、表4。
表3中草药口服液对自然发病成年蛋鸡的治疗效果 (单位：只、％)
通过对7200只自然感染成年产蛋鸡的治疗，本发明口服液对成年产蛋鸡的大肠杆菌病有显著的治疗效果，平均治愈率为98.3％，一般经5～7d症状消失，恢复正常采食，产蛋率回升，经2～4周恢复到接近正常产蛋水平。
表4中草药口服液对自然发病雏鸡的治疗效果 (单位：只、％)
通过对12700只不同日龄雏鸡治疗观察，本发明口服液对雏鸡的大肠杆菌病有显著的治疗功效，平均治愈率为95.2％，一般经5～7d病雏康复，体重有不同程度增加，且投药全程未见鸡群有任何不良反应。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的中草药口服液，其特征在于它是由下述重量配比的原料制成的药剂：白头翁4-6份，黄连须2-4份，黄芩2-4份，黄柏1-3份，秦皮1-3份，白芍1-3份，乌梅1-3份，诃子1-2份，党参1-3份，黄芪1-3份，甘草1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的中草药口服液，其特征在于它是由下述重量配比的原料制成的药剂：白头翁5份，黄连须3份，黄芩2.5份，黄柏2份，秦皮2份，白芍2份，乌梅1.5份，诃子1.5份，党参2份，黄芪2份，甘草1.5份。
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| CN102579648A (zh) * | 2012-03-01 | 2012-07-18 | 辽宁凯为生物技术有限公司 | 一种防治禽大肠杆菌病的中药复方口服液提取工艺 |
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