CN101853906B - Circuit structure - Google Patents

Circuit structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101853906B
CN101853906B CN2009101660722A CN200910166072A CN101853906B CN 101853906 B CN101853906 B CN 101853906B CN 2009101660722 A CN2009101660722 A CN 2009101660722A CN 200910166072 A CN200910166072 A CN 200910166072A CN 101853906 B CN101853906 B CN 101853906B
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mask layer
layer
intervals
compound semiconductor
patterned mask
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CN101853906A (en
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余振华
余佳霖
陈鼎元
邱文智
林宏达
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Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co TSMC Ltd
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Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co TSMC Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
    • H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
    • H01L21/82—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
    • H01L21/8258—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using a combination of technologies covered by H01L21/8206, H01L21/8213, H01L21/822, H01L21/8252, H01L21/8254 or H01L21/8256
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02367—Substrates
    • H01L21/0237—Materials
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    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
    • H01L21/02439—Materials
    • H01L21/02455—Group 13/15 materials
    • H01L21/02458—Nitrides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
    • H01L21/02439—Materials
    • H01L21/02491—Conductive materials
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    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
    • H01L21/02494—Structure
    • H01L21/02496—Layer structure
    • H01L21/02502—Layer structure consisting of two layers
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    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521—Materials
    • H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
    • H01L21/0254—Nitrides
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    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02612—Formation types
    • H01L21/02617—Deposition types
    • H01L21/02636—Selective deposition, e.g. simultaneous growth of mono- and non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials
    • H01L21/02639—Preparation of substrate for selective deposition
    • H01L21/02642—Mask materials other than SiO2 or SiN
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    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02612—Formation types
    • H01L21/02617—Deposition types
    • H01L21/02636—Selective deposition, e.g. simultaneous growth of mono- and non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials
    • H01L21/02639—Preparation of substrate for selective deposition
    • H01L21/02645—Seed materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/20—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
    • H01L29/2003—Nitride compounds
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    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
    • H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
    • H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
    • H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
    • H01L29/66446—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material, e.g. group 13/15 velocity modulation transistor [VMT], group 13/15 negative resistance FET [NERFET]
    • H01L29/66462—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material, e.g. group 13/15 velocity modulation transistor [VMT], group 13/15 negative resistance FET [NERFET] with a heterojunction interface channel or gate, e.g. HFET, HIGFET, SISFET, HJFET, HEMT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/005—Processes
    • H01L33/0062—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds
    • H01L33/0066—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound
    • H01L33/007—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound comprising nitride compounds

Abstract

A circuit structure comprises a substrate comprising an upper portion and a lower portion; a patterned mask layer over the upper portion and in direct contact with the substrate, the patterned mask layer comprising a plurality of gaps; a buffer/nucleation layer disposed over the substrate and within the gaps in the patterned mask layer; and a group-III group-V (III-V) compound semiconductor layer disposed within the gaps in the patterned mask layer and over the buffer/nucleation layer, and further extending above the gaps to form a continuous layer over the patterned mask layer and the gaps in the patterned mask layer. The present invention can reduce the adverse amorphous structure that may affect crystallization growth of III-V compound semiconductor materials to enhance the quality of III-V compound semiconductor layer.

Description

Circuit structure
Technical field
The present invention relates to semiconductor circuit technology (semiconductor circuit manufacturingprocesses), and relate in particular to formation three-five compound semiconductor films (III-V compoundsemiconductor films).
Background technology
In recent years, three-five compound semiconductors (for example gallium nitride (GaN) and associated alloys thereof) are based on the application prospect of electronics and photoelectric cell aspect, have obtained ardent research.Utilize the specific examples of the potential photoelectric cell of three-five compound semiconductors to comprise blue light-emitting diode (blue light emittingdiodes), laser diode (laser diodes), reach ultraviolet electric explorer (ultra-violetphotodetectors).High energy gap of many three-five compound semiconductors (large band gap) and high electron saturation velocities (high electron saturation velocity) also make these semiconductors become to be applied in the candidate material of high temperature and power electronic product at a high speed.
The epitaxial growth film of three-five compound semiconductor gallium nitride is widely used for the making of light-emitting diode.Unfortunately, the epitaxy of gallium nitride film must be grown up in the substrate of non-gallium nitride, and this is because nitrogen, makes that gallium nitride bulk crystal (bulk crystal) is difficult to obtain terrifically general very high in order to the equalizing pressure under the temperature of growth bulk crystal.Because lack the suitable bulk crystal growth method at the gallium nitrate based end, gallium nitride is epitaxial deposition in different substrates generally, substrate for example is silicon, carborundum (SiC), and sapphire (sapphire, Al 2O 3) substrate.Yet gallium nitride growth is difficult in different substrates, has lattice constant (lattice constants) and the thermal coefficient of expansion (thermal expansion coefficients) that is different from gallium nitride because of these substrates.If the difficulty of gallium nitride growth is able to overcome at the bottom of the silicon wafer; With the silicon base gallium nitride growth with noticeable, because of silicon base has low cost, major diameter size, high crystallization and surface quality (high crystal and surface quality), electrical conductivity may command (controllableelectrical conductivity), and high heat conductivity advantages such as (high thermal conductivity).The use of silicon base also can make the integration between the electronic component (silicon-based electronic devices) of gallium nitride based photoelectric cell (GaN based optoelectronic devices) and silicon system more easy.
In addition, owing to lack the substrate in order to the gallium nitride growth film, the size of gallium nitride film thereby limited.The cause big stress that the gallium nitride growth film is caused on different base possibly make film crooked (bow).This bending can cause many disadvantageous effects.The first, a large amount of defectives (like insert row, dislocations) possibly produce in the gallium nitride crystal film.The second, the thickness of the final gallium nitride film that forms will be more inhomogeneous, can cause the wavelength shift that is formed at the light that photoelectric cell sent on the gallium nitride film.The 3rd, crack (cracks) possibly produce in heavily stressed gallium nitride film.
In order to lower stress and the number of insert row in the gallium nitride film, (epitaxiallateral overgrowth technique ELOG) has been used on different base, form gallium nitride film to the epitaxial lateral flop-in method.Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show known epitaxial lateral flop-in method technology.As shown in Figure 1, substrate 10 is provided.In substrate 10, form bottom (under-layer) 12, it comprises nitride semiconductor (i.e. three-five compound semiconductors, and wherein the element of the 5th family is a nitrogen), for example gallium nitride.Then, on bottom 12, form dielectric mask 14 (dielectric mask).Then; Epitaxial growth three-five compound semiconductor layers 16; Wherein epitaxial growth comprises vertical growth component (vertical growth component) and horizontal growth component (lateral overgrowth component), and it finally causes three-five continuous compound semiconductor layers 16.In Fig. 2, form additional mask layer 18, and three-five compound semiconductor layers 19 of then growing up.Moreover this growth comprises vertical growth and laterally grows up, makes three-five compound semiconductor layers 19 finally become pantostrat (continuous layer).
The formation method that is shown in three-five compound semiconductor films of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 meets with some obstruction.The first, comprise in the situation of silicon that in substrate 10 silicon in the substrate possibly react with the nitrogen in the bottom 12 and form silicon nitride.The not at the interface formation one amorphous coating (amorphous overcoat) of silicon nitride between silicon base 10 and bottom 12 that form of desire.The membrane quality of three-five compound semiconductor films that the amorphous coating influences subsequently to be grown up unfriendly.In addition, silicon nitride has high resistivity, thereby hinders the formation of vertical light electric device (vertical optoelectronic devices), wherein two be connected to photoelectric cell contact be formed on the opposition side of substrate 10.Therefore, the industry urgent need can overcome the formation method of three-five compound semiconductor films of above-mentioned shortcoming.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of circuit structure, to overcome the defective of above-mentioned known technology.
One embodiment of the invention provides a kind of circuit structure, comprises substrate, comprises that higher part reaches than lower part; Patterned mask layer is positioned on the higher part of substrate, and directly contacts with higher part, and patterned mask layer comprises a plurality of intervals; Buffering/nucleating layer is deposited on the substrate, and is positioned among the interval of patterned mask layer; And three-five compound semiconductor layers, be positioned among the interval of patterned mask layer, and be positioned on buffering/nucleating layer, and on further extending at interval and on the interval of patterned mask layer and patterned mask layer, form pantostrat.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of circuit structure, comprises substrate, comprises that higher part reaches than lower part; The intermediate layer is arranged on the higher part branch of substrate; Buffering/nucleating layer is arranged on the intermediate layer; Three-five compound semiconductor bottoms are arranged on buffering/nucleating layer; Patterned mask layer is positioned on three-five compound semiconductor bottoms, and patterned mask layer comprises a plurality of intervals; And three-five compound semiconductor layers, be arranged among the interval in the patterned mask layer, and on further extending at interval, and form pantostrat on the interval in patterned mask layer and patterned mask layer.
Further embodiment of this invention provides a kind of circuit structure, comprises substrate, comprises that higher part reaches than lower part; The intermediate layer is arranged on the higher part branch of substrate; Patterned mask layer is positioned on the intermediate layer, and directly contacts with the intermediate layer, and patterned mask layer comprises a plurality of intervals; Buffering/nucleating layer is arranged on the intermediate layer, and is arranged among the interval of patterned mask layer; And three-five compound semiconductor layers, be arranged among the interval in the patterned mask layer, and be positioned on buffering/nucleating layer, and on further extending at interval and form pantostrat on the interval in patterned mask layer and patterned mask layer.
The embodiment of the invention has many advantages.Borrowing and isolating silicon base and the element (for example, nitrogen) that possibly react with it, can eliminate the disadvantageous non crystalline structure of the crystalline growth that possibly influence three-five group iii v compound semiconductor materials.The horizontal growth of three-five compound semiconductor layers reduces the formation of insert row, thereby the quality of promoting three-five compound semiconductor layers.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show the processes well known that forms three-five compound semiconductor films.
Fig. 3-Fig. 5 shows process section according to an embodiment of the invention, and wherein mask layer directly is formed in the substrate.
Fig. 6-Fig. 7 shows process section according to another embodiment of the present invention, and wherein inculating crystal layer or transition zone are isolated substrate and three-five group iii v compound semiconductor materials on it in advance.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 show the process section according to further embodiment of this invention, and wherein three-five compound semiconductor layers and intermediate layer (inculating crystal layer or transition zone in advance) isolated substrate and three-five group iii v compound semiconductor materials on it.
Figure 10 shows in further embodiment of this invention; Comprise the wafer of borrowing three-five compound semiconductor films of laterally growing up and forming; Wherein the chip of the part of three-five compound semiconductor layers on the opposition side of line of cut grown up, and can not link each other because of laterally growing up.
Wherein, description of reference numerals is following:
10,20～substrate;
12～bottom;
14～mask;
16,19,30,34,40～compound semiconductor layer;
18,24,32～mask layer;
22～enriched carbon layer;
S～spacing;
W～width;
T～thickness;
24 '～part;
26～intermediate layer;
28～buffering/nucleating layer;
50～wafer;
52～line of cut;
54～chip.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of method and formed structure thereof of formation three-five compound semiconductor films.In following explanation; " three-five compound semiconductors " refers to comprise the compound semiconductor materials of at least one triels and at least one pentels; And " III-N compound semiconductor " refers to three-five compound semiconductors, and its pentels is a nitrogen.Below, with the required processing step of explanation formation one embodiment of the invention.Those of ordinary skills are when understanding, and other processing step possibly carry out before or after said processing step to make complete element.In various embodiments of the present invention, similar mark will be in order to indicate similar element.
Please, substrate 20 is provided with reference to Fig. 3.In one embodiment, substrate 20 is bulk substrate (bulksubstrate), and it for example comprises semi-conducting material (like silicon).Perhaps, substrate 20 can comprise sandwich construction, and for example (it has the oxide layer that is embedded between two silicon layers to semiconductor on insulator for semiconductor-on-insulator, SOI) structure.The material of substrate 20 also can be other common used materials, for example sapphire (sapphire), SiGe (SiGe), carborundum (SiC), germanium (Ge), zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc selenide (ZnSe), zinc sulphide (ZnS), gallium phosphide (GaP) or GaAs (GaAs) etc.Generally, can carry out pre-cleaning (pre-clean) technology to remove pollutant before on 20 to substrate 20 in any thin film deposition in substrate.Optionally, can carbon be entrained in the superficial layer of substrate 20, for example use and inject (implantation), diffusion (diffusion) or extension (epitaxy).Therefore, formed enriched carbon layer (carbon-richlayer) 22 in substrate 20 than top.Enriched carbon layer 22 can help avoid subsequently material in the material layer that forms and the material in the substrate 20 are mixed with each other.In one embodiment, the concentration of carbon of enriched carbon layer 22 has exceeded three one magnitude (high 1000 times) than substrate 20 than lower part.
Then, in substrate 20, form mask layer 24.Mask layer 24 directly contacts with substrate 20, i.e. do not accompany the other materials layer between substrate 20 and the mask layer 24.On the contrary, accompany three-five compound semiconductor layers between the mask 14 of Fig. 1 and the substrate 10.Get back to Fig. 3, mask layer 24 can comprise dielectric material, for example is SiN xOr SiO x(wherein, 0＜x≤3), metal material, for example tungsten (W), magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminium (Al), titanium (Ti) or chromium (Cr), metal alloy, for example titanium aluminium (Ti-Al) or aluminium silver (Al-Ag), metal nitride, for example titanium nitride (TiN) or tantalum nitride (TaN).Mask layer 24 also can comprise the sandwich construction of above-mentioned material layer.Suitable deposition process in order to form mask layer 24 comprises physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).In certain embodiments, it possibly be favourable using the mask layer 24 of metal material, and therefore mask layer 24 also has the function of conduction carrier in the vertical light electric device (carriers), and wherein two contacts of vertical light electric device are formed on the opposition side of substrate 20.If it is particularly advantageous being formed between substrate 20 and three-five compound semiconductor layers 30 (not being shown in Fig. 3, please with reference to Fig. 4) in the interval (gap) of high resistance material in mask layer 24.
Then, with mask layer 24 patternings so that the surface of substrate 20 optionally expose through the interval between the reserve part of mask layer 24.Patterning can borrowed use dry-etching and/or Wet-type etching and carry out.The reserve part of mask layer 24 can have the shape of any width and interval controlled system, and can form parallel rectangular or other periodic patterns.In other embodiments, the reserve part of mask layer 24 can be arranged to array (array) or other periodic patterns, and wherein each reserve part can have square, strip or polygon (referring to plan view shape).In another embodiment, the reserve part of mask layer 24 can form trellis connected to one another (interconnected grid structure), and window is wherein used so that the substrate 20 of below is exposed.In one embodiment, the interval S between the reserve part of mask layer 24 is between about 0.05 μ m and about 10 μ m, and the width W of the reserve part of each mask layer 24 is about 2 μ m.Ratio between width W and the interval S preferably is no more than about 20.Thickness T can be between about 2nm between about 6 μ m.Yet those of ordinary skills are when understanding, and the described size of this specification is merely explanation usefulness for example, and can be for example because of using different formation technology to change.
In one embodiment, the reserve part of mask layer 24 has vertical sidewall, and it can borrowed use dry-etching in the patterning step of mask layer 24 and form.Perhaps, as make with dashed lines sign, the reserve part of mask layer 24 can have (slanted) sidewall of inclination, it can borrowed and in the patterning step of mask layer 24, be used in combination dry-etching and Wet-type etching and form.The reserve part of mask layer 24 (and as shown in Figure 5, the mask layer 32 that forms subsequently) is fit to the horizontal growth of three-five group iii v compound semiconductor materials subsequently.
Fig. 4 shows and optionally to form intermediate layer (intermediate layer) 26, and it only is formed in the interval between the reserve part of mask layer 24, but directly is not formed on the reserve part of mask layer 24.In one embodiment; Intermediate layer 26 is a preparatory inculating crystal layer (pre-seeding layer); In this specification, its be defined as one comprise metal material layer, included metal for example is aluminium (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), indium (In), zinc (Zn) or aforesaid combination.In advance inculating crystal layer can deposit by CVD or PVD.In another embodiment, intermediate layer 26 is a transition zone (transition layer), in this specification; It is defined as a material layer, comprises metal, for example is titanium (Ti) or silver (Ag), metal alloy; For example be titanium aluminium (Ti-Al), metal nitride; For example being titanium nitride (TiN) or tantalum nitride (TaN), metal carbides, for example is ramet (TaC) or titanium carbide (TiC) or metal nitrogen carbide, for example is TiCN (TiCN) or nitrogen ramet (TaCN).Intermediate layer 26 also can comprise the combination of preparatory inculating crystal layer and transition zone.The thickness in intermediate layer 26 can be between about 1nm and about 100nm.
Fig. 4 shows that also selectivity forms buffering/nucleating layer (buffer/nucleation) 28.In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, buffering/nucleating layer 28 only selectivity is formed in the interval between the reserve part of mask layer 24, but directly is not formed on the reserve part of mask layer 24.In this specification; " buffering/nucleating layer " refers to a material layer; Comprise three-five compound semiconductors, for example III-N compound semiconductor (like GaN), metal nitride, metal carbides, carbonitride (metal carbon-nitride), simple metal, metal alloy or material.Buffering/nucleating layer 28 can comprise the material of more or less the same or similar three-five compound semiconductor layers 30 that will form on it (will in hereinafter narration).In one embodiment, buffering/nucleating layer 28 can for example use PVD or CVD and form under about 600 ℃.
Then, use epitaxial lateral flop-in method (ELOG) buffering/nucleating layer 28 three-five compound semiconductor layers 30 that begin to grow up certainly.Three-five compound semiconductor layers 30 can form under the formation temperature that is higher than buffering/nucleating layer 28, thereby form crystalline texture (crystalline structure) compared to buffering/nucleating layer 28 than non crystalline structure (more amorphousstructure).In one embodiment, three-five compound semiconductor layers 30 comprise GaN, InN, AlN, In xGa (1-x)N, Al xGa (1-x)N, Al xIn (1-x)N, Al xIn yGa (1-x-y)N or aforesaid combination.Its formation method comprises Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), organic metal vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE), plasma auxiliary chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), long-distance plasma assistant chemical vapor deposition (remote plasma enhanced CVD; RPCVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), hydride gas-phase epitaxy (hydride vapor phase epitaxy; HVPE), chloride vapor phase epitaxy (chloride vapor phase epitaxy; Cl-VPE) and/or liquid phase epitaxy (liquid phase epitaxy, LPE).When growing up three-five compound semiconductor layers 30; On buffering/nucleating layer 28 during it is deposited at interval earlier, then growing up continues to carry out up to material layer from exposing at interval and on mask layer 24, combining and form continuous epitaxial growth layer (continuous overgrownlayer).Advantageously, when the top surface of three-five compound semiconductor layers 30 grew to the level that is higher than mask layer 24, three-five compound semiconductor layers 30 can vertically and laterally be grown up, and laterally growth can be beneficial to the difference row's number that reduces in the crystal structure.
Please, form additional mask layer 32 and three-five compound semiconductor layers 34 with reference to Fig. 5.The material of additional mask layer 32 can comprise and is same as the previous said material that is suitable for as mask layer 24, and its deposition process can be selected from previous said method in order to deposition mas layer 24.Similarly, extra three-five compound semiconductor layers 34 can use with previous described three-five compound semiconductor layers, 30 identical materials and method and form.Preferably, the additional mask layer 32 of part is located immediately on the interval in the mask layer 24 and can on the whole covers at interval.Therefore, mask layer 32 can have separated portions (for example, rectangular, stripes), or form and to have window (or spacing) in connection pattern wherein.Similar in appearance to three-five compound semiconductor layers 30, extra three-five compound semiconductor layers 34 are vertical and laterally grow up, the component of wherein laterally growing up finally cause three-five continuous compound semiconductor layers 34 that will form.Advantageously; Borrowing reserve part directly to be positioned on the interval in the mask layer 24 with mask layer 32; The vertical growth of three-five compound semiconductor layers 30 can be exchanged into the horizontal growth of three-five compound semiconductor layers 34, and the difference row's number in three-five compound semiconductor layers 34 can further reduce.
Afterwards, can form a photoelectric cell (not shown) at formation three-five compound semiconductor layers 34 (it can or undope through doping).Photoelectric cell can comprise at least a in the following institute array structure; Possible structure comprises PN junction (P-N junction), homogeneous knot (homojunction), heterojunction (heterojunction), single SQW (single-quantum well; SQW) or multiple quantum trap (multi-quantum well MQW) (is not shown among the figure).Those of ordinary skills are when understanding corresponding structure.Corresponding photoelectric cell can be light-emitting diode (LED) or light sensitive diode (photo diode).
Fig. 6-Fig. 9 shows another embodiment of the present invention.Among the embodiment that is discussed hereinafter, only if special the discussion, components identical as discussed previously will adopt same tag to indicate.Similarly, forming the used material of each material layer and its deposition process can be identical with the embodiment of Fig. 3-shown in Figure 5.Fig. 6-Fig. 7 shows the present invention one second embodiment.As shown in Figure 6, replacement directly is formed at the mask layer 24 in the substrate 20, is formed on the substrate 20 intermediate layer 26 code-patterns, and wherein intermediate layer 26 can be preparatory inculating crystal layer or transition zone.Then, directly on intermediate layer 26, form mask layer 24 also with it patterning.In other words, do not accompany the other materials layer between mask layer 24 and the intermediate layer 26.As the embodiment among Fig. 3-Fig. 5, buffering/nucleating layer 28 is formed in the interval in the mask layer 24, and then forms three-five compound semiconductor layers 30.
As shown in Figure 7, form additional mask layer 32 and three-five extra compound semiconductor layers 34.Likewise, mask layer 24 and 32 the reserve part edge (shown in dotted line) that can have vertical edge (shown in solid line) or tilt.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 show further embodiment of this invention.In the embodiment of Fig. 8, code-pattern forms intermediate layer 26 on substrate 20.Then code-pattern forms buffering/nucleating layer 28 on intermediate layer 26, and then forms three-five compound semiconductor layers 40.Then, on three-five compound semiconductor layers 40, form mask layer 24 also with it patterning.Then, as discussed previously, form three-five compound semiconductor layers 30.
Identical ground, Fig. 9 shows the formation of additional mask layer 32 and extra three-five compound semiconductor layers 34.The edge (shown in dotted line) that mask layer 24 and 32 reserve part can have vertical edge (shown in solid line) or tilt.
In above-described embodiment, on the whole three-five compound semiconductor layers 30 and 34 can extend and spread all over entire chip, even spread all over entire wafer.The part of Figure 10 shows wafer 50, it comprises the line of cut (scribe lines) 52 of chip 54 and separating chips 54.Mask layer 24 preferably has the part 24 ' that extends into line of cut 52.In an embodiment of the present invention, mask layer part 24 ' is enough wide, and therefore the chip 54 of the part of three-five compound semiconductor layers 30 on the opposition side of line of cut 52 grown up, and can not link each other because of laterally growing up.Therefore, help to lower stress effect during the chip cutting process.
The embodiment of the invention can have other variations.For example, can omit the formation of additional mask layer 32 and extra three-five compound semiconductor layers 34.Perhaps, after forming additional mask layer 32 and extra three-five compound semiconductor layers 34, can form more mask layer and three-five compound semiconductor layers quality with further enhancement three-five compound semiconductor layers that formed.
The embodiment of the invention has many advantages.Borrowing and isolating silicon base 20 and the element (for example, nitrogen) that possibly react with it, can eliminate the disadvantageous non crystalline structure of the crystalline growth that possibly influence three-five group iii v compound semiconductor materials.Three-five compound semiconductor layers 30 and 34 horizontal growth reduce difference row's formation, thereby the quality of promoting three-five compound semiconductor layers.
Though the present invention discloses as above with several preferred embodiments; Yet it is not in order to limit the present invention; Any those of ordinary skills; Do not breaking away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when can changing arbitrarily and retouching, so protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion when looking the scope that claim defined of enclosing.

Claims (13)

1. circuit structure comprises:
One substrate comprises a higher part and than lower part, and this higher part branch has a higher carbon concentration compared to this than lower part;
One patterned mask layer is positioned on this higher part of this substrate, and directly contacts with this higher part, and this patterned mask layer comprises a plurality of intervals;
One buffering/nucleating layer is deposited on this substrate, and is positioned among said a plurality of intervals of this patterned mask layer; And
One three-five compound semiconductor layers; Be positioned among said a plurality of intervals of this patterned mask layer; And be positioned on this buffering/nucleating layer, and further extend on said a plurality of interval and on said a plurality of intervals of this patterned mask layer and this patterned mask layer, form a pantostrat.
2. circuit structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of carbon in this higher part of this substrate exceed 1000 times than being somebody's turn to do of this substrate than the concentration of carbon in the lower part.
3. circuit structure as claimed in claim 1 also comprises an intermediate layer, is arranged under this buffering/nucleating layer, and is arranged among this interval of this patterned mask layer.
4. circuit structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein this intermediate layer is a preparatory inculating crystal layer or a transition zone.
5. circuit structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein this buffering/nucleating layer comprises one three-five compound semiconductors, a metal nitride, metal carbides, a carbonitride, a simple metal, a metal alloy or a material.
6. circuit structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein this mask layer comprises a dielectric material, a metal or a metal alloy.
7. circuit structure as claimed in claim 1 also comprises:
One additional pattern mask layer is arranged on this three-five compound semiconductors layer, and this additional pattern mask layer comprises a plurality of intervals; And
One extra three-five compound semiconductor layers; Be arranged among the said a plurality of intervals in this additional pattern mask layer; And further extend on the said a plurality of intervals in this additional pattern mask layer, and form a pantostrat on the said a plurality of intervals in this additional pattern mask layer and this additional pattern mask layer.
8. circuit structure comprises:
One substrate comprises a higher part and than lower part, and this higher part branch has a higher carbon concentration compared to this than lower part;
One intermediate layer is arranged on this higher part branch of this substrate;
One buffering/nucleating layer is arranged on this intermediate layer;
One three-five compound semiconductor bottoms are arranged on this buffering/nucleating layer;
One patterned mask layer is positioned on this three-five compound semiconductors bottom, and this patterned mask layer comprises a plurality of intervals; And
One three-five compound semiconductor layers; Be arranged among the said a plurality of intervals in this patterned mask layer; And further extend on said a plurality of interval, and form a pantostrat on the said a plurality of intervals in this patterned mask layer and this patterned mask layer.
9. circuit structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein this buffering/nucleating layer comprises one three-five compound semiconductors, a metal nitride, metal carbides, a carbonitride, a simple metal, a metal alloy or a material.
10. circuit structure as claimed in claim 8 also comprises:
One additional pattern mask layer is arranged on this three-five compound semiconductors layer, and this additional pattern mask layer comprises a plurality of intervals; And
One extra three-five compound semiconductor layers; Be arranged among the said a plurality of intervals in this additional pattern mask layer; And further extend on the said a plurality of intervals in this additional pattern mask layer, and form a pantostrat on the said a plurality of intervals in this additional pattern mask layer and this additional pattern mask layer.
11. a circuit structure comprises:
One substrate comprises a higher part and than lower part, and this higher part branch has a higher carbon concentration compared to this than lower part;
One intermediate layer is arranged on this higher part branch of this substrate;
One patterned mask layer is positioned on this intermediate layer, and directly contacts with this intermediate layer, and this patterned mask layer comprises a plurality of intervals;
One buffering/nucleating layer is arranged on this intermediate layer, and is arranged among said a plurality of intervals of this patterned mask layer; And
One three-five compound semiconductor layers; Be arranged among the said a plurality of intervals in this patterned mask layer; And be positioned on this buffering/nucleating layer, and further extend on said a plurality of interval and form a pantostrat on the said a plurality of intervals in this patterned mask layer and this patterned mask layer.
12. circuit structure as claimed in claim 11, wherein this buffering/nucleating layer comprises one three-five compound semiconductors, a metal nitride, metal carbides, a carbonitride, a simple metal, a metal alloy or a material.
13. circuit structure as claimed in claim 11 also comprises:
One additional pattern mask layer is arranged on this three-five compound semiconductors layer, and this additional pattern mask layer comprises a plurality of intervals; And
One extra three-five compound semiconductor layers; Be arranged among the said a plurality of intervals in this additional pattern mask layer; And further extend on the said a plurality of intervals in this additional pattern mask layer, and form a pantostrat on the said a plurality of intervals in this additional pattern mask layer and this additional pattern mask layer.
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