CN101852074B - Method and system for exploiting lamellar super-heavy oil deposit - Google Patents
Method and system for exploiting lamellar super-heavy oil deposit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a system for exploiting lamellar super-heavy oil deposit. The method comprises the following steps of: arranging a multi-bore well, a central steam injection well and a producing well in an exploitation region; closing the central steam injection well and the producing well and performing steam stimulation by using the multi-bore well until the temperature of each oil layer reaches the temperature corresponding to a second-order inflection point of a crude oil viscosity-temperature relation curve; opening the multi-bore well and the central steam injection well and injecting steam into the oil layers; closing the multi-bore well and the central steam injection well for soaking; and opening the producing well to perform steam driving exploitation. In the method, the multi-bore well is used for performing the steam stimulation according to the characteristics of the multi-layer super-heavy oil deposit; a plurality of branch wells are drilled in a main pitshaft by a side-tracking method and are embedded into each oil layer of the oil deposit; the whole exploitation range is heated comprehensively and three-dimensionally; steam waves and regions as big as possible are formed with the cooperation of the central steam injection well; and the mobility of the super-heavy oil and the oil-water mobility ratio are improved, and the problems that the lamellar super-heavy oil has high viscosity and is difficult to drive and the steam sweeping range is small are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of super viscous crude (viscosity is greater than 50000mPa.s) thermal process and system, particularly about a kind of exploitation method for lamellar super-heavy oil deposit and system.
Background technology
According to the viscous crude criteria for classification of China, viscosity belongs to super viscous crude greater than the crude oil of 50000mPa.s, and take the super viscous crude in Liaohe Oil Field daybreak one district as example, super viscous crude stock tank oil viscosity is up to 20 * 10
4About mPa.s, but flowing temperature is about 80 ℃, and when reservoir temperature was lower than 80 ℃, crude oil did not flow under the bottom condition, and oil well output quickly falls to zero.Because the flowability of super viscous crude is too poor, the investment that causes ultra-thick oil thermal to be adopted is higher, and the exploitation risk is larger than common oil reservoir, therefore selects suitable mining type particularly important for different reservoir conditions.
The main method that at present ultra-thick oil thermal is adopted in the world wide comprises two kinds of SAGD (SAGD) and steam soaks.Steam assisted gravity drainage techniques is in Canada and China Liaohe Oil Field successful Application, its principle is steam injection in the steam injection well, steam forms vapor chamber in the stratum, vapor chamber upwards reaches sideways expansion, with the crude oil generation interchange of heat in the oil reservoir, the crude oil after the heating and steam condensate (SC) are let out output in the following horizontal production well by Action of Gravity Field.The recovery ratio of steam assisted gravity oil recovery technique is at 40%-60%, be applicable to exploit the individual layer super-heavy oil deposit, but for the lamellar super-heavy oil deposit that has interlayer and interlayer between oil reservoir, since lamellar super-heavy oil deposit exist thickness in monolayer input-output ratio little, that return exploitation on successively low, be difficult to realize the problem such as sufficient interlayer heating, therefore can't adopt the steam assisted gravity oil recovery technique.In addition, shown by the SAGD field trial of carrying out at the super-heavy oil deposit of Liaohe Oil Field and Karamay Oil Fields in Xinjiang, if use the steam assisted gravity oil recovery technique in lamellar super-heavy oil deposit, water retention capacity exceeds standard in the horizontal production well, and its control shipwreck degree is much larger than straight well.
The steam soak technology is a more successful the Technology of Heavy Oil Recovery, and its principle is by the crude oil in the Steam Heating oil reservoir, makes its reduced viscosity, and for the high oil reservoir of pressure, the elastic energy of oil reservoir mode with driving-energy behind the heating oil reservoir discharges.But as a kind of buck exploitation method, along with the steam soak round increases, the near wellbore zone formation pressure descends, the super viscous crude flow difficulties in well area far away, output is successively decreased rapidly so that handle up, therefore the mining principle of steam soak has determined that its ultimate recovery is not high, and the recovery ratio of the super viscous crude of steam soak exploitation is generally at 10%-20%.Because near the high temperature that steam soak forms nearly pit shaft, high pressure release zone, so that follow-up vapour driving oil recovery is difficult to realize.Do not have at present a kind of suitable steam soak rear-guard for technology, improve the recoverable reserves of lamellar super-heavy oil, fundamentally reverse the lamellar super-heavy oil deposit situation that production decline is fast, displacement is underproduce of handling up.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of mode by multiple well type combination and carry out exploitation via steam injection, enlarge as far as possible the steam swept volume, increase the recoverable reserves of lamellar super-heavy oil, also can adjust flexibly the direction that takes effect that super thick oil steam drive is adopted, thereby improve the exploitation method that is used for lamellar super-heavy oil deposit of recovery ratio, and the mining system that is used for realizing above-mentioned exploitation method.
A kind of exploitation method for lamellar super-heavy oil deposit of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1) multihole well more than two mouthfuls or two mouthfuls is set in mining area, and center steam injection well and the producing well more than a bite is set in described mining area;
2) close described center steam injection well and producing well, utilize described multihole well to carry out steam soak, until the temperature in the oil reservoir reaches till the corresponding temperature of second order flex point of viscosity of crude-temperature relation curve, carry out step 3);
3) open simultaneously steam injection in the oil reservoir of described multihole well and center steam injection well, inject and carry out step 4 after complete);
4) described multihole well is closed boil in a covered pot over a slow fire well, close simultaneously described center steam injection well, or make described center steam injection well keep low speed to inject state;
5) open described producing well and carry out vapour driving oil recovery.
The number of described producing well is 8, anti-9 the square well patterns of described producing well and center steam injection well construction.
Described step 4) in, if oil reservoir is fully heated in the described steam soak process, then can prolong the stewing well time, if core intersection is thin, then shorten the stewing well time.
Described step 5) in, when described vapour driving oil recovery starts, opens first from the producing well of described center steam injection well away from, after producing well far away reaches the design liquid measure, open again from the producing well of described center steam injection well close to.
Described step 5) in, not up to standard if any the liquid measure of producing well, close all producing wells, repeating step 4).
Described step 5) in, opens described multihole well and cooperate described center steam injection well and producing well to adjust the direction that takes effect of vapour driving oil recovery.
A kind of mining system of implementing above-mentioned exploitation method for lamellar super-heavy oil deposit, it comprises the multihole well that is arranged in the mining area, a center steam injection well and flatly or the above producing well of a bite; The steam that wherein said center steam injection well is arranged on described multihole well formation involves zone central authorities, and described producing well forms well pattern around described steam involves the zone.
Described steam involves the zone can control whole mining area.
The configuration of described well pattern is wanted to catch steam and is involved all moveable oils in the zone.
Described well pattern is anti-9 square well patterns or skewed pattern.
The number of described multihole well is more than two mouthfuls or two mouthfuls.
Technique effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention at first carries out steam soak by multihole well, lamellar super-heavy oil deposit is carried out preheating, obtain larger steam oil production amount, cyclic steam stimulation is opened multihole well and center steam injection well after finishing, inject a large amount of steam to lamellar super-heavy oil deposit simultaneously, the process of boiling in a covered pot over a slow fire well through after a while multihole well and center steam injection well again, the heat that carries by steam reduce the viscosity of super viscous crude and also set up as early as possible producing pressure differential between injection-production well, are beneficial to the realization of follow-up displacement process; After but thermometric display layer shape super-heavy oil deposit temperature has risen to super viscous crude flowing temperature between well, open first distance center steam injection well producing well far away, when these distant wells reach the design liquid measure, open again all the other producing wells, enter the vapour driving oil recovery state.The present invention uses multihole well to carry out steam soak, tentatively makes the oil reservoir energy decline, for the startup of follow-up steam flooding process provides the temperature and pressure condition, also can obtain a part of crude output simultaneously.
After entering the vapour driving oil recovery state, when carrying out multihole well and center steam injection well group when closing steam injection, because multihole well can be according to the characteristics of multilayer super-heavy oil deposit, many Multilateral Wells of sidetracking are goed deep in each oil reservoir of oil reservoir in a main hole, whole limit of mining is carried out comprehensively heating of solid, under the cooperation of center steam injection well, form large as far as possible steam and involve the zone, improve the mobile of super viscous crude and improve the profit mobility ratio, solve lamellar super-heavy oil viscosity height, be difficult to drive, steam flooding is swept the little problem of scope.
The present invention carries out the simultaneously step of steam injection, stewing well of steam injection well and multihole well turning the vapour initial stage of driving, and can improve fast reservoir temperature and replenish stratum energy, is beneficial to the as early as possible realization of follow-up displacement process.
The present invention aborning also can be according to the liquid measure of different producing wells situation up to standard, repeat the stewing well step of many wheels, or cooperate corresponding producing well open and close, adjust flexibly the direction that takes effect that super thick oil steam drive is adopted, thereby increase as far as possible the recoverable reserves of lamellar super-heavy oil deposit.
Carry out because recovery process of the present invention can comprise handle up heating and two steps of vapour driving oil recovery, wherein directionality is driven the design of adopting and can be solved to turn behind the common super-heavy oil deposit steam soak and drive, and the problem of channelling between injection-production well easily occurs.
The present invention uses multihole well to carry out steam soak, tentatively makes the oil reservoir energy decline, for the startup of follow-up steam flooding process provides the temperature and pressure condition, also can obtain a part of crude output simultaneously.Entering vapour driving oil recovery after the stage, when carrying out multihole well and center steam injection well group when closing steam injection, because multihole well can be according to the characteristics of multilayer super-heavy oil deposit, many Multilateral Wells of sidetracking are goed deep in each oil reservoir of oil reservoir in a main hole, whole limit of mining is carried out comprehensively heating of solid, under the cooperation of center steam injection well, form large as far as possible steam and involve the zone, improve the mobile of super viscous crude and improve the profit mobility ratio, solve lamellar super-heavy oil viscosity height, be difficult to drive, steam flooding is swept the little problem of scope.
The present invention carries out the simultaneously step of steam injection, stewing well of steam injection well and multihole well turning the vapour initial stage of driving, and can improve fast reservoir temperature and replenish stratum energy, is beneficial to the as early as possible realization of follow-up displacement process.
The present invention aborning also can be according to the liquid measure of different producing wells situation up to standard, repeat the stewing well step of many wheels, or cooperate corresponding producing well open and close, adjust flexibly the direction that takes effect that super thick oil steam drive is adopted, thereby increase as far as possible the recoverable reserves of lamellar super-heavy oil deposit.
Carry out because recovery process of the present invention can comprise steam soak and two steps of vapour driving oil recovery, wherein directionality is driven and is turned the problem of driving channelling between easy generation injection-production well after the design of adopting can solve common super-heavy oil deposit steam soak.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is super viscosity of thickened oil-temperature relation curve synoptic diagram in the experimental example 1 of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the oil extraction system for lamellar super-heavy oil deposit of the present invention
Fig. 3 is point for measuring temperature distribution schematic diagram of the present invention
Each label is as follows among the figure:
The 1-multihole well; 2-center steam injection well; The 3-producing well; The 4-point for measuring temperature;
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the mobile feature of super viscous crude that represents according to this viscosity-temperature dependency curve arranges mining system, with Karamay Oil Fields in Xinjiang six
2+3The district is example, and degassed crude viscosity is 5～20 * 10 under the reservoir temperature
4MPa.s chooses viscosity of crude 13.0 * 10 in the present embodiment
4Indoor numerical simulation study has been carried out in the zone of mPa.s.The preferred two mouthfuls of multihole wells 1 of the mining system of present embodiment, a bite center steam injection well 2 and eight mouthfuls of producing wells 3 form anti-9 square well patterns.
At first carry out steam soak at two mouthfuls of multihole wells 1, after 5 rounds of handling up, center steam injection well 2 and two mouthfuls of multihole wells 1 begin steam injection simultaneously, the preferred 150～200m of steam injection amount
3/ m.ha, steam injection rate are 300 tons/day, steam injection 10 days.Then closing center's steam injection well 2 and two mouthfuls of multihole wells 1 are boiled in a covered pot over a slow fire well simultaneously, open the four-hole producing well 3 that is positioned at the well pattern bight after 10 days, open center steam injection well 2 after 15 days, open the four-hole producing well 3 of well pattern limit section after 43 days, beginning take anti-9 square well patterns as main, adjust the composite vapor that steam involves the vapor chamber leading edge direction in the zone by two mouthfuls of multihole wells 1 and drive exploitation.As shown in table 1, compare with straight well steam soak mining type on earth in the present embodiment, use the recovery ratio of mining type of the present invention to increase by 21%, oil increasing effect is obvious.
Table 1 is the condition of production statistics of present embodiment
| Mining type | The steam injection amount | Oil production | Gas oil ratio | Recovery ratio |
| Steam soak | 13.8 | 2.15 | 0.156 | 12.7 |
| This mining system | 43.7 | 5.74 | 0.131 | 33.9 |
As shown in Figure 2, be communicated with the high characteristics of degree according to the same set of series of strata oil reservoir of lamellar super-heavy oil deposit, with the synthetic oil extraction system of many mouthfuls of adjacent well groups, wherein oil extraction system comprises the multihole well 1 that is arranged in the mining area, be used for carrying out combined type steam injection and stewing well, the steam that formation can be controlled whole oil reservoir involves the zone, to reach thermal communication between well, provides the possibility of adjusting heat front for follow-up vapour driving oil recovery; A center steam injection well 2 is arranged on the central authorities that this steam involves the zone, and is rear to the oil reservoir steam injection for finishing at cyclic steam stimulation, carries out vapour driving oil recovery; More than one producing well 3 steam involve the zone around form well pattern, be used for output crude oil, and by the corresponding producing well of switch, adjust flexibly the direction that takes effect of vapour driving oil recovery.
Multihole well 1 is the well that sidetracking goes out two or more branch well cylinders from a main hole, according to the condition of oil reservoir, selects a plurality of Multilateral Wells pit shafts are drilled in same oil reservoir or the different oil reservoir.Because the branch well cylinder of multihole well 1 gos deep into each oil reservoir in the oil reservoir, the steam that therefore injects can heat oil reservoir effectively.Center steam injection well 2 and producing well 3 are straight well, the type that producing well 3 forms well pattern can be selected according to the actual conditions of oil reservoir, as traditional by a center steam injection well 2 and eight anti-9 square well patterns that producing well 3 forms, or the skewed pattern of selecting according to accurate reservoir description.
In the native system, quantity and the position of the length of multihole well 1, quantity and position and producing well 3 can be arranged according to situations such as the oil reservoir shape of multilayer super-heavy oil deposit, sedimentary facies distribution, in the present embodiment number of multihole well 1 preferred two or more.The steam that multihole well 1 is combined to form involves the zone to be wanted to control whole mining area, therefore can calculate in advance the steam that obtains according to numerical simulation or analytical Calculation mode and involve each design parameters that multihole well 1 is determined in the zone.Producing well 3 quantity and position in the well pattern are subjected to the impact of oil reservoir shape, sedimentary facies distribution larger, be that the configuration of the well pattern that forms of whole producing well 3 is wanted to catch steam and involved all moveable oils in the zone, and guarantee that the vapor chamber that steam involves in the zone can expand smoothly in reservoir, therefore in actual design to satisfy in the whole oil extraction system extraction-injection than being not less than 1.2 as principle.
Exploitation method for lamellar super-heavy oil deposit of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1) closing center's steam injection well 2 and producing well 3 carry out combined steam by above-mentioned multihole well 1 and handle up, and make the oil reservoir energy decline when being used for the heating oil reservoir, and wherein the round of steam soak determines according to reservoir condition and crude oil property.As shown in Figure 3, when the temperature of four points for measuring temperature 4 in the multihole well 1 reaches temperature corresponding to the second order flex point of super viscosity of thickened oil-temperature relation curve, the steam soak stage that namely shows multihole well 1 can finish, and reaches the startup sign of vapour driving oil recovery, and this moment, the rheological characteristic of super viscous crude obviously improved.Point for measuring temperature 4 should evenly distribute and involve in the zone with steam, can be observed the heating state of whole oil reservoir.
2) open multihole well 1 and center steam injection well 2, adopt many wells type combination steam injection simultaneously in the super Heavy Oil Reservoir, the steam injection amount is according to oil reservoir and fluid condition, by numerical simulation or analytical Calculation setting.After the steam injection of setting is complete, carry out step 3).
3) multihole well 1 is closed a period of time and boil in a covered pot over a slow fire well, the time of stewing well decides according to handle up early stage situation and reservoir condition.Its mid-early stage handle up situation according to early stage handling capacity and gas oil ratio determine, development effectiveness is good if handle up early stage, near the nearly well zone is fully heated, for a long time stewing well can not cause the crude oil of backflow can't advance pump, then the stewing well time can proper extension, and the steam that center steam injection well 2 is injected can feed through to the larger scope of oil reservoir; If but core intersection is thin, the stewing well time will correspondingly shorten.During stewing well, while closing center's steam injection well 2, or make center steam injection well 2 still keep injecting state than low speed; If open center steam injection well 2, then its injection rate mainly according to core intersection, steam involve the zone, the injectability in stewing well stage is relevant, it is large that core intersection is large, steam involves the zone, then injection rate is large.Handling up, rear injection-boiling in a covered pot over a slow fire the injectability in well stage depends on oil reservoir energy resume speed, crosses slow or too fast injection rate and can not be conducive to the recovery of oil reservoir energy.
4) open producing well 3 and carry out vapour driving oil recovery, when vapour driving oil recovery starts, open first decentre steam injection well 2 producing well 3 far away, after producing well far away 3 reaches the design liquid measure, open again the nearer producing well of decentre steam injection well 2.
In the manufacturing process of vapour driving oil recovery, if find that the liquid measure of some producing well 3 is not up to standard, can close all producing well 3 and repeating steps 3), carry out taking turns or taking turns more multihole well 1 and center steam injection well 2 simultaneously steam injection and stewing well, single multihole well 1 steam injection and stewing well, cooperate the open and close of corresponding producing well 3, by increasing the local pressure on every side of liquid measure producing well 3 not up to standard, adjust the direction that takes effect of the vapour driving oil recovery of super-heavy oil deposit.
Claims (8)
1. exploitation method that is used for lamellar super-heavy oil deposit is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
1) multihole well more than two mouthfuls or two mouthfuls is set in mining area, and center steam injection well and the producing well more than a bite is set in mining area;
2) closing center's steam injection well and producing well utilize multihole well to carry out steam soak, until the temperature of four points for measuring temperature reaches till the corresponding temperature of second order flex point of viscosity of crude-temperature relation curve in the multihole well, carry out steps 3);
3) open simultaneously steam injection in the oil reservoir of multihole well and center steam injection well, inject and carry out step 4 after complete);
4) multihole well is closed boil in a covered pot over a slow fire well, closing center's steam injection well simultaneously, or make center steam injection well keep low speed to inject state;
5) open producing well and carry out vapour driving oil recovery.
2. a kind of exploitation method for lamellar super-heavy oil deposit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: step 4) in, oil reservoir is fully heated in the steam soak process, then prolong the stewing well time, or core intersection is thin, then shortens the stewing well time.
3. a kind of exploitation method for lamellar super-heavy oil deposit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 5) in, when vapour driving oil recovery starts, open first decentre steam injection well producing well far away, after producing well far away reaches the design liquid measure, open again the nearer producing well of decentre steam injection well.
4. a kind of exploitation method for lamellar super-heavy oil deposit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: step 5) in, the liquid measure of producing well is not up to standard, closes all producing wells, repeating step 4).
5. a kind of exploitation method for lamellar super-heavy oil deposit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: step 5) in, close all producing well 3 and repeating steps 3).
6. mining system of implementing the exploitation method for lamellar super-heavy oil deposit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: it comprises the multihole well that is arranged on mining area in, a center steam injection well and flatly or the producing well more than a bite; The steam that center steam injection well is arranged on multihole well formation involves zone central authorities, and producing well forms well pattern around steam involves the zone.
7. a kind of mining system for lamellar super-heavy oil deposit as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the number of multihole well is more than two mouthfuls or two mouthfuls; Multihole well is by a main hole, and many Multilateral Wells of going deep into each oil reservoir of oil reservoir of sidetracking consist of.
8. a kind of mining system for lamellar super-heavy oil deposit as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the number of described producing well is 8, anti-9 the square well patterns of described producing well and center steam injection well construction.
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| CN103541704B (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2017-07-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of method for improving deep super-thick oil reservoir recovery efficiency |
| CN103321617B (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2015-10-14 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Special thick oil and super-heavy oil deposit nanometer magnetofluid huff and puff oil recovery method and well pattern structure |
| CN103590798B (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2016-08-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of super-viscous oil steam injection recovery is boiled in a covered pot over a slow fire the determination method of well time and calculates device |
| CN108019194A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2018-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The method that more well linkage steam injections improve development result of heavy oil reservoirs |
| CN106761575A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | The recovery method and system of oil-sand |
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| CN109267981B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-10-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for configuring liquid production capacity of steam flooding corner well |
| CN111441756A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2020-07-24 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for oil exploitation |
| CN110454124B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-07-27 | 陈建国 | Oil extraction method |
| CN112824648B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2022-10-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Steam flooding mining method |
| CN113622885B (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2023-02-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Layered injection-production method for improving recovery ratio through gas injection |
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