CN101850438B - Process for milling nickel-based alloy by nanoparticles at high speed and nano cutting fluid - Google Patents
Process for milling nickel-based alloy by nanoparticles at high speed and nano cutting fluid Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a machining method and a machining material, and relates to a process for milling a nickel-based alloy by nanoparticles at a high speed and nano cutting fluid. The nano cutting process is performed by applying nanoscale particles of a solid material to the high-speed cutting process of the nickel-based alloy. The nano cutting fluid is prepared by mixing the nanoscale particles of the solid material and liquid cutting fluid. Compared with a conventional water-based or oil-based cutting fluid, the nano cutting fluid has the advantages that the indexes such as the temperature of the cutting region, the surface roughness, the cutting resistance, the loss of the grinding tool and the like are all greatly reduced and the machining quality and the economic benefit are obviously improved; therefore, high application value and great market prospect can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of method and cutting fluid field of machining, promptly a kind of process for milling nickel-based alloy by nanoparticles at high speed and nano cutting fluid.
Background technology
The nickel-base alloy advanced material is little because of its proportion, specific strength is high, hear resistance and good corrosion resistance are widely used in aero-engine strength member such as compressor fan blade, casing etc., and the quality of these vital part crudies is very big to engine overall performance and effectiveness affects.Ni-based billon is typical difficult-to-machine material; This type workpiece material have bigger elevated temperature strength, low thermal conductivity factor, work hardening serious, be prone to characteristics such as cutter material generation chemical reactions. make that its machinability is relatively poor; Cutting temperature is high in cut; The cutter visitor decreases fast, and the cut problem of therefore studying this type difficult-to-machine material seems more and more important.
The present research work that nickel-base alloy is correlated with is system not enough, and shortage is understood in depth its cutting scheme, how to improve part cut surface integrity and crudy thereof and more and more causes concern.This relates to character and distribution, surface smoothness and the microscopic appearance etc. of surface residual stress.Particularly cutter and workpiece cutting region produce a large amount of heat in metal cuttings influences workpiece surface quality and machining accuracy, and how more effectively reducing the cutting region temperature is the target that industrial quarters is constantly sought and pursued.
In order to eliminate or reduce the influence of heat in metal cutting, people adopt the heat-conducting medium that flows to participate in working angles, have reached the purpose of taking away heat.The fluid heat-conducting medium that adopts at present mainly contains two kinds of liquids and gases.Gas mainly is cool air injection.Liquid has liquid nitrogen and cutting fluid etc., and wherein, using the widest is cutting fluid.The cutting fluid of using at present can be divided into two big types: i.e. oil base cutting fluid and water-base cutting fluid.The oil base cutting fluid generally is in various straight mineral oils, to add composition such as polar additive, for the purpose of environmental protection, also has and adopts vegetable oil to do main composition.Water-base cutting fluid is divided into two kinds of emulsion and lysates again, and emulsion cutting fluid is the emulsion of oil and water, and the dissolving cutting fluid is the lysate that in water, adds the syntholube formation of solubility.In the processing of nickel-base alloy high-speed milling; Cutting fluid occupies an important position; Because that it has is lubricated, cooling, cleaning, antirust, reduce cutting force and improve effects such as workpiece surface quality, be that the nickel-base alloy high-speed milling is processed one of indispensable production factors.Oil base cutting fluid lubrication performance is superior to water-base cutting fluid, but the water-base cutting fluid good cooling results.
Can be known that by the enhanced heat exchange theory heat conductivility of material is relevant with the density of material, the big more heat conductivility of density is good more.Heat-transfer capability that thus can the inference solid is much larger than liquids and gases.,, both be difficult to participate in working angles, be difficult to take away heat again, so also do not obtain paying attention to because solid matter is mobile poor.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of solid dielectric and participate in the nickel-base alloy high-speed milling technology of working angles.
Another purpose of the present invention provides one type has solid particle to participate in, and existing superior heat conductivility has the cutting medium of good flowing property again.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of nano cutting fluid preparation method.
Above-mentioned purpose is realized by following technical scheme: a kind of process for milling nickel-based alloy by nanoparticles at high speed is provided, is characterized in: the nano-scale particle of solid matter is applied in the working angles.
A kind of nano cutting fluid is provided, is characterized in: this nano cutting fluid is to be mixed by nanoscale particles of solid matter and liquid cutting fluid.
Said solid matter is a metallics.
Said metallics is copper or aluminium or zinc.
Said solid matter is an oxide.
Said oxide is aluminium oxide or zinc oxide or zirconia.
The granularity of said nanoscale solids particle is between 1-100nm, and the percentage by volume content of nano particle is 1-10vol%.
The granularity of said nanoscale solids particle is 60nm.
Said liquid cutting fluid is a water-base cutting fluid.
Said liquid cutting fluid is the oil base cutting fluid.
The preparation method of said nano cutting fluid after in the mixed liquor of nano particle and cutting fluid, adding stabilizing agent, adopts ultrasonic vibration again, obtains steady suspension.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the nickel-base alloy high-speed milling process that adopts nano cutting fluid with have now water base or the oil base cutting fluid is compared; Indexs such as the temperature of its cutting region, surface roughness, cutting resistance, cutter loss all reduce significantly; Crudy and remarkable in economical benefits improve, thereby have higher using value and market prospects.
The specific embodiment
In order to verify the effect of nano cutting fluid, we have done a large amount of experiments.The contrast experiment of nano cutting fluid and existing cutting fluid; The prescription of nano cutting fluid is preferred, comprises material, granularity, content, compound method etc.Therefrom select two concrete experiments and an experimental data statistics describes at present.
Experiment one:
A. experiment purpose:
The difference of the cutting quality of examination nano particle cutting fluid and existing cutting fluid.
B. experiment is prepared:
This experiment is accomplished at the high-speed milling machining center.The KC5010 type PVD coated cutting tool that adopts U.S. Kennametal to produce, concrete cutting data is: cutting speed 3800m/min; Amount of feeding 0.5m/min; Cutting depth 1.5mm.The nickel-bass alloy material trade mark of test usefulness: GH4145, its hardness is HB330-400.Adopt three-phase piezoelectric type cutting force measurement appearance (YDX-III99), surface topographic apparatus fo (Talysurf5), thermal infrared imager (Thermovision A40M) is the test experiments result respectively.The nano-solid particle is selected Al for use
2O
3, diameter is 60nm.
C. experimental program:
This experiment is divided into 4 groups altogether.
The 1st group is adopted the more emulsified water-based cutting fluid of application at present;
The 2nd group of used cutting fluid is to test at the 1st group that to add volume fraction on the employed water-base cutting fluid basis again be 4vol%, and diameter is the Al of 60nm
2O
3The nano-solid particle, and in resulting mixed liquor, add stabilizing agent, adopt the mode of ultrasonic vibration, obtain stable suspension water-base nano cutting fluid;
The 3rd group is adopted the more oil base cutting fluid of application at present, and surfactants such as emulsifying agent, cleaning agent, stabilizing agent, antirust agent are formulated at a certain temperature by adding in the mineral oil;
The 4th group of cutting fluid type that adopts is that on the used cutting fluid basis of the 3rd group of experiment, to add volume content be the Al that the diameter of 4vol% is similarly 60nm
2O
3The nano-solid particle, and in resulting mixed liquor, add stabilizing agent, adopt the mode of ultrasonic vibration, obtain stable suspension oil base nano cutting fluid.
The stabilizing agent here is a saturated fatty acid, and adding percentage by volume content is 0.1-1vol%.Ultrasonic vibration is general ultrasonic vibration apparatus, relies on ten thousand times/minute dithers of 1.6-2 to realize that nano particle mixes with the even of cutting fluid.Identical lathe and identical machined parameters are all adopted in every group of experiment.Nickel-base alloy high-speed milling working process parameter: cutting speed 3800m/min; Amount of feeding 0.5m/min; Cutting depth 1.5mm.In the process of whole experiment, liquid supply rate is 40L/min.
The d experimental data:
Cutting region temperature, normal direction cutting force, tangential cutting power, surface roughness, tool abrasion, workpiece surface appearance etc.
Experimental data is seen table 1:
Table 1 nickel-base alloy high-speed milling machining experiment measurement data
Annotate: 1.F
t: tangential cutting power; F
nNormal direction cutting force, unit: N/mm.
2.G ratio is volume V and the tool wear volume V that removes material in the unit interval
wRatio, i.e. G=V/V
w
3. workpiece surface appearance is through the workpiece sampling to the 1st group and the 2nd group processing; Surface texture to workpiece is carried out the electron scanning electron microscopic observation, proves that the workpiece surface quality that uses the water-base nano cutting fluid to carry out the processing of nickel-base alloy high-speed milling obviously is superior to traditional water base cutting fluid crudy.
E. interpretation:
One. the data contrast:
1. the heat conductivility of nano cutting fluid obviously improves.Under the identical situation of nickel-base alloy high-speed milling working process parameter, the equilibrium temperature of the 2nd group of cutting region has reduced by 58 ℃ than the 1st group.The 4th group cutting region temperature has reduced by 39 ℃ than the 3rd group.Explain that the nano particle in the nano cutting fluid can effectively absorb the cutting heat, the temperature of workpiece is descended.
2. the cutting quality of nano cutting fluid obviously improves.The 2nd group of surface roughness than the 1st group reduces by 17%, the 4 group of surface roughness than the 3rd group and reduces by 14%.
3. nano cutting fluid obviously reduces cutting stress.The 2nd group has descended 30% and 29% respectively than the 1st group normal stress and tangential stress 26% and 33%, the 4 group of normal stress and the tangential stress than the 3rd group that descended respectively, explains that heat in metal cutting imports the ratio of cutter into and reduce, and cutter keeps sharp time increase.
4. the wearing and tearing of the grinding tool of nano cutting fluid obviously reduce.The 2nd group of G ratio than the 1st group improves 46%, the 4 group of G ratio than the 3rd group and improved 74%, explains that the lubricant effect of nano cutting fluid also has greatly improved.
5. aspect antirust and cleaning, nano cutting fluid and traditional cutting fluid performance maintain an equal level.
Two. Analysis on Mechanism:
The good cutting of nano cutting fluid at first comes from self heat transfer property, flows owing to can carry great amount of heat energy, and the cooling that has produced, series of advantages such as lubricated.And the capacity of heat transmission of nano particle possibly derive from following several respects:
1. nano cutting fluid is compared with traditional cutting fluid, because interaction and collision between particle and particle, particle and liquid, the fluidized bed laminar boundary layer is destroyed, and heat transfer resistance reduces, and flow turbulence intensity is enhanced, and making conducts heat increases.
2. under identical particle volume content, the surface area of nano particle and thermal capacity are much larger than millimeter or micron-sized particle, so the thermal conductivity factor of nano cutting fluid increases considerably.
3. owing to the small-size effect of nano material, its behavior approaches fluid molecule, and the strong Brownian movement of nano particle helps its maintenance stable suspersion and do not precipitate, and can reduce the flowage friction resistance coefficient, plays wear-resistant effect.
Three. conclusion:
The effect of nano cutting fluid can be affirmed.
Experiment two
A. experiment purpose:
The purpose of this experiment be size and the nano particle of research nano particle add volume fraction what to the influence of cutting fluid thermal conductivity factor.
B. experiment is prepared:
This experiment is accomplished at the high-speed milling machining center equally.The KC5010 type PVD coated cutting tool that adopts U.S. Kennametal to produce, concrete cutting data is: cutting speed 3800m/min; Amount of feeding 0.5m/min; Cutting depth 1.5mm.The nickel-bass alloy material trade mark of test usefulness: GH4145, its hardness is HB330-400.Adopt three-phase piezoelectric type cutting force measurement appearance (YDX-III99), surface topographic apparatus fo (Talysurf5), thermal infrared imager (Thermovision A40M) is the test experiments result respectively.The nano-solid particle is selected Al for use
2O
3, diameter is 60nm.
C. experimental design:
In this experimentation, select Al for use
2O
3The diameter of nano particles size is respectively 20nm, 40nm, 60nm.Volume fraction is 2vol%, 4vol%, 8vol%.The variation of the heat transfer coefficient of research nano cutting fluid.
Nickel-base alloy high-speed milling working process parameter: cutting speed 3800m/min; Amount of feeding 0.5m/min; Cutting depth 1.5mm.
Experimental data is seen table 2:
Table 2 experimental data table
D. interpretation:
The volume share of nano particle and characteristic have very big influence to the heat transfer property of nano-fluid.Be difficult to accurately describe the heat transfer property of nano-fluid at present with theoretical method, must confirm the heat transfer property of nano-fluid through experiment.
Can know that according to table 2 experiment (1), (2), (3) group cutting region temperature are reduced to 438 ℃, 420 ℃, 412 ℃ successively.This result shows: when the nano particle size of adding is identical; Increase along with the nano-volumes mark; The heat conductivility of nano cutting fluid strengthens accordingly, makes nano cutting fluid increase through the efficient heat of being taken away in the cutting region, flows into just corresponding minimizing of heat of workpiece like this.It is thus clear that the raising of the volume fraction of nano particle in the nano cutting fluid can effectively improve the capacity of heat transmission of cutting fluid.
Experiment (4), (5), (6) contrast can know that the size of nanometer diameter influences the heat transfer property of cutting fluid, and the oil base cutting fluid of the nano particle of interpolation diameter 60nm is higher than the cutting fluid capacity of heat transmission of adding the 20nm nano particle.The capacity of heat transmission that nano cutting fluid when the diameter that adds nano particle is big is described is more intense.Learn through other experiments and statistical analysis; Capacity of heat transmission growth eases up when nanometer particle size surpasses 100nm; Contrast in conjunction with this experiment (1) (2) (3) and (4) (5) (6) group cutting fluid stability indicator can be known: the interpolation volume content is 4vol%, and diameter is that the overall target of the nano particle of 60nm is optimum.
Experiment three
For popularity and the practicality that proves that this method is used; The inventor adds the nano particle of variety classes, different size, different volumes mark in different base fluid cutting fluids; A large amount of experimental works has been done in aspects such as crudy, surface integrity, cutting fluid stability and production cost to the nanometer cutting, and has obtained the data of table 3 through statistical induction:
To sum up visible: nano cutting fluid has the very strong capacity of heat transmission, improves a lot very wide of the application prospect in nickel-base alloy high-speed milling manufacture field for the surface quality of processing work.
Claims (1)
1. process for milling nickel-based alloy by nanoparticles at high speed; It is characterized in that: at first; The preparation nano cutting fluid, said nano cutting fluid is to be mixed by nanoscale particles of solid matter and liquid cutting fluid, nano cutting fluid is applied in the nickel-base alloy high-speed machining process again; Its cutting speed is 3800m/min; The amount of feeding is 0.5m/min; Cutting depth is 1.5mm; The hardness of nickel-bass alloy material is HB330-400; The percentage by volume content of said nanoscale solids particle is 1-10vol%, and the granularity of nanoscale solids particle is 60nm.
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| CN102029551A (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2011-04-27 | 长沙理工大学 | Lubricating and cooling method for cutting process and device thereof |
| CN102267098A (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2011-12-07 | 青岛理工大学 | Process method for grinding nickel-base alloy through jet flow of carbon nano tubes |
| CN110699157B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-09-21 | 中科孚迪科技发展有限公司 | Cutting oil for titanium alloy processing and preparation method thereof |
| CN112958848A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-15 | 厦门大学 | Gear slotting process using method of fullerene nanosphere particle cutting oil |
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| CN101519621A (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2009-09-02 | 上海电机学院 | High-performance high-water base lubricant |
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