CN101850353B

CN101850353B - Treatment method of used household electric appliances

Info

Publication number: CN101850353B
Application number: CN2010102146781A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马场研二; 根本武
Original assignee: Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd
Current assignee: Hitachi Ltd
Priority date: 2006-05-31
Filing date: 2007-01-19
Publication date: 2013-05-22
Anticipated expiration: 2027-01-19
Also published as: JP2007319760A; CN101850353A; CN101081401A; JP5011826B2; CN101081401B

Abstract

This treatment method of used household electric appliances is for disassembling the used household electric appliances including any one of a refrigerator, a washing machine, an air conditioner and a TV set and taking out recyclable raw materials. The method comprises a process of taking off components composed of metals including any one of iron, copper and aluminum and disposed as lumps and plastic components from the household electric appliances, and a process of sorting casings of the household electric appliances formed by joining the metallic parts and plastic parts for every kind of the plastic, or to metals of different kinds of raw materials. Respective raw materials obtained in this process is crushed to a given size or less to be recovered as the raw materials.

Description

The processing method of old household appliances

The application is that application number is 200710003981.5, the applying date is on January 19th, 2007, denomination of invention is for please in the division of the patent application of " processing method of old household appliances ".

Technical field

The present invention relates to decomposing as household appliances such as the refrigerator of the product of using, washing machine, air-conditioning, television sets, the method for processing in order again to utilize as other member particularly relates to from above-mentioned old household appliances and reclaims method as the member of resource.

Background technology

As for household appliances such as recycling above-mentioned old refrigerator, washing machine, air-conditioning, television sets and the technology of processing, be known that at present from these household appliances dismounting parts, classify by every kind of parts, and and then remaining framework etc. is partly pulverized after classify.Be following method: at first, take out the motor that carries therein, compressor, heat exchanger etc. from the main body of above-mentioned household appliances and be connected lift-launch with other parts and as the functional part of a piece performance function household appliances is inner, the parts such as glass in the parts of the household appliances of dismounting formation in addition.Then, pulverize the framework part comprise remaining household appliances, utilize magnetic force or vortex flow, wind-force etc., sorting and reclaim iron, non-iron (copper and aluminium), plastics etc. from fragment.

In addition, the parts that disassemble from main body, the framework of the upper cover of the vegetables box of refrigerator and shelf, washing machine and washing tube, air-conditioning and the framework of television set etc. are resinous material (Plastics), decompose the classification recovery according to the kind of plastics after, they are ground into respectively subparticle.

The example of this prior art is disclosed in special permission No. 3206586 specification (with reference to patent documentation 1), " running actual achievement and the impact of the recycling facility of household electrical appliances ", dielectric insulation material research association (environment reply electric and electronic material system), electric association, on January 8th, 2003, in opinion code DEI-03-3 (with reference to non-patent literature 1).These prior aries are directly put into indissoluble framework and are carried out mechanical disintegration in pulverizer take out and decomposed the parts that the parts such as motor, compressor or lid or drawer etc. are mounted from household appliances after.The crushed material of this framework comprises the raw material such as iron, copper, aluminium, plastics.Therefore, these crushed materials of sorting in the mechanical type sorting unit that has utilized magnetic force, vortex flow, wind-force etc., and reclaim according to every kind of raw material such as iron, copper, aluminium, plastics.And then such processing forms the utilization of the 1st stage and manually decomposes parts, and the 2nd stage utilized machinery to pulverize, the 3rd stage sorting raw material.

In above-mentioned prior art, the functional parts such as the framework after decomposing, motor, compressor are not decomposed meticulously according to every kind of raw material that consist of them.Particularly, the fragment that directly is ground into multiple raw material and mixes due to framework, the Plastic that therefore can not consist of iron, non-iron, by various material reclaims according to this various raw material high-purities ground.

Particularly, in the processing of refrigerator, dismantle resinous vegetables box, shelf etc., the whole youngster of remaining framework is put in pulverizer pulverize.The framework of refrigerator constitutes: the outside be metal-made or resinous, as to be called as outer container container and be configured in the inboard of this outer container and container is installed or the resinous interior casees such as ABS of shelf between, be filled with the heat insulating component with the polyurethane resin system of the high gas foaming of the thermal insulations such as freon.Prior art is directly pulverized such framework according to above-mentioned structure, after utilizing pneumatic separating to go out the little heat-barrier material urethane film of proportion, reclaimed according to every kind of raw material successively as the heavy iron of residual residue, non-iron, plastics etc. by the mechanical type sorting unit handle that has utilized magnetic force, vortex flow etc.In the prior art, be the method for the whole pulverizing of framework also same for other product.

There is following problem in this technology.(1) although can reclaim major part as the polyurethane of the little heat insulating component of proportion, still some does not reclaim.(2) heavy outer container and interior case because pulverizing mixes, are difficult to the ground sorting of their high-purities.For such problem, following method is arranged: fragment is put into tank, the ABS fragment of the polypropylene fragment that floats and sinking is carried out sorting according to difference in specific gravity.But in this technology, exist owing to making water increase the problem of drainage treatment equipment and draining disposal cost.And then, as the method that does not make water, comprise and utilize static characteristic plastic flakes to be divided into the method for various species, but the technology that comprises the former, owing to having comprised little polyurethane block or the impurity such as powder, metal species (comprising lead) that there is no complete sorting, therefore there is the low problem of raw-material purity after classification is reclaimed.

And then above-mentioned prior art can not be removed the nuisances such as the leaded thing that is included in framework or parts, mercurous thing, asbestos, combustible in the pulverizing in the 2nd stage.For example, if motor or compressor are directly pulverized, exist and to remove the problem that is included in the harmful substance in motor or compressor etc.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of can be by framework or motor, compressor be all carried out the processing method that resolution process reclaims highly purified raw-material old household appliances.In addition, another purpose is to provide a kind of processing method that improves the old household appliances of removing efficient of harmful substance.

Above-mentioned purpose realizes by the processing method of following old household appliances, the method is decomposed any one the old household appliances comprise in refrigerator, washing machine, air-conditioning, television set, take out recycling raw material, and comprise: from the dismounting of above-mentioned household appliances by comprising that any one metal species iron, copper, aluminium consists of and as the operation of the parts of the various species of the parts of piece configuration and Plastic system; Divide the kind of electing these plastics as or the operation of metal species the framework that is partly engaged the above-mentioned household appliances that forms by above-mentioned metal species part and above-mentioned Plastic; And the various raw material that obtain in this operation are ground into size less than or equal to predetermined value, and the operation that reclaims as above-mentioned raw material.

In addition, purpose of the present invention realizes by the processing method of following old household appliances, and the method comprises the operation of the parts that separate the piece dismounting that can be used as the compressor that comprises refrigerator; This compressor after separating is resolved into parts, and the operation of carrying out sorting according to each kind of the metal species that comprises the iron that consists of these parts, copper, aluminium; The framework of above-mentioned refrigerator resolve into its outside metal board member, inboard plastic board member, be filled between the two also bonding both resinous heat-barrier material, thereby minute elect the operation of the member of the member of member, plastics of above-mentioned metal or resin as; And the member of the member of the member of above-mentioned metal, above-mentioned plastics or resin is ground into respectively size less than or equal to predetermined value, and reclaim as recycling raw material.

And then by with the realization of getting off: the raw material that pulverizing obtained with magnetic grader and/or eddy current separator divide mixture or the Plastic of electing iron and copper and aluminium as to reclaim.And then by take the realization of getting off: make iron in the raw material that obtain after above-mentioned pulverizing as less than or equal to 70mm, Plastic is less than or equal to 7mm.

And then, by with the realization of getting off: consisting of as possessing after roughly the part of each face of the framework of the above-mentioned refrigerator of the casing of rectangular shape cuts out, metal board member, inboard plastic board member and the resinous heat-barrier material between them or be embedded in the pipeline that the cold-producing medium in this heat-barrier material uses and carry out sorting outside taking out from this part that cuts out.

In the present invention, after the 1st stage was decomposed into parts or framework, in the 2nd stage, reclaim every kind of raw material such as the iron that is included in framework or parts, copper, aluminium, Plastic according to each kind sorting, simultaneously, remove the harmful substances such as leaded thing, mercurous thing, asbestos, combustible.And then, in the 3rd stage, pulverize according to every kind of raw material that reclaim respectively.Therefore, not only improve the raw-material purity and the quality that reclaim, also removed simultaneously harmful substance, suppressed the pollution of environment.

Particularly, for refrigerator, can reclaim separately respectively iron plate or the inboard ABS of the outside case that consists of framework and be positioned at the polyurethane with gas foamings such as fluorine Lyons in the middle of it, therefore can obtain high-purity, high-quality iron, ABS, polyurethane.But, in the situation that utilize handwork to carry out above-mentioned decomposition, owing to comprising fluorine Lyons in peeling the polyurethane block that comes, therefore the polyurethane resin that disassembles by burning comes decomposition Freon, perhaps by pulverizing, it is diminished, thereby freon is dispersed, reclaim this freon.This recovery method utilizes activated carbon adsorption unit to carry out.

The present invention decomposes old household electrical appliances, improves every kind of raw-material purity and reduces their traffic expense, therefore has the effect that can process economically old household appliances.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 represents the summary of embodiment of the processing method of old household appliances.

Fig. 2 represents the handling process of kinescope.

Fig. 3 represents the summary of variation of the processing method of old household appliances.

Fig. 4 (a)～(e) represents respectively the summary of the raw-material order of decomposition refrigerator, washing machine, air-conditioning, television set and refrigerator framework.

The specific embodiment

The present invention possesses following structure: decompose parts in the 1st stage, carry out sorting or remove nuisance by raw material in the 2nd stage, pulverize according to every kind of raw material in the 3rd stage, be processed into shape high-quality and that be easy to transport.

That is, in the 1st stage, take out the parts such as motor, compressor, clutch, heat exchanger, fan, electronic circuit board from old household appliances, obtain remaining framework.Here, framework is to comprise metal and Plastic and the compound that consists of.For example, the outside of the framework of refrigerator is to be the casing that is made of the material centered by ABS by the material centered by iron, inboard, encloses betwixt and filling utilizes the polyurethane resin of the thermal insulation gas foaming such as freon (HCFC11).In addition, between these casees, bury trace meter member mades such as disposing power line, earth connection, holding wire, bolt class, screw class, copper pipe underground in polyurethane resin.Power line, earth connection, holding wire are for example that copper cash, the outside are that polyethylene consists of by core, and bolt class, screw class are made of iron or stainless steel, and copper pipe is made of copper.

On the other hand, the framework of washing machine is made of outer container made of iron and plastic lid member, and is identical with refrigerator in outer container, disposes the trace meter parts such as power line, earth connection, holding wire, bolt class, screw class.The framework of air-conditioning has case and the cover that is made of metal or Plastic, and they are all identical with refrigerator and washing machine, with the micro-element of metal or plastics.The framework of television set mainly is made of Plastic, be made of flame-retardant plastic and inflammability Plastic, and the metal parts such as bolt class or screw class is embedded in plastic framework.In addition, use metal or plastic wire in constituting the loudspeaker of one with framework.

More than narrated the example of various products, but the Plastic of every kind all uses different types of raw material.For example, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Merlon, ABS, AS etc. are arranged.In addition, the parts such as motor, compressor, clutch, heat exchanger, fan, electronic circuit board, power line, holding wire, earth connection are made of a plurality of widgets of iron, copper, aluminium, Plastic.In addition, also comprise the harmful substances such as leaded thing, mercurous thing, asbestos, combustible in these parts.Combustible is to derive from the liquid of oil or flammable metal etc.

In the 2nd stage, decompose the framework of the household appliances that obtains through the 1st stage, carry out sorting according to every kind of raw material and reclaim.That is, framework is decomposed into iron, copper, aluminium, Plastic and carries out sorting.As such decomposition, the method for sorting, can consider to utilize manual decomposition meticulously.For example, decompose by hand with instruments such as chisel, bottle opener, hammers.For parts such as motor, compressor, clutch, heat exchanger, fans, can decompose by handwork with instruments such as chisel, bottle opener, hammers too, minute elect iron, copper, aluminium, Plastic as and reclaim.Particularly, for refrigerator, peel off the board member of the ABS system of the metal board member such as iron of exploded lateral casing or interior side box body, and strip and reclaim be filled between interior outer case, as the polyurethane resin of heat-barrier material.This operation also can be undertaken by handwork by tool using.In the 2nd such stage, also remove simultaneously the harmful substances such as leaded thing, mercurous thing, asbestos, combustible.

In the 3rd stage, during being put into pulverizer, pulverizes the member of the iron that decomposes according to every kind of raw material in above-mentioned the 2nd stage and sub-elect, copper, aluminium, Plastic etc., and make it become shape less than or equal to the fragment of specific size.The metal species that reclaims till the 2nd stage has plate shape, rectangle, circle, tubular etc. varied.This metallic raw material are roughly more than or equal to 100mm, therefore they are put in pulverizer, are ground into roughly the fragment less than or equal to 100mm.But sometimes also can pulverize more than or equal to the parts (plate class etc.) of 300mm shape with pulverizer, less than or equal to the parts of 300mm in the situation that do not pulverize and sell.

In addition, the Plastic that obtains has polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Merlon, ABS, AS etc., and kind is a lot.They are dropped in pulverizer according to raw-material kind be ground into approximately less than or equal to 10mm.As the present invention, by being ground into undersized member sheet, can increase bulk density, the quantity in the Handling devices such as railway carriage that can be loaded into container or truck can be increased, thereby traffic expense can be suppressed.Particularly, Plastic does not need through other pulverizing or manufacturing procedure afterwards by being ground into less than or equal to 10mm, just can be used as the regeneration raw material.In addition, in the 3rd such stage, the raw material of above-mentioned recovery have all been realized high-qualityization.In addition, about the size after pulverizing, iron be to be during less than or equal to 7mm less than or equal to 70mm, Plastic, and is ideal aspect recycling.

Below use chart to explain embodiments of the invention.

[embodiment 1]

Fig. 1 represents one embodiment of the present of invention, particularly represents the operation of processing in order to reclaim the member of certain material from household appliances such as old refrigerator, washing machine, air-conditioning, television sets.In the present embodiment, operation roughly by as the 1st stage, to take out separable be the functional parts of piece and from the 1st operation 10 of framework separation; As the 2nd stage, the functional parts classes such as the compressor after separating, motor are decomposed the 2nd operation 20 that raw material carry out sorting; Make the size reduction of its member realize that high-purity, the 3rd high-quality operation 30 consist of as the 3rd stage, every kind of raw material that reclaim for sorting.Each operation below is described.

The 1st operation 10 in the 1st stage below is described.In the present embodiment, as the household appliances example, refrigerator, washing machine, air-conditioning, television set are shown.Fig. 4 (a)～(d) expression decomposes these household appliances each processing sequence in the 1st stage of parts.Fig. 4 (a)～(d) and (e) be that object parts that dismounting separates and the table of order thereof are shown when household appliances is decomposed as an example.In these tables of expression elaborative sequence, the numbering that is documented in the upper skidding of row of left and right directions represents to decompose the example of the order of taking out operation.In addition, below row in record become name of parts with the corresponding manipulating object of numberings of these orders.In the present embodiment, in this reclaimed operation, the dismounting of parts used cutter, revolve the instrument such as tool, pliers, bottle opener, hammer and undertaken by handwork by the operating personnel.

Use the refrigerator decomposition process 11 of Fig. 4 (a) key diagram 1.In refrigerator decomposition process 11, the operating personnel decomposes and the recycle object parts according to the order of the above-listed expression of Fig. 4 (a).For example, at first from back side dismounting capacitor, the electronic circuit board of refrigerator, cut off the also copper cash classes such as separate power supplies line, holding wire, earth connection.Then dismantle and reclaim the lining that is configured in inside and outside the refrigerator front, that install along this neighboring in the inboard of door, sealing refrigerator.Then, dismantle and reclaim glass or plastics or metal shelf.At last, reclaim the containers such as plastic vegetables box of single kind.

Then, flowing internally reclaiming cold-producing medium in the copper tubing of the cold-producing medium that uses in the freeze cycle of refrigerator.Be included in as liquid due to this cold-producing medium in the oil of storing in the above-mentioned compressor of freeze cycle, therefore attract to reclaim together with this oil, and both are separated sorting.The recovery that comprises the cold-producing medium of oil for example utilizes the method that is called as perforation, penetrates pin and absorb in the copper pipe of refrigerant circulation.Having reclaimed the remaining oil after the cold-producing medium also is recovered.Then, cut off and separate the copper pipe that the pipeline of cold-producing medium is arranged as stream.Under this state, from refrigerator main body or framework dismounting compressor.In addition, due to residual in compressor, oil is arranged, so it is extracted out and removes internally.And then, in the situation that in the Machine Room of refrigerator framework, dismantled compressor around sound-absorbing material is arranged, also with its recovery.

Use Fig. 4 (b) that washing machine decomposition process 12 is described.In this washing machine decomposition process 12, order dismounting and recycle object parts that the operating personnel represents according to the numbering with Fig. 4 (b).At first, remove and install upper cover on framework top.Upper cover is for example single raw-material plastics (polypropylene).Then, separation is positioned at locational capacitor and the electronic circuit board of having dismantled this upper cover, and then, copper cash class and the capacitors such as dismantling power line, holding wire, earth connection.And then, if balancer (parts of the annular on washing machine top) is arranged, also reclaim the salt solution that wherein exists.This can extract out by perforate on balancer.Extracted the later balancer of salt solution out owing to being single raw-material plastics (polypropylene), therefore with its dismounting.Then, dismounting is fixed on the ring flange of washing machine inside bottom, in the situation of two-layer washing tube, takes out its inboard washing tube, from beneath decomposition and separate outside washing tube.Plastic inboard washing tube reclaims after having removed the metal part.Outside washing tube is to dismantle plastic base plate, dismantling motor, dismantled clutch and dismantled the fixedly rod separation later on of hanging of outside washing tube and reclaimed from the bottom outside of outside washing tube.At last, reclaim framework (case in the outside).Framework is made of the metals such as iron or Plastic.

Use Fig. 4 (c) that air-conditioning decomposition process 13 is described.The operating personnel is disassembled into separating component according to the order of Fig. 4 (c) expression.In this Fig. 4 (c), the off-premises station of air-conditioning is described.Off-premises station is connected use with the used for indoor machine copper pipe, processes the field but sometimes be transported to respectively.At first, the copper pipe coupling part of off-premises station is brass valve.From reclaiming cold-producing medium and oil here.As the method for not emitting from brass valve, identical with refrigerator, with the method that is called as perforation, insert pin and attract in the conduit of refrigerant circulation.Then, the back side cover of the outer machine frame body of detaching chamber, and the fan of dismounting off-premises station.Then, dismounting makes the motor of fan rotation.Therefore the back side cover of off-premises station reclaims them respectively owing to being the metal-mades such as plastics or iron.Then, reclaim inner electronic circuit board, capacitor, transformer, and then cut off and reclaim the copper cash classes such as power line, holding wire, earth connection.Then, be separately configured in the heat exchanger of the framework inside of off-premises station in the framework.Then, in the situation that configured sound-absorbing material in framework, remove this material and dismantle compressor.And then, cut off making the copper pipe of refrigerant circulation dismantle and reclaim.Brass valve also is recovered.

If the indoor set (not table) of air-conditioning is described, at first dismantles radiator grille.Radiator grille mainly is made of plastics (polypropylene) member.Then, dismantle fan, motor and heat exchanger from the framework of indoor set.

Use Fig. 4 (d) that television set decomposition process 14 is described.In this operation, the operating personnel decomposes according to the order of Fig. 4 (d) expression.The television set of the present embodiment with the television set that used kinescope as object.The framework of television set is made of previous section and back portion.At first, the back portion of dismounting framework.Framework is generally by plastics or woodenly consist of.Plastics are pulverized according to various species.

Then, the electronic circuit board in framework being dismantled framework separates outward.At this moment, cut off the electricity supply copper cash classes such as line, holding wire, earth connection and separate to reclaim.Then, dismounting is positioned at the deflection coil at kinescope rear.Then, the dismounting anti-magnetized coil, and dismounting is positioned at the sound-absorbing material in the kinescope outside.And then, from the front surface member taking-up kinescope of framework, and reclaim the front framework.In the situation that loudspeaker has been installed in framework, dismantle this loudspeaker.Like this, separate kinescope from framework.

Use Fig. 2 that the operation of processing the kinescope 41 that obtains in above-mentioned television set decomposition process 14 is described.At first the treatment process 40 of the kinescope shown in this figure uses implosion prevention band to remove the implosion prevention band that device 42 dismountings are wound around the outside that is arranged on kinescope 41.This implosion prevention band is metal member, reclaims as iron 48 after this separates.After having dismantled implosion prevention band, the resin (omitting diagram) of pruning and remaining in kinescope 41 surfaces.And then, remove the strip of paper used for sealing made of paper (omitting diagram) that sticks on kinescope 41 surfaces.In addition, remove the electron gun 49 that is attached to kinescope 41 rears, electron gun 49 reclaims as parts.Then, in order to use glass separate machine 44 not having the kinescope 43 of electron gun 49 to be divided into front glass (face glass) 46 and back side glass (infundibulate glass) 45, the heating of the border of two glass, after heating, both are separated.In the present embodiment, the operating personnel puts nichrome wire and heats near above-mentioned border or its, beat the border with hammer, thereby separates front glass 46 and back side glass 45.Reclaim metal baffle 47 from kinescope 43, and then, remove the aluminium-vapour deposition powder (omitting diagram) on the inner surface that is attached to front glass 46.For the shape that reclaims each glass member processed that obtains is all roughly become less than or equal to 100mm, when pulverizing by mechanical or manual operation, for front glass 46 and back side glass 45, machinery is removed the glass material in addition that is attached on these glass surfaces respectively.

Then, use Fig. 1 to illustrate the parts that obtain in the 1st stage are decomposed raw-material the 2nd operation 20 in the 2nd stage; With make big or small miniaturization and realize the 3rd operation 30 that high-purity is high-quality for each in these raw material that obtain in the 2nd operation 20 (iron, copper, aluminium, Plastic etc.) as the 3rd stage.

Explanation refrigerator raw material sorting operation 21 in Fig. 1.In this operation, becoming the parts that will decompose raw-material object is compressor, framework, vegetables box, shelf, egg box etc.At first, the processing of compressor (parts) being resolved into raw-material the 2nd stage is described.Use the shell in the outside of the cut-out compressors such as mechanical type cutter or plasma fusing device.The raw material of this shell are generally iron, keep this shape invariance or use pulverizer further to make shape reduce rear recovery.Dispose in shell and make the iron core of motor that carries out the compression unit rotation of refrigerant compression by rotation, this iron core is made of copper coiling, silicon steel plate etc.Decompose iron core, and divide and elect copper, silicon steel plate etc. as.The two can be used as the raw material of raw material and sells.

Use Fig. 4 (e) to illustrate comprising that the parts of refrigerator framework resolve into the operation in raw-material the 2nd stage, are the raw material decomposition process of refrigerator.In the present embodiment, in this operation, the operating personnel decomposes corresponding parts according to the order of the numbering of Fig. 4 (e) expression.Refrigerator constitutes and engage or install difform parts on the framework that is made of metal species or Plastic.In addition, the framework of refrigerator forms the roughly casing of cuboid usually, constitutes the repertory that can take in refrigeration or freezing object in the space of box house.In addition, this framework constitute possess the metal casing (outer container) that consists of the outside, side separates the casing (interior case) of the Plastic system of predetermined gap configuration and the resinous heat-barrier material of filling in the space that forms the gap between them within it, by heat-barrier material, outer container and interior case roughly are bonded into one.

In the present embodiment, for such refrigerator, at first cut out the part of casing face from framework with cutter on each face of the framework of rectangular shape roughly.The member of each face that cuts out is plate shape roughly, disposes the metal board members such as iron in the outside of framework, and disposes the resinous board members such as ABS in the framework inboard.The framework of slave plate shape is partly peeled off any one in these, and then, from the outside or the polyurethane that strips as the heat-barrier material of inside of inboard board member carry out sorting.In addition, due to dispose between inside and outside board member bury polyurethane underground in, as making cold-producing medium at the copper pipe of the pipeline of inner loop, therefore from board member, it is pulled down and carries out sorting.In this operation, like this according to raw-material each kinds such as iron, copper, ABS, polyurethane, carry out sorting from the parts that consist of framework and reclaim.

Use Fig. 1 explanation be used for according to various types of raw material reclaiming pulverize, achieve the high-quality processing of high-purity, as the 3rd operation 30 in the 3rd stage.In the 3rd operation 30, collect the metal species 311,321,331,341 such as the iron that obtains according to the various species sorting through each household appliances such as 20 pairs of refrigerators of the 2nd operation, washing machine, air-conditioning, television sets, copper, aluminium according to every kind of raw material, the Plastics 312,322,332,342 such as polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Merlon, ABS, AS, wherein metal species 311,321,331,341 use metal pulverizers 350 are pulverized, and Plastic 312,322,332,342 use plastic crushers 360 are pulverized.

Mostly be tabular by metal species such as the iron that decomposes and these household appliances of sorting obtain, copper, aluminium, therefore pulverize with metal pulverizer 350, thereby obtain making shape to be unified into fragment less than or equal to the size of about 100mm, to be metal species sheet 3501.Thus, can to increase bulk density (weight of every volume), thereby in the situation that transport in order implementing further to process, can to suppress traffic expense lower.In addition, copper pipe can not pulverized, and can similarly pulverize with metal pulverizer 350 with iron yet, and shape is unified into less than or equal to 100mm.In this case, similarly obtain metal species sheet 3501 as metal fragment with iron or aluminium.

The ABS of the framework inboard of refrigerator is just decomposing and sorting has later on the shape of plate shape from framework, but pulverizes by putting in plastic crusher 360, can become the slice-shaped crushing piece less than or equal to the granularity of 10mm.Can obtain Plastic sheet 3502 like this.In the present embodiment, plastic crusher 360 uses can be the pulverizer that is crushed to by crushed material less than or equal to the 10mm size.The reason of like this Plastic being pulverized than metal species such as iron thinlyyer is because by it is become less than or equal to 10mm, can increase bulk density, thereby suppress traffic expense lowlyer, perhaps is easy to dissolving and makes them can again be regenerated as the ABS particle.In addition, as this lamelliform crushing piece ABS also for the manufacture of other product.

The size of stripping film of peeling off the heat-barrier materials such as polyurethane that obtain from framework in the framework decomposition process of refrigerator is usually less than or equal to 100mm, and this point is understood fully from inventors' research.The stripping film of such polyurethane is owing at high temperature decomposing thermal insulation gases such as being included in inner fluorine Lyons, therefore burn or act as a fuel pulverize after, make to be included in inner thermal insulation gas and to disperse to reclaim.In the present embodiment, stripping film is crushed to less than or equal to about 3mm, more preferably is crushed to less than or equal to 0.3mm, the thermal insulation gas that is included in inside is dispersed from stripping film, reclaim this thermal insulation gas.Finer pulverizing can be reclaimed thermal insulation gas more.Therefore the common concentration of thermal insulation gas of dispersing is lower, utilizes and to have used the adsorbent equipment of activated carbon etc. to adsorb, and reclaims after it is broken away from again.

The vegetables box of Plastic system, egg box, shelf are only collected as the raw-material vegetables box, egg box, the shelf that reclaim, and put into respectively in plastic crusher 360, are crushed to the size less than or equal to about 10mm.The raw material of vegetables box are for example polypropylene, and egg box is the plastics that are called as GPPS.These members are transparent or translucent mostly, and the parts sorting that only will be made of the member of this permeability is reclaimed, and vegetables box is crushed to less than or equal to about 10mm with pulverizer equally.In addition, shelf mainly is made of the plastics that are called as AS.Only the AS sorting is reclaimed, vegetables box is same, is ground into less than or equal to the about shape of 10mm with pulverizer.By the pulverizing of this Plastic, can obtain the Plastic sheet 3502 as fragment.They all can be used as the raw material of the other products that the moulding manufacturing is made of Plastic.In addition, sometimes include harmful substances in the electronic circuit board that separation is reclaimed in the 1st, the 2nd operation.Need to separate it and reclaim.

Secondly, illustrate parts after handle decomposes in washing machine decomposition process 12 for washing machine decompose raw-material, as the washing machine raw material sorting operation 22 of the 2nd operation 20 in the 2nd stage; With according to these raw-material each analyte that separates (iron, copper, aluminium, Plastic) dispersion and finings, make it become the 3rd operation 30 in high-purity or high-quality the 3rd stage.

In motor (parts) is decomposed into the 2nd operation 20 in raw-material the 2nd stage, identical with refrigerator raw material sorting operation 21, the shell of operation exploded lateral by hand.With the iron core that is consisted of by copper coiling, silicon steel plate etc. in shell be decomposed into copper, silicon steel plate carries out sorting.In addition, decompose too clutch, carry out sorting according to every kind of raw material of metal and reclaim.In addition, the Plastic as consisting of washing machine has washing machine framework (outer container), upper cover, base plate, washing tube etc.Generally raw material are polypropylene mostly in washing machine, therefore they are reclaimed respectively.And then obtaining is mainly the metal washing machine frameworks (outer container) such as iron.This framework is ground into the size less than or equal to 100mm put into metal pulverizer 350 in the 3rd operation 30 after this in.In addition, hang rod and wait the size that is crushed to too less than or equal to 100mm.Result obtains metal species 3501.In addition, sometimes include harmful substances in electronic circuit board.After being separated, they reclaim.

Explanation is recovered as the 2nd operation the parts sorting that obtains the air-conditioning raw material sorting operation 23 of the analyte (iron, copper, aluminium, Plastic) that separates according to every kind of raw material in the 1st operation; With the 3rd operation that thereby resulting analyte refinement is achieved high-purity, high-quality the 3rd stage.Air-conditioning has indoor set and off-premises station, uses the same method to carry out.

With with the same method of refrigerator, compressor being resolved into raw material.That is, cut off the shell in the compressor outside with mechanical type cutter or plasma fusing device.Iron shell sells or reduces to sell after its shape with metal pulverizer 350.Iron core in shell is made of copper coiling, silicon steel plate, and they are divided into copper, silicon steel plate.In addition, can perhaps also can pulverize once with metal pulverizer 350 by coming to sell after sorting from the copper tubing of compressor separation as the refrigerant line of supplying with circulating refrigerant, make consistent rear sale of its shape.In addition, heat exchanger is made of the thin plate of copper pipe and aluminium usually, and a part is also used iron parts.They are decomposed to come sorting according to each kind of metal.

In addition, fan consists of by blade with to the motor that blade is rotated driving.They are separated, and the motor utilization is in the situation that the process decomposition that washing machine illustrates, and the sorting raw material.Blade is plastics or iron normally, after their sortings, in the 3rd operation 30, puts into respectively in Plastic pulverizer 360 or metal pulverizer 350, is ground into predetermined shape.For example, Plastic all has the size less than or equal to 10mm, and metal species is crushed to the size less than or equal to 100mm.In addition, sometimes include harmful substances in electronic circuit board.After being separated, they reclaim.

Thereby explanation decomposes raw material to the parts that obtain as the 2nd operation 20 and minute elects raw-material television set raw material sorting operation 24 as in the 1st operation; With the analyte (iron, copper, aluminium, Plastic) that separates according to these raw-material each kinds thus refinement realizes the 3rd operation 30 in high-purity or high-quality the 3rd stage.The framework in the outside of television set (casing) is made of flame-retardant plastic and inflammability plastics or both compounds usually.After having separated framework, in the 3rd operation 30, both simultaneously or put into respectively in Plastic pulverizer 360, be ground into and make shape all have the size less than or equal to 10mm.And then the implosion prevention band after separation is put into metal pulverizer 350 in the 3rd operation, and shape is crushed to size less than or equal to 100mm.In addition, deflection coil is the compound of copper, iron, plastics, and electron gun is the compound of the tiny parts such as metal and category of glass.These decompose to come sorting by the operating personnel according to every kind of raw material in television set raw material sorting operation 24.Therefore size after they decompose does not need pulverize but can pulverize yet usually less than or equal to 100mm.Sometimes include harmful substances in electronic circuit board.After being separated, they reclaim.

[embodiment 2]

Use Fig. 3 that the variation in the 3rd stage is described.In this variation, in the downstream of the metal pulverizer 350 of the 3rd operation 30 shown in Figure 1, vibratory conveyors 351, magnetic grader 3521 or eddy current separator 3531 are set.In this variation, when transmitting by vibratory conveyors 351 fragment that obtains from metal pulverizer 350, attract fragment and dust on every side thereof by dust catcher 3541, obtain dust 354.

The raw material that obtain in the 1st stage or the 2nd stage not necessarily can be decomposed into single raw material sometimes fully.In this case, at first, utilize the magnetic grader 3521 that is configured in metal pulverizer 350 downstreams, the sorting broken segments that transmits on vibratory conveyors 351 is become the fragment of irony and the fragment beyond iron.Then, after having separated fragment after iron fragment and further being sent to the downstream by vibratory conveyors 351 grades, put in eddy current separator 3531 sorting copper or aluminium flake 3503 and they are reclaimed from fragment.Like this, in eddy current separator 3531, the residue of discharging from its outlet after distinguishing copper or aluminium or their mixture is mainly very little Plastic 3502.Equally, magnetic grader 3522 or eddy current separator 3523 are set in the downstream of plastic crusher 360, drop into according to their order the fragment that obtains from plastic crusher 360.The iron fragment of being distinguished by magnetic grader 3522 mixes with the iron fragment of being distinguished by magnetic grader 3521, reclaims as iron class sheet 3504.In addition, sorting is reclaimed for the copper distinguished from the Plastic fragment by eddy current separator 3523 or mixture 3503 and the Plastic sheet 3502 of aluminium.

In the situation that the operating personnel is in order to decompose the compound that is made of iron, copper, aluminium, Plastic and the overspending time, this variation can automatically be carried out in the downstream of metal pulverizer 350 and plastic crusher 360 sorting and be reclaimed, thereby has the effect that shortens the activity duration, improves treatment effeciency and reduce costs.That is, compare with the embodiment of Fig. 1, have and to make the raw material regenerant further realize high-quality highly purified effect.

Above-described embodiment illustrates and reclaim highly purified raw-material technology, but this technology also goes for other electronics, motor product take refrigerator, washing machine, air-conditioning, television set as example.So-called electronics, motor product refer to the equipment with metal, Plastic, electronic circuit formation.For example, the old product of following product can be decomposed effectively according to every kind of raw material, thereby reclaim highly purified raw material: the home electric productions such as vacuum cleaner, electric stove, plasma TV, liquid crystal TV set, electric fan; The information technoloy equipments such as personal computer, CRT, server, uninterrupted power source, hub equipment; The office equipment such as duplicator, facsimile machine; The Medical Devices such as electrocardiogram, diagnostic ultrasound equipment, NMR device; The Measuring Devices such as various chromatographic analysis devices, optical profile type Measuring Device class, flowmeter, weighing scale, potentiometer, galvanometer; The electric tool such as hay mover or electric screw driver; The industrial motor products such as control computer, power supply disks, control panel, relay board, adjuster, insulating box; The electronic toys such as electronic game machine; The stereo sets such as music CD regenerating device or loudspeaker; All automatic vending machines of drinking water etc. etc.

Claims

1. the processing method of household electrical appliances, is characterized in that, has:

Metal board member by the framework of refrigerator being resolved into its outside, inboard plastic board member, be filled between this two member and polyurethane resin heat-barrier material processed of bonding this two member, the polyurethane resin heat-barrier material recovery process processed of taking-up polyurethane resin heat-barrier material processed;

Above-mentioned polyurethane resin heat-barrier material processed is ground into the gas that thermal insulation gas is dispersed from above-mentioned polyurethane resin heat-barrier material processed disperses operation; And

Be recovered in activated carbon adsorption unit the operation that above-mentioned gas is dispersed the above-mentioned thermal insulation gas of dispersing in operation.

2. the processing method of household electrical appliances according to claim 1, is characterized in that,

Disperse in operation at above-mentioned gas, above-mentioned polyurethane resin heat-barrier material processed is ground into size less than or equal to 3mm.

3. the processing method of household electrical appliances according to claim 1, is characterized in that,

Disperse in operation at above-mentioned gas, above-mentioned polyurethane resin heat-barrier material processed is ground into size less than or equal to 0.3mm.