JPH0847926A - Method for and apparatus of selection of plastics - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To recover useful plastics suitable for reuse by separation from plastics wherein various kinds of plastics are mixed. CONSTITUTION:Plastics wherein a plurality of materials of plastics are mixed are classified with a plastics classifier 12. The plastics classifier 12 is composed of a low temperature crushing mechanism and a water-using specific gravity mechanism. The low temperature crushing mechanism is equipped with a low temperature chamber 1203. Liquid nitrogen is jetted by evaporation to crush plastics by impaction by using an embrittling characteristic at low temperature. Selection to a certain extent by a size is executed. Though selection by specific gravity is further applied to a part of the selected plastics, a device for gravity concentration 1209 is filled with water, and the plastics are separated into floating plastics and settling plastics.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for separating plastics, and more particularly to a method and an apparatus for separating plastics suitable for recovering valuable materials from discarded electric home appliances.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for the treatment of large-scale waste, many methods have been used for landfilling as it is, or crushing and incineration for landfilling. The method of landfilling as it is has a problem of shortage of landfill, and the problem of global warming due to the generation of carbon dioxide gas is also a problem in the case of incineration. Furthermore, since a large amount of vinyl chloride plastic is contained in the waste, chlorine gas and chlorine compound-based harmful gas generated from this combustion are generated, and these gases damage the incinerator and incinerator. Therefore, there is a problem that the life of the product is remarkably shortened and the environment is destroyed by being released into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the release into the atmosphere. As described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 50-156754, there is some recovery of metal from scraps that essentially contain a large amount of metal. No recovery process has been carried out. Since this waste is landfilled or incinerated thereafter, there are the same problems as above.
Further, as a method for separating waste, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-108
The systems described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 765 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-81967 have been proposed, but these methods are mainly for separating metals, and plastics should be taken out together with other materials such as paper. The plastics are not sorted.

As a simple classification of plastics, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 52-151371 and 58-205552 are available.
There is a specific gravity sorting device utilizing a specific gravity difference as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. The materials described in JP-A-52-151371 and JP-A-58-205552 are effective for materials having different specific gravities, but the same is true for different materials such as plastics. In some cases, specific gravity cannot be separated only by specific gravity selection.

Further, as another separation method, there is a method in which plastic is melted by heat or the like and separated by the difference in melting temperature. It is considered that this method can process foamed moldings made of thermoplastics. However, if the plastic to be treated contains vinyl chloride plastic, harmful gas may be generated from the plastic when it is melted, and there is a problem of damage to the device and environmental damage when released into the atmosphere.

[0005]

As described above, in the method of crushing and incinerating large wastes to reduce the volume and then reclaiming them, the greenhouse effect of the earth due to the generation of carbon dioxide gas caused by the incineration becomes a problem. Combustion of vinyl chloride plastics has problems such as severe damage to the incinerator. Further, in the method of landfilling the remaining waste from which the metal has been recovered in the general large-scale waste treatment disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 50-156754, a large amount of plastic waste, etc. still remains and the volume is reduced. However, there is a problem that it is not sufficient to solve the shortage of landfill because the landfill is not sufficient.

Further, as described above, the materials described in JP-A-52-151371 and JP-A-58-205552 may have the same specific gravity even if the materials are different, such as plastic. In some cases it is not possible to make a sufficient separation. Furthermore, specific gravity selection is not suitable for foamed moldings whose specific gravity changes depending on the foaming state regardless of the plastic material.

In the method of melting and separating by the difference in melting temperature, as described above, when vinyl chloride plastic is contained in the plastic to be treated like general waste, harmful gas is melted from the plastic during melting. Is likely to occur, and there is a problem of damage to the device and environmental destruction when released into the atmosphere. Further, the foamed molding material made of thermosetting plastic cannot be applied because it does not melt even when heated.

The present invention eliminates these problems, separates vinyl chloride plastic waste that is difficult to reuse from plastic waste that is discarded in large quantities, and recovers plastic that is suitable for reuse. The purpose is to enable effective use of scarce resources.

[0009]

The plastics according to the present invention are sorted by crushing plastics mixed with a plurality of materials by utilizing the embrittlement property at low temperature and sorting the crushed materials by size. It is characterized in that a part of the selected ones is further subjected to a specific gravity selection, or a crushed product of a dried plastic mixed with a plurality of materials is electrostatically separated and then a part of the selected ones is further subjected to a specific gravity selection. . In the present invention, it is effective to use water as the specific gravity liquid for the specific gravity selection and collect the crushed material by dividing it into at least a float and a precipitate.

Although a sieve separator is practical for dividing the size, this sieve separator may be composed of either a specific gravity sorter or an electrostatic separator alone or a combination thereof. It is valid.

[0011]

Operation The operation of separating plastics containing a mixture of a plurality of materials having the above-mentioned construction will be described by taking the processing of waste home electric appliances as an example. Plastics are the main content of the waste crushed materials that have undergone the previous process such as metal separation equipment, but in the plastic separation equipment, after cooling to a low temperature of 0 to -60 ℃ with a cooling device, impact force is mainly Impact crushing with a working crusher.
Here, the difference in the embrittlement point due to the difference in the plastic material is used to selectively crush the plastic waste.Since vinyl chloride plastic has a high embrittlement point, it is more detailed than other plastics. Be crushed. Therefore, the waste that has been crushed by the low temperature crusher is passed through a sieving and sorting machine to obtain fine waste that is mostly made of vinyl chloride plastic and relatively coarse waste that is made of plastic that contains very little vinyl chloride. Can be separated into

Further, in the case where an electrostatic separation device composed of an electrostatic separation device is provided in front of the plastic separation device, or in the case where the electrostatic separation device is provided with a dryer, the electrostatic separation device is made of plastics. Since timber can be sorted, timber and the like can be sorted.

As described above, since the plastics are separated and the plastics suitable for reuse are recovered as resources, the amount of waste to be landfilled can be greatly reduced.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the waste treatment device of this embodiment. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is a stockyard for storing waste roughly classified by type, and 2 is a stockyard 1.
A supply device 3 for supplying waste to the pretreatment device 3 is a pretreatment device, which comprises a refrigerant recovery means 4, a large glass takeout means 5, and a metal agglomeration means 6. Reference numeral 7 is a crushing device composed of one or two crushers, 8 is a light weight sorting device, and 9 is a metal sorting device, which is composed of a magnetic sorting machine 10 and an eddy current sorting machine 11. 12 is a plastic sorting device, which comprises a cooling device 13, a crusher 14, and a sieve sorter 15. Further, 16 is a refrigerating and crushing device for crushing metal lumps, and a cooling device 1
7 and a crusher 18, and 19 is a foaming agent recovery device, which is composed of a crusher 20 for crushing the foamed orthopedic material, a foaming agent / resin separating device 21 and a foaming agent cooling device 22.

The household electric appliances collected by the collection vehicle are stored in the stockyard 1 in four types, that is, a refrigerator, an air conditioner, a TV, a washing machine and the like. The waste electric home appliances stored in the stockyard 1 are taken out by type by the supply device 2 and sent to the pretreatment device 3. In the pretreatment device 3, when the discarded home electric appliances are refrigerators and air conditioners, the arrow 10
1, 101a, the refrigerant recovery means 4 described later extracts the refrigerant from the refrigerator and recovers the refrigerant as indicated by arrow 116. Next, the compressor is removed from the refrigerator by the metal lump separating means 6. When the discarded home electric appliances are televisions, the cathode ray tube is removed by the large glass takeout means 5 as shown by arrows 102 and 102a. When the discarded home electric appliances are washing machines or the like and the household electric appliances other than the refrigerator, the air conditioner, and the TV are the discarded electric household appliances, the metal ingot separating device 6 removes the metal ingots such as the motor as shown by arrows 103 and 103a. Here, as one of the structures of the metal ingot separating means 6, a guillotine type cutting machine which is a kind of shearing machine can be used. The large glass take-out means 5 may have a structure in which the lath is crushed and separated by a compressing force such as an impact type crusher or a press which crushes and separates glass by hitting it with a hammer several times.

The household electric appliances which have been subjected to these pretreatments and from which the above metal lumps have been removed are sent to the crushing device 7 as indicated by an arrow 104, and the crushing device 7 causes the crushing mechanism of one or two stages to 50 to 50. It is crushed to a size of about 100 mm and released for each material. Particularly in the case of a refrigerator, urethane foam needs to be released from a thin iron plate, and for this purpose, a multistage crushing mechanism is advantageous.

Wastes crushed by the crushing device 7 and released for each material are sent to a light weight sorting device 8 as indicated by an arrow 105, and the light weight sorting device 8 separates a foam molding material such as urethane foam. The foamed molding material is sent to the foaming agent recovery device 19 as a light waste, as shown by an arrow 107, and the heavy waste from which the foamed molding material has been separated is sent to the metal sorting device 9 as shown by an arrow 106. Here, as one of the structures of the light weight sorting apparatus 8, the property that the foamed molding material is extremely light compared with other waste materials is used, and air is blown to the waste material discharged from the crushing apparatus 7 to perform foam molding. It is possible to use a structure in which the material is skipped and the foamed molded material is separated. As another structure, it is possible to use a structure in which an inclined vibration conveyor is used and a light foam molding material is taken out from the upper part and other heavy waste is taken out from the lower part.

On the other hand, the metal lumps such as the compressor and the motor separated by the metal lump separating device 6 of the pretreatment device 3 are indicated by arrows 11.
As indicated by 3, the powder is sent to the freeze crusher 16. In the freezing and crushing device 16, first, it is cooled to a low temperature of −100 ° C. or less by the cooling device 17, then is applied to the crusher 18, and is crushed by a relatively small impact by utilizing the low temperature brittleness of metal,
The heavy waste from the light weight sorter 8 is sent to the metal sorter 9 as shown by arrow 106.

In the metal separating device 9, the iron-based metal is first separated by the magnetic separator 10 and is recovered as the iron-based metal as shown by an arrow 108. Next, the non-ferrous metal is separated by the eddy current selector 11 and recovered as shown by an arrow 109. As a result, the main content of the remaining waste is plastics. This plastic waste is sent to the plastic sorting device 12 as indicated by arrow 110. The plastic sorting device 12 includes a cooling device 13, a crusher 14, and a sieving / sorting machine 15.
In No. 2, first, the plastic waste is cooled to a low temperature of about 0 to −60 ° C. by the cooling device 13, and then the shredder 14 is subjected to impact shredding. Here, the plastic waste is selectively crushed by utilizing the difference in the brittleness point due to the difference in the plastic material.Since vinyl chloride plastic has a high brittleness point, It is crushed more finely. Therefore, by passing the waste material crushed by the crusher 14 through the sieving / sorting machine 15, a fine waste material mostly made of vinyl chloride plastic and a relatively large waste material made of very little vinyl chloride plastic. Since it can be separated into waste, the vinyl chloride plastic is separated as shown by the arrow 111, and the rest is separately collected as the easily reusable plastic as shown by the arrow 112.

On the other hand, the foamed molded product separated by the lightweight material sorting device 8 has a foaming agent recovery device 19 as shown by an arrow 107.
And is first pulverized by the pulverizer 20 and separated by the separator 21 into a solid resin portion and a gaseous foaming agent. Here, the solid resin portion is separated and collected as shown by the arrow 114, but the gaseous foaming agent is mixed with the surrounding air and sent to the cooling device 22 as shown by the arrow 115, and the cooling device 22. And the liquefied foaming agent is cooled by
Recovered as shown in. Meanwhile, the air returns to the crusher 20 as shown by the arrow 117. As a result, the fluorocarbon used as the foaming agent and the resin portion (plastic material) are separated and collected.

By separating and collecting as described above,
It becomes possible to recover the refrigerant and the freon of the foaming agent, which could not be recovered conventionally. Further, in addition to recovering metals, plastics suitable for reuse can be recovered as a resource by separating plastics as well, so that the amount of waste to be landfilled can be greatly reduced.

In the present embodiment, the removal of metal blocks such as the compressor and the motor in the pretreatment device 3 takes into consideration the function and life of the crushing device 7 in the next stage. That is, since the crushing device 7 has a function of separating plastics and metal at the same time as cutting a thin metal plate, the crushing device 7 cuts a thin plate of about 0.1 mm. Therefore, if a metal lump enters here, the life of the crushing blade is shortened and the above two functions cannot be satisfied, and the subsequent processing is hindered. Further, the crushing device 7 is a device for crushing a large-sized waste first, and a large load may be applied at the time of crushing. Therefore, if a further metal mass is bitten by this crushing device, the crushing device can be locked easily. It also plays a role in preventing the lock of the crusher.

Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a stainless sorter 23 and a specific gravity sorter 24 are added to the metal sorter 9 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and a specific gravity sorter 26 is added to the plastic sorter 12, and metal sorter is used. Device 9 and plastic sorting device 1
The electrostatic separator 25 is provided between the two. In the waste treatment device of this embodiment, the waste after the iron-based metal composed of the magnetic material is separated by the magnetic sorter 10 contains stainless steel which is generally said not to be attached to the magnet. Consideration is also given to the case where timber, which is used as a case in TV, is included in the discarded home appliances. Stainless steel, which is generally said not to adhere to magnets, has a property that when it is cut or bent, its structure changes partly and is weak, but it is attracted to magnets. Most of the stainless steel used in the product is processed, and since the processing such as cutting is also performed by the crushing device 7 in this processing device, the stainless steel contained in the waste that enters the stainless sorter 23 is weak. It is magnetic. Stainless steel sorter 2 here
3 is a magnetic sorter that generates a stronger magnetic force than the general magnetic sorter 10 that separates iron-based metals that are magnetic substances, and that separates stainless steel, which has become a weak magnetic substance, with a strong magnetic force. Is.

The specific gravity sorter 24 separates the non-ferrous metals separated by the eddy current sorter 11 and collected as shown by an arrow 109 by material so as to facilitate recycling. In this embodiment, copper and aluminum, which are used in large amounts, are mainly used (recovered as indicated by arrow 120), aluminum (recovered as indicated by arrow 121), and other non-ferrous metals (represented by arrow 122). In this case, it is collected as shown). Since the specific gravity sorter 24 separates non-ferrous metals, a liquid having a specific gravity of 2 or more is required as the specific gravity liquid, but such liquid is small. Therefore, a magnetic fluid was used as the specific gravity liquid in the specific gravity sorter of this example. When placed in a magnetic field, this magnetic fluid has a property that the apparent specific gravity changes depending on the strength of the applied magnetic field, and this property is used to perform specific gravity selection. By preparing two types of strength, three types of non-ferrous metals can be separated.

As a result of the above, as shown by the arrow 110, the waste that has passed through the metal separating device 9 is mainly plastics, but the wood used for the case of the television and the like also remains in this waste. It is possible. Therefore, to make it easier to reuse the finally separated plastic,
It is also necessary to separate the timber. For this purpose, the electrostatic separator 25 is provided after the metal separator 9. The electrostatic separator 25 is composed of an electrostatic separator alone or a dryer and an electrostatic separator. The electrostatic separation device 25 uses static electricity to separate by utilizing the difference in the chargeability of the substance. Compared to plastic, the chargeability of wood is extremely low, so that wood can be easily separated here.

The plastic-based waste that has left the electrostatic separator 25 is a plastic sorting device 1 as indicated by the arrow.
Sent to 2. The arrow 11 in the plastic sorting device 12
As shown by 1, the waste is classified into two types, that is, a waste containing a large amount of vinyl chloride based plastic and a plastic containing almost no vinyl chloride based plastic as indicated by an arrow 112. However, since the waste indicated by the arrow 111 includes plastics other than vinyl chloride that are easy to reuse, it is necessary to collect this and increase the amount of plastic that can be reused. Machine 26. Since the specific gravity of vinyl chloride plastic is relatively large at 1.2 to 1.6, what is settled by the specific gravity sorter 26 is vinyl chloride plastic and is recovered as shown by the arrow 124, and the one that floated is regenerated. As usable plastic, it is separated and collected as shown by an arrow 125. As described above, in this embodiment, as compared with the embodiment shown in FIG.
It is possible to further finely separate the metals and improve the recovery rate of plastics suitable for reuse. In the metal sorting apparatus of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the magnetic sorter, the eddy current sorter, and the stainless sorter are described as one-stage sorting, but there are multiple stages according to each sorting state. It is also possible to When each selection is made in multiple stages, it becomes possible to further improve each selection efficiency.

FIG. 3 is a view showing another embodiment of the plastic sorting apparatus 12 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 or 2. This is one in which electrostatic separation is used for sorting plastics, and the plastic sorting device 12a in this embodiment is used.
Is composed of a dryer 27, a crusher 28, an electrostatic separator 29, and a specific gravity sorter 30. In FIG. 3, the waste material from which the metals have been separated by the metal separation device 9 is dried by the dryer 27 and crushed by the crusher 28 so that the particle sizes thereof are uniformed. The plastic waste 126 with uniform particle size is applied to the electrostatic separator 29, and is indicated by arrow 127 as a plastic having good charging property (polystyrene or vinyl chloride).
As shown in (1), it is sorted into the plastics 128 other than those having low chargeability. Since the plastic with good chargeability separated here contains vinyl chloride plastic, it is further applied to a specific gravity sorter 30 to separate and remove vinyl chloride plastic as indicated by arrow 129, and recycle. By taking out the easy-to-use plastic as shown by the arrow 130, the plastic can be separated.

Although the dryer 27 is provided in the present embodiment, FIG.
As in the case where the present plastic sorting apparatus 12a is applied to the embodiment shown in (1), the dryer 27 may be omitted when the waste coming in here is dry.

FIG. 4 is a view showing still another embodiment of the plastic sorting apparatus 12. This plastic sorter 1
2b is for separating plastic by multi-stage electrostatic separation. That is, in the plastic separating device 12b, the waste having the uniform particle size indicated by the arrow 126, which has passed through the dryer 27 and the crusher 28, is chlorinated with polystyrene having good chargeability by the first-stage electrostatic separator 29. Vinyl-based plastic is separated as shown by arrow 127, and this is further separated by polystyrene separator (separated as shown by arrow 132) and vinyl chloride-based (shown by arrow 131) by the second-stage electrostatic separator 31. It is a method of separating into.

FIG. 5 is a view showing an embodiment of the crushing device 7. As described above, the crushing device 7 needs to have a function of roughly crushing the waste to separate the waste into materials, and at the same time, to remove the urethane foam or the like attached to the thin iron plate like the heat insulating material of the refrigerator. is there. Crushing device 7 of this embodiment
First, crush the waste into strips with the first-stage crusher 36,
The waste 37 crushed into strips is changed in direction by the rotary blades 38, and is crushed by the second crusher 39 in a direction different from that of the first crusher 36. Many crushing blades 4
0 is attached to the shaft 41 to form a rotary blade 42, and the rotary blade 42 is configured such that the two rotary blades 42a and 42b mesh with each other. Here, FIG.
As shown in, the thickness of the crushing blade 40 and the gaps 51, 52 between the crushing blades 40 are 50 to 100 mm, and the rotary blade 42a,
When 42b is engaged with each other, 1
A gap of 10 mm is provided. With this configuration, the waste is sheared to about 50 to 100 mm, and at the same time, a gap is provided between the rotary blades 42a and 42b at the time of shearing and crushing. The crushers 36 and 39 also exert force in the direction of stripping the adhered material. This force enables the crushers 36 and 39 to peel off the foamed molding material such as the heat insulating material stuck on the thin iron plate.

By constructing the waste treatment device as described above, most of the waste can be reused, and it becomes possible to effectively use the resources as well as to prevent the landfill shortage. Further, it becomes possible to recover CFCs regulated as a cause of ozone layer depletion.

7 to 12 are views showing another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 shows the stockyard 1, the supply device 2, the pretreatment device 3 and the metal lump crushing device 16. Collection vehicle 40
The refrigerator 402, the washing machine 403, and the television 404 that have been carried by 1 are sent to the supply device 2 pretreatment device 3 such as a conveyor. In the case of the treatment of the refrigerator 402 in the pretreatment device 3, first, the refrigerant in the refrigerator is extracted by the refrigerant recovery means 4. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the refrigerant recovery means 4 includes a base 32, an oil pot 301, a compression device 34, and a liquid circulation pump 406. The refrigerant and oil recovered here are respectively a refrigerant recovery pot 407 and an oil recovery pot 410. And are sent to the reprocessing and processing plant as indicated by arrows 408 and 409, respectively.

The refrigerator 402 from which the refrigerant has been removed is then sent to the crushing device 7 after removing the compressor 302 and the rubber-containing rubber packing 303. Further, the washing machine 403 has the metal block parts such as the motor and clutch 304 removed, and the television 404 has the cathode ray tube 306 removed (the remaining portion after removing the cathode ray tube 306 is almost the box 305), and the crushing device 7 shown in FIG. Sent to.

On the other hand, the metal ingot parts such as the compressor 302, the motor and the clutch 304 removed by the pretreatment device 3 are crushed by the metal crushing device 16. In the metal ingot crushing device 16, waste metal ingot parts are cooled in the cooling device 17 by the cooling medium 1601 such as liquid air to a temperature not higher than the brittle point of the iron-based metal, and in the crushing device 18 are impact crushed. As a result,
Iron-based metals are finely crushed. The crushed waste is sent by the conveyor 1602 to the metal separating device 9 shown in FIG. Further, the cooling medium obtained by cooling the metal block by the cooling device 17 and vaporizing it can be used as a cold gas 1603 as a cold heat source for cooling the foaming agent recovery device 19 and the plastic sorting device 12.

In the crushing device 7, the waste material is controlled by the hydraulic control system 702.
Controlled at 01, the amount is controlled to enter the first crusher 703, crushed to a size of about 100 mm, and further crushed to about 50 mm by the second crusher 704.

The waste material crushed by the crushing device 7 is separated into polyurethane foam by a foam molding material air sorter 801 of a lightweight material sorting device 8. The waste from which the foamed polyurethane has been separated is first separated by a metal separating device 9 into a cord-shaped coated copper wire 902 by a screen 901 having a hole diameter of 80 to 100 mm, and an iron-based metal 908 by a two-stage iron magnetic separator 903, 904. To separate. Further, a non-ferrous metal such as aluminum 906 is selected by an eddy current of an aluminum selector 905 made by rotating a magnet, and a ferrous metal 908 is further separated by magnetic force. The waste from which these metals have been separated is mainly plastic waste 907, which is sent to the plastic sorting apparatus 12 shown in FIG. On the other hand, the iron-based metal 908 separated here is sent to the iron recycling plant as indicated by arrow 909, and the aluminum 906 is sent to the aluminum recycling plant as indicated by arrow 910.

In the plastic fractionation device 12, the liquid nitrogen from the liquid nitrogen tank 1201 is evaporated by the evaporator 1202 and injected into the low temperature chamber 1203 to cool the plastic-based waste sent to it to -20 to -40 ° C. Then, the blower 1205 returns it to the evaporator 1202. The waste cooled here is crushed by the selection crusher 14. This is roughly separated by sieving with a sieving separator 15. This time,
Although plastics containing a large amount of vinyl chloride can be taken out from under the sieve into the hopper 1208, plastics other than vinyl chloride that are easy to reuse are also included in this. A water-use separator (specific gravity sorter) 1209 is provided to facilitate the collection of plastics other than vinyl chloride-based plastics that are easy to reuse and to separate each material.

The foamed polyurethane separated by the foam molding material wind separator 801 is sent to the foaming agent recovery device 19 shown in FIG. The foamed material is separated from the air for transportation by the cyclone separator 802 and enters the hopper 1903. The hopper 1903 has a resin / foaming agent separating device 1904 whose inlet and outlet are closed by slide gates 1901 and 1902. Here, compression or pulverization is performed to separate the resin and the foaming agent. The separated resin is compressed and solidified by the separating device 1904, opened the slide gate 1902, and taken out to the outside, and is sent to the polyurethane processing plant as shown by an arrow 1906. On the other hand, the blowing agent separated by the separation device 1904 is adsorbed on the activated carbon by the activated carbon adsorption 1909 by the blower 1907. The foaming agent adsorbed on the activated carbon is desorbed by heat, cooled by coolers 1911 and 1912 using a cold heat source such as a cooling device 1914, and recovered as a liquefied foaming agent 1913.

In this embodiment, the plastic sorting device 12,
Although the cold heat source of the foaming agent recovery device 19 is prepared respectively, the exhausted cold heat 1603 may be used as the cold heat source when the metal crushing device 16 uses the freeze crushing.

13 to 18 are views showing another embodiment of the present invention. This is an example without the pretreatment device 3. FIG. 13 shows the stockyard 1 and the supply device 2. CFC recovery car (district circulation (for cooler)) 420, packer car (with CFC recovery device (including refrigerator)) 421, packer car (with CFC recovery device (without refrigerator)) 422,
The waste transported by the truck 423 or the like is put in the stockyard 1. In addition, the CFCs in the CFC recovery vehicle 420 and the packer vehicle (with a CFC recovery device (including a refrigerator)) 421 are recovered in this line as indicated by an arrow 425, and oil separation and bottling are performed. The stockyard 1 has a room-like structure so as to have a closed structure to the outside as much as possible, and the air in the stockyard is guided to an odor treatment device as indicated by an arrow 426 in order to prevent odor. In addition, the sewage (oil) that has come out here is guided through the sewage (oil) treatment through a hole provided at the bottom (arrow 429). The waste stored in the stockyard 1 is transferred to the crane 427 of the supply device 2 as shown in FIG.
It is supplied to the crushing device 7 shown in FIG. An explosion-proof shutter 706 is provided at the waste material supply port of the jumping crusher 707 of the crushing device 7,
At the top of the jumping crusher 707, there is an emergency outlet 705.
Therefore, we are trying to ensure safety when a gas cylinder or the like comes in as waste and an explosion occurs during crushing. When the waste is crushed, the jumping crusher 707 springs out parts of the metal mass such as the motor and the compressor, and the other parts are crushed here and sent to the shredder 711. The bounced metal ingot parts are sent to the metal ingot crushing device 16 by the conveyor 709. On the other hand, small electric appliances such as TV, range, and stereo 428
Is sent to the shredder 711 by bypassing the crushing crusher 707 from the TV-only slot 708. Shredder 7
11 crushes waste and releases it for each material.
The sewage such as oil obtained here is flowed to the sewage treatment apparatus and treated as shown by an arrow 712.

The waste material crushed and released by the shredder 711 is separated into polyurethane foam by the foam molding material wind sorter 713 of the lightweight material sorting device 8. The waste from which the foamed molding material has been separated is sent to the metal separation device shown in FIG. The separated polyurethane foam is pulverized and separated into a resin and a foaming agent.
This resin portion is taken out from the hopper 710. On the other hand, the foaming agent is popping crusher 707, shredder 7
It is sent to the foaming agent recovery device 19 shown in FIG.

On the other hand, the metal lump parts such as the compressor, the motor, the clutch, etc., which are thrown out by the jumping crusher 707, are conveyed by the conveyor 70.
9 is sent to the metal ingot crushing device 16 and is crushed. In this metal ingot crushing device 16, waste metal ingot parts are cooled in the cooling device 17 by the cooling medium 1604 such as liquid air to below the embrittlement point of the iron-based metal, and shock crushed in the crushing device 18. As a result, the iron-based metal is finely crushed.
The crushed waste is sent to the metal separating device 9 by the conveyor 1602 made of SUS or aluminum. Further, the cooling medium that is vaporized by cooling the metal ingot by the cooling device 17 is the cold gas 16
As 03, it can be used as a cold heat source for cooling the foaming agent recovery device 19 and the plastic sorting device 12.

The waste sent to the metal separating device 9 rotates a magnet so that an eddy current can also be generated. A magnetic separator 911.
Is passed through two stages to separate into non-ferrous metal 912, ferrous metal 914, and other waste 913. Waste 913 was screened 916 and copper wire 91 still missing
7 is recovered, and glass or the like 919 is separated by a sieve of about 5 to 10 mm. This is subjected to processing of a sintered block or the like as shown by arrow 920. Most of the waste separated from glass is plastic. This waste is then sent to the plastic sorting device 12.

In the plastic separating device 12, the cold gas 1602 sent from the metal crushing device 16 is adjusted in temperature by the temperature adjusting device 1211 and is injected into the low temperature chamber 1212. −
It is cooled to 20 to -40 ° C. and returned to the temperature adjusting device 1211 by the blower 1205 again. The waste cooled here is crushed by the selection crusher 14. This is roughly separated by sieving with a sieving separator 15. At this time, plastic containing a large amount of vinyl chloride can be taken out from the bottom of the sieve into the hopper 1208, but this also includes plastics other than vinyl chloride that are easy to reuse.
A water-use separator (specific gravity sorter) 1209 is provided to facilitate the collection of plastics other than vinyl chloride-based plastic that are easy to reuse, and also to separate each material.
Is. In addition, water separator (specific gravity sorter) 1209
The specific gravity liquid used in becomes gradually dirty during use. Therefore, the specific gravity liquid management device 1216 is provided for managing the specific gravity of the specific gravity liquid.

The foaming agent separated from the resin portion of the foamed polyurethane separated by the foam molding material wind separator 713, including those generated by the pop-out crusher 707 and shredder 711, is blown by the blower 1916 through the filter 1915 to collect the foaming agent. Sent to 19. Here, liquefaction is performed in a deep-chill tank 1919 using self-evaporation of a foaming agent, water 1924 is separated by a water separator 1923, and flon 1925 is recovered. Further, the blowing agent having a large air content, which has been split before entering the deep-chill tank 1919, is adsorbed on the activated carbon by activated carbon adsorption 1909 as in the previous embodiment. The foaming agent adsorbed on the activated carbon is desorbed by heat, and a cooler such as a cooling device 1914 is used to cool the air.
It is cooled in 911 and collected as a liquefied foaming agent 1913.

In this embodiment, the plastic separating device 12,
Although the cold heat source of the foaming agent recovery device 19 is prepared respectively, the exhausted cold heat 1602 may be used as the cold heat source when the metal crushing device 16 uses the freeze crushing.

Although the embodiments of the apparatus for collectively performing all the processing have been described above, the elements of the apparatus can be partially used in combination as needed. As an example, a device for supplying plastic 2, a crushing device 7, and a metal separating device 9 to which a plastic separating device 12 is added to perform plastic separation, which has not been consistently performed in the past, the supplying device 2, and the crushing device 7 In a device comprising a metal separating device 9 or a plastic separating device 12 added to the device, at least one of large glass taking-out means 5, refrigerant collecting means 4, and metal lump separating group 6 is provided. A waste treatment device in which the treatment device 3 is provided before or after the supply device 2 is also effective. Further, installing low-temperature crushing for crushing metal lumps in parallel in each of these devices is effective for reducing crushing power for crushing metal lumps and extending the life of the crusher.

Further, by constructing the crushing at low temperature after recovering the chlorofluorocarbon, the contamination of the coolant at the crushing at low temperature can be reduced.

Further, in a device which comprises a supply device 2, a crushing device 7 and a metal separating device 9 or a plastic separating device 12 is added to this device, a lightweight object separating device 8 is inserted after the crushing device 7, It is considered that partial combination such as providing a foaming agent collecting device by branching from the separating device 8 to the main route is also an effective combination.

[0050]

According to the present invention, it is possible to separate and collect useful plastics suitable for reuse from a plurality of kinds of mixed plastics. Particularly, it is possible to process a large amount of waste and to use less resources. It is the best to use.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an overall configuration of an example of a waste treatment device using the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the overall configuration of another example of a waste treatment device using the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of an embodiment of a plastic sorting apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of another embodiment of the plastic sorting apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating the structure of a crushing device.

FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged perspective view of a crusher rotary blade used in the crusher.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a stockyard, a supply device, a pretreatment device, and a metal lump crushing device in another example of the waste treatment device using the present invention.

8 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a refrigerant recovery unit according to FIG.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of the crushing device and the lightweight material sorting device according to FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of the metal sorting device according to FIG. 7.

11 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a plastic sorting apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention according to FIG. 7. FIG.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a foaming agent recovery device according to FIG. 7.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a stockyard and a supply device in another example of the waste treatment device using the present invention.

14 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of the crushing device according to FIG.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of the crushing device and the metal lump crushing device according to FIG. 13.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of the metal sorting device according to FIG. 14.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a plastic sorting apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention according to FIG.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a foaming agent recovery device according to FIG. 13.

[Explanation of symbols]

12 ... Plastic sorting device, 13 ... Cooling device, 14 ...
Crusher, 15 ... Sieve sorter, 26, 30, 1209 ... Specific gravity sorter, 29, 31, 1203 ... Electrostatic separator Cold room.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Reference number within the agency FI technical display location B29B 13/10 // B29K 101: 00 105: 26 (72) Inventor Shuji Mori Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 4-6 Surugadai Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Tatsuji Kato 4-6 Kanda Surugadai Hitachi, Ltd. Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A method of crushing a plastic mixed with a plurality of materials by utilizing the brittleness property at a low temperature, selecting the crushed material according to size, and further subjecting a part of the selected material to specific gravity selection. Characteristic plastic separation method. 2. A method for separating plastics, characterized in that after crushed dry plastics containing a mixture of a plurality of materials are electrostatically separated and sorted, a part of the sorted ones is further subjected to specific gravity sorting. 3. The method for separating plastics according to claim 1 or 2, wherein water is used as the specific gravity liquid for the specific gravity selection, and the charged crushed material is recovered in at least a float and a precipitate. 4. A means for supplying a plastic containing a mixture of a plurality of materials, a low-temperature crusher provided at the latter stage of the means for crushing by utilizing the brittleness characteristics at low temperature, and a means provided at the latter stage of the crusher. And a specific gravity sorter provided in a subsequent stage of the separator. 5. A means for supplying a crushed dry plastic material containing a mixture of a plurality of materials, an electrostatic separator provided after the means, and a specific gravity separator provided after the separator. A plastic sorting device characterized by: 6. The separation of plastics according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the specific gravity selector uses water as a specific gravity liquid and has a mechanism for collecting the crushed material at least by separating it into a float and a precipitate. apparatus. 7. A plastic separating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said sieve separator is composed of either a specific gravity sorter or an electrostatic separator, or a combination thereof.