JP2002346532A - Waste disposer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste disposer which recovers a rare earth/boron/ ferropermanent magnet from the waste containing the rare earth/boron/ ferropermanent magnet recently used as a permanent magnet, as a constituent part. SOLUTION: A metal mass freezing and crushing device 1a of the waste disposer comprises a hydrogen concentration sensor 15 for detecting a hydrogen concentration, a hydrogen atmosphere forming device 2 which is of a hermetically sealed structure with an inlet and an outlet shutter 10 and 11 and filled internally with hydrogen after receiving the carried-in metal mass, a cooling device 3 which cools the carried-out metal mass from the hydrogen atmosphere forming device 2 at a temp. not higher than -100 deg.C, a crusher 4 for crushing the metal mass carried out of the cooling device 3 and a sieving magnetic selector 5 which selects the rare earth/boron/ferropermanent magnet from the metal mass crushed by the crusher 4.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste disposal apparatus for recovering waste, and more particularly, to a rare earth, boron,
The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus which enables a waste treatment in which an iron-based permanent magnet is used as a constituent material.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an entire configuration of a conventional waste disposal apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H10-110,026. In the figure, reference numeral 21 denotes a stock yard for storing waste roughly classified by type, reference numeral 22 denotes a supply device for supplying waste from the stock yard 21 to a pretreatment device 23,
Reference numeral 23 denotes a pretreatment device, which comprises a refrigerant recovery means 24, a large glass take-out means 25, and a metal lump separating means 26. 27 is a crushing device, 28 is a light-weight sorting device, 29 is a metal sorting device, and includes a magnetic separator 30 and an eddy current separator 31. 32 is a plastic sorting device, which is a cooling device 3
3. It comprises a crusher 34 and a sieve sorter 35. Also, 3
6 is a freezing and crushing device for crushing metal lump,
A crusher 38; 39, a foaming agent recovery device; a crusher 40 for crushing the foamed molding material;
1 and a foaming agent cooling device 42.

[0003] In the pre-treatment device 23, waste home appliances are stored in a refrigerator,
In the case of an air conditioner, the refrigerant in the refrigerator is extracted by the refrigerant recovery means 24 as shown by arrows 101 and 101a, and the refrigerant is recovered as shown by arrow 118. Next, the compressor is removed from the refrigerator by the metal lump sorting means 26. When the waste home electric appliance is a television, the large glass take-out means 25 removes the cathode ray tube as shown by arrows 102 and 102a. Also, when the waste home appliances are washing machines or the like and are waste home appliances other than refrigerators, air conditioners, and televisions, an arrow 103;
As shown at 103a, a metal lump such as a motor is removed by the metal lump sorting means 26.

[0004] The waste electrical appliances from which these pretreatments have been carried out and from which the above-mentioned metal lumps have been removed are sent to a crushing device 27 as indicated by an arrow 104, and the crushing device 27 uses a one-stage or two-stage crushing mechanism. Crushed to a size of about 100 mm and released for each material.

[0005] The waste crushed by the crushing device 27 and separated for each material is sent to a lightweight material separation device 28 as shown by an arrow 105, and the lightweight material separation device 28 separates a foamed material such as urethane foam. As a result, the foamed molding material is treated as light waste as indicated by an arrow 107 in the foaming agent recovery device 39.
The heavy waste that has been sent to
It is sent to the metal separation device 29 as indicated by 06.

On the other hand, the metal lump separating means 2 of the pretreatment device 23
The metal lump such as a compressor and a motor separated by 6 is sent to the freezing and crushing device 36 as indicated by an arrow 113. In the freezing and crushing device 36, first, the cooling device 37 sets -10
After being cooled to a low temperature of 0 ° C. or less, it is applied to a crusher 38,
Utilizing the low-temperature brittleness of the metal, it is crushed by a relatively small impact, and is sent to the metal separation device 29 as shown by an arrow 106 together with heavy waste from the lightweight material separation device 28.

In the metal sorting apparatus 29, first, a magnetic sorter 30
, The iron-based metal is separated and recovered as an iron-based metal as indicated by an arrow 108. Next, the non-ferrous metal is separated by the eddy current sorter 31 and collected as indicated by an arrow 109.
As a result, the content of the remaining waste is mainly plastics.

The plastic waste is indicated by arrow 11
It is sent to the plastic sorting device 32 as indicated by 0.
In the plastic sorting device 32, first, the plastic waste is cooled to a low temperature of about 0 to −60 ° C. by the cooling device 33, and then subjected to impact crushing by the crusher 34. here,
It selectively crushes plastic waste using the difference in embrittlement point due to the difference in plastic material.
Plastics based on vinyl chloride have a high embrittlement point and can be crushed more finely than other plastics. Therefore, by passing the waste crushed by the crusher 34 through the sieving and sorting machine 35, a relatively large amount of fine waste mainly composed of vinyl chloride plastic and a relatively large waste composed of vinyl chloride-based plastic are contained. Since it can be separated into waste, the vinyl chloride-based plastic is separated as shown by an arrow 111, and the remainder is separately collected as an easily reusable plastic as shown by an arrow 112.

On the other hand, as shown by an arrow 107, the foam molded product separated by the lightweight material separating device 28 is
9 and firstly pulverized by a pulverizer 40 and a separation device 41
Thus, the resin is separated into a solid resin part and a gaseous foaming agent.
Here, the solid resin portion is separated and collected as shown by arrow 114, but the gaseous foaming agent is mixed with the surrounding air and sent to the cooling device 42 as shown by arrow 115,
Cooled by the cooling device 42, the blowing agent is liquefied and
Collected as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the air returns to the crusher 40 as shown by the arrow 117. As a result, the chlorofluorocarbon used as the foaming agent and the resin portion (plastic material) are separated and collected.

[0010] Further, permanent magnet materials are one of important electric and electronic materials used in a wide range of fields, from various home electric appliances to peripheral terminals of large computers. As permanent magnet materials, there are alnico, hard ferrite, and rare earth cobalt magnets, but with the instability of the raw material situation of cobalt, inexpensive hard ferrite mainly composed of iron oxide occupies the mainstream of magnet materials It became so. R (rare earth element), B (boron), Fe (iron)
The main component of the permanent magnet (hereinafter referred to as RB-Fe-based permanent magnet) is a light rare earth element which is resource-rich and mainly includes Nd (neodymium) and Pr (praseodymium). It is a permanent magnet that shows a high energy product as a main component.

In addition, due to recent demands for miniaturization and high efficiency of electric and electronic equipment, the use of rotary electric machines having a rotor with an RB-Fe-based permanent magnet is increasing.

The RB-Fe permanent magnet is formed by mechanically pulverizing an ingot mainly composed of rare earth, boron, and iron into fine particles, orienting the fine powder in a magnetic field, and molding the powder. It is manufactured by cooling after sintering. However, rare earth / boron / iron alloys for permanent magnets are very difficult to grind, coarse grinding tends to be flattened, the load of the grinder is high and it is easy to wear, and the 35 mesh required in the next fine grinding process There are problems that it is difficult to obtain through powder in mass production, and that the yield and grinding efficiency of the coarsely ground powder are poor.

JP-A-60-63304 discloses that R-
Using of H ₂ occlusion of the alloy ingot for B-Fe magnet, H ₂
It describes a method for producing a rare earth / boron / iron-based permanent magnet alloy powder that can be naturally collapsed in an atmosphere to efficiently obtain an alloy powder in a short time. This is because the alloy ingot for RB-Fe based magnets containing 2 atomic% or more of B has H ₂ occlusion properties and spontaneously disintegrates in H ₂ atmosphere to easily cause RB-
This is based on obtaining coarsely pulverized alloy for Fe-based magnets.

[0014]

In the conventional waste treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 8 described above, by separating and collecting the waste as described above, the refrigerant which could not be recovered conventionally can be obtained. And the collection of CFC as a foaming agent became possible. In addition to the recovery of metals, plastics can now be recovered as a resource, making it possible to reuse most of large waste.

However, when a permanent magnet is used to crush waste contained as a component, the crushed permanent magnet is adsorbed on equipment or crushed iron material and is difficult to separate. Therefore, the permanent magnet is used as a component. There was a problem that the contained waste was excluded from the treatment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems. Rare earth, boron, and iron permanent magnets, which are recently used as permanent magnets, are converted from wastes contained as constituent parts to rare earth elements.・ The purpose is to obtain a waste treatment device that can collect boron and iron-based permanent magnets.

[0017]

The waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention has a sealed structure having an inlet and an outlet for loading and unloading a metal lump. A hydrogen atmosphere forming device, a cooling device for low-temperature embrittlement of the metal lump left in the hydrogen atmosphere in the hydrogen atmosphere forming device, and a crusher for crushing the metal lump carried out from the cooling device. And a magnet sorter for sorting rare-earth, boron, and iron-based permanent magnets that have been spontaneously disintegrated and powdered by hydrogen absorption from the metal lump crushed by the crusher.

Further, the hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus is provided with a hydrogen concentration sensor for detecting a hydrogen concentration to adjust the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus.

Further, the hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus is provided with a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the hydrogen gas so that the pressure of the hydrogen gas can be controlled.

Further, the metal lump freezing and crushing apparatus is provided with a magnetic separator for separating an iron-based material from the metal lump crushed by the crusher.

Further, the magnet sorting device is a sieve magnet sorting device having a sieve capable of separating rare earth / boron / iron-based permanent magnets spontaneously disintegrated and powdered by hydrogen absorption.

Further, the magnet sorting device is provided with a magnet suction port for generating a suction air flow, and is a wind magnet sorting device for separating rare earth, boron, and iron permanent magnets that have been spontaneously collapsed and powdered by absorbing hydrogen. is there.

[0023]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an entire configuration flow of a waste disposal apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In the figure, 21 to 35 and 39 to 42 are the same as those in FIG. Further, 1a is a metal lump freezing and crushing apparatus, 2 is a hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus, 3 is a cooling apparatus, 4 is a crusher, 5 is a sieve magnet sorting apparatus for sorting permanent magnets containing Nd, Fe and B as main components. . FIG. 2 shows a hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus 2 of a metal lump cooling and crushing apparatus in a waste treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a specific configuration example of a cooling device 3. Also,
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of the crusher 4 and the sieve magnet sorting device 5 of the metal lump cooling and crushing device in the waste treatment device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

In the conventional waste disposal apparatus, as the metal lump to be crushed by the freezing and crushing apparatus 36, when the waste home electric appliance is a refrigerator or an air conditioner, the compressor removed from the refrigerator and the waste electric home appliance are a washing machine. In such a case, the removed metal lump such as a motor is a target, and a waste containing a permanent magnet as a component is not a target of the treatment. Embodiment 1
The metal lump freezing and crushing apparatus 1a is designed so that waste containing RB-Fe-based permanent magnets (rare earth / boron / iron-based permanent magnets) as components is subjected to waste treatment, and the permanent magnets are collected. It was done.

The waste treatment except for the metal lump is the same as in the conventional example as described below, and the description thereof is omitted. The waste from the stockyard 21 is supplied to a pretreatment device 23 by a supply device 22, and the pretreatment device 23
4. It comprises a large glass take-out means 25 and a metal lump sorting means 26, and performs a pretreatment corresponding to each waste.
Further, the waste from which the metal lumps have been removed is crushed by a crushing device 27, the foamed material is separated by a lightweight material separation device 28, and a ferrous metal and a non-ferrous metal are separated by a metal separation device 29. The plastic separator 32 separates vinyl chloride plastic. On the other hand, the foamed molded material separated by the lightweight material separation device 28 is separated into a foaming agent and a resin by the foaming agent collecting device 39 and collected.

The processing of the metal lump cooling and crushing apparatus 1a in the waste processing apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The metal lump such as a compressor and a motor removed by the metal lump sorting means 26 is sent to the metal lump freezing and crushing apparatus 1a as shown by an arrow 121.

The hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus 2 in the metal lump freezing and crushing apparatus 1a has a closed structure. The shutter 10 at the entrance is opened, and after the metal lump is carried in, the shutter 10 at the entrance is closed. 13 is operated to fill the hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus 2 with hydrogen. By leaving the metal lump in a hydrogen atmosphere for a predetermined period of time, the permanent magnet mainly containing Nd, Fe, and B contained in the metal lump undergoes hydrogen storage collapse and becomes a powder of 50 μm or less. At this time, the magnetic force of the permanent magnet mainly containing Nd, Fe, and B is also lost. After the predetermined time, the filling nozzle 12 and the discharge nozzle 13 are operated to discharge hydrogen. Thereafter, the shutter 11 at the outlet is opened, and the metal lump is carried out to the outside by the conveyor 14 and carried out to the cooling device 3.

Hydrogen is a dangerous substance that may explode depending on handling. However, the explosion limit is 4-76 vo
Since the hydrogen concentration is 1% (in air), the hydrogen concentration is checked by the hydrogen concentration sensor 15 and the hydrogen concentration is controlled so as to be kept outside this range, thereby realizing a safe facility without a danger of explosion.

The progress of hydrogen storage and collapse of the permanent magnet mainly composed of Nd, Fe and B is accelerated by increasing the hydrogen gas pressure. Pressure sensor 16 in hydrogen atmosphere forming device 2
Is provided, and by adjusting the hydrogen gas pressure of the hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus, the tact time in consideration of the safety of the apparatus and work can be set.

Next, the metal lump carried out of the hydrogen atmosphere forming device 2 is cooled by the cooling device 3 to a low temperature of -100 ° C. or less.

Next, the metal block is crushed by the crusher 4. The metal lump treated in the cooling device 3 can be crushed by a relatively small impact due to the low-temperature brittleness of the metal.

The sieve magnet sorting apparatus 5 is provided with a sieve 17 capable of separating powder having a size of about 50 μm. The sieve 17 is capable of separating a metal block crushed by the crushing apparatus 4 from a permanent magnet mainly composed of Nd, Fe, and B. Separate from the others. Nd and F which are very fine powders among the metal lump crushed by the crusher 4
The permanent magnet powder containing e and B as main components falls through a sieve 17 and the permanent magnet storage tank 1 containing Nd, Fe and B as main components.
8 is stored. The other metal lump is conveyed to the light-weight sorting apparatus 28 in the next step. Substances other than permanent magnets containing Nd, Fe, and B as main components are crushed to a size of at least several millimeters.
It is possible to reduce the N
Permanent magnets containing d, Fe, and B as main components (separated as indicated by an arrow 123) and others (sent to the lightweight object separation device 28 as indicated by an arrow 122) can be separated.

In the metal lump freezing and crushing apparatus 1a of the waste treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment, prior to the crushing of the metal lump, the compressor and the motor are left in a hydrogen atmosphere by the hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus 2 and Nd, Fe , B are caused to undergo hydrogen storage and collapse, so that the permanent magnets containing Nd, Fe, and B as main components are powdered. afterwards,
After being cooled to a predetermined brittle temperature by the cooling device 3, the metal lump is put into the crusher 4 and crushed at a low temperature. this is,
A compressor or a motor is crushed at a low temperature by utilizing the property that a metal (mainly a steel material) is embrittled and broken like a glass at a low temperature. At this point, the permanent magnet mainly composed of Nd, Fe, and B is in a powder state, and the magnetic force has completely disappeared. Therefore, there is no problem that the magnet is attracted to the crusher or the crushed metal lump. Absent. In the sieve magnet sorter 5, a permanent magnet mainly composed of Nd, Fe, and B, which are very fine powders, is collected. In addition, the waste treatment after removing the metal lump and the waste treatment after recovering the permanent magnet containing Nd, Fe, and B as the main components from the metal lump are the same as the conventional example.

Embodiment 2 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of a metal lump cooling and crushing apparatus in a waste disposal apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the figure, 1b is a metal lump cooling and crushing apparatus, 2 is a hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus, 3 is a cooling apparatus, 4
Is a crusher, 5 is a sieve magnet sorter that sorts permanent magnets containing Nd, Fe, and B as main components, and 6 is a magnetic sorter that sorts iron-based materials from metal crushed by the crusher 4. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of a crusher 4, a magnetic sorting device 6, and a sieve magnet sorting device 5 of a metal lump cooling and crushing device in a waste treatment device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the figure, 4 is a crusher, 5 is Nd, F
A sieve magnet sorting device for sorting permanent magnets containing e and B as main components, 6 is a magnetic sorting device for sorting iron-based materials from metal crushed by the crusher 4, and 19 is a magnet.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the processing of the metal lump cooling and crushing apparatus 1b in the waste processing apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described.

The metal lump such as a compressor and a motor removed by the metal lump sorting means 26 is sent to the metal lump freezing and crushing apparatus 1b as shown by an arrow 121. Metal lump freezing and crushing equipment 1
The processing of the hydrogen atmosphere forming device 2 and the cooling device 3 in b is the same as that of FIG. 2 of the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.

The crusher 4 crushes the metal lump treated by the hydrogen atmosphere forming device 2 and the cooling device 3. Cooling device 3
Can be crushed by a relatively small impact due to the low-temperature brittleness of the metal.

The magnetic separation device 6 utilizes the attraction of an iron-based material to a magnet, and has a structure provided with a magnet 19, and rotates the magnet 19 to turn the magnet 19 on a material other than the iron-based material and the iron-based material (arrow 124). (Sent to the light weight sorting device 58 as shown)
And separate. By providing the magnet in the magnetic separation device 6 in two stages, the iron-based material can be more completely separated.

In the sieve magnet sorting apparatus 5 according to the second embodiment, the metal lump separated only into the iron-based material by the magnetic sorting apparatus 6 at the preceding stage is subjected to hydrogen storage collapse by the treatment in the hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus 2 to produce powdery metal. Nd, F
Since the permanent magnets containing e and B as main components are selected, the permanent magnets containing Nd, Fe, and B as main components having few impurities can be selected. The permanent magnets containing Nd, Fe, and B as main components separated by the sieve magnet sorter 5 are collected as indicated by an arrow 123, and the other than the permanent magnets are indicated by an arrow 12
As shown in FIG. 2, it is sent to the light-weight sorting device 58.

In the first embodiment, when the permanent magnet mainly composed of Nd, Fe, and B powdered to have a particle size of 50 μm or less due to hydrogen absorption and collapse is recovered by the sieve magnet sorting apparatus 5, Nd, Fe, B In some cases, powders other than permanent magnets containing as a main component are contained, and when used as a permanent magnet material, it is necessary to select a magnet. In the second embodiment,
A magnetic sorting device 6 is provided in front of the sieve magnet sorting device 5,
The sieve magnet sorting device 5 separates the iron-based material from the metal mass crushed by the magnetic sorting device 6 and then sorts out the powdery permanent magnet containing Nd, Fe, and B as main components. In addition, it is possible to recover a permanent magnet containing Nd, Fe, and B as a main component, which contains few impurities.

Embodiment 3 FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of a metal lump cooling and crushing apparatus in a waste treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In the figure, 1c is a metal lump cooling and crushing apparatus, 2 is a hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus, 3 is a cooling apparatus,
Is a crusher, 6 is a magnetic separator, 7 is a wind magnet separator that sorts permanent magnets containing Nd, Fe, and B as main components. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of the crusher 4 and the wind magnet sorting device 7 of the metal lump cooling and crushing device 1c in the waste treatment device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
In the figure, 4 is a crusher, 6 is a magnetic separator for separating iron-based materials from the metal crushed by the crusher 4, 7 is a wind magnet separator, 19 is a magnet, and 20a is a crushed metal crusher. The stirring blade 20b is a magnet suction port for generating a suction airflow.

Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the processing of the metal lump cooling and crushing apparatus 1c in the waste processing apparatus according to the third embodiment will be described.

The metal blocks such as the compressor and the motor removed by the metal block separating means 26 are sent to the metal block freezing and crushing apparatus 1c as shown by an arrow 121. Metal lump freezing and crushing equipment 1
The processing of the hydrogen atmosphere forming device 2 and the cooling device 3 in c is the same as in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.

The crusher 4 crushes the metal lump treated by the hydrogen atmosphere forming device 2 and the cooling device 3. Cooling device 3
Can be crushed by a relatively small impact due to the low-temperature brittleness of the metal.

The magnetic sorting device 6 utilizes the attraction of the iron-based material to the magnet, and has a structure provided with the magnet 19, and rotates the magnet 19 to rotate the magnet 19 and remove the iron-based material and the iron-based material (arrow 124). (Sent to the light weight sorting device 58 as shown)
And separate.

The wind magnet sorting device 7 has a structure including a stirring blade 20a for stirring the crushed metal mass and a magnet suction port 20b for generating a suction airflow. The metal lump that has been separated is stirred by the stirring blades 20a, and is treated with the hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus 2 to cause hydrogen storage collapse and powdery Nd, F.
e, a permanent magnet mainly composed of B is attracted by the magnet attracting port 20b. Nd, Fe, separated by the wind magnet sorter 7
The permanent magnet containing B as a main component is collected as indicated by an arrow 123, and the other than the permanent magnet is sent to the light-weight sorting apparatus 58 as indicated by an arrow 122.

In the wind magnet sorter 7, the metal lump separated only into the iron-based material by the former magnetic sorter 6 undergoes hydrogen storage collapse by the treatment in the hydrogen atmosphere forming device 2 to form Nd in powder form. , Fe, and B as the main components are selected, so that Nd, which has less impurities,
A permanent magnet containing Fe and B as main components can be selected.

In the first and second embodiments, an example is shown in which a permanent magnet containing Nd, Fe, and B as a main component is selected by the sieve magnet sorting device 5, but in the third embodiment, a wind magnet sorting device 7 is used. Thus, a permanent magnet mainly containing Nd, Fe, and B is selected.

[0049]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.

A sealed structure having an inlet portion and an outlet portion for loading and unloading a metal lump, a hydrogen atmosphere forming device for loading the inside of the metal lump in a sealed state after loading the metal lump, and hydrogen in the hydrogen atmosphere forming device. A cooling device for low-temperature embrittlement of the metal lump left in the atmosphere, a crusher for crushing the metal lump carried out of the cooling device, and hydrogen absorption from the metal lump crushed by the crusher. A magnet sorting device that sorts out rare-earth, boron, and iron-based permanent magnets that have been spontaneously disintegrated and powdered, so that permanent magnets containing rare-earth, boron, and iron as main components were not considered in conventional waste systems. Resources of metal lump such as compressors and motors using magnets can be recovered.

Further, the hydrogen atmosphere forming device is provided with a hydrogen concentration sensor for detecting the hydrogen concentration, and the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen atmosphere forming device is adjusted, so that the hydrogen concentration can be easily managed. Safe equipment without explosion hazard can be realized.

Further, since the hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus is provided with a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the hydrogen gas and the pressure of the hydrogen gas can be controlled, the pressure of the hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus is adjusted in consideration of the tact time of the equipment. it can.

Further, since the metal lump freezing and crushing apparatus is provided with a magnetic separation apparatus for separating an iron-based material from the metal lumps crushed by the crusher,
It is possible to take out a permanent magnet containing rare earth, boron, and iron as main components, which has a small amount of impurities and is easy to regenerate.

Further, since the magnet sorting device is a sieve magnet sorting device having a sieve capable of separating rare earth, boron, and iron-based permanent magnets spontaneously disintegrated and powdered by hydrogen absorption, the rare earth, boron, and iron are separated. The permanent magnet as the main component can be easily separated.

Further, the magnet sorting apparatus is provided with a magnet suction port for generating a suction airflow, and is a wind magnet sorting apparatus for separating rare earth, boron, and iron-based permanent magnets that have been spontaneously collapsed and powdered by hydrogen absorption. Permanent magnets containing rare earth, boron and iron as main components can be easily separated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration flow of a waste disposal apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus 2 of the metal lump cooling and crushing apparatus in the waste processing apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a specific configuration example of a cooling device 3.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of a crusher 4 and a sieve magnet sorting device 5 of the metal lump cooling and crushing device in the waste treatment device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of a metal lump cooling and crushing apparatus in a waste disposal apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of a crusher 4, a magnetic sorting device 6, and a sieve magnet sorting device 5 of a metal lump cooling and crushing device in a waste treatment device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of a metal lump cooling and crushing apparatus in a waste disposal apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of a crusher 4 and a wind magnet sorting device 7 of a metal lump cooling and crushing device 1c in a waste treatment device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an entire configuration of a conventional waste disposal apparatus disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-147040.

[Explanation of symbols]

1a, 1b, 1c Metal lump freezing and crushing device, 2 Hydrogen atmosphere forming device, 3 Cooling device, 4 Crusher, 5N
a sieve magnet sorter for sorting permanent magnets containing d, Fe, and B as main components; 6 a magnetic sorter for sorting iron-based materials from metal crushed by the crusher 4; 7 Nd, Fe,
A wind magnet sorting device for sorting permanent magnets containing B as a main component, 10 shutters at the entrance, 11 shutters at the exit, 12 filling nozzles, 13 discharge nozzles, 14
Conveyor, 15 Hydrogen concentration sensor, 16 Pressure sensor, 17 Sieve, 18 Permanent magnet storage tank, 19
Magnet, 20a stirring blade, 20b magnet suction port,
21 A stock yard where wastes are roughly classified and stored.
A supply device for supplying waste to 3, 23 pretreatment devices,
24 Refrigerant recovery means, 25 Large glass removal means, 26 Metal lump separation means, 27 Crusher, 2
8 Lightweight sorting device, 29 Metal sorting device, 30
Magnetic separator, 31 eddy current separator, 32 plastic separator, 33 cooling device, 34 crusher, 35
Sieve sorter, 36 freezing and crushing device for crushing metal lump, 37 cooling device, 38 crusher, 39 blowing agent recovery device, 40 crusher, 41 separation device, 4
2 Blowing agent cooling device.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) B07B 1/18 B07B 7/06 7/06 9/00 A 9/00 B09B 3/00 ZABZ B09B 5/00 5/00 CF term (reference) 4D004 AA22 BA05 BA10 CA02 CA05 CA08 CA09 CB13 CC01 DA01 DA07 DA10 4D021 AA03 AA13 AB02 CA01 DA13 EA10 EB01 FA18 FA30 GA06 GA08 GB01 GB03 HA01 HA10 4D067 CG04 DD02 DD08 DD09 DD10 EE25 EE20

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A sealed structure having an inlet and an outlet for loading and unloading a metal lump, and after loading the metal lump,
A hydrogen atmosphere forming device that fills the inside with hydrogen as a sealed state, a cooling device that lowers the temperature of the metal lump left in the hydrogen atmosphere in the hydrogen atmosphere forming device, and a metal lump carried out of the cooling device. And a magnet sorting device for sorting rare-earth, boron, and iron-based permanent magnets that have been spontaneously collapsed and powdered by hydrogen absorption from the metal lump crushed by the crusher. Characteristic waste treatment equipment. 2. The waste according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen atmosphere forming device is provided with a hydrogen concentration sensor for detecting a hydrogen concentration, and adjusts the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen atmosphere forming device. Processing equipment. 3. The waste disposal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the hydrogen atmosphere forming apparatus is provided with a pressure sensor for detecting a pressure of the hydrogen gas, so that the pressure of the hydrogen gas can be controlled. 4. The apparatus for freezing and crushing a metal lump according to claim 1, further comprising a magnetic separator for separating an iron-based material from the metal lump crushed by the crusher. A waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1. 5. The magnet sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the magnet sorting apparatus is a sieve magnet sorting apparatus having a sieve capable of separating rare earth, boron, and iron-based permanent magnets spontaneously disintegrated and powdered by hydrogen absorption. A waste disposal device according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 6. The magnet sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the magnet sorting apparatus is provided with a magnet suction port for generating a suction airflow, and is a wind magnet sorting apparatus for separating rare earth, boron, and iron-based permanent magnets that have been spontaneously collapsed and powdered by hydrogen absorption. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
A waste disposal apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4.