JP3216294B2 - Waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste recovery apparatus, and more particularly to a waste processing apparatus suitable for crushing waste home appliances and recovering valuable resources.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, large wastes are often buried or crushed or incinerated. The method of landfill as it is has a problem of landfill shortage, and incineration also has a problem of global warming due to generation of carbon dioxide gas. Furthermore, since the waste contains a large amount of vinyl chloride plastic, chlorine gas and chlorine compound harmful gas are generated by this combustion, and these gases may damage the incinerator and damage the incinerator. Since there are problems such as a remarkable shortening of the service life and destruction of the environment due to release into the atmosphere, measures to prevent release into the atmosphere are required.

For example, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-156754, the recovery of metal from scraps or the like containing a large amount of metal is partially performed, but the remaining waste metal is removed. No recovery treatment has been carried out, including for plastics. Since this waste is subsequently buried or incinerated, it has the same problems as described above.

[0004] As a method for separating wastes, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 50-108765 and 50-81967 are disclosed.
However, these methods are mainly based on metal separation, and plastics are taken out together with other objects such as paper. Not.

[0005] As a simple separation of plastics, JP-A-52-151371 and JP-A-58-205552 have been disclosed.
There is a specific gravity selection device using a specific gravity difference as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. H10-260, 1988. The materials described in JP-A-52-151371 and JP-A-58-205552 are effective for materials having different specific gravities, but the same is true even if the materials are different like plastic. Some of them have specific gravity, and others cannot be separated by specific gravity alone.

[0006] As another separation method, there is a method in which plastic is melted by heat or the like and separated by a difference in melting temperature. This method is considered to be capable of processing foamed moldings made of thermoplastics. However, if the plastic to be treated contains a vinyl chloride-based plastic, harmful gas may be generated from the plastic at the time of melting, and there is a problem of damage to the device and environmental destruction when released into the atmosphere.

[0007]

As described above, the method of crushing and burning large-sized wastes to reduce the volume and burying the wastes causes a problem of the greenhouse effect of the earth due to the generation of carbon dioxide gas generated by the burning. Combustion of vinyl chloride plastic has problems such as severe damage to incinerators. In addition, in the method of landfilling the remaining waste from which metals have been recovered in the disposal of general large-sized wastes disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-156754, a large amount of plastic waste etc. still remains, and the volume is reduced. Is not enough to solve the shortage of landfill.

Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 52-151371,
As described above, the material disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-205552 cannot be sufficiently separated if there is a material having the same specific gravity even if the material is different, such as plastic.

According to the method of melting and separating according to the difference in melting temperature, as described above, when plastics to be treated like general wastes include vinyl chloride plastics, harmful gases are removed from the plastics during melting. It is thought that the generation of water is caused, and there is a problem of damage to the equipment and environmental destruction when the substance is released into the atmosphere. Furthermore, foamed moldings made of thermosetting plastics cannot be applied because they do not melt when heated.

[0010] The present invention eliminates these problems, separates vinyl chloride-based plastic waste that is difficult to reuse from plastic waste that is disposed of in large quantities, and recovers plastic suitable for reuse. An object of the present invention is to provide a waste treatment system that can effectively utilize a small amount of resources and that is more suited to the global environment.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, a waste treatment apparatus of the present invention is a waste treatment apparatus for crushing waste and separating and collecting metals and the like. A classifier, a cooling device, a crusher, and a second classifier for selectively crushing the plastic by utilizing the brittleness property of the plastic at a low temperature are provided in order, and further a first classifier and a second classifier are provided. The apparatus is provided with a plastic sorting device comprising a specific gravity sorting device for further sorting the smaller waste that has been classified.

In the above-mentioned first classifier, waste is classified into three types, large, medium and small, and large waste is supplied to a cooling device.
It is effective to supply the medium-sized waste to the specific gravity separation device together with the small crushed material classified by the second classification device.

[0013]

The operation of the waste treatment apparatus having the above-described configuration will be described by taking waste household electric appliances as an example. The waste from which metals and the like have been removed by the metal separation device is separated into large and small by the size by the first classification device. The larger crushed material is sent to a plastic cryogenic crusher comprising a cooling device, a crusher, and a second classifier for selectively crushing the plastic utilizing the low temperature embrittlement property of the plastic.

[0014] The contents of the waste that has passed through the metal separation apparatus are mainly plastics. In the plastic low-temperature crushing apparatus, first, the cooling apparatus cools the waste to a low temperature of about 0 to -60 ° C.
Shock crushing is performed by a crusher in which impact force mainly works. Here, plastic waste is selectively crushed by using the difference in embrittlement point due to the difference in plastic material.Because vinyl chloride plastic has a high embrittlement point, it is finer than other types. Crushed.

Therefore, the waste crushed by the low-temperature crusher is sieved and passed through a second classifier such as a sorter, so that fine waste mainly composed of vinyl chloride-based plastic and very small It can be separated into relatively large wastes made of less plastic.

On the other hand, the smaller waste separated by the first classification device is combined with the finely crushed vinyl chloride-based plastic-rich waste separated by the second classification device of the plastic cryogenic crusher together with the specific gravity. It is sent to the sorting device.

In the specific gravity sorting apparatus, the vinyl chloride plastic is further separated and removed by utilizing the large specific gravity of the vinyl chloride plastic, and the plastic containing less vinyl chloride is recovered.

In the case where the first classification device separates the waste into two types, large and small, dust such as mud, sand, and crushed glass powder attached to the waste is separated together with the vinyl chloride plastic. It is conceivable that these dusts contaminate the liquid medium of the specific gravity separation device and lower the performance of the specific gravity separation device. Therefore, since the dust such as mud, sand, and crushed glass powder is small, the waste classified into the smallest place by setting the classification in the first classification device into three types, large, medium, and small, becomes mostly dust.

On the other hand, the largely separated waste is sent to a plastic cryogenic crusher, and the separated waste is a waste containing a large amount of vinyl chloride-based plastic crushed and separated by the plastic cryogenic crusher. The material is sent to a specific gravity sorting device for sorting, and plastic containing less vinyl chloride is collected.

As described above, in addition to recovering metals, plastics are separated and plastics suitable for reuse are recovered as resources, so that the amount of waste to be landfilled can be greatly reduced. It becomes possible.

[0021]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an entire configuration of a waste disposal apparatus according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 1, 1 is a stock yard for storing waste, 2 is a supply device for supplying waste from the stock yard 1 to a crushing device 3, and the crushing device 3 is composed of a single-stage or multi-stage crusher. Reference numeral 4 denotes a metal separation device, which comprises a magnetic separator 5 for separating ferrous metals by magnetic force, an eddy current separator, and a non-ferrous metal separation device 6 for separating non-ferrous metals by specific gravity or the like. The equipment consists of a first classifier 8, a plastic cryogenic crusher 9, and a specific gravity separator 1.
3 In addition, the plastic cryogenic crusher 9
Comprises a cooling device 10, a crusher 11, and a second classifier 12.

The waste home appliances collected by the collection vehicle are stored in the stock yard 1 such as a refrigerator, an air conditioner, a television, a washing machine, and the like. The waste home appliances stored in the stockyard 1 are sent from the stockyard 1 to the crushing device 3 by the supply device 2 as shown by arrows 101 and 102. In the crushing device 3, a single or multi-stage crushing machine generally has a size of 50 to 100.
It is crushed to a size of about mm and released for each material. In particular, when various materials are compounded by bonding or the like as in a refrigerator, multi-stage crushing is advantageous. The waste crushed by the crushing device 3 and advantageous for each material is sent to the metal separation device 4 as shown by an arrow 103, and the magnetic metal separator 5 of the metal separation device 4 sorts the iron-based metal by magnetic force. As shown at 105, it is recovered as an iron-based metal. Further, in the non-ferrous metal separation device 6, non-ferrous metals such as copper and aluminum are sorted out by eddy current force or specific gravity and the like, and are collected as non-ferrous metals as shown by an arrow 107.

As a result, the contents of the remaining waste are mainly made of plastic and sent to the plastic sorting device 7 (arrow 106). The plastic sorting device 7 includes a first classifying device 8, a plastic low-temperature crushing device 9, and a specific gravity sorting device 1.
3 is comprised. Here, first, the first classification device 8 divides the toner into two types, large and small. The first classifying device 8 is a device for the purpose of selectively crushing and sorting plastic wastes by utilizing the difference in brittleness of the plastic low-temperature crushing device 9 due to the difference in plastic material.
Passing the already small crushed plastic through this apparatus increases the size of the plastic low-temperature crushing apparatus 9 and is therefore intended to prevent this adverse effect.

The larger waste separated by the first classification device 8 is sent to the plastic cryogenic crushing device 9 as shown by an arrow 108. This plastic cryogenic crusher 9 comprises a cooling device 10, a crusher 11, and a second classifier 12,
First, after cooling to a low temperature of about 0 to −60 ° C. with the cooling device 10,
Crushing is performed by the crusher 11 with impact. This crusher 11 selectively crushes plastic wastes by utilizing the difference in brittleness due to the difference in the material of plastics. Vinyl chloride plastics have a high brittleness and are therefore different from others. Crushed more finely in comparison.

Therefore, by passing the waste crushed by the crusher 11 through the second classification device 12, the waste is mostly composed of vinyl chloride-based plastic and the plastic containing very little vinyl chloride-based plastic. Since it can be separated into relatively large wastes, the vinyl chloride plastic is separated as indicated by arrow 113 and the rest is separately recovered as easily reusable plastic as indicated by arrow 112.

However, the waste indicated by the arrow 113 includes a plastic other than the vinyl chloride type that is easily reusable, and the smaller one indicated by the arrow 109 separated by the first classification device 8. Since the waste contains plastics that can be easily reused, the specific gravity sorting device 13 is provided to increase the amount of plastics that can be collected and reused. Since the specific gravity of the vinyl chloride plastic is relatively large at about 1.3, the one sedimented by the specific gravity separator 13 is the vinyl chloride plastic,
The material collected and floated as indicated by 15 is separated and collected as reusable plastic as indicated by arrow 114, and the rate of separated and collected reusable plastic can be improved.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, in the case of waste containing a large amount of foaming material, such as a refrigerator, the foaming material may lower the performance of metal separation and plastic separation. This is improved in the embodiment shown in FIG.

The second embodiment is an example in which a light-weight sorting device 14 is provided after the crushing device 3. By utilizing the property that the foam molding material is much lighter than other wastes in the light-weight material sorting device 14, the foam molding material is blown off by blowing air to the waste that has exited the crushing device 3, and the foam molding is performed. A wind separator for separating materials can be used.

As another structure, an inclined vibration conveyor is used, a structure in which a light foam molding material is taken out from an upper part and heavy other wastes are taken out from a lower part, or a separation machine using a wind separator and a vibration conveyor in combination. Machine can be used.
Therefore, the waste crushed to an appropriate size by the crusher 3 and released for each material is sent to the light-weight sorting device 14 as shown by the arrow 103.

The lightweight material separating apparatus 14 separates the foamed material from the waste indicated by the arrow 103,
Is sent to the foam processing apparatus 15 as shown in FIG. This foam is treated separately here.

On the other hand, the waste 116 from which the foaming material has been removed by the light-weight material separating device 13 is sent to the metal separating device 4 and thereafter processed in the same manner as in the embodiment of FIG. According to the present embodiment, metal separation and plastic separation become better.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In the above-described two embodiments, the first classifying device 8 separates two types of large and small, so that mud adhered when leaving the waste home appliances,
Dust such as dust, sand, and crushed glass powder enter the specific gravity separator 13 together with the plastic and are separated together with the vinyl chloride plastic. It is conceivable that the performance of the soiling specific gravity separation device 8 is degraded, and the specific gravity liquid purifying device (not shown) also becomes large, so that the burden of equipment cost also becomes large.

Therefore, since the dust such as mud, dust, sand and crushed glass powder is small, the above-mentioned drawback is prevented by classifying the first classifier into three types, large, medium and small. This is an example.

That is, in this embodiment, the waste 106 sent to the first classification device 8 is large, medium,
Classify into three small types. Dust such as mud, dust, sand, and crushed glass powder are separated into the smallest places (arrow 118). Further, the waste 108 classified into the largest place is sent to the plastic low-temperature crusher 9, and cooled, crushed by the cooling device 10, the crusher 11, and the second classifier 12.
It is separated into a plastic waste 113 mainly composed of vinyl chloride and a plastic waste 112 containing almost no vinyl chloride.

On the other hand, the waste 109 that has been classified into a medium level in the first classifier 8 is combined with the plastic waste 113 mainly composed of vinyl chloride, which is separated in the second classifier 12 of the plastic cryogenic crusher 9. Then, it is sent to the specific gravity sorting device 13 where the vinyl chloride plastic is separated again. By doing so, the mixing of dust into the specific gravity sorting device 13 is greatly reduced, the performance of the specific gravity sorting device 13 can be maintained, and the specific gravity liquid purification device (not shown) can be reduced to a minimum. it can.

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention. This fourth embodiment is different from the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 in that the plastic which has become fine powder is removed from the plastic waste 113 sent from the low-temperature plastic crusher 9 to the specific gravity separator 13. That is, when the finely pulverized plastic waste 119 enters the specific gravity separator 13 and disperses in a colloidal form in the specific gravity liquid, the apparent specific gravity of the specific gravity liquid changes and the specific gravity separator 13
Performance will be reduced. In addition, the finely pulverized plastic waste 119 adheres to the surface of the plastic and cannot be sufficiently separated by the first classifier 8,
Dust, dust, and the like are also included, and the mud, dust, and the like also lower the performance of the specific gravity sorting device 13 as in the case of finely pulverized plastic. In the present embodiment, this is prevented.

The classification by the second classifier 12 is performed in multiple stages.
Are separated as shown in FIG. As this method, it is also possible to provide a classification device separately.

By doing so, the plastic can be separated with high accuracy, and the maintenance of the specific gravity sorting device 13 is also facilitated.

An example in which the present invention is applied to an integrated waste treatment plant will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 5 is an outline of the pre-processing device. As shown in this figure, a waste article, in this example, a refrigerator 18 is lowered from a collection vehicle 16 loaded with waste and transported to a refrigerant sampling / recovery unit 17, where chlorofluorocarbon as a refrigerant is used.
Remove Bon (CFC) 12 (R-12). The extracted and recovered R-12 is an oil separator 19 and a filter 20.
Through the compressor 21 and the refrigerant is compressed and enters the condenser 22 where the heat is exchanged.
3 collects in the collection container 24. The collection container 24 is mounted on an evaluator 25, and the amount of R-12 inside is displayed on the collection fee display 26 by weight. The refrigerator from which the refrigerant has been removed is moved to the crusher shown in FIG.

At the stage shown in FIG. 6, the large waste is crushed.
That is, in this embodiment, the motor compressor is extracted from the refrigerator 18, reaches the compressor block / motor block 27, reduces the number of cavities and facilitates cooling in the compressor 65, and then falls onto the pre-cooling conveyor 28. I do. The freezing and crushing device 66 following the pre-cooling conveyor 28 (freezing and crushing is, for example, minus one hundred and several tens of degrees Celsius) may be performed by liquid cooling (liquid cooling) or air cooling (air cooling).
The compression in 5 will reduce the amount of refrigerant (liquid nitrogen) for liquid cooling, and will improve heat conduction and speed up cooling for air cooling. Air cooling is performed, for example, by spraying liquid nitrogen. In this example, liquid cooling is shown, and the compressed material is put into a liquid nitrogen immersion device 29 from a pre-cooling conveyor 28.

On the other hand, the refrigerator from which the motor / compressor has been removed is set in a primary crusher 31, where it is subjected to shear crushing, and sized to a certain size (for example, about 100 to 200 mm square).

The crushed material that has passed through the primary crusher 31 and the crushed material that has passed through the freeze crushing device 66 reach the secondary crusher 30, and the crushed material that has passed through the freeze crushing device 66 separates the bonded portion of the composite material. Is broken by an impact, so that the crushing energy is reduced to facilitate separation of the electric wire and the core of the motor, and the crushed material that has passed through the primary crusher 31 can be separated even at room temperature. In this example, the primary crusher 31 and the secondary crusher 30 are set. The crushed material is extracted from below the secondary crusher 30 and passed through a vibrating sieve 32 to be 1 to 5 mm.
The following dust (glass, plastic, wood, etc.) is dropped, and the others are subjected to the wind separation shown in FIG.

A pipe is opened slightly above the secondary crusher 30 to guide the gas to the bag filter 41 shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 shows an apparatus for recovering chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) 11 (R-11) as a foaming agent from polyurethane.

The crushed material carried from the apparatus shown in FIG. 6 releases foamed polyurethane from the adherend such as metal or plastic in the wind separator 33. The metal or plastic from which the polyurethane foam has been released reaches the sorting machine shown in FIG.
The gas generated by the wind separator 33 enters the bag filter 41 together with the waste gas shown in FIG.
Even if harmful substances such as bon are contained, they are absorbed and collected here so that they do not go out to the environment and are released to the atmosphere.

On the other hand, the foamed polyurethane separated in the wind separator 33 reaches the polyurethane supply hopper 35 via the polyurethane hopper 34, is crushed by the polyurethane crusher 36, and is collected as waste polyurethane 37. In the crushing in the polyurethane crusher 36, the blowing agent R-11 is removed from the polyurethane. R
At -11, a compressor 40, a cooler 39, a liquefaction refrigerator 38, and a gas-liquid separator 37 are circulated as shown in the figure, and in this process, concentration is performed.

The metals and plastics separated in FIG. 7 are first passed through a primary magnetic separator 41 in the separator shown in FIG. 8, and the iron is sieved to recover iron 49. Next, primary magnetic separator 4
After passing through 1, the iron is finely sieved in the secondary magnetic separator 42 and collected as iron 50. After passing through the secondary magnetic separator 42, it enters the primary non-ferrous separator 43, and the plastic is passed to the specific gravity separator 13 of the present invention as shown in FIG.

Residues obtained by sorting plastics are mainly aluminum and copper. These are sent to a secondary non-ferrous sorter 44 and collected as non-ferrous metals 51. Further, it is also possible to separate copper and aluminum. For example, there is a method in which a fine powder is made into a colloid to make a specific gravity liquid, and copper and aluminum are put into the liquid to carry out specific gravity selection (copper is submerged and aluminum is floated).

The plastic sent from the apparatus shown in FIG. 8 to the apparatus shown in FIG. 9 reaches the supply vibrating sieve 52 (corresponding to the first classifier 8).
(Corresponding to the cooling device 10), and those having a size of 30 mm square or less are supplied to the specific gravity sorting device 13. The plastic cooling tank 54 is connected to the liquid nitrogen storage tank 53 by a pipe, and then frozen and crushed by a plastic crusher 55, and the crushed material is passed through a sieve classifier 56 (second classifier). The nitrogen used for the processing is returned from the sieve classifier 56 to the liquid nitrogen storage tank 53.

[0051] In the previous stage sieve classifier 56 plastic 58 PVC (polyvinyl chloride) system is recovered. Bath sieve classifier 56 of 30mm angle following materials separated by said supply vibrating screen 52 and debris leaving the previous stage together gravity sorter 13 6
It is charged into one plastic charging device 57.

The plastic charging device 57 has a stirrer 59. Thereby, the input material is once stirred and mixed in water, and is sent to the bubble removing device 60 in a mixed state.

The bubble removing device 60 removes the bubbles adhering to the charged material by stirring the charged material again in water, and enters the adjacent room while mixing through the passage narrowed by the member 67. Light things (polyethylene, polypropylene) 62 float, heavy things such as PVC 64 which easily settle out are separated from the front, and ABS resin and PS (polystyrene) 63 which are relatively hard to settle are separated from the back.

[0054]

By configuring the waste disposal apparatus of the present invention as described above, most of the large waste can be collected and reused, and the effective use of earth resources can be achieved. Also, there is very little to discard,
It also leads to the conventional measures for landfill shortage.

Further, in the present system, the incineration treatment is almost eliminated, which greatly contributes to prevention of global warming caused by carbon dioxide gas generated by the incineration. In addition, this system collects plastics that were not considered in the conventional waste system, and the limited use of petroleum resources becomes possible by reusing plastics effectively.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a waste disposal apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a waste disposal apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a waste disposal apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a waste disposal apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an apparatus configuration diagram of a pretreatment block of a waste treatment plant.

FIG. 6 is an apparatus configuration diagram of a two-stage crushing block of a waste treatment plant.

FIG. 7 is an apparatus configuration diagram of a polyurethane processing block of a waste treatment plant.

FIG. 8 is an apparatus configuration diagram of a metal / non-metal sorting block of a waste treatment plant.

FIG. 9 is an apparatus configuration diagram of a plastic sorting block of a waste treatment plant.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Stockyard, 2 ... Feeding device, 3 ... Crushing device, 4
... Metal separator, 5 ... Magnetic separator, 6 ... Nonferrous metal separator, 7 ... Plastic separator, 8 ... First classifier, 9
... Plastic cryogenic crusher, 10 ... Cooler, 11 ...
Crusher, 12: second classifier, 13: specific gravity separator.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI B09B 5/00 ZABM (56) References JP-A-63-276509 (JP, A) JP-A-53-38172 (JP, A) JP-A-56-106824 (JP, A) JP-A-5-147040 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B09B 5/00 B29B 17/00-17/02 B02C 9/00-11/00 B07B 1/00-15/00

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A waste treatment apparatus for crushing waste to separate and collect metals and the like, wherein a first classification device is provided after the metal separation device to selectively sort the plastics by utilizing the low-temperature embrittlement characteristics of the plastics. A cooling device for crushing, a crusher, and a second classifier are provided in order, and the waste classified in the larger class by the first classifier is processed in the above order, and the smaller waste classified by the second classifier is disposed. A waste treatment device comprising a plastic sorting device that passes a specific gravity separation device that separates an object with a waste material classified into smaller ones by a first classification device with a specific gravity difference. 2. The first classifier classifies waste into three types, large, medium and small, a large waste into a cooling device, and a medium size waste into a small crusher classified by a second classifier. The waste disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the waste is supplied to a specific gravity sorting apparatus together with the waste. 3. The second classifier classifies waste into three types, large, medium, and small, collects large waste, and classifies medium-sized waste into medium-sized crushed material classified by the first classifier. 3. The waste disposal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the wastewater is supplied to a specific gravity sorting apparatus together with the wastewater separation apparatus.