CN101844939A - Edible fungi culture medium additive, preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Edible fungi culture medium additive, preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101844939A CN101844939A CN200910129165A CN200910129165A CN101844939A CN 101844939 A CN101844939 A CN 101844939A CN 200910129165 A CN200910129165 A CN 200910129165A CN 200910129165 A CN200910129165 A CN 200910129165A CN 101844939 A CN101844939 A CN 101844939A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an edible fungi culture medium additive, preparation and an application thereof. The edible fungi culture medium additive is prepared by raw materials rich in organic selenium, wherein, selenium content is 2.0-10.0mcg/g, and the raw materials rich in organic selenium comprise a corncob containing 0.2-30.0mcg/g organic selenium and a maize straw containing 0.5-50mcg/g organic selenium. The invention further provides a method for preparing the edible fungi culture medium additive: pulverizing the raw materials rich in organic selenium to obtain powder. The edible fungi cultured by the edible fungi culture medium additive of the invention has the advantages of stable content of the organic selenium, improved yield of the edible fungi by over 10%, low residual quantity of inorganic selenium and better safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of edible fungi culture medium additive and preparation thereof and application, be specifically related to a kind of edible fungi culture medium additive and preparation and application of being rich in organoselenium.
Background technology
The human edible macro fungi of edible mushrooms (edible fungi).The known edible mushrooms of China has kind more than 350, and common has: mushroom, mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae, white fungus, hedgehog hydnum and needle mushroom etc.Edible mushrooms is not only delicious, and it is nutritious, often be called heath food by people, the amino acid that not only contains various needed by human as mushroom, also have the cholesterol that reduces in the blood, treat hypertensive effect, also find to contain in mushroom, mushroom, needle mushroom, the hedgehog hydnum material that strengthens the human body anti-cancer ability in recent years.
In recent decades, people have been familiar with the growth rhythm of edible mushrooms gradually, have improved ancient dependence spore, the mode of production of mycelia natural propagation.The mycelia of artificial culture cultivation has been accelerated the reproduction speed of edible mushrooms and the possibility of acquisition high yield.Scientists prophesy, 21 century edible mushrooms will develop into one of human main protein food product.The ultimate production of China edible mushrooms in 2005 reaches 1,200 ten thousand tons, ranks first in the world, and mushroom industry has become an important industry in China's plant husbandry, as: national maximum Edible Fungi base is a Gutian County, and this county white fungus (Tremella) output accounts for 90% of the whole nation.The protein content of mushroom class is generally bright mushroom 1.5-6%, dried mushroom 15-35%, be higher than general vegetables, and its amino acid ratio of components is more comprehensive, and the mushroom class contains eight seed amino acids of needed by human mostly, and wherein lysine content is abundant in mushroom, straw mushroom, the needle mushroom.
Selenium, the symbol of element are Se, and it is the human body trace elements necessary, have the biological characteristics of anticancer, anti-oxidant (aging) and raising body immunity.There are 72% low selenium in county (city) or scarce selenium in China, and Heilungkiang, the Inner Mongol, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan etc. seriously lack the selenium area has Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease to take place, and certain cancers district occurred frequently (as the Jiangsu Qidong City) also belongs to low selenium district.The data that WHO announces shows that the whole world has more than 40 country to belong to low selenium or scarce selenium area.Rich selenium agricultural byproducts are human body supplement selenium element effective ways, and therefore, technique of enriched selenium is scientists study hot of research and development field.
The selenium-enriched edible mushroom production that exists of China at present is normally by adding the method for Sodium Selenite, should method is simple, and cost is lower, but the inorganic selenium residual quantity is big, and toxicity is bigger, absorbs relatively poor.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of edible fungi culture medium additive that is rich in organoselenium, use with the basic medium proportioning, can improve the edible mushrooms selenium content, nutrition is more balanced, abundanter.Hang down and defectives such as toxicity is big in order to solve the inorganic selenium specific absorption that exists in the existing selenium-enriched edible mushroom cultivation, the invention provides a kind of novel edible fungi culture medium additive.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The invention provides a kind of edible fungi culture medium additive, form with the feedstock production that is rich in organoselenium.
As optimization, the selenium content of above-mentioned edible fungi culture medium additive is 2.0-10.0 microgram/gram.
As optimization, the above-mentioned raw material that is rich in organoselenium is to contain the corn cob of 0.2-30.0 microgram/gram organoselenium and the maize straw of 0.5-50 microgram/gram organoselenium.
As optimization, maize straw and the corn cob of above-mentioned edible fungi culture medium additive to be rich in organoselenium, formulated with following weight proportion:
Maize straw: corn cob=1-3: 7-9.
As optimization, the above-mentioned culture medium additive average grain granularity that is rich in organoselenium is the 0.5-10.0 micron.
As optimization, the above-mentioned culture medium additive 30% above particulate granularity that is rich in organoselenium is a nano level.
The present invention also provides the method for the above-mentioned edible fungi culture medium additive of preparation: make pulvis after getting the described raw material pulverizing that is rich in organoselenium.
The present invention further provides the substratum that contains above-mentioned edible fungi culture medium additive, and the weight of above-mentioned selenium-enriched edible mushroom culture medium additive accounts for 1/5th to 1/20th of described substratum.
The technique effect that the present invention realized is as follows:
1. the rich selenium of edible mushrooms: the edible fungi culture medium additive that is rich in organoselenium provided by the present invention, organic selenium content is stable, and the edible mushrooms selenium content increase rate of turning out is different and variant according to consumption, generally can improve more than 1 times.
2. effect of increasing production: test shows that use the edible fungi culture medium additive that is rich in organoselenium provided by the invention, edible mushrooms output improves more than 10%.
3. the selenium source that adopts mainly contains the vegetalitas seleno-amino acids, and inorganic selenium is residual low, and is safer.
4. the nanotechnology of Cai Yonging has effectively improved the organoselenium specific absorption, realizes the more good utilisation of selenium source.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
With the selenium content is that the corn cob of 0.2-30 microgram/gram and the maize straw of 0.5-50 microgram/gram are raw material, through the processing of micronizing nanometer, is compounded to form the edible fungi culture medium additive that contains the nanometer organoselenium according to a certain percentage.In Edible Fungi, improve requirement and set usage quantity, be mixed in proportion with the basic medium additive and throw something and feed,, promptly cultivate successfully through 2-3 month according to the animal product selenium content.
Selenium content is what the maize straw of the corn cob of 0.2-30 microgram/gram and 0.5-50 microgram/gram can be by following method system: use 10 kilograms of the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agents (selenium content 3000 microgram/grams) that Suzhou selenium paddy Science and Technology Ltd. produces for every mu in the corn agricultural land soil, or use 200 kilograms of the activation selenium fertilizer products that the rare precious biotechnology development company that bestows favour produces, cultivate and obtain rich selenium natural corn core and maize straw.
Operational path is as follows:
(1) rich selenium stalk starting material are selected;
(2) micronizing makes the starting material nanometer;
(3) proportioning prepares culture medium additive;
(4) feed rich selenium effect and growth of animal the test (is example with the needle mushroom) dynamic monitoring.
The preparation method of additive provided by the present invention:
It is the corn cob of 0.2-30 microgram/gram and the maize straw of 0.5-50 microgram/gram that the present invention selects selenium content for use, selenium content is than in the common diet of China being height in these materials, as selenium content in the conventional corn core is 0.05-0.20 microgram/gram, and the maize rich in selenium core selenium content that present technique adopts is 0.2 microgram/more than the gram, the organoselenium based on seleno-amino acids that is wherein contained can be used as the high-quality selenium source that edible mushrooms absorbs.
Above-mentioned starting material adopt the nanotechnology deep processing, utilize the QYF-600 of close friend group fluidized bed air flow crusher (188 kilowatts of power) to press per hour 150-400 kilogram load, make average particle size at the 0.5-10.0 micron, simultaneously, reach nano-scale particle more than 30%.Process is by the laser particle analyzer Monitoring and Controlling.
Raw material powder after nanometer is handled is formed according to following portions by weight: corn cob: maize straw=7-9: 1-3.Gained organic selenium-rich culture medium additive selenium content should be at 2.0-10.0 microgram/gram.
The using method of product provided by the present invention:
Using method is according to edible fungus selenium content expectation raising degree from high to low, and according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the weight ratio of basic medium=1: 20 to 1: 5 is used, and product is cultivated and detected in 2-3 month, and selenium content improves more than 1 times than usual production.The cotton seed hulls culture medium of edible fungus material that basic medium selects for use Beipiao Bangbang Corncob Press Co., Ltd.'s supply corn cob culture medium of edible fungus material and Dongshan (sunshine) bio tech ltd to produce.
Embodiment selects the rich selenium starting material of two kinds among the present invention: maize straw and corn cob.Prepare according to following portions by weight:
Maize rich in selenium core: maize rich in selenium stalk=8: 2.
Select five selenium content levels, the 0.2 microgram/gram of culture medium additive of the present invention for use, 2.0 microgram/grams, 5.0 microgram/grams, 10.0 microgram/grams and 15.0 microgram/grams are provided with 5 embodiment.Embodiment 1-14 basic medium is selected Beipiao Bangbang Corncob Press Co., Ltd.'s supply corn cob culture medium of edible fungus material for use.Embodiment 1-15 selects for use needle mushroom to represent as edible mushrooms.
Embodiment 1:
One, test method
Production process comprises: press same culture environment in edible mushrooms factory, use the edible fungi culture medium additive that is rich in the nanometer organoselenium of aforementioned preparation, selenium content is 0.2 microgram/gram, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, if blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
Measurement result shows that rich selenium test edible mushrooms selenium content increase rate is not remarkable.
2. output
Rich selenium test site output and check plot do not have significant difference.
Embodiment 2:
One, test method
Production process comprises: press same culture environment in edible mushrooms factory, use the edible fungi culture medium additive that is rich in the nanometer organoselenium of aforementioned preparation, selenium content is 2.0 microgram/grams, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, if blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
The selenium-enriched edible mushroom selenium content exceeds about 5.0 times of common edible mushrooms.
2. output
Simultaneously, Se-enriched feedstuff has improved edible fungi growth speed.Average amplification reaches 10.3%.
Embodiment 3:
One, test method
Production process comprises: press same culture environment in edible mushrooms factory, use the edible fungi culture medium additive that is rich in the nanometer organoselenium of aforementioned preparation, selenium content is 5.0 microgram/grams, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, if blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
The selenium-enriched edible mushroom selenium content exceeds about 10.0 times of common edible mushrooms.
2. output
Simultaneously, Se-enriched feedstuff has improved edible fungi growth speed.Average amplification reaches 11.5%.
Embodiment 4:
One, test method
Production process comprises: press same culture environment in edible mushrooms factory, use the edible fungi culture medium additive that is rich in the nanometer organoselenium of aforementioned preparation, selenium content is 10.0 microgram/grams, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, if blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
The selenium-enriched edible mushroom selenium content exceeds about 15 times of common edible mushrooms.
2. output
Simultaneously, Se-enriched feedstuff has improved edible fungi growth speed.Average amplification reaches 12.0%.
Embodiment 5:
One, test method
Production process comprises: press same culture environment in edible mushrooms factory, use the edible fungi culture medium additive that is rich in the nanometer organoselenium of aforementioned preparation, selenium content is 15.0 microgram/grams, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, if blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
As daily edible, selenium content exceeds standard, and illustrates that selenium content is too high.
Therefore the culture medium additive selenium content is selected for use and is 2.0-10.0 microgram/gram between optimal zone.Select 5.0 micrograms/gram selenium content for use at this, prepare culture medium additive, react best proportioning interval according to different mass umber proportioning.
Maize rich in selenium core: maize rich in selenium stalk=6: 4; Maize rich in selenium core: maize rich in selenium stalk=7: 3; Maize rich in selenium core: maize rich in selenium stalk=8: 2 (preceding existing embodiment); Maize rich in selenium core: maize rich in selenium stalk=9: 1; Maize rich in selenium core: maize rich in selenium stalk=10: 0.5 of embodiment are set.
Embodiment 6:
One, test method
Production process comprises: press same culture environment in edible mushrooms factory, use the edible fungi culture medium additive that is rich in the nanometer organoselenium of aforementioned preparation, proportioning is the maize rich in selenium core: maize rich in selenium stalk=6: 4, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, if blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
Test confirms the mouthfeel variation.
Embodiment 7:
One, test method
Production process comprises: press same culture environment in edible mushrooms factory, use the edible fungi culture medium additive that is rich in the nanometer organoselenium of aforementioned preparation, proportioning is the maize rich in selenium core: maize rich in selenium stalk=7: 3, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, if blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
The selenium-enriched edible mushroom selenium content exceeds about 11 times of common edible mushrooms.
2. output
Simultaneously, Se-enriched feedstuff has improved edible fungi growth speed.Average amplification reaches 10.0%.
Embodiment 8:
One, test method
Production process comprises: press same culture environment in edible mushrooms factory, use the edible fungi culture medium additive that is rich in the nanometer organoselenium of aforementioned preparation, proportioning is the maize rich in selenium core: maize rich in selenium stalk=9: 1, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, if blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
The selenium-enriched edible mushroom selenium content exceeds about 9 times of common edible mushrooms.
2. output
Simultaneously, Se-enriched feedstuff has improved edible fungi growth speed.Average amplification reaches 12.0%.
Embodiment 9:
One, test method
Production process comprises: press same culture environment in edible mushrooms factory, use the edible fungi culture medium additive that is rich in the nanometer organoselenium of aforementioned preparation, proportioning is the maize rich in selenium core: maize rich in selenium stalk=10: 0, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, if blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
The selenium-enriched edible mushroom selenium content exceeds about 5 times of common edible mushrooms.
2. output
Simultaneously, Se-enriched feedstuff has improved edible fungi growth speed.Average amplification reaches 10.0%.
Shown the best proportioning of starting material interval by the foregoing description.Therefore, select for use two kinds of starting material to be used at this.
Maize rich in selenium: maize rich in selenium stalk=8: 2, selenium content are 5.0 microgram/grams, and a kind of micronizing of carrying out is a kind ofly carried out common pulverizing and carried out embodiment.
Embodiment 10:
One, test method
Production process comprises: press same culture environment in edible mushrooms factory, use the edible fungi culture medium additive that is rich in the nanometer organoselenium of aforementioned micronizing preparation, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, if blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
With embodiment 3.
Embodiment 11:
One, test method
Production process comprises: by same culture environment, use the edible fungi culture medium additive of the organoselenium of common pulverizing preparation in edible mushrooms factory, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, if blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
The selenium-enriched edible mushroom selenium content exceeds about 5 times of common edible mushrooms.
2. output
Simultaneously, Se-enriched feedstuff has improved edible fungi growth speed.Average amplification reaches 5%.
Show that by the foregoing description the effect of carrying out micronizing significantly is better than common pulverizing.The technical indicator of micronizing is that the nano-scale particle accounting heavily is more than 20%.According to embodiment 3 primary conditions, the maize rich in selenium core: maize rich in selenium stalk=8: 2, selenium content are 5.0 microgram/grams, and embodiment is set: nano-scale particle accounts for gross weight 10%, 20% and 30% respectively.
Embodiment 12:
One, test method
Production process comprises: by same culture environment, use aforementioned preparation process in edible mushrooms factory, making the nano-scale particle accounting heavily is 10%, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, establish blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
The selenium-enriched edible mushroom selenium content exceeds about 5 times of common edible mushrooms.
2. output
Simultaneously, Se-enriched feedstuff has improved edible fungi growth speed.Average amplification reaches 6%.
Embodiment 13:
One, test method
Production process comprises: by same culture environment, use aforementioned preparation process in edible mushrooms factory, making the nano-scale particle accounting heavily is 20%, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, establish blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
The selenium-enriched edible mushroom selenium content exceeds about 10.0 times of common edible mushrooms.
2. output
Simultaneously, Se-enriched feedstuff has improved edible fungi growth speed.Average amplification reaches 11.5%.
Embodiment 14:
One, test method
Production process comprises: by same culture environment, use aforementioned preparation process in edible mushrooms factory, making the nano-scale particle accounting heavily is 30%, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, establish blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
The selenium-enriched edible mushroom selenium content exceeds about 12 times of common edible mushrooms.
2. output
Simultaneously, Se-enriched feedstuff has improved edible fungi growth speed.Average amplification reaches 12.5%.But cost of manufacture increases about 50%.
The cotton seed hulls culture medium of edible fungus material that embodiment 15 selects for use Dongshan (sunshine) bio tech ltd to produce, the control basis substratum influences the result.The result shows, should the effect of richness seleno culture medium aspect rich selenium amplitude and effect of increasing production close.
Embodiment 15:
One, test method
Production process comprises: by same culture environment, use aforementioned preparation process in edible mushrooms factory, making the nano-scale particle accounting heavily is 20%, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, establish blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
The selenium-enriched edible mushroom selenium content exceeds about 9.5 times of common edible mushrooms.
2. output
Simultaneously, Se-enriched feedstuff has improved edible fungi growth speed.Average amplification reaches 10.5%.
Select other representatives of auricularia auriculajudae, mushroom and glossy ganoderma for use, repeat the foregoing description condition, the cotton seed hulls culture medium of edible fungus material of selecting for use Dongshan (sunshine) bio tech ltd to produce as edible mushrooms.
Embodiment 16:
One, test method
Production process comprises: by same culture environment, use aforementioned preparation process in auricularia auriculajudae production plant, making the nano-scale particle accounting heavily is 20%, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, establish blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
Rich selenium auricularia auriculajudae selenium content exceeds about 8 times of common auricularia auriculajudae.
2. output
Simultaneously, Se-enriched feedstuff has improved edible fungi growth speed.Average amplification reaches 8.5%.
Embodiment 17:
One, test method
Production process comprises: by same culture environment, use aforementioned preparation process in mushroom production plant, making the nano-scale particle accounting heavily is 20%, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, establish blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
The Se-rich xianggu selenium content exceeds about 9 times of common mushroom.
2. output
Simultaneously, Se-enriched feedstuff has improved edible fungi growth speed.Average amplification reaches 10%.
Embodiment 18:
One, test method
Production process comprises: by same culture environment, use aforementioned preparation process in the glossy ganoderma cultivation base, making the nano-scale particle accounting heavily is 20%, according to rich seleno culture medium additive: the ratio of basestocks=1: 10, establish blank, with same control measures, cultivated detection through 2 months.
Two, test-results
1. selenium content
The Se-rich lucid ganoderma selenium content exceeds about 6 times of common glossy ganoderma.
2. output
Simultaneously, Se-enriched feedstuff has improved edible fungi growth speed.Average amplification reaches 8%.
As can be seen, at the edible mushrooms of main difference, this richness seleno culture medium additive all has good effect aspect edible mushrooms selenium rich ability and the output making.
After the preferred embodiments that describes in detail, relevant industries technology personage can have good operability, therefore, can carry out variations and modifications not breaking away under the above-mentioned claim condition, all foundations technical spirit of the present invention all belongs to the scope of technical solution of the present invention to any simple modification of above embodiment, equivalent variations and modification.And the embodiment that the present invention also is not subject in the specification sheets to be given an actual example.
Claims (9)
1. edible fungi culture medium additive is characterized in that, described edible fungi culture medium additive forms with the feedstock production that is rich in organoselenium.
2. according to the described edible fungi culture medium additive of claim 1, it is characterized in that the selenium content of described edible fungi culture medium additive is 2.0-10.0 microgram/gram.
3. according to the described edible fungi culture medium additive of claim 1, it is characterized in that the described raw material that is rich in organoselenium is to contain the corn cob of 0.2-30.0 microgram/gram organoselenium and the maize straw of 0.5-50 microgram/gram organoselenium.
4. according to the described edible fungi culture medium additive of claim 3, it is characterized in that, maize straw and the corn cob of described edible fungi culture medium additive to be rich in organoselenium, formulated with following weight proportion:
Maize straw: corn cob=1-3: 7-9.
5. according to the described edible fungi culture medium additive of claim 1, it is characterized in that the described culture medium additive average grain granularity that is rich in organoselenium is the 0.5-10.0 micron.
6. according to the described edible fungi culture medium additive of claim 5, it is characterized in that the described culture medium additive 30% above particulate granularity that is rich in organoselenium is a nano level.
7. the method for preparing any described edible fungi culture medium additive of claim 1-6: make pulvis after getting the described raw material pulverizing that is rich in organoselenium.
8. a substratum is characterized in that, contains any described selenium-enriched edible mushroom culture medium additive of claim 1-6.
9. described according to Claim 8 substratum is characterized in that the weight of any described selenium-enriched edible mushroom culture medium additive of claim 1-6 accounts for 1/5th to 1/20th of described substratum.
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