CN101842995B - 用于配置分布式天线通信系统的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于配置分布式天线通信系统的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101842995B
CN101842995B CN2007801012930A CN200780101293A CN101842995B CN 101842995 B CN101842995 B CN 101842995B CN 2007801012930 A CN2007801012930 A CN 2007801012930A CN 200780101293 A CN200780101293 A CN 200780101293A CN 101842995 B CN101842995 B CN 101842995B
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antenna system
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distributing antenna
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CN101842995A (zh
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S·谢纳特
P·瓦尔特尔
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Commscope Connectivity LLC
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LGC Wireless LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/022—Site diversity; Macro-diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
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    • H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components

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Abstract

本发明提供一种分布式天线系统，包括多个天线和多端口集线器。多端口集线器包括对电信网络的接口以及多个收发机。多端口集线器配置为在第一模式(“正常模式”)下操作，其中所述多端口集线器经过所述接口接收下行通信信号和利用所选择的位于下行频率范围内的下行发射频率分配所述下行通信信号到所述多个天线，以及其中所述多端口集线器在所选择的上行接收频率从所述多个天线接收上行通信信号。多端口集线器还配置为在第二模式(“监听模式”)下操作，其中所述多端口集线器在下行频率范围内的一个或更多个频率从所述多个天线接收通信信号。用于第一模式(“正常模式”)的发射频率可以基于第二模式(“监听模式”)下接收的信号的测量的场强来选择。

Description

用于配置分布式天线通信系统的系统和方法
发明领域
本发明涉及无线通信领域，更具体地，涉及一种用于无线通信的分布式天线系统。
发明背景
常规的无线蜂窝电信网络包括多个交叠覆盖区域或“小区”。移动单元(例如蜂窝电话)从小区到小区运动，同时，通过网络通信。当移动单元从一个单元运动到另一单元时发生小区之间的切换。
每个小区由基站收发台(BTS或“基站”)形成。典型的基站包括用于向小区内的移动单元发送无线电信号(下行链路)和用于接收来自小区内的移动单元的无线电信号(上行链路)的多个收发机和天线。基站被策略性地设置成在大的地理区域上通信覆盖范围最大化。基站经过回程连接被通信地耦合到蜂窝电信网络。
蜂窝电信网络还可以包括基站控制器(BSC)和移动交换集线器(MSC)。多个基站可以被单个BSC控制。BSC通常用作信号集中器，分配无线电信道到移动单元以及控制从基站到基站的切换。BSC进而耦合到MSC。MSC通常用作电话交换机以提供电路交换功能。MSC耦合到公共交换通信网络(PSTN)以进行语音通信，以及还可以被耦合到因特网以进行数据通信。
为了防止每个小区中上行链路和下行链路信令的干扰，在每个单元中针对上行链路和下行链路使用不同的通信频率。另外，为了防止相邻小区之间的干扰，每个小区内使用的通信频率与相邻小区的不同。
由于需要防止相邻小区之间的干扰以及其他因素，这些蜂窝网络的安装和建立以及将新设备集成到已有蜂窝网络可能是复杂和耗时的。
此外，由于室内穿透损耗，这些蜂窝通信网络可能经受困难。例如，如果移动单元位于室内，8dB到30dB的额外的室内穿透损耗是常见的。能够使用分布式天线系统(DAS)以提供无线通信的室内覆盖。在这种DAS中，发射功率在处于分布位置的多个天线之间划分，以利用比单个天线系统可能要求的更小的发射功率提供大的覆盖区域。
如同其他设备，分布式天线系统到已有的蜂窝网络的集成可能是复杂和耗时的。因此，存在对配置分布式天线系统的改善的系统和方法的需求。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于配置分布式天线系统的系统和方法。根据本发明的实施方式，分布式天线系统包括多个天线和多端口集线器(hub)。多端口集线器包括对电信网络的接口以及多个收发机。多端口集线器配置为在第一模式(“正常模式”)下操作，其中所述多端口集线器经过所述接口接收下行通信信号和利用所选择的位于下行频率范围内的下行发射频率分配所述下行通信信号到所述多个天线，以及其中所述多端口集线器在所选择的上行接收频率从所述多个天线接收上行通信信号。多端口集线器还配置为在第二模式(“监听模式”)下操作，其中所述多端口集线器在下行频率范围内的一个或更多个频率从所述多个天线接收通信信号。用于第一模式(“正常模式”)的发射频率可以基于第二模式(“监听模式”)下接收的信号的所测量的场强来选择。
附图简述
本发明根据其具体示例实施方式以及参照附图进行描述，其中：
图1例示根据本发明的实施方式的配置成与移动单元通信的分布式天线通信系统；
图2例示其中可以部署根据本发明的实施方式的、图1的分布式天线系统的蜂窝通信网络的蜂窝覆盖区域；
图3例示根据本发明的实施方式的在图2的蜂窝网络中部署的分布式天线系统；
图4例示根据本发明的实施方式的被配置成部署在蜂窝网络中的分布式天线通信系统；
图5例示根据本发明的实施方式的信号场强计量器；
图6A-B例示根据本发明的实施方式的用于与移动单元联接的收发机；
图7例示根据本发明的实施方式的分布式天线通信系统和具有信号计量能力的基站；以及
图8A-B例示根据本发明的实施方式的用于与具有信号计量能力的基站联接的收发机。
发明详细描述
图1例示根据本发明的实施方式的分布式天线通信系统100。系统100包括通信集线器102、以及耦合到集线器102的端口的多个分布式天线106a-n。基站收发台104通信地耦合到集线器102。另外，一个或更多个移动通信设备108a-n经过天线106a-n通信地耦合到集线器102。基站104可以设置在蜂窝服务提供商处以及可以被经过回程线路110耦合到蜂窝电信网络。集线器102可以设置在电信用户的场所，天线106a-n在该场所内到处分布。例如，集线器102可以位于建筑物内(例如在杂物间内)，天线在建筑物中到处分布以向移动设备108a-n提供室内覆盖区域。移动设备108a-n可以是例如蜂窝电话。尽管例示了三个移动设备108a-n和三个天线106a-n，明显地两者可以存在更多或更少个。在实施方式中，多达8个天线106a-n可以被耦合到单个集线器102。另外，天线106a-n中的一个或更多个可以设置在室外。
与将基站104设置在距离集线器102的远程位置不同的是，如图1所示，基站104和集线器102可以设置在同一地点。例如，基站104的功能可以与集线器102的集成以形成设置在用户场所的单个设备。
系统100优选地提供双向通信。对于下行链路，基站104从蜂窝电信网络接收通信信号，然后将其分配到天线106a-n。为了实现这一点，收发机112可以从基站104接收下行信号。收发机112接着将下行信号放大到适当电平以传递到分配节点114。分配节点114接着重复和分配信号到多个收发机116a-n，使得收发机116a-n中的每一个接收下行信号的副本。收发机116a-n的每一个经过天线106a-n中对应的一个发射从分配节点114接收的信号。移动设备108a-n的每一个从一个或更多个天线106a-n拾取下行信号。
对于上行链路，来自移动设备108a-n的信号被收发机116a-n经过天线106a-n接收。该信号接着被传递到分配节点114，其将信号组合为组合信号(例如通过简单相加)。组合信号被收发机112传送到基站104。基站104接着传递组合信号到蜂窝电信网络。
在实施方式中，来自基站104的下行信号是RF(射频)。例如，该信号经过电缆或经过无线链路在收发机112和基站104之间通信。在此情况下，收发机112可以将下行信号从RF下转换为IF。该信号接着被以IF分配到收发机116a-n。在向移动设备108a-n发射信号之前，收发机116a-n将IF信号上转换为RF(射频)。对于上行链路，收发机116a-n将从移动设备108a-n接收的RF信号下转换为IF。这些IF信号接着被处理和组合以便被以IF传递到收发机112。收发机112接着将IF信号上转换为RF以便传递到基站104。因此，收发机112担任经过基站104到电话网络的接口。
为了让多个移动设备108a-n可以同时经过系统100通信，每个移动设备在不同信道中通信。例如，用于蜂窝通信的CDMA(码分多址)协议、诸如UMTS(通用移动通信系统)，或用于蜂窝通信的TDMA(时分多址)协议、诸如GSM(全球移动通信系统)可以被系统100采用。由此，对于下行链路，包括不同信道的同一信号被经过天线106a-n的每一个发射，使得可以被任意移动设备108a-n接收，而不论天线106a-n的哪一个最接近移动设备的具体一个。对于上行链路，来自特定移动设备的信号可以被一个或更多个天线106a-n拾取。如图1所示，来自设备108a的信号被天线106a和106b拾取，尽管该信号在一个天线可以比在另一个更强。另外如图1所示，来自设备108b的信号仅仅被天线106n拾取。来自设备108n的信号也仅仅被天线106n拾取。被任意天线106a-n拾取的全部信号在节点114组合，被包括在基站104接收的组合信号中。集线器102还可以包括控制器118和计量器120，其功能在下文更详细描述。
图2例示其中可以部署图1的分布式天线系统100的蜂窝电信网络200的蜂窝覆盖区域202A-F或“小区”。每一个小区202A-F粗略地以基站204A-F的对应一个为中心。尽管示出了6个小区，明显地，蜂窝网络可以包括不同数量的小区。例如，大的蜂窝网络可以包括数十或数百个小区，其提供大地理区域的覆盖。在此情况下，很多小区可以被邻近的相邻小区包围。
图3例示图2的蜂窝网络200中部署的分布式天线系统100。如图3所示，分布式天线系统100形成覆盖区域206。覆盖区域206被示出具有不规则形状，因为天线106a-n(图1)可以被定位在各种不同位置。另外，一个或更多个天线106a-n可以被设置在建筑物内，其结构将趋向于衰减信号强度。
因为分布式天线系统100的覆盖区域206可以交叠蜂窝网络200的一个或更多个小区202A-F，分布式天线系统100和蜂窝网络200的一个或更多个小区之间可能出现干扰。为了避免这种情况，分布式天线系统100被优选地配置成避免采用被网络200的覆盖区域与分布式天线系统100的交叠的这些小区使用的任意通信频率，除非网络200的这些小区信号强度在交叠覆盖区域中充分低以至于干扰不太可能。
在此参照图1，示出分布式天线系统100的正常操作。在该操作模式中(其可以被称为“正常”模式)，分布式天线系统100利用分配给下行信令方向的发射频率经过收发机116a-n发射信号。分布式天线系统100还在分配给上行信令方向的频率上经过收发机116a-n接收信号。正常模式被用于帮助移动单元108a-n通信。在分布式天线系统100在正常模式下操作的同时，蜂窝网络200的基站204A-F(图2和3所示)还利用下行链路频率发射信号。基站204A-F还在分配给上行信令方向的频率接收信号。因此，通过尝试在相同频率和相同区域发射不同信息，基站204A-F和分布式系统100可能彼此干扰。然而，基站204A-F和分布式天线系统100将不能彼此“看见”，因为它们中的每一个都配置为仅仅接收分配给上行信令方向的信号。
图4例示根据本发明的实施方式的被配置以便在蜂窝网络200中部署的分布式天线通信系统100。如图4所示，收发机116a-n配置为接收处于基站204A-F所发射的频带(下行频率)中的信号。因此，在此操作模式中(其可被称为“监听”或“移动”模式)，收发机116a-n配置为接收分配给下行信令方向的信号。然而，在此模式下，分布式天线系统100可能不能帮助与移动单元108a-n的通信，因为移动单元108a-n仅仅在分配给上行信令方向的频率发射。
在监听模式下，分布式天线系统100通过监听蜂窝网络200的基站204A-F的下行信号检测来自这些基站的信号。这被用于识别被基站204A-F使用的下行频率，其可能与分布式天线系统100的发射干扰。接着，通过将分布式天线系统100在正常模式下使用的发射频率选择成与在监听模式期间检测到的信号强度充分强以至于可能发生干扰的频率不同来避免干扰。
为了进入监听模式，控制器118可以命令分布式天线系统100的收发机116a-n调谐其接收频率以对应于分配给下行信令方向的频率。例如，分布式天线系统100可以配置为在包含若干个频率信道的特定频带下操作。在此情况下，收发机116a-n可以被调谐到频带内的信道的第一个。另外，收发机116a-n可以被命令停止发射。
计量器120耦合到来自收发机116a-n的线122a-n。在监听模式期间，计量器120经过线122a-n监视所接收的信号以确定其电平，由此确定在天线106a-n接收的场强。因为收发机116a-n可以初始地被调谐到频带内的第一频率信道，计量器120可以首先确定第一频率信道的场强。计量器120可以同时地监视全部线122a-n，或者，计量器120可以在线122a-n中循环，每次测量一个线122a-n上的场强。收发机116a-n可以接着被调谐到频带内的下一频率信道使得可以对该频率信道进行场强测量。该处理可以继续直至针对每一个收发机116a-n，频带内的每个频率信道的场强被测量。与针对全部收发机106a-n测量测量一频率信道的场强然后测量下一频率信道的场强不同的是，可以针对单个收发机测量全部频率信道的场强，然后，再针对下一收发机测量全部信道的场强。换句话说，场强测量采取的顺序可以不同。
一旦确定了接收自蜂窝网络200的基站204A-F的信号的场强值，这些信息可以被用于配置收发机116a-n，使其利用来进行发射的频率不同于被识别出的场强大到足有可能发生干扰的频率。例如，分布式天线系统100可以配置为利用频带内的特定信道发射。由此，分布式天线系统100和蜂窝网络100的任何交叠小区之间的干扰被避免。分布式天线系统100可以接着进入正常模式，其中所选择的发射频率被使用。针对下行链路的发射频率的选择也涉及选择针对上行链路的成对的接收频率。
如果分布式天线系统100支持多个频带，诸如900MHz和1800MHz，分布式天线系统100可以在监听模式下监视每个频带。这可以通过首先将收发机115a-n调谐到频带之一，接着到另一个，直至全部频带被监视来完成。如果分布式天线系统100支持多个频带，诸如900MHz或1800MHz，但每次只能仅仅在一个频带下操作，可以不需要检测全部频带中的频率。这是因为分布式天线系统100仅仅需要避免实际操作的频带中的干扰。在此情况下，人工操作员可以配置分布式天线系统100以选择其操作频带。或者，分布式天线系统100可以自动地选择被分布式天线系统100使用的或被基站104使用的最近期的频带，以用于在监听模式下进行监视。
如上所述，收发机116a-n可调谐到频带内的各个信道(即，收发机被信道化)。在替代实施方式中，收发机116a-n可以被调谐来同时接收频带内的若干频率(即收发机是宽带的)。在此情况下，计量器120可以设置有可调谐滤波器，以获得针对每个信道的场强测量值。图5例示根据本发明的实施方式的场强计量器120。如图5所示，计量器120包括耦合到线122a-n的可调谐滤波器124。可调谐滤波器124被控制器118控制以调谐到每个信道。信号电平计量器126被耦合到可调谐滤波器124，以获得场强测量值并将其报告到控制器118。
对于监听模式，收发机116a-n被重配置以接收分配给下行链路的频率。在实施方式中，收发机116a-n包括可调谐接收信号路径，其能够被调谐到下行链路频率。图6A例示根据本发明的实施方式的具有可调谐接收信号路径的收发机116n。如图6A所示，收发机116n包括耦合到天线106n的可调谐双工器128。天线106n接收的信号在被经过线122n传递到集线器102的其他元件之前，被允许通过双工器128和接收机130。接收机130可以对所接收的信号进行滤波和频率下转换。如图6A所示，接收信号路径，包括双工器128和接收机130，根据系统是处于监听模式还是正常模式而可在控制器118的控制下调谐。另外，在监听模式期间，发射机132可以被控制器118禁止。在正常模式下，发射机132可以执行诸如信号滤波和频率上转换的功能。
在替代实施方式中，与如图6A所示收发机116a-n包括可调谐接收信号路径的不同的是，收发机116a-n可以包括用于监听模式的替代路径。图6B例示根据本发明的实施方式的具有替代接收信号路径的收发机116n。如图6B所示，收发机116n包括双工器128、接收机130和发射机132。在正常模式期间，接收机130经过双工器128从天线106n接收信号，发射机132经过双工器128发送信号到天线106n。接收机130配置为在分配给上行链路的频率范围内接收信号。另外，收发机116n包括通过第二接收机134的替代信号路径。第二接收机134配置为在分配给下行链路的频率范围内接收信号。
第二接收机134可以被耦合到双工器128的发射侧以便在监听模式期间从双工器128接收信号。这是因为双工器128配置为使得其发射侧将通过分配给下行链路的频率范围。在监听模式期间，所接收的信号也在下行链路频率内。接收机134的输出在接收机130的输出处被耦合到接收信号路径。为了针对监听模式重配置图6B的收发机116n，控制器118通过禁止接收机130而禁止接收信号路径以及通过启用接收机134而启用替代接收信号路径。为了返回正常模式，通过启用接收机130，接收信号路径被启用，而通过禁止接收机134，替代接收信号路径被禁止。
与如图6B所示第二接收机134被耦合到双工器128的发射侧不同的是，第二接收机134可以被耦合到天线106n。在该实施方式中，替代接收信号路径绕开双工器128。另外，在该实施方式中，第二接收机134可以包括位于天线106a及其接收电路之间的滤波器。
当分布式天线系统100处于监听模式时，每个远程天线106a-n优选地单独测量。分布式天线系统100可以接着报告结果到基站104，报告到被耦合到分布式天线系统100的服务器，或经过基站104连接的蜂窝电信网络到其他位置。在正常模式下，分布式天线系统100使用的发射频率(包括下行链路和上行链路对)的确定可以基于所报告的结果自动确定。该自动确定可以被基站104或耦合到分布式天线系统100的服务器进行。或者，人工操作员可以查看结果以及确定当在正常模式时分布式天线系统100使用的发射频率。在另一实施方式中，发射频率可以由控制器118来确定。在这种情况下，分布式天线系统100可以不报告结果，而可以简单地采用自确定的发射频率。
在监听模式期间确定的结果可以被以表的形式报告。例如，控制器118可以产生和报告该表。下面的表1示出示例表，其可以在监听模式期间被报告。表1示出涉及每个天线106a-n的测量的场强。具体地，表1包括针对每个天线108a-n的行。针对具体天线的行中，包括针对进行测量的每个频率(或多个频率)的所测量的场强测量值。如表1所示，针对每个天线单元而进行场强测量的频率被给出为F1，F2，F3，...FN，而对应的场强测量值被给出为A1，A2，A3，...AN。如果在具体天线对具体频率没有检测到信号，该信息也被记录在表中，例如，作为无条目或0。明显地，表1是示例性的，结果可以不同地排列。
Figure GPA00001115697400091
表1
如上所述，所选择的被分布式天线系统100在正常模式期间使用的发射频率优选地是未被蜂窝网络200的任何交叠小区正在使用的频率(图2和图3)。然而，在实施方式中，所选择的被分布式天线系统100使用的频率可以是被交叠小区正在使用的频率。例如，在监听模式期间，可以发现特定频率正在被附近小区使用，但发现信号仅仅被有限数量的天线106a-n微弱地接收。在此情况下，能够期望，如果天线106a-n位于室内，任何干扰将是最低限度的。为了进一步减少在这种情形下的干扰的可能性，分布式天线系统100可以被配置使得特定一个或更多个天线106a-n以更低功率发射。这些特定天线106a-n被选择为覆盖区域与网络200的小区的覆盖区域交叠的天线。这可以被控制器118完成，使得对应于特定天线的收发机116a-n以较低功率发射。
根据本发明的实施方式，分布式天线系统100响应于信息消息从正常模式转换到监听模式。例如，基站104可以发送命令分布式天线系统100从正常模式转换到监听模式的消息到分布式天线系统100的控制器118。或者，不同于从基站104接收消息，可以将服务器通过以太网连接到控制器118；在此情况下，服务器的操作员或软件可以发送消息。该消息还可以识别分布式天线系统100监听的频带，以及或许识别频带内的频率信道。响应于该消息，控制器118可以命令收发机116a-n调谐到指定的频带内的频率。
当在监听模式下收集到适当的信息时，分布式天线系统100可以接收命令分布式天线系统100转换回正常模式的第二消息。第二消息还可以包括用于针对正常模式配置分布式天线系统100的信息。该信息可以包括分布式天线系统100用于与移动设备108a-n下行和上行信令的频率对的标识(图1)。
与响应于消息而进入监听模式不同的是，分布式天线系统100可在被加电时进入监听模式。接着，当在监听模式下收集到适当的信息时，分布式天线系统100可以转换回正常模式。
在实施方式中，分布式天线系统100可以默认处于监听模式除非从其连接的基站104检测到通信信号。更具体地，当分布式天线系统100不从基站104检测到任何通信信号时，其可以默认处于监听模式。接着，响应于分布式天线系统100从基站104检测到通信信号，分布式天线系统100转换到正常模式。在监听模式期间，可以在基站104的控制下进行场强测量。在该实施方式中，场强计量器120可以被包括在基站104中而不是在集线器102中。另外，在监听模式期间，不同于单独地测量被每个天线接收的信号，基站104可以从全部天线106a-n接收的组合信号进行其场强测量。在基站104开始在正常模式下发射之前，基站104可以接着通知分布式天线系统100针对正常模式被分布式天线系统100使用的频率对。
如上所述，基站104可以包括信号计量功能。在此情况下，基站104可以进行场强测量。图7例示分布式天线通信系统300和具有信号计量功能的基站104。基站104耦合到集线器102，其进而耦合到多个天线106a-n。如同以上，系统300在正常模式下操作，其中天线106a-n与移动单元进行双向通信，以及在监听模式下，其中系统300确定是否存在与网络200的小区的交叠(图2和图3)。在监听模式下，基站104配置为监听相邻基站108a-n的下行频率。因为来自每一个分布式天线106a-n的信号被集线器102组合，基站104可以测量组合信号的场强。基站104可以接着进行信号场强测量以及命令集线器102配置其收发机116a-n以在适当的下行频率操作。或者，基站104可以经过所连接的蜂窝电信网络发送结果到服务器或人工操作员，如以上参照图4所描述的。
优选地，图7的实施方式进入或退出监听模式而不要求集线器102和基站104之间的信令。如上所述，集线器102可以默认为监听模式除非其从其连接的基站104检测到通信信号。接着，响应于集线器102从基站104检测到通信信号，其可以转换到正常模式。
在图7的实施方式中，针对监听模式，集线器102被重配置以向基站104发射分配给下行链路的频率(图1和图4)，使得基站104能够进行场强测量。为此，集线器102的收发机112可以包括可调谐发射信号路径，其在监听模式期间可被调谐到下行频率。图8A例示根据本发明的实施方式的具有可调谐发射信号路径的收发机112。如图8A所示，收发机112包括可调谐发射机136和可调谐双工器138。双工器138耦合到用于与基站140通信的天线140。从分布式天线116a-n接收的信号被传送通过集线器102的其他元件(例如，分配节点114)，接着到发射机136。发射机136可以执行诸如信号滤波和频率上转换的功能。来自发射机136的信号接着经过双工器138和天线140被传递到基站104。如图8A所示，包括发射机136和双工器138的发射信号路径根据系统处于监听模式还是正常模式在控制器118的控制下是可调谐。另外，在正常模式期间用于下行链路的接收机142在监听模式期间可以被控制器118禁止。在正常模式下，接收机142可以进行诸如信号滤波和频率下转换的功能。
在替代实施方式中，与如图8A所示收发机112包括可调谐发射信号路径不同的是，收发机112可以包括针对监听模式的替代信号路径。图8B例示根据本发明的实施方式的具有替代发射信号路径的收发机112。如图8B所示，收发机112包括双工器138、发射机136和接收机142。在正常模式期间，发射机136经过双工器138和天线140向基站104发送上行信号，而接收机142经过天线140和双工器138从基站104接收下行信号。收发机136配置为在分配给上行链路的频率范围内发射信号。另外，收发机112包括通过第二发射机144的替代信号路径。第二发射机144配置为在分配给下行链路的频率范围内发射信号。
第二发射机144可以被耦合到双工器138的接收侧以便在监听模式期间经过双工器138发射信号。这是因为双工器138配置为使得其接收侧将传送分配给下行链路的频率范围。在监听模式期间，被发射到基站104的信号也在下行频率内。发射机144的输入耦合到位于发射机136的输入的发射信号路径。为了针对监听模式重配置图8B的收发机112，控制器118通过禁止发射机136而禁止发射信号路径以及通过启用发射机144而启用替代发射信号路径。为了返回正常模式，通过启用发射机136，发射信号路径被启用，而通过禁止发射机144而禁止替代发射信号路径。
与如图8B所示第二发射机144被耦合到双工器138的接收侧不同的是，第二发射机144可以被耦合到天线140。在该实施方式中，替代发射信号路径绕开双工器138。另外，在该实施方式中，第二发射机144可以包括位于天线140及其发射电路之间的滤波器。
另外，与采用如图8A和8B所示的双工器138以便在集线器102和基站104之间双向通信不同的是，收发机112可以经过两个单独的信号路径(例如单独的电缆)被耦合到基站，每一个信号路径仅仅承载一个方向上的信号。在此情况下，图8A的可调谐收发机136可以被耦合到集线器102与基站104之间的任意一个单独的信号路径。类似地，图8B的替代发射信号路径可以被耦合到集线器102与基站104之间的任意一个单独的信号路径。
本发明的以上详细描述是为了例示而提供，而不旨在穷尽或限制本发明到所公开的实施方式。因此，本发明的范围由所附的权利要求限定。

Claims (28)

1.一种分布式天线系统，包括：
多个天线；以及
多端口集线器，包括对电信网络的接口以及多个收发机，其中所述多端口集线器配置为在第一模式下操作，在所述第一模式下，所述多端口集线器经过所述接口接收下行通信信号和利用位于下行频率范围内的所选择的下行发射频率分配所述下行通信信号到所述多个天线，以及在所述第一模式下，所述多端口集线器在所选择的上行接收频率从所述多个天线接收上行通信信号，以及其中所述多端口集线器配置为在第二模式下操作，在所述第二模式下，所述多端口集线器在所述下行频率范围内的一个或更多个频率从所述多个天线接收通信信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中每个收发机配置为在所选择的发射频率发射，以及其中针对所述第一模式的发射频率是基于在所述第二模式下接收的信号的所测量的场强来选择的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中响应于检测到不存在来自所述接口的信号，所述多端口集线器进入所述第二模式。
4.根据权利要求3所述的分布式天线系统，其中响应于在所述接口检测到信号，所述多端口集线器进入所述第一模式。
5.根据权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，还包括用于测量被所述天线接收的信号的场强的计量器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的分布式天线系统，所述计量器设置在经过所述接口耦合到所述分布式天线系统的基站中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述收发机中的一个或更多个还包括用于在所述第一模式下接收上行通信信号和在所述第二模式下在所述下行频率范围内的一个或更多个频率接收通信信号的可调谐接收信号路径。
8.根据权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述收发机中的一个或更多个还包括第一和第二接收信号路径，所述第一路径用于在所述第一模式下接收上行通信信号以及所述第二路径用于在所述第二模式下在所述下行频率范围内的一个或更多个频率接收通信信号。
9.根据权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述接口还包括可调谐发射信号路径，用于在所述第一模式下向所述电信网络发射上行通信信号以及用于在所述第二模式下在所述下行频率范围内的一个或更多个频率向所述电信网络发射通信信号。
10.根据权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述接口还包括第一和第二发射信号路径，所述第一路径用于在所述第一模式下向所述电信网络发射上行通信信号以及所述第二路径用于在所述第二模式下在所述下行频率范围内的一个或更多个频率向所述电信网络发射通信信号。
11.一种分布式天线系统，包括：
多个天线；
计量器，用于测量所述天线接收的信号的场强；以及
多端口集线器，包括对电信网络的接口以及多个收发机，每个收发机可配置为在选择的发射频率发射，其中所述多端口集线器配置为在第一模式下操作，在所述第一模式下，所述多端口集线器经过所述接口接收下行通信信号和利用所选择的下行发射频率分配所述下行通信信号到所述多个天线，以及在所述第一模式下，所述多端口集线器在所选择的上行接收频率从所述多个天线接收上行通信信号，以及其中所述多端口集线器配置为在第二模式下操作，在所述第二模式下，所述多端口集线器从所述多个天线接收通信信号以及所述计量器测量在多个频率的每个信号的场强，其中用于所述第一模式的发射频率和接收频率基于所述第二模式下接收的信号的所测量的场强来选择。
12.根据权利要求11所述的分布式天线系统，其中在所述第一模式下，所述分布式天线系统从一个或更多个移动单元接收上行通信信号。
13.根据权利要求12所述的分布式天线系统，其中在所述第二模式下，所述分布式天线系统接收来自一蜂窝网络的一个或更多个附近基站收发台的下行通信。
14.根据权利要求11所述的分布式天线系统，其中响应于接收到消息，所述多端口集线器进入所述第二模式。
15.根据权利要求11所述的分布式天线系统，其中响应于检测到不存在来自所述接口的信号，所述多端口集线器进入所述第二模式。
16.根据权利要求15所述的分布式天线系统，其中响应于在所述接口检测到信号，所述多端口集线器进入所述第一模式。
17.根据权利要求15所述的分布式天线系统，还包括经过所述接口耦合到所述多端口集线器的基站收发台，其中所述基站收发台包括所述计量器。
18.根据权利要求11所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述第二模式中使用的发射和接收频率被选择成避免使用在所述第一模式下检测到的任何频率。
19.根据权利要求11所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述第二模式下使用的发射频率与在所述第一模式期间在一个或更多个天线检测的频率相同，以及其中针对这些天线的发射功率被调节为比其余天线的发射功率低。
20.根据权利要求11所述的分布式天线系统，其中在所述第一模式下所述分布式天线系统测量多个不同频带，每个频带包括进行场强测量的多个频率信道。
21.根据权利要求11所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述收发机通过包括频率可调谐接收信号路径而可重配置成在所述第一模式和所述第二模式下操作。
22.根据权利要求11所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述收发机通过包括用于在所述第二模式下操作的接收信号路径和在所述第一模式下操作的替代接收信号路径而可重配置成在所述第一模式和所述第二模式下操作。
23.根据权利要求11所述的分布式天线系统，其中在所述第一模式下所述收发机被调谐到所述多个频率的每一个。
24.根据权利要求11所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述收发机被调谐到包括所述多个频率的每一个的频带，以及其中可调谐滤波器被耦合到所述计量器以及在所述第一模式下选择性地调谐到所述多个频率的每一个。
25.根据权利要求11所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述收发机中的一个或更多个还包括可调谐接收信号路径，用于在所述第一模式下接收上行通信信号以及在所述第二模式下在下行频率范围内的一个或更多个频率接收通信信号。
26.根据权利要求11所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述收发机中的一个或更多个还包括第一和第二接收信号路径，所述第一路径用于在所述第一模式下接收上行通信信号，所述第二路径用于在所述第二模式下在下行频率范围内的一个或更多个频率接收通信信号。
27.根据权利要求11所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述接口还包括可调谐发射信号路径，用于在所述第一模式下向所述电信网络发射上行通信信号，以及用于在所述第二模式下在下行频率范围内的一个或更多个频率向所述电信网络发射通信信号。
28.根据权利要求11所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述接口还包括第一和第二发射信号路径，所述第一路径用于在所述第一模式下向所述电信网络发射上行通信信号，以及所述第二路径用于在所述第二模式下在下行频率范围内的一个或更多个频率向所述电信网络发射通信信号。
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CN101842995A (zh) 2010-09-22
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