CN101836060A - Fluid sensor, refrigerant leakage detection device, refrigeration device, and refrigerant leakage detection method - Google Patents

Fluid sensor, refrigerant leakage detection device, refrigeration device, and refrigerant leakage detection method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101836060A
CN101836060A CN200880113368A CN200880113368A CN101836060A CN 101836060 A CN101836060 A CN 101836060A CN 200880113368 A CN200880113368 A CN 200880113368A CN 200880113368 A CN200880113368 A CN 200880113368A CN 101836060 A CN101836060 A CN 101836060A
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China
Prior art keywords
cold
producing medium
sensor
fluid
signal
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CN200880113368A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
佐佐木能成
山口贵弘
米森强
吉见学
徐优优
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Publication of CN101836060A publication Critical patent/CN101836060A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
    • G01M3/18—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/186—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/188—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators for radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks

Abstract

A fluid sensor which can perform detection of a refrigerant leakage, including specifying of which part of a refrigerant circuit of a refrigeration device has the refrigerant leakage. The fluid sensor (8) is a fluid sensor for detecting leakage of a refrigerant from a refrigerant circuit (10). The fluid sensor (8) has a sensor body (8a) having two electrodes (81, 82) arranged at an interval and is adapted so as to be connectable to an impedance measurement device (9) for measuring the impedance between the two electrodes (81, 82).

Description

Fluid sensor, refrigerant leakage detecting device, refrigerating plant and cold-producing medium leakage detection method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fluid sensor, relate in particular to and be used to detect fluid sensor and the refrigerant leakage detecting device that the cold-producing medium from the refrigerant loop of refrigerating plant leaks.In addition, also relate to refrigerating plant that comprises fluid sensor and refrigerant leakage detecting device and the cold-producing medium leakage detection method that adopts fluid sensor.
Background technology
As the method that the cold-producing medium that detects from the refrigerant loop of refrigerating plant leaks, exist computing to be enclosed the refrigerant amount in the refrigerant loop and detect the method (with reference to patent documentation 1) that cold-producing medium leaks according to the refrigerant amount that this calculates according to various operating condition amount.
Patent documentation 1: the Japan Patent spy opens the 2007-163099 communique
Summary of the invention
Yet, in said method, be not easy specifically to determine that the place of leaking takes place cold-producing medium.
In addition, when detecting cold-producing medium and leak, suitably handle, exist and want specifically to determine where cold-producing medium leaks such requirement from refrigerant loop for cold-producing medium is leaked.
Technical problem of the present invention is to comprise the concrete detection of determining that the cold-producing medium that where leak of cold-producing medium from the refrigerant loop of refrigerating plant leaks.
The fluid sensor of first invention is used to detect the cold-producing medium leakage from the refrigerant loop of refrigerating plant, the sensor main body that comprises electrode with two devices spaced apart ground settings, and above-mentioned fluid sensor can be connected with the impedance measuring instrument of measuring two impedance between electrodes.At this, " having two electrodes " is meant to have with two kinds of paired electrodes of electric means.
If the sensor main body of above-mentioned fluid sensor is located near the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the refrigerant loop or its in advance, to measure two impedance between electrodes, then owing to the influence that flows into the cold-producing medium between two electrodes or leak the fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium, when not producing cold-producing medium and leak, the impedance meeting changes when producing cold-producing medium leaking in refrigerant loop.In above-mentioned fluid sensor, change based on this impedance, can carry out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks, comprise and determine specifically producing cold-producing medium in the part that is provided with sensor main body leaks, promptly specifically determines cold-producing medium where leaking from the refrigerant loop of refrigerating plant.In addition, even the refrigerating plant of having established that does not have detection cold-producing medium leakage function, as long as install fluid sensor additional, by being connected, just can carry out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks with impedance measuring instrument.At this, the dew that " leaking the fluid occur because of cold-producing medium " be meant the refrigerator oil that leaks with cold-producing medium, produce because of the leakage of cold-producing medium etc.
The fluid sensor of second invention is on the basis of fluid sensor of first invention, and sensor main body has fluid and keeps body between two electrodes, and this fluid keeps body to be used to keep cold-producing medium or leaks the fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium.
When the sensor main body of fluid sensor only is made of two electrodes, owing to being difficult to make on one's own initiative cold-producing medium or leaking the fluid retention that occurs between two electrodes because of cold-producing medium, therefore, for example when leakage rate is trace, may exist to detect the situation that cold-producing medium leaks.
Therefore, in above-mentioned fluid sensor, the fluid maintaining part that is provided for keeping cold-producing medium or leaks the fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium between two electrodes will flow into the cold-producing medium between two electrodes or leak the fluid maintenance that occurs, lodges in fluid maintenance body because of cold-producing medium.By this, even leakage rate is a trace, also can easily detects cold-producing medium and leak, thereby can improve the accuracy of detection that cold-producing medium leaks.
The fluid sensor of the 3rd invention is on the basis of the fluid sensor of second invention, and it is paper that fluid keeps body.
In this fluid sensor, owing to can keep the paper of body to keep, accumulate by the refrigerator oil that also is difficult for evaporating, spread after the leakage is infiltrated as fluid, therefore with make leakage after be easy to evaporate, spread the cold-producing medium situation that remains in fluid maintenance body compare, the vestige that cold-producing medium leaks can be captured reliably, the accuracy of detection that cold-producing medium leaks can be improved by this.
The fluid sensor of the 4th invention is that two electrodes of sensor main body are sandwich constructions on the basis of the fluid sensor of each invention in first invention is invented to the 3rd.
In above-mentioned fluid sensor, owing to use the electrode of sandwich construction, therefore can increase the capacitance of sensor main body, can improve the accuracy of detection that cold-producing medium leaks by this.
The fluid sensor of the 5th invention is on the basis of the fluid sensor of each invention in first invention is invented to the 4th, and sensor main body can be mounted to the pipe or the pipe joint that will constitute refrigerant loop and surround.
In this fluid sensor, owing to making cold-producing medium or flowing into effectively between two electrodes, therefore can capture the vestige that cold-producing medium leaks reliably because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid that occurs, can improve the accuracy of detection that cold-producing medium leaks by this.
The cold-producing medium sensor of the 6th invention is that sensor main body is provided with fastening portion on the basis of the fluid sensor of the 5th invention, and this fastening portion is used for the ground fastening of energy disassembled and assembled freely in the pipe or the pipe joint that constitute refrigerant loop.
In this fluid sensor and since can be by fastening portion with the ground fastening of sensor main body disassembled and assembled freely in managing or pipe joint, so install, pull down operation and become easy.
The fluid sensor of the 7th invention is that sensor main body is flat structure on the basis of the fluid sensor of each invention in first invention is invented to the 4th.
In this fluid sensor because sensor main body compactness, processing ease, therefore can easily be installed on the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection and near.
The fluid sensor of the 8th invention is on the basis of the fluid sensor of each invention in second invention is invented to the 6th, the basket that fluid keeps body and electrode to be configured sensor main body covers, be provided with in the basket flow-induced body outstanding outside basket in sensor main body, this flow-induced body is directed between two electrodes with cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid that occurs.
In this fluid sensor, when the detection of cold-producing medium leakage is carried out in the variation of leaking the impedance that the particular fluid in the fluid occurs causes based on cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium, by keeping body and electrode to cover fluid with basket, can prevent from cold-producing medium as possible or leak fluid beyond the particular fluid occurs etc. because of cold-producing medium to be held in fluid maintenance body etc., and be directed to two flow-induced bodies between the electrode by in basket, outside basket, being provided with highlightedly, can be directed in the basket to keep with cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the particular fluid that occurs with cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid that occurs, lodge in fluid and keep body.By this, can help the lifting of the accuracy of detection of cold-producing medium leakage.
The fluid sensor of the 9th invention is on the basis of the fluid sensor of the 8th invention, basket is formed with peristome, this peristome is used to make the flow-induced body to give prominence to outside basket in basket, and the opening size of peristome is littler than the opening size of the resettlement section of covering fluid maintenance body and electrode.
In this fluid sensor, by will be used to make the flow-induced body in the basket outside basket the opening size of outstanding peristome be set as than covering fluid and keep the resettlement section of body and electrode little, thereby can suppress cold-producing medium or leak fluid intrusion resettlement section beyond the particular fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium.
The fluid sensor of the tenth invention is on the basis of the fluid sensor of the 9th invention, is provided with encapsulant, under the state that the flow-induced body is given prominence to from peristome, and the sealed material landfill in the gap between peristome and the flow-induced body.
In this fluid sensor, under the state of giving prominence to from peristome at the flow-induced body, the encapsulant in the gap between landfill peristome and the flow-induced body is set, thereby can helps suppressing cold-producing medium or leak intrusion resettlement sections such as fluid beyond the particular fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium.
The refrigerating plant of the 11 invention comprises refrigerant loop and first invention fluid sensor of each invention to the tenth invention, and this fluid sensor is disposed near the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the refrigerant loop or its.
In this refrigerating plant, because fluid sensor is located near the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the refrigerant loop or its, therefore when carrying out the detection of cold-producing medium leakage, by impedance measuring instrument is connected in fluid sensor, just can carry out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks, comprise specifically determine to leak at the part generation cold-producing medium that is provided with sensor main body, i.e. concrete definite cold-producing medium where leaking from the refrigerant loop of refrigerating plant.
The refrigerating plant of the 12 invention is on the basis of the refrigerating plant of the 11 invention, also comprises the impedance measuring instrument that is connected in fluid sensor.
In this refrigerating plant, owing to comprise the impedance measuring instrument that is connected in fluid sensor, therefore when carrying out the detection of cold-producing medium leakage, do not need to carry out being connected of impedance measuring instrument and fluid sensor.In addition, owing to can easily store the processing such as result of cold-producing medium leak detection in advance, therefore help the lifting of the accuracy of detection of cold-producing medium leakage.And, also can carry out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks all the time.
The fluid sensor of the 13 invention is used to detect the cold-producing medium leakage from the refrigerant loop of refrigerating plant, comprise sensor main body, this sensor main body has the electrode that two devices spaced apart ground are provided with, sensor main body also has: impedance measuring portion, and this impedance measuring portion measures two impedance between electrodes; Leak judgement portion, this leak judgement portion carries out leaking relevant judgement with cold-producing medium based on measured the resistance value that obtains by impedance measuring portion; And the signal efferent, the result of determination relevant with the cold-producing medium leakage that this signal efferent will be obtained by leak judgement portion outputs to external equipment.At this, " having two electrodes " is meant to have with two kinds of paired electrodes of electric means.
If the sensor main body of above-mentioned fluid sensor is located near the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the refrigerant loop or its in advance, to measure two impedance between electrodes, then owing to the influence that flows into the cold-producing medium between two electrodes or leak the fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium, when not producing cold-producing medium and leak, the impedance meeting changes when producing cold-producing medium leaking in refrigerant loop.In above-mentioned fluid sensor, change based on this impedance, can carry out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks, comprise and determine specifically producing cold-producing medium in the part that is provided with sensor main body leaks, promptly specifically determines cold-producing medium where leaking from the refrigerant loop of refrigerating plant.And, in this fluid sensor, because sensor main body also has: impedance measuring portion, this impedance measuring portion measures two impedance between electrodes; Leak judgement portion, this leak judgement portion carry out leaking relevant judgement with cold-producing medium; And the signal efferent, therefore this signal efferent will leak relevant result of determination with cold-producing medium and output to external equipment, when carrying out the detection of cold-producing medium leakage, not need to carry out being connected of impedance measuring instrument and fluid sensor.In addition, owing to compare with situation about being connected with the impedance measuring instrument of outside or situation that impedance measuring instrument is set on refrigerating plant, the distance between electrode and the impedance measuring portion shortens, so helps the lifting of the accuracy of detection of cold-producing medium leakage.And, owing to also have leak judgement portion and signal efferent, even the refrigerating plant of therefore having established that does not have the function that detects the cold-producing medium leakage as long as install fluid sensor additional, also can carry out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks.At this, the dew that " leaking the fluid occur because of cold-producing medium " be meant the refrigerator oil that leaks with cold-producing medium, produce because of the leakage of cold-producing medium etc.
The refrigerant leakage detecting device of the 14 invention comprises: first sensor, second sensor, operational part and the leak judgement portion of the fluid sensor of each invention in inventing to the tenth as first invention.Second sensor has the electrode that two devices spaced apart ground are provided with, and constitutes the fluid that makes cold-producing medium or occur because of the cold-producing medium leakage and does not remain between two electrodes.Operational part comes the computing cold-producing medium based on first difference between the output of the output of first sensor and second sensor or leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium.Test section carries out leaking relevant judgement with cold-producing medium based on the static capacity variable quantity that is calculated by operational part.
As the principal element that the impedance (or static capacity) of fluid sensor changes, leak the fluid that occurs except cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium, humidity (that is water vapour), temperature are also for example arranged, wear out.Therefore, in refrigerant loop, carry out near the part of cold-producing medium leak detection or its above-mentioned fluid sensor only being set, may comprise the influence that the principal element of leaking other static capacities variations outside the fluid that occurs based on cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium is brought.Therefore, in this refrigerant leakage detecting device, constitute by following two fluid sensors: first sensor, this first sensor remains between two electrodes with cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid that occurs; And second sensor, this second sensor does not remain between two electrodes with cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid that occurs.By this, the principal element that static capacities such as humidity change is to first sensor and all generation effects of second sensor, but cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks principal element that the static capacity of the fluid occurs changes not to the second sensor generation effect, the cold-producing medium or the principal element of static capacity variation of leaking the fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium are to first sensor generation effect.Operational part comes the computing cold-producing medium according to first difference of the output of these sensors or because of cold-producing medium leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid that occurs, test section detects cold-producing medium according to the static capacity variable quantity and leaks.Promptly, refrigerant leakage detecting device makes the variable quantity of the static capacity of the principal element that changes based on static capacities such as humidity offset by the first sensor and second sensor, thereby can only try to achieve based on cold-producing medium or leak the variable quantity of the static capacity of the fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium.By this, only, just can correctly know whether the cold-producing medium leakage takes place according to based on cold-producing medium or leak the variable quantity of static capacity of the first sensor of the fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium.
The refrigerant leakage detecting device of the 15 invention is on the basis of the refrigerant leakage detecting device of the 14 invention, also comprises: first oscillating portion, and this first oscillating portion is with the hunting of frequency corresponding with the static capacity of first sensor; Second oscillating portion, this second oscillating portion is with the hunting of frequency corresponding with the static capacity of second sensor; And count section up and down, count section increases progressively counting (up count) with the output of first oscillating portion up and down, and with the output countdown (down count) of second oscillating portion.Operational part is obtained first difference based on the count value of count section up and down.
In this refrigerant leakage detecting device, count section will increase progressively counting according to the static capacity oscillatory signal of first sensor up and down, and will be according to the static capacity oscillatory signal countdown of second sensor.Since up and down the count value of count section be equivalent to the frequency corresponding with the static capacity of first sensor and with the umber of pulse of the difference of the corresponding frequency of the static capacity of second sensor, therefore can obtain first difference according to count value.By obtaining the static capacity variable quantity, can take out cold-producing medium accurately or leak the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid occur because of cold-producing medium based on first difference of obtaining as mentioned above.Therefore, can more correctly detect cold-producing medium leaks.
The refrigerant leakage detecting device of the 16 invention is on the basis of the refrigerant leakage detecting device of the 15 invention, also comprises selection portion.Selection portion is selected in the output of the output of first oscillating portion and second oscillating portion any one.To in the output of the output of selected first oscillating portion of count section input selection portion up and down and second oscillating portion any one.
In this refrigerant leakage detecting device, count section is up and down imported any one in the output of the output of first oscillating portion and second oscillating portion.That is, simultaneously count section is not up and down imported the output of first oscillating portion and the output of second oscillating portion.Therefore, count section can carry out reliably that output with first oscillating portion increases progressively counting and with the action of the output countdown of second oscillating portion up and down, thereby can obtain being used to obtain the correct count value of first difference.
The refrigerant leakage detecting device of the 17 invention is on the basis of refrigerant leakage detecting device of the 15 invention or the 16 invention, also comprises reset portion, this reset portion every specified period up and down the count value of count section reset.
In this refrigerant leakage detecting device, operational part is obtained first difference between the output of the output of first sensor and second sensor according to the count value before being reset.
The refrigerant leakage detecting device of the 18 invention is on the basis of the refrigerant leakage detecting device of the 14 invention, also comprise: first reset portion, this first reset portion is exported first reset signal based on the time constant of being determined by the static capacity of first sensor; Second reset portion, this second reset portion is exported second reset signal based on the time constant of being determined by the static capacity of second sensor; First count section, this first count section is counted the pulse signal with assigned frequency, and comes the counting of stop pulse signal based on first reset signal; Second count section, this second count section pulse signals is counted, and comes the counting of stop pulse signal based on second reset signal; And Difference Calculation portion, second difference of the count number that first count section and second count section counted to get respectively till the counting that this Difference Calculation portion obtains pulse signal stopped.Operational part is obtained first difference based on second difference.
In this refrigerant leakage detecting device, first count section pulse signals before by the first reset signal indication reset is counted, and second count section pulse signals before by the second reset signal indication reset is counted.At this, because first reset signal and second reset signal are based on the signal of the time constant of determining according to the static capacity of first sensor respectively and the signal of the time constant determined according to the static capacity of second sensor, therefore first count section and second count section asynchronism(-nization) that stops to count.That is, the difference of the count number of each count section is equivalent to static capacity poor of each sensor.Therefore, in this refrigerant leakage detecting device, can obtain first difference according to second difference of each count number.Therefore, cold-producing medium can be only taken out accurately or, thereby the cold-producing medium leakage can be more correctly detected because of cold-producing medium leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid occurs.
The refrigerant leakage detecting device of the 19 invention is on the basis of the refrigerant leakage detecting device of the 14 invention, also comprise: the very first time of the first timing portion, this first timing portion this situation of output expression after through the time of determining according to the static capacity of first sensor is through signal; The second effluxion signal of the second timing portion, this second timing portion this situation of output expression after through the time of determining according to the static capacity of second sensor; And interval calculation portion, the length of following time is calculated by this interval calculation portion, and this time is meant from the first timing portion or the second timing portion passes through any one time the signal and the second effluxion signal output very first time.Operational part is obtained first difference based on the length of the time that is calculated by interval calculation portion.
Because if the static capacity difference of each sensor, then the time of determining according to the static capacity of first sensor also different with the time of determining according to the static capacity of second sensor, it is also different through the time of the very first time process signal of each time and the second effluxion signal therefore to begin to export expression.Therefore, in this refrigerant leakage detecting device, based on very first time of each effluxion of output expression through in the signal and the second effluxion signal any one time span, promptly based on beginning to export the very first time through time of signal with begin to export the difference of the time of the second effluxion signal and obtain first difference.Promptly, owing to above-mentioned time span is equivalent to cold-producing medium or leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid occur because of cold-producing medium, therefore cold-producing medium can be only taken out accurately or because of cold-producing medium leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid that occurs, thereby the cold-producing medium leakage can be more correctly detected.
The refrigerating plant of the 20 invention comprises refrigerant loop and the 14 invention refrigerant leakage detecting device of each invention to the 19 invention, and this refrigerant leakage detecting device is disposed near the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the refrigerant loop or its.
The refrigerant leakage detecting device of each invention carried out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks in the refrigerant loop during this refrigerating plant was invented to the 19 by the 14 invention.Therefore, can obtain inventing to the identical effect of the 19 invention with the 14.
The cold-producing medium leakage detection method of the 21 invention is the cold-producing medium leakage detection method of detection from the cold-producing medium leakage of the refrigerant loop of refrigerating plant, the fluid sensor that will comprise the sensor main body with electrode that two devices spaced apart ground is provided with is disposed near the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the refrigerant loop or its, utilizes impedance measuring instrument to measure two impedance between electrodes.At this, " having two electrodes " is meant to have with two kinds of paired electrodes of electric means.
In this cold-producing medium leakage detection method, if with impedance measuring instrument be located at refrigerant loop in carry out the part of cold-producing medium leak detection or near the fluid sensor it is connected, to measure two impedance between electrodes, then owing to the influence that flows into the cold-producing medium between two electrodes or leak the fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium, when not producing cold-producing medium and leak, the impedance meeting changes when producing cold-producing medium leaking in refrigerant loop.In above-mentioned cold-producing medium leakage detection method, change based on this impedance, can carry out the detection of cold-producing medium leakage, comprise concrete definite cold-producing medium leaks, promptly specifically determines cold-producing medium where leaking from the refrigerant loop of refrigerating plant in the part generation that is provided with sensor main body.In addition, even the refrigerating plant of having established that does not have detection cold-producing medium leakage function, as long as install fluid sensor additional, by being connected, just can carry out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks with impedance measuring instrument.At this, the dew that " leaking the fluid occur because of cold-producing medium " be meant the refrigerator oil that leaks with cold-producing medium, produce because of the leakage of cold-producing medium etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the summary construction diagram as the conditioner of an embodiment of refrigerating plant of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the figure that the state of the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the refrigerant loop is located at fluid sensor in expression.
Fig. 3 is the figure that observes Fig. 2 from arrow I direction.
Fig. 4 is near the stereogram of sensor main body of expression fluid sensor.
Fig. 5 is the stereogram of expression impedance measuring instrument.
Fig. 6 is the summary construction diagram of impedance measuring circuit.
Fig. 7 is the summary construction diagram of impedance measuring circuit.
Fig. 8 is near the stereogram of sensor main body of the fluid sensor of expression variation 1.
Fig. 9 is near the stereogram of sensor main body of the fluid sensor of expression variation 2.
Figure 10 is the figure that the state of the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the refrigerant loop is located at the fluid sensor of variation 3 in expression.
Figure 11 is the III-III cutaway view of Figure 10.
Figure 12 is near the stereogram of sensor main body of the fluid sensor of expression variation 4.
Figure 13 is near the figure of sensor main body of the fluid sensor of expression variation 4, is the II-II cutaway view of Fig. 3.
Figure 14 is near the figure of sensor main body of the fluid sensor of expression variation 4, is the III-III cutaway view of Figure 10.
Figure 15 is that expression is located at the figure that carries out the part of cold-producing medium leak detection or near the state it in the refrigerant loop with the fluid sensor of variation 5.
Figure 16 is the IV-IV cutaway view of Figure 15.
Figure 17 is the V-V cutaway view of Figure 16.
Figure 18 is the cutaway view of basket that constitutes the fluid sensor of variation 5, is the figure corresponding to Figure 17.
Figure 19 is the cutaway view of basket that constitutes the fluid sensor of variation 5, is the figure corresponding to Figure 17.
Figure 20 is the stereogram of basket that constitutes the fluid sensor of variation 6.
Figure 21 is the stereogram of basket that constitutes the fluid sensor of variation 6.
Figure 22 is the stereogram of basket that constitutes the fluid sensor of variation 6.
Figure 23 is a stereogram of representing to be equipped with in advance the pressure sensor of fluid sensor.
Figure 24 is a stereogram capillaceous of representing to be equipped with in advance fluid sensor.
Figure 25 is the summary construction diagram of the conditioner of variation 8.
Figure 26 is the block diagram of the structure of the expression fluid sensor that constitutes variation 9.
Figure 27 is the figure of structure of the refrigerant leakage detecting device of expression variation 10.
Figure 28 is that expression is disposed near the first sensor of refrigerant pipe and the figure of second sensor.
Figure 29 is the figure of structure of the refrigerant leakage detecting device of expression variation 11.
Figure 30 is the sequential chart of oscillator signal, first reset signal and second reset signal.
Figure 31 is the figure of structure of the refrigerant leakage detecting device of expression variation 12.
Figure 32 is the sequential chart of the very first time through signal, the second effluxion signal, startup (enable) signal and oscillator signal.
Figure 33 is the figure of structure of the refrigerant leakage detecting device of expression variation 13.
Figure 34 is the sequential chart of the signal of counting circuit about expression enabling signal and the input.
(symbol description)
1 conditioner (refrigerating plant)
8,208,209 fluid sensors
The 8a sensor main body
8d impedance measuring portion
8e leak judgement portion
8f signal efferent
9 impedance measuring instruments
10 refrigerant loops
81,82 electrodes
88 fluids keep body
89 flow-induced bodies
101 baskets
102,102a, 102b resettlement section
103a, 103b peristome
105 encapsulants
207,307,407 refrigerant leakage detecting devices
208 first sensors
209 second sensors
211 operational parts
212 test sections
213 first oscillating circuits
214 second oscillating circuits
Counting circuit about in the of 215
216 reset circuits
311 first reset circuits
312 second reset circuits
314 first counting circuits
315 second counting circuits
318 difference channels (Difference Calculation portion)
412 first timing circuits
413 second timing circuits
414EOR circuit (interval calculation portion)
417 counting circuits (interval calculation portion)
511 select circuit (selection portion, reset portion)
The specific embodiment
Below, the embodiment to fluid sensor of the present invention, refrigerant leakage detecting device, refrigerating plant and cold-producing medium leakage detection method describes with reference to the accompanying drawings.
(1) overall structure of conditioner
Fig. 1 is the summary construction diagram as the conditioner 1 of an embodiment of refrigerating plant of the present invention.Conditioner 1 is so-called split type conditioner, mainly comprises heat source unit 2, utilizes unit 4 and connects heat source unit 2 and the cold-producing medium communicating pipe 5,6 of utilizing unit 4, to constitute the refrigerant loop 10 of steam compression type.In addition, in refrigerant loop 10, enclose HC class cold-producing medium, carbon dioxide or ammonias etc. such as HFC class cold-producing medium, propane such as HCFC class cold-producing medium, R410A such as CFC class cold-producing medium, R22 such as R12 is arranged.
＜utilize the unit 〉
Utilize unit 4 for example to be arranged at the ceiling back side, ceiling surface, wall etc. of air conditioning chamber, what have the part that constitutes refrigerant loop 10 utilizes side refrigerant loop 10a.The above-mentioned side refrigerant loop 10a that utilizes mainly has the side of utilization heat exchanger 41.
Utilizing side heat exchanger 41 is to play the function of heater of cold-producing medium with the cooling room air, the time play the function of cooler of cold-producing medium with the heat exchanger of heating room air when heating running when cooling operation.Utilize an end of side heat exchanger 41 to be connected in for the first cold-producing medium communicating pipe 5, utilize the other end of side heat exchanger 41 to be connected in for the second cold-producing medium communicating pipe 6.As utilizing side heat exchanger 41, for example use by the fin tube type heat exchanger that constitutes at heat-transfer pipe and many fins of internal flow for cold-producing medium etc.
In the present embodiment, utilize unit 4 to have the crosswind of utilization fan 42, this utilizes crosswind fan 42 to be used for being drawn into room air in the unit and supplying with indoor after heat exchange, can make room air and the cold-producing medium that flows in utilizing side heat exchanger 41 carries out heat exchange.The above-mentioned crosswind fan 42 that utilizes is by utilizing crosswind fan motor 43 to drive.
In addition, utilize unit 4 to have the side of utilization control part 44, this utilizes 44 pairs of formations of side control part to utilize the action of the each several part of unit 4 to control.In addition, the microcomputer that utilizes side control part 44 to have to be provided with and memory etc. for the control that utilizes unit 4, thus can and be used for individual operation utilize the exchange of carrying out control signal etc. between the remote controller of unit 4 (not shown), can and heat source unit 2 between carry out the exchange of control signal etc.
＜heat source unit 〉
Heat source unit 2 for example is arranged at outside the air conditioning chamber, comprises the heat source side refrigerant loop 10b of a part that constitutes refrigerant loop 10.Above-mentioned heat source side refrigerant loop 10b mainly has compressor 21, four-way change-over valve 23, heat source side heat exchanger 24, expansion mechanism 25, first stop valve 26 and second stop valve 27.
Compressor 21 is the compressors that have in the function that low-pressure refrigerant gas is sucked, compresses and discharges after becoming high-pressure gas refrigerant.In the present embodiment, compressor 21 is the hermetic compressors that are built-in with air compressor motor 22 in the enclosure.In addition, for lubricating in the compressor 21, also enclosing in refrigerant loop 10 has refrigerator oil.
Four-way change-over valve 23 is the valves of effect of changement that play the flow direction of conversion cold-producing medium, when cooling operation, in order to make heat source side heat exchanger 24 play function at the cooler of the compressed cold-producing medium in compressor 21 places, and make the function of utilizing side heat exchanger 41 to play the heater of the cold-producing medium that is cooled at heat source side heat exchanger 24 places, the discharge side of compressor 21 can be connected with an end of heat source side heat exchanger 24, and the suction side of compressor 21 can be connected (with reference to the solid line of the four-way change-over valve 23 of Fig. 1) with second cold-producing medium communicating pipes 6 sides (i.e. second stop valve 27), when heating running, utilize side heat exchanger 41 to play function in order to make at the cooler of the compressed cold-producing medium in compressor 21 places, and make heat source side heat exchanger 24 play function at the heater of the cold-producing medium that utilizes side heat exchanger 41 places to be cooled, the discharge side of compressor 21 can be connected with second cold-producing medium communicating pipes 6 sides (i.e. second stop valve 27), and the suction side of compressor 21 can be connected (with reference to the dotted line of the four-way change-over valve 23 of Fig. 1) with an end of heat source side heat exchanger 24.
Heat source side heat exchanger 24 is to play when cooling operation outdoor air as the function of the cooler of the cold-producing medium of thermal source, play the heat exchanger of outdoor air as the function of the heater of the cold-producing medium of thermal source when heating running.One end of heat source side heat exchanger 24 is connected in four-way change-over valve 23, and the other end of heat source side heat exchanger 24 is connected in expansion mechanism 25.As heat source side heat exchanger 24, for example use by the fin tube type heat exchanger that constitutes at heat-transfer pipe and many fins of internal flow for cold-producing medium etc.
Expansion mechanism 25 is the mechanisms with the decompression of the cold-producing medium of high pressure, is in the present embodiment when cooling operation and the electric expansion valve that the cold-producing medium of high pressure reduced pressure when heating running.
First stop valve 26 and second stop valve 27 are valves of being located at outside equipment, connector that pipe arrangement (specifically being the first cold-producing medium communicating pipe 5 and the second cold-producing medium communicating pipe 6) is connected.First stop valve 26 is connected in expansion mechanism 25.Second stop valve 27 is connected in four-way change-over valve 23.
In the present embodiment, heat source unit 2 has heat source side fan 28, this heat source side fan 28 is used for being drawn into outdoor air in the unit and is discharged to outdoorly after heat exchange, can make outdoor air and the cold-producing medium that flows in heat source side heat exchanger 24 carries out heat exchange.Above-mentioned heat source side fan 28 is driven by heat source side fan motor 29.
In addition, heat source unit 2 has heat source side control part 30, and 30 pairs of actions that constitute the each several part of heat source unit 2 of this heat source side control part are controlled.In addition, heat source side control part 30 has the microcomputer that is provided with for the control of carrying out heat source unit 2 and memory etc., thereby can and utilize utilizing of unit 4 to carry out the exchange of control signal etc. between the side control part 44.Like this, by heat source side control part 30 with utilize side control part 44 the two constitutes the control part 7 that the action of the each several part of conditioner 1 is controlled.
(2) fluid sensor etc. is used to detect structure and the cold-producing medium leakage detection method that cold-producing medium leaks
In above-mentioned refrigerant loop 10, cold-producing medium may leak into the outside of refrigerant loop 10 from various device, pipe or the pipe joint that constitutes refrigerant loop 10.In addition, when cold-producing medium taking place leak, comparatively it is desirable to, not only cold-producing medium leaked and carry out suitable processing, can also specifically determine refrigerant loop 10 where the generation cold-producing medium leaks.
Therefore, in the conditioner 1 of present embodiment, in refrigerant loop 10, produce the higher part of possibility that cold-producing medium leaks or near fluid sensor 8 it, thereby adopt this fluid sensor 8, just can carry out the detection that the cold-producing medium from the refrigerant loop 10 of conditioner 1 leaks, comprise concrete cold-producing medium where the leaking from refrigerant loop 10 of determining.Below, adopt Fig. 1～Fig. 7 that fluid sensor 8 grades of present embodiment are used to detect the structure that cold-producing medium leaks and describe.At this, Fig. 2 is that expression is located at the figure that carries out the part of cold-producing medium leak detection or near the state it in the refrigerant loop 10 with the fluid sensor 8 of present embodiment.Fig. 3 is the figure that observes Fig. 2 from arrow I direction.Fig. 4 is near the stereogram of sensor main body 8a of the fluid sensor 8 of expression present embodiment.Fig. 5 is a stereogram of representing the impedance measuring instrument 9 that uses in the present embodiment.Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are the summary construction diagrams of impedance measuring circuit.
In the conditioner 1 of present embodiment, as taking place in the refrigerant loop 10, cold-producing medium leaks the higher part of possibility, mainly contain the soldering part everywhere that is present in refrigerant loop 10, the pipe joint that nut of the wide end (flare nut) connecting portion grades, therefore, as shown in Figure 1, near the pipe joint that first stop valve 26 was connected with the first cold-producing medium communicating pipe 5 or its, near the pipe joint that second stop valve 27 was connected with the second cold-producing medium communicating pipe 6 or its, dispose fluid sensor 8 respectively with the pipe joint that utilizes unit 4 to be connected or near it and near will utilizing pipe joint that unit 4 is connected with the second cold-producing medium communicating pipe 6 or its with the first cold-producing medium communicating pipe 5.In addition, in the present embodiment, fluid sensor 8 is disposed at above-mentioned four positions, but this is not limited, also fluid sensor 8 can be disposed at other parts of refrigerant loop 10.In addition, pipe, the pipe joint of formation refrigerant loop 10 are metal members such as copper.
Then, the concrete structure to the fluid sensor 8 of present embodiment describes.In addition, because the fluid sensor 8 that is disposed at above-mentioned four positions all is identical structures, therefore short of special qualification all can be operated as shared sensor fluid sensor 8 arbitrarily.
Fluid sensor 8 mainly has sensor main body 8a, electric wire 8b.Sensor main body 8a mainly has the electrode 81,82 that two devices spaced apart ground are provided with.Electrode 81,82 is respectively the tabular component of being made by conductive material, in the present embodiment, keeps the state at interval that separates each other by the shim member of being made by the electrical insulating property material 83.Like this, the sensor main body 8a in the present embodiment becomes flat structure.In addition, the conductive material as being used for electrode 81,82 comparatively it is desirable to the high materials of electric conductivity such as metal such as copper, iron, aluminium, but so long as has the material of electric conductivity and can both use.In addition, the electrical insulating property material as being used for shim member 83 comparatively it is desirable to the high materials of electrical insulating property such as synthetic resin, pottery, but so long as the high material of electrical insulating property can both use.
In addition, electrode 81,82 is connected with electric wire 8b, thereby can be connected in the impedance measuring instrument 9 (describing in the back) of measuring the impedance between two electrodes 81,82.In the present embodiment, electric wire 8b is made by the coaxial cable that an end is equipped with BNC type connector 84a.At the other end of electric wire 8b, the heart yearn 84b of coaxial cable is connected in electrode 82 by welding, and the shielding of coaxial cable (shield) line 84c is connected in electrode 81 by welding.At this, when carrying out being connected of shielding line 84c and electrode 81, comparatively it is desirable to as present embodiment, contact, heat-shrinkable tube 85 is wrapped in the part that ties shielding line 84c and makes its thermal contraction for fear of a part and heart yearn 84b, the electrode 82 of shielding line 84c.In addition,, as mentioned above, consider resistance characteristic with respect to wire length etc., comparatively it is desirable to use coaxial cable, but be not limited to coaxial cable, can also use various electric wires as electric wire 8b.In addition, the connector 84a that is installed on electric wire 8b is not limited to the connector of BNC type, according to kind of the terminal part of the impedance measuring instrument 9 that is connected etc., can also use various connectors such as M type, N type, F type, TNC type.In addition, the other end of electric wire 8b is not limited to welding with being connected of electrode 81,82, can also use various methods of attachment.
In the present embodiment, has the fluid sensor 8 of said structure so that sensor main body 8a approaches the state configuration of pipe joint (is nut coupling part, the wide end at this), electric wire 8b is fixed in refrigerant pipe by the fixed component 86 that is formed by band, adhesive plaster etc., to keep the above-mentioned configuration of fluid sensor 8.At this, because sensor main body 8a is flat structure, so the compact dimensions of fluid sensor 8, processing ease, thereby can be easily install with the state of the part that approaches to carry out the cold-producing medium leak detection.In addition, as the time that these fluid sensors 8 are set, when conditioner 1 is when newly establishing, can expect when factory's shipment, being located in advance the heat source unit 2 that constitutes conditioner 1, utilize unit 4 etc., heat source unit 2 perhaps is installed at the scene, is provided with when utilizing unit 4 etc., and when conditioner 1 be established do not detect the air regulator of cold-producing medium leakage function the time, can expect when safeguarding etc. being provided with by installing additional.
In addition, in the conditioner 1 that is provided with above-mentioned fluid sensor 8, by impedance measuring instrument 9 is connected in fluid sensor 8, and measure impedance between two electrodes 81,82 of sensor main body 8a of fluid sensor 8, thereby the cold-producing medium that detects from the refrigerant loop 10 of conditioner 1 leaks.
At this, at first the principle of utilizing impedance measuring to carry out the detection of cold-producing medium leakage is described.As mentioned above, if the sensor main body 8a of fluid sensor 8 is located near the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the refrigerant loop 10 or its in advance, to measure the impedance between two electrodes 81,82, then owing to the cold-producing medium of the space S between two electrodes 81,82 of inflow or the influence of leaking the fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium, when not producing cold-producing medium and leak, the impedance meeting changed when refrigerant loop 10 produced cold-producing mediums and leaks.At this, the dew that " leaking the fluid occur because of cold-producing medium " be meant the refrigerator oil that leaks with cold-producing medium, produce because of the leakage of cold-producing medium etc.In addition, variation based on this impedance, can carry out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks, comprise and determine specifically producing cold-producing medium in the part that is provided with sensor main body 8a leaks, promptly specifically determines cold-producing medium where leaking from the refrigerant loop 10 of conditioner 1.In addition, flow into two electrodes 81 in order to make, the cold-producing medium of the space S between 82 or the influence of leaking the fluid occur because of cold-producing medium become obvious, comparatively it is desirable to, as shown in Figure 2, fluid sensor 8 is disposed at the downside of the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection, so that the fluid of refrigerator wet goods liquid state is easy to flow into two electrodes 81, space S between 82, perhaps as shown in Figures 2 and 3, comprise the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection and the part of fluid sensor 8 with coverings such as films 87, so that cold-producing medium or be easy to be stranded in two electrodes 81 because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid that occurs, space S between 82.
Then, the impedance measuring instrument 9 of measuring the impedance between two electrodes 81,82 is described.As impedance measuring instrument 9, existence obtain based on the voltage that determination object is applied and the electric current that flows through determination object impedance the mensuration mode impedance measuring instrument and obtain the impedance measuring instrument of mensuration mode of the impedance (is impedance between two electrodes 81,82 at this) of determination object based on the element of known impedance, impedance measuring circuit shown in Figure 6 is the impedance measuring instrument that is called the LCR measuring instrument corresponding to last mensuration mode, and impedance measuring circuit shown in Figure 7 is the impedance measuring instrument that is called bridge circuit of measuring mode corresponding to back one.
At first, impedance measuring circuit with the LCR measuring instrument is described, above-mentioned impedance measuring circuit mainly has power supply 91, feedback resistance Rs, operational amplifier 92 and detector 93, by being connected with impedance Z X (is sensor main body 8a at this), thereby constitute the circuit that is called self-balancing bridge circuit.In addition, in above-mentioned impedance measuring circuit, when power supply 91 applies voltage, because operational amplifier 92 minus sides are connected in the P point between impedance Z X and the feedback resistance RS, therefore by degenerative effect, the voltage that P is ordered is in zero all the time, and in addition, the electric current that flows through impedance Z X from power supply 91 all flows into feedback resistance RS.Like this, because the voltage of impedance Z X is identical with the voltage of power supply 91, and the output voltage of operational amplifier 92 can be used as electric current and the amassing of feedback resistance RS of flowing through impedance Z X and obtains, therefore by detecting two voltages with detector 93, ratio to two voltages adopts the long-pending of feedback resistance RS, thereby can obtain impedance Z X.
Then, the impedance measuring circuit with bridge circuit is described, above-mentioned impedance measuring circuit mainly has impedance Z 1, Z2, Z3, detector 94 and power supply 95, by being connected with impedance Z X (is sensor main body 8a at this), thereby constitutes bridge circuit.In addition, in above-mentioned impedance measuring circuit, by applying voltage, and adjust impedance Z 1, Z2, Z3, can obtain the impedance Z X of sensor main body 8a so that detector 94 is output as zero from power supply 95.
In addition, adopt above-mentioned impedance measuring instrument 9, can carry out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks as described below, at first, (for example in refrigerant loop 10, do not take place under the state that cold-producing medium leaks, after just conditioner 1 being installed or after fluid sensor 8 just has been set), fluid sensor 8 is connected in impedance measuring instrument 9, be determined at the impedance Z X under the state that the cold-producing medium leakage does not take place the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the refrigerant loop 10.In addition, through after specified time limit, once more fluid sensor 8 is connected in impedance measuring instrument 9, measure impedance Z X, not taking place to measure the impedance Z X that obtains under the state that cold-producing medium leaks with the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in refrigerant loop 10 compares, when taking place to surpass the variation of threshold value, cold-producing medium takes place and leaks in judgement in refrigerant loop 10, and be judged to be and take place near the part that disposes fluid sensor 8 that place that cold-producing medium leaks is a determination object or its, when in all fluid sensors 8, all surpassing the variation of threshold value, be judged to be the cold-producing medium leakage does not take place in refrigerant loop 10 less than generation.In addition, as impedance measuring instrument 9, LCR measuring instrument and bridge circuit all can use, but with measure the precision height, management with adjust the bridge circuit that shows trouble slightly and compare, small-sized and LCR measuring instrument that be easy to carry is more favourable.Particularly as present embodiment, for fluid sensor 8 only is installed, and when carrying out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks, connect the situation of impedance measuring instrument 9 in conditioner 1, small-sized and LCR measuring instrument that be easy to carry is comparatively favourable.
By this, in the fluid sensor 8 of present embodiment, based on the impedance variations between two electrodes 81,82 of sensor main body 8a, can carry out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks, comprise and determine specifically to produce that cold-producing medium leaks, i.e. concrete definite cold-producing medium where leaking from the refrigerant loop 10 of conditioner 1 in the part that is provided with sensor main body 8a.Especially, in the conditioner 1 of present embodiment, because fluid sensor 8 is located near the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the refrigerant loop 10 or its, therefore when carrying out the detection of cold-producing medium leakage, by impedance measuring instrument 9 is connected in fluid sensor 8, just can carry out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks, comprise specifically determine to leak at the part generation cold-producing medium that is provided with sensor main body 8a, i.e. concrete definite cold-producing medium where leaking from the refrigerant loop 10 of conditioner 1.In addition, even conditioner 1 is the conditioner of having established that does not have detection cold-producing medium leakage function, as long as install fluid sensor 8 additional, by being connected, just can carry out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks with impedance measuring instrument 9.
(3) variation 1
In the above-described embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, owing to just between two electrodes 81,82 of the formation sensor main body 8a of fluid sensor 8, be formed with gap S, the fluid that is difficult to make cold-producing medium or occurs because of the cold-producing medium leakage in the S of this gap is stranded between two electrodes 81,82 on one's own initiative, therefore, for example when leakage rate is trace, may have to detect the situation that cold-producing medium leaks.
Therefore, in the fluid sensor 8 of this variation, as shown in Figure 8, the fluid that is provided for keeping cold-producing medium among the gap S between two electrodes 81,82 or leaks the fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium keeps body 88, thereby will flow into the cold-producing medium between two electrodes 81,82 or leak the fluid maintenance that occurs, lodge in fluid maintenance body 88 because of cold-producing medium.
For example, when desire on one's own initiative remains in two electrodes 81,82 between as the fluid that occurs because of the cold-producing medium leakage refrigerator oil, use paper to keep body 88, keep body 88 to keep, accumulate by making the refrigerator oil that flows between two electrodes 81,82 infiltrate fluid as fluid.At this, if use paper to keep body 88 as fluid, then because lipophile Gao Erneng keeps refrigerator oil effectively, in addition because even refrigerator oil infiltrates the reduction that also is difficult for swelling takes place and can prevents capacitance, and by using the high paper of repellency, can also prevent that the dew that the leakage because of cold-producing medium produces from infiltrating paper, thereby can suppress the influence that dew brings.In addition, when desire will remain in two electrodes 81 as the fluid that occurs because of the cold-producing medium leakage on one's own initiative because of cold-producing medium leaks the dew that the ambient air cooling is produced, in the time of between 82, different with the situation of refrigerator oil, by using the hydrophily height, even dew infiltrates the fluid that the paper that also is difficult for taking place swelling etc. makes and keeps body 88 in addition, can effectively keep dew, prevent the reduction of the capacitance that the infiltration because of refrigerator oil causes, and scold the high paper of oiliness etc. by use, can prevent that the refrigerator oil that the leakage because of cold-producing medium produces from infiltrating paper, thus the influence that can freezing-inhibiting machine oil be brought.In addition, when desire remains in cold-producing medium between two electrodes 81,82 on one's own initiative, for example can use the sorbing material (for example zeolite etc.) of absorption refrigeration agent to keep body 88 or use sorbing material with the absorption refrigeration agent to be carried on to be used as fluid on the paper to keep body 88 as fluid.In addition, when the sorbing material of use absorption refrigeration agent or the paper of carrying sorbing material etc. keep body 88 as fluid, comparatively it is desirable to, adopt the high sorbing material of selectivity for the cold-producing medium that in conditioner 1, uses.In addition, keep body 88 as fluid, except paper, can also use porous bodies such as cloth, resin, pottery, crystalline solid, film body etc., but when mainly carrying out the detection of cold-producing medium leakage according to the influence that refrigerator oil brought, consider raw-material cost and processability etc., comparatively it is desirable to use paper.
By this, in the fluid sensor 8 and conditioner 1 of this variation,, also can easily detect cold-producing medium and leak, thereby can improve the accuracy of detection that cold-producing medium leaks even leakage rate is when trace.In addition, when using paper to keep body 88 as fluid, owing to can keep the paper of body 88 to keep, accumulate by the refrigerator oil that also is difficult for evaporation, diffusion after leakage is infiltrated as fluid, therefore compare with making the situation that evaporate easily the leakage back, the cold-producing medium of diffusion remains in fluid maintenance body 88, the vestige that cold-producing medium leaks can be captured reliably, the accuracy of detection that cold-producing medium leaks can be improved by this.
(4) variation 2
In above-mentioned embodiment and variation 1 thereof, as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, the sensor main body 8a of fluid sensor 8 is located at the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the refrigerant loop 10, but it is according to circumstances different, though be in refrigerant loop 10, carry out the cold-producing medium leak detection part near, need that also sensor main body 8a is left the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the refrigerant loop 10 and dispose.
In this case, can be provided with cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the flow-induced device 89 that the fluid occurs carries out the cold-producing medium leak detection from refrigerant loop 10 part is directed to sensor main body 8a, so that cold-producing medium or the fluid that occurs because of the cold-producing medium leakage are directed between two electrodes 81,82 on one's own initiative.
For example, if the fluid sensor 8 with variation 1 is an example, as shown in Figure 9, can expect making the gap S (this is fluid keep body 88) of an end between two electrodes 81,82 of flow-induced body 89, and the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the other end that makes flow-induced body 89 and the refrigerant loop 10 contacts.At this, as flow-induced body 89, keep body 88 the same with fluid, can use porous bodies such as paper, cloth, resin, pottery, crystalline solid, film body etc., use the raw material of the fluid adaptation that occurs with the cold-producing medium of wanting to be induced to the gap S between two electrodes 81,82 or because of the cold-producing medium leakage.In addition, the structure of this set flow-induced body 89 can be applicable to that also the gap S between two electrodes 81,82 shown in Figure 4 is not provided with the sensor main body 8a that fluid keeps body 88.
By this, in the fluid sensor 8 of this variation, even sensor main body 8a need be left the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the refrigerant loop 10 disposes, also can be directed between two electrodes 81,82, therefore can improve the accuracy of detection that cold-producing medium leaks with cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid that occurs.
(5) variation 3
In above-mentioned embodiment and variation 1 thereof, variation 2, as Fig. 2～Fig. 4, Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9, sensor main body 8a adopts flat structure, but also can be sensor main body 8a can be mounted to surround the pipe that constitutes refrigerant loop 10 or the structure of pipe joint.
For example, the sensor main body 8a of the fluid sensor 8 of image pattern 10, this variation shown in Figure 11 can expect the sensor main body 8a that fluid keeps body 88 to be located at the gap S between two electrodes 81,82 is mounted to and surrounds pipe like this.In addition, this sensor main body 8a also can be mounted to and surround pipe joint rather than pipe.
By this, in the fluid sensor 8 of this variation, owing to making cold-producing medium or flowing into effectively between two electrodes 81,82 because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid that occurs, therefore can capture the vestige that cold-producing medium leaks reliably, can improve the accuracy of detection that cold-producing medium leaks by this.
(6) variation 4
In above-mentioned embodiment and variation 1～variation 3 thereof, as Fig. 4, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, shown in Figure 11, owing to use the electrode 81,82 of the single layer structure only be provided with a gap S who forms by electrode 81 and electrode 82, therefore the capacitance that can expect having sensor main body 8a is little, the inadequate situation of accuracy of detection that cold-producing medium leaks.
Therefore, in the fluid sensor 8 of this variation, use the electrode 81,82 of the sandwich construction be provided with a plurality of gaps that form by electrode 81 and electrode 82.
For example, as shown in figure 12, can expect keeping body 88 to form band shape electrode 81, electrode 82 and two fluids in advance, and will keep the electrode 82 of body 88 to turn back for several times by overlapping fluid on the two sides of electrode 82, and electrode 81 turned back for several times electrode 81 with respect to overlapping fluid keeps the electrode 82 of body 88 to assemble from orthogonal direction on the two sides of electrode 82, after electric wire 8b is connected in electrode 81,82 by welding etc. (not shown in Figure 12), to encase heat-shrinkable tube 90 and to make the state of its thermal contraction constitute flat sensor main body 8a.In addition, can expect as shown in figure 13, press electrode 81, fluid maintenance body 88 (promptly, gap S), electrode 82, fluid keep body 88 (promptly, gap S) ... order each member is repeatedly overlapping, and after electrode 81 being connected to each other and electrode 82 is connected to each other, by being waited with welding, electric wire 8b is connected in electrode 81,82 (not shown in Figure 13), to constitute flat sensor main body 8a.In addition, can expect as shown in figure 14 that the order of making by electrode 81, fluid maintenance body 88 (that is gap S), electrode 82, fluid maintenance body 88 (that is gap S) is mounted to each member the structure that repeatedly surrounds refrigerant pipe.In addition, the same with above-mentioned embodiment and variation 1～variation 3 thereof even in these cases, the structure that has with the paired two kinds of electrodes 81,82 of electric means does not change yet.
By this, in the fluid sensor 8 of this variation,, therefore can increase the capacitance of sensor main body 8a, can improve the accuracy of detection that cold-producing medium leaks by this owing to use the electrode 81,82 of sandwich construction.
(7) variation 5
In above-mentioned variation 1～variation 4, shown in Fig. 8,9,11～14, exemplified by the gap S between two electrodes 81,82 that fluid kept body 88 be located at constituting sensor main body 8a, thereby will flow into the cold-producing medium between two electrodes 81,82 or leak the fluid maintenance that occurs, the structure that lodges in fluid maintenance body 88 because of cold-producing medium.
But, when thereby desire improves the accuracy of detection of cold-producing medium leakage by the detection of carrying out cold-producing medium based on cold-producing medium or the variation of leaking the caused impedance of fluid specific in the fluid occurs because of cold-producing medium and leaking, comparatively it is desirable to prevent as possible to leak fluid beyond the particular fluid that occurs etc. and flow between two electrodes 81,82, thereby cause cold-producing medium or leak the particular fluid fluid in addition that occurs etc. because of cold-producing medium being held in situations such as fluid maintenance body 88 owing to cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium.Particularly distortion of image example 2 is such, be directed to two electrodes 81 by flow-induced body 89 being located at sensor main body 8a on one's own initiative with cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid that occurs, during structure between 82, there is electrode 81,82 and fluid keep body 88 to be configured in the situation in the place of leaving the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection, leak two electrodes 81 of easy inflow such as particular fluid fluid in addition that occur owing to cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium, between 82, therefore even more ideal is, prevents from cold-producing medium or leak fluid beyond the particular fluid that occurs etc. because of cold-producing medium to be held in situations such as fluid maintenance body 88.
Therefore, in this variation, by fluid being kept body 88 and electrode 81, the basket 101 that 82 usefulness constitute sensor main body 8a covers, prevent from cold-producing medium as possible or leak fluid beyond the particular fluid occurs etc. because of cold-producing medium to be held in situations such as fluid maintenance body 88, and be directed to two electrodes 81 by in basket 101, outside basket 101, being provided with highlightedly with cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid that occurs, flow-induced body 89 between 82, or being directed in the basket 101 and maintenance with cold-producing medium because of cold-producing medium leaks the particular fluid that occurs, lodge in fluid and keep body 88, thereby realize the further lifting of the accuracy of detection that cold-producing medium leaks.
For example, being example as the situation of leaking the fluid occur because of cold-producing medium with refrigerator oil, as Figure 15～shown in Figure 17, electrode 81 with sandwich construction, 82 and fluid keep body 88 to be contained in resettlement section 102a, in the 102b, this resettlement section 102a, 102b is formed at the basket 101 that can install in the mode that surrounds the pipe that constitutes refrigerant loop 10, and by with resettlement section 102a, the peristome 103a that 102b is communicated with, 103b (in addition, Figure 17 only represents the longitudinal section of cylindrical portion 101a and does not represent cylindrical portion 101b, but because cylindrical portion 101b has the longitudinal section identical with cylindrical portion 101a, the each several parts such as peristome 103b that therefore are formed at cylindrical portion 101b have and the identical shapes such as peristome 103a that are formed at cylindrical portion 101a) can make flow-induced body 89 outstanding outside basket 101.Below, when the structure of explanation sensor main body 8a and basket 101, be installed under the state that surrounds the pipe that constitutes refrigerant loop 10 at sensor 8a, the cross section (Figure 16) of sensor main body 8a (or basket 101) so that refrigerant pipe is cut into disk is as cross section, with the cross section (Figure 17) of the sensor main body 8a (or basket 101) that refrigerant pipe is endways when cutting as the longitudinal section.
Basket 101 has two cross sections and is approximate meniscate cylindrical portion 101a, 101b.At this, cylindrical portion 101a, 101b are made by the raw material that synthetic resin etc. has electrical insulating property.Be formed with its cross section in each cylindrical portion 101a, 101b and be approximate meniscate resettlement section 102a, 102b.In addition, in each resettlement section 102a, 102b, fluid keeps body 88 and electrode 81,82 with radially accommodating by the overlapping state of order multilayer of electrode 81, fluid maintenance body 88, electrode 82, fluid maintenance body 88, electrode 81, fluid maintenance body 88, electrode 82 along refrigerant pipe.At this, electrode 81,82 is the same with above-mentioned embodiment and variation thereof, and the raw material that had electric conductivity by metals such as copper, iron, aluminium etc. are made.In addition, fluid keeps body 88 the same with above-mentioned embodiment and variation thereof, is made by the raw material that lipophilies such as paper are high.
In addition, one of the pipe range direction of each resettlement section 102a, 102b distolateral outside each cylindrical portion 101a, 101b opening.The aperture area when the pipe range direction is observed of one distolateral opening of the pipe range direction of each resettlement section 102a, 102b is made size that big activation inserts the parts after keeping body 88 and electrode 82 multilayers overlapping electrode 81, the fluid (with reference to Figure 17, in addition, Figure 17 only represents the longitudinal section of cylindrical portion 101a, but cylindrical portion 101b also has the longitudinal section identical with cylindrical portion 101a).In addition, the lead of electrode 81,82 is pulled out outside cylindrical portion 101a, 101b by a distolateral opening of the pipe range direction of each resettlement section 102a, 102b, is connected (with reference to Figure 17) with electric wire 8b.In addition, the state that one distolateral opening of the pipe range direction of each resettlement section 102a, 102b is pulled out outside cylindrical portion 101a, 101b with the lead of electrode 81,82, by encapsulant 104 landfill gaps, thereby can help to suppress cold-producing medium or leak intrusion resettlement section 102a, the 102b such as particular fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) fluid in addition that occurs because of cold-producing medium.At this, encapsulant 104 is made by the raw material that silicone resin etc. has electrical insulating property.
In addition, each cylindrical portion 101a, 101b are formed with peristome 103a, the 103b that is communicated with each resettlement section 102a, 102b.Each peristome 103a, 103b are configured to another the distolateral open communication with the pipe range direction of each resettlement section 102a, 102b.The aperture area of open area ratio each resettlement section 102a, the 102b when the pipe range direction is observed of each peristome 103a, 103b is little.That is, the reduced one-tenth opening size of each peristome 103a, 103b is littler than the opening size of each resettlement section 102a, 102b of covering fluid maintenance body 88 and electrode 81,82.In addition, give prominence to outside cylindrical portion 101a, 101b by peristome 103a, 103b from each resettlement section 102a, 102b with cold-producing medium or as the flow-induced body 89 that the refrigerator oil that leaks the particular fluid occurs because of cold-producing medium is directed to (being that fluid keeps body 88) between the electrode 81,82 in resettlement section 102a, the 102b.That is, basket 101 is formed with and is used to make flow-induced body 89 from basket 101 interior peristome 103a, 103b outstanding outside basket 101.At this, flow-induced body 89 keeps body 88 the same with fluid, is made by the raw material that lipophilies such as paper are high.But, because flow-induced body 89 has the part that exposes outside towards basket 101, therefore comparatively it is desirable to adopt with the fluid that is covered in resettlement section 102a, 102b keep body 88 to compare, with respect to the high raw material of the selectivity of refrigerator oil.Therefore, as flow-induced body 89, comparatively it is desirable to the raw material that use repellency high.As mentioned above, by will be used to make flow-induced body 89 in the basket 101 towards basket 101 outside the opening size of outstanding peristome 103a, 103b be set as than covering fluid and keep the opening size of resettlement section 102a, 102b of body 88 and electrode 81,82 little, thereby can suppress cold-producing medium or leak intrusion resettlement section 102a, the 102b such as particular fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) fluid (for example dew) in addition that occurs because of cold-producing medium.In addition, each peristome 103a, 103b are provided with encapsulant 105, sealing material 105 under flow-induced body 89 state outstanding from each peristome 103a, 103b, the gap between landfill each peristome 103a, 103b and the flow-induced body 89.By this, can help to suppress cold-producing medium or leak intrusion resettlement section 102a, the 102b such as particular fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) fluid (for example dew) in addition that occurs because of cold-producing medium.At this, encapsulant 105 is made by the raw material that silicone resin etc. has electrical insulating property.In addition, extend to a certain extent by length, thereby can capture reliably from detecting the cold-producing medium that leaks at position (is nut part of the wide end Figure 15 at this) or leaking the particular fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) that occurs because of cold-producing medium with the part that exposes outside towards basket 101 of flow-induced body 89.In addition, because flow-induced body 89 is formed with a plurality of otch 89a (with reference to Figure 15) towards the pipe range direction, therefore be out of shape according to the shape that detects position (is nut part of the wide end among Figure 15 at this) easily, thereby further be easy to capture from detecting the cold-producing medium that leaks at the position or leaking the particular fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) that occurs because of cold-producing medium.In addition, between cylindrical portion 101a, 101b, each end of cross section links by the 101c of hinge portion each other, is fulcrum with the 101c of hinge portion, and each other end of cross section can be relatively moved along arrow A direction (with reference to Figure 16) each other.At this,, can will utilize the 101c of hinge portion of morphotropism of synthetic resin integrally formed with cylindrical portion 101a, 101b as cylindrical portion 101a, 101b when being plastic.In addition, each other end of the cross section of cylindrical portion 101a, 101b each other can be by the ground fastening of the 101d of fastening portion disassembled and assembled freely, by this can be with the ground fastening of sensor main body 8a disassembled and assembled freely in the pipe or the pipe joint that constitute refrigerant loop 10.Therefore, carry out the operation of the installation and removal of fluid sensor 8 easily.At this, as the 101d of fastening portion, can adopt can claw 101e, 101f (with reference to Figure 16) etc., this claw 101e, 101f can make the other end of each cylindrical portion 101a, 101b in the cross section can ground disconnected from each other fastening.In addition, as cylindrical portion 101a, 101b when being plastic, can the 101d of fastening portion (being claw 101e, 101f in Figure 16) is integrally formed with cylindrical portion 101a, 101b.In addition, in above-mentioned fluid sensor 8, the distolateral opening of pipe range direction of resettlement section 102a, 102b that constitutes each cylindrical portion 101a, 101b of basket 101 is covered (with reference to Figure 17) by encapsulant 104, but lid member 106a, the 106b of another distolateral opening of pipe range direction that also can be by covering resettlement section 102a, 102b cover (with reference to Figure 18, in addition, Figure 18 only represents the longitudinal section of cylindrical portion 101a and lid member 106a, but cylindrical portion 101b also has and cylindrical portion 101a and the identical longitudinal section of lid member 106a with lid member 106b).Even this moment, insert the size that electrode 81, fluid is kept the overlapping member of body 88 and electrode 82 multilayers by a distolateral opening of the pipe range direction of resettlement section 102a, 102b being made in advance big activation, also fluid can be kept body 88 and electrode 81,82 easily to insert each resettlement section 102a, 102b.In addition, as each cylindrical portion 101a, 101b, it will also be appreciated that the distolateral cylindrical portion that do not have opening of use in the pipe range direction of resettlement section 102a, 102b.For example, also can be at resettlement section 102a, another of the pipe range direction of 102b is distolateral to be provided with the big activation insertion of size with electrode 81, the opening of the member that fluid maintaining part 88 and electrode 82 multilayers are overlapping, fluid is being kept body 88 and electrode 81,82 insert each resettlement section 102a, after the 102b, by using wedge member 107a, 107b covers resettlement section 102a, the part of another distolateral opening of the pipe range direction of 102b, thereby form than resettlement section 102a, the peristome 103a that the opening size of 102b is little, 103b is (with reference to Figure 19, in addition, Figure 19 only represents the longitudinal section of cylindrical portion 101a and wedge member 107a, but cylindrical portion 101b also has the longitudinal section identical with wedge member 107a with cylindrical portion 101a with wedge member 107b).In addition, in this variation, the outer shape of basket 101 is approximate circle columns, but this is not limited, and also can be flat column.In addition, the spatial form of resettlement section 102a, 102b also is not limited to circular-arc, can also be other shapes.
(8) variation 6
In above-mentioned variation 5, it is meniscate cylindrical portion 101a that employing has two cross sections, the basket 101 of 101b surrounds the refrigerant pipe that constitutes refrigerant loop 10, but also can be as Figure 20～shown in Figure 22, adopt following structure: have plastic basket 101, this plastic basket 101 mainly has approximate banded strap 108 and the space formation portion 109 that is formed with a plurality of L word shapes or U word shape along the long axis direction of strap 108, form a plurality of covering fluids by a plurality of space formation portions 109 and strap 108 and keep body 88 and electrode 81,82 resettlement section 102, make flow-induced body 89 outstanding, strap 108 is mounted to along the bending of arrow B direction surrounds the pipe that constitutes refrigerant loop 10 from the short-axis direction of strap 108.
Because in this variation, the same with variation 5, also can prevent from cold-producing medium as possible or leak fluid beyond the particular fluid occurs etc. because of cold-producing medium to be held in situations such as fluid maintenance body 88, and be directed in the basket 101 and keep, lodge in fluid and keep body 88 with cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the particular fluid occurs, therefore can realize the further lifting of the accuracy of detection of cold-producing medium leakage.And, in the structure of variation 5, basic, need prepare fluid sensor 8 according to the caliber of refrigerant pipe, but in the structure of this variation, owing to be by strap 108 volume is affixed on the structure that refrigerant pipe is installed, therefore can be than the structure of variation 5 big or small corresponding with the caliber of refrigerant pipe more neatly.In addition,, be formed at strap 108, the operation lifting in the time of making volume be affixed on refrigerant pipe by thinner wall section 108a with wall thickness reduction as Figure 20～shown in Figure 22.In addition, in this variation, the same with variation 5, also can the 101d of fastening portion that be made of claw 101e, 101f etc. be set at the long axis direction two ends of strap 108, thereby with pipe or the pipe joint of basket 101 disassembled and assembled freely ground fastenings in formation refrigerant loop 10.
(9) variation 7
In above-mentioned embodiment and variation 1～variation 6 thereof, as shown in Figure 1, near the pipe joint that first stop valve 26 was connected with the first cold-producing medium communicating pipe 5 or its, near the pipe joint that second stop valve 27 was connected with the second cold-producing medium communicating pipe 6 or its, with near the pipe joint that utilizes unit 4 to be connected or its with the first cold-producing medium communicating pipe 5, with near the fluid sensor 8 respectively pipe joint that utilizes unit 4 to be connected or its with the second cold-producing medium communicating pipe 6, but except these parts, it will also be appreciated that at pressure sensor, fluid sensor 8 is installed on the refrigerant loop component parts of capillary and so on.
At this moment, junction surface for pressure sensor and refrigerant pipe, the higher part of possibility that the generation cold-producing medium at junction surface of capillary and refrigerant pipe and so on leaks, can not with pressure sensor, capillary makes fluid sensor 8 be disposed at refrigerant loop 10 after being installed on refrigerant loop 10, but as Figure 23 and shown in Figure 24, prepare the pressure sensor that is attached with fluid sensor 8 at junction surface in advance with each refrigerant pipe, refrigerant loop component parts such as capillary, with pressure sensor, when refrigerant loop component parts such as capillary are installed on refrigerant loop 10, make fluid sensor 8 be disposed at refrigerant loop 10.
By this, compare, be difficult for the deviation of the installation exercise of generation fluid sensor 8, thereby can help the lifting of accuracy of detection with the situation that fluid sensor 8 is installed after pressure sensor, capillary are installed on refrigerant loop 10.
(10) variation 8
In above-mentioned embodiment and variation 1～variation 7 thereof, as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 5,1 of conditioner is provided with fluid sensor 8, when carrying out the detection of cold-producing medium leakage, fluid sensor 8 is connected in impedance measuring instrument 9, but also can be as shown in figure 25, (promptly with the impedance measuring instrument 9 that is connected in fluid sensor 8, as Fig. 6, impedance measuring circuit shown in Figure 7) be located at control part 7 (that is, utilizing side control part 4, heat source side control part 30).
By this, in the conditioner 1 of this variation, owing to comprise the impedance measuring instrument 9 that is connected in fluid sensor 8, therefore when carrying out the detection of cold-producing medium leakage, do not need to carry out being connected of impedance measuring instrument 9 and fluid sensor 8.In addition, owing to can easily make the result of cold-producing medium leak detection be stored in processing such as utilizing side control part 44, heat source side control part 30 in advance, therefore help the lifting of the accuracy of detection of cold-producing medium leakage.And, also can carry out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks all the time.
(11) variation 9
In above-mentioned embodiment and variation 1～variation 7 thereof, because fluid sensor 8 is connected in outside impedance measuring instrument 9 (with reference to Fig. 5), therefore when carrying out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks, need carry out the operation that is connected of impedance measuring instrument 9 and fluid sensor 8.In addition, variation 8 is not easy to be applied in not having in the refrigerating plants such as conditioner that detect the cold-producing medium leakage function of having established.
Therefore, in this variation, the sensor main body 8a of fluid sensor 8 has: the 8c of impedance detection portion, the 8c of this impedance detection portion detect the variation of the impedance of electrode 81,82 of above-mentioned embodiment and variation 1～variation 7 thereof etc.; The 8d of impedance measuring portion, the 8d of this impedance measuring portion have the function of the impedance measuring instrument 9 of measuring the impedance between two electrodes 81,82; The 8e of leak judgement portion, the 8e of this leak judgement portion carry out the judgement of leaking about cold-producing medium based on the resistance value that is determined by the 8d of impedance measuring portion (more specifically, comparing with threshold value); And signal efferent 8f, this signal efferent 8f will output to external equipment by the result of determination of leaking about cold-producing medium that the 8e of leak judgement portion obtains.At this, as external equipment, utilize unit 4, heat source unit 2, abnormality alarm equipment and network access device etc., according to these external equipments, can adopt wired output such as analog signal with electric current, voltage, with electric wave signal etc. with modes such as wireless outputs.
In this variation, different with above-mentioned embodiment and variation 1～variation 7 thereof, when carrying out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks, do not need to carry out being connected of impedance measuring instrument 9 and fluid sensor 8.In addition, compare with the situation that impedance measuring instrument 9 is located at refrigerating plants such as conditioner that the situation that is connected in outside impedance measuring instrument 9, above-mentioned variation 8 are such, because the 8c of impedance detection portion of electrode 81,82 etc. and the distance of the 8d of impedance measuring portion shorten, therefore help the lifting of the accuracy of detection of cold-producing medium leakage.And, owing to also have 8e of leak judgement portion and signal efferent 8f, therefore can utilize the input terminal of the control part of the refrigerating plants of having established such as conditioner, even the refrigerating plants of having established by this such as conditioner that do not have the function that detects the cold-producing medium leakage, only need install fluid sensor 8 additional, just can carry out the detection that cold-producing medium leaks.
(12) variation 10
In above-mentioned embodiment and variation 1～variation 9 thereof, in refrigerant loop 10, produce the higher part of possibility that cold-producing medium leaks or near fluid sensor 8 it, thereby adopt this fluid sensor 8, just can carry out the detection that the cold-producing medium from the refrigerant loop 10 of conditioner 1 leaks, comprise concrete cold-producing medium where the leaking from refrigerant loop 10 of determining.
But, as the principal element that the impedance (or static capacity) of fluid sensor 8 changes, leak the fluid that occurs except cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium, humidity (that is water vapour), temperature are also for example arranged, wear out.Therefore, in refrigerant loop 10, carry out near the part of cold-producing medium leak detection or its above-mentioned fluid sensor 8 only being set, may comprise the influence that the principal element of leaking other static capacities variations outside the fluid that occurs based on cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium is brought.
Therefore, in this variation, adopt refrigerant leakage detecting device 207, this refrigerant leakage detecting device 207 has following two fluid sensors: the fluid sensor of above-mentioned embodiment and variation 1～variation 7 thereof is held in first sensor 208 between two electrodes 281,282 as cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid that occurs; And except this first sensor 208, cold-producing medium or be not held in second sensor 209 between two electrodes 81,82 because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid occur, come the computing cold-producing medium or, detect the cold-producing medium leakage from first difference between the output of the output of first sensor 208 and second sensor 209 by this static capacity variable quantity because of cold-producing medium leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid that occurs.Below, adopt Figure 27 and Figure 28 etc. that the refrigerant leakage detecting device 207 of this variation is described.
The refrigerant leakage detecting device 207 of this variation mainly comprises: first sensor 208; Second sensor 209; First oscillating circuit 213; Second oscillating circuit 214; Counting circuit 215 up and down; Reset circuit 216; Operational part 211; And test section 212.
First sensor 208 is the same with the fluid sensor of above-mentioned embodiment and variation thereof with second sensor 209, is disposed near the pipe joint of refrigerant loop 10 or its.In this variation, first sensor 208 is identical with the fluid sensor of above-mentioned embodiment with second sensor 209, adopts flat structure (with reference to Fig. 4).That is, the first fluid sensor 208 and second fluid sensor 209 all have the electrode 81,82 that two devices spaced apart ground are provided with.Electrode 81,82 is respectively the tabular component of being made by conductive material, in the present embodiment, keeps the state at interval that separates each other by the shim member of being made by the electrical insulating property material 83.In addition, the fluid sensor of first sensor 208 and above-mentioned embodiment 8 is the same to be covered with films 87, and the part of the distribution that extends from first sensor 208 is fixed in refrigerant piping by the fixed component 86 that is made of band, adhesive plaster etc.On the other hand, second sensor 209 is disposed near the first sensor 208, but is in the state that does not cover with the film 87 that covers first sensor 208.By this, the same with above-mentioned variation 1, for example, when leaking the fluid occur and be refrigerator oil when cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium, between two electrodes 81,82 of first sensor 208, keep because of cold-producing medium leaks the refrigerator oil that occurs, between two electrodes 81,82 of second sensor 209, do not keep leaking the refrigerator oil that occurs because of cold-producing medium.Promptly, the principal element that static capacities such as humidity change is to first sensor 208 and second all generation effects of sensor 209, but cold-producing medium or the principal element that changes as the static capacity of the refrigerator oil that leaks the fluid occurs because of cold-producing medium be to the 209 generation effects of second sensor, cold-producing medium or as the principal element of the static capacity variation of the refrigerator oil that leaks the fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium to first sensor 208 generation effects.In addition, as the structure of the first sensor 208 and second sensor 209, be not limited to the flat structure of above-mentioned embodiment, the structure that also can adopt the fluid sensor of above-mentioned variation 1～7 is (with reference to Fig. 8～Figure 24).
First oscillating circuit 213 is connected with first sensor 208, and second oscillating circuit 214 is connected with second sensor 209.First oscillating circuit 213 is with the hunting of frequency corresponding with the static capacity Cx of first sensor 208.Second oscillating circuit 214 is with the hunting of frequency corresponding with the static capacity Cn of second sensor 209.Particularly, first oscillating circuit 213 be subjected to cold-producing medium or, export the first oscillator signal OS1 because of cold-producing medium leaks the corresponding hunting of frequency of static capacity Cx of the first sensor 208 that the effect of the fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) occurs and other static capacity variation principal element changes.Second oscillating circuit 214 with only be subjected to cold-producing medium or, export the second oscillator signal OS2 because of cold-producing medium leaks the corresponding hunting of frequency of static capacity Cn of second sensor 209 that the effect of fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) other static capacities variation principal elements in addition occurs changes.In addition, as first oscillating circuit 213 and second oscillating circuit 214, for example, can use mainly CR oscillating circuit that electrostatic capacitance and resistance by each sensor constitutes or the LC feedback type oscillating circuit that mainly constitutes (Japanese: anti-Knot He development shake loop) etc. by the electrostatic capacitance of coil and each sensor.
Counting circuit 215 has two input terminals up and down, and each input terminal is connected in the lead-out terminal of first oscillating circuit 213 and the lead-out terminal of second oscillating circuit 214.Counting circuit 215 will increase progressively counting with the output (i.e. the first oscillator signal OS1) of first oscillating circuit 213 of the hunting of frequency corresponding with the static capacity Cx of first sensor 208 up and down, and will be with output (the i.e. the second oscillator signal OS2) countdown of second oscillating circuit 214 of the hunting of frequency corresponding with the static capacity Cn of second sensor 209.Counting circuit 215 carries out above-mentioned action every predetermined distance up and down.By this, the umber of pulse of difference that can counting be equivalent to the frequency of the frequency of the first oscillator signal OS1 and the second oscillator signal OS2, the above-mentioned first oscillator signal OS1 changes the first sensor 208 that principal element is all had an effect based on cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) and other the static capacity that occur, and the above-mentioned second oscillator signal OS2 is based on having only cold-producing medium or changing second sensor 209 that principal element is had an effect because of cold-producing medium leaks fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) other static capacities in addition that occur.
Resetting of counting circuit 215 used terminal about the lead-out terminal of reset circuit 216 was connected in.The count value of reset circuit 216 counting circuit 215 about specified period resets.For example, based on the first sensor 208 and second sensor 209 do not rely on original static capacity that static capacity changes principal element etc., experiment etc., pre-determine specified period.
In addition, the count value initialization that the counting circuit up and down 215 after being resetted by reset circuit 216 will so far count to get, thereby from initially beginning to increase progressively counting and countdown.
Operational part 211 is connected with the lead-out terminal of counting circuit 215 up and down.Because the umber of pulse that is counted to get before the counting circuit 215 up and down of resetting is equivalent to two frequencies poor of the first oscillator signal OS1 and the second oscillator signal OS2, therefore based on about the count value of counting circuit 215 can calculate first difference of the output of the output of first sensor 208 and second sensor 209.Then, operational part 211 is obtained cold-producing medium based on above-mentioned first difference or because of cold-producing medium leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) occur, and the result who is tried to achieve is outputed to test section 212.In addition, operational part 211 both can constitute with circuit by computing, also can constitute by the microcomputer of being made up of memory and CPU.
Test section 212 detects cold-producing medium based on the static capacity variable quantity that is calculated by operational part 211 and leaks.Particularly, if the operation result of operational part 211 is " 0 ", then test section 212 is judged as and does not produce the cold-producing medium leakage.If the operation result of operational part 211 is not " 0 ", then test section 212 is judged as and produces the cold-producing medium leakage, and calculates the refrigerant amount of leakage based on operation result.In addition,, be admitted to control part 7, be used to utilize the control of unit 4 and heat source unit 2 though the concrete condition of the testing result of test section 212 is not shown.In addition, test section 212 is the same with operational part 211, leaks if can detect cold-producing medium, then both can constitute by detecting with circuit, also can constitute by the microcomputer of being made up of memory and CPU.
In the refrigerant leakage detecting device 207 of this variation, counting circuit 215 will increase progressively counting according to the static capacity Cx oscillatory signal of first sensor 208 up and down, and will be according to the static capacity Cn oscillatory signal countdown of second sensor 209.Since up and down the count value of counting circuit 215 be equivalent to the frequency corresponding with the static capacity Cx of first sensor 208 and with the umber of pulse of the difference of the corresponding frequency of the static capacity Cn of second sensor 209, so operational part 211 can be obtained first difference according to count value.And, operational part 211 is by obtaining the static capacity variable quantity based on above-mentioned first difference, can only take out cold-producing medium accurately or because of cold-producing medium leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) occurs, so test section 212 can more correctly detect the cold-producing medium leakage.
In addition, in the refrigerant leakage detecting device 207 of this variation, the count value of counting circuit 215 resets once every specified period by reset circuit 216 up and down.Therefore, operational part 211 can be obtained first difference between the output of the output of first sensor 208 and second sensor 209 according to the count value before being reset.
In addition, the counting circuit up and down 215 of the refrigerant leakage detecting device 207 of this variation also can be to carry out the such structure of carry (carry) when count results is desirable value.Even such structure, also the same with above-mentioned situation, operational part 211 can be calculated first difference.
(13) variation 11
In addition, as the such employing first sensor 208 of above-mentioned variation 10 and the refrigerant leakage detecting device of second sensor 209, can also adopt the such structure of refrigerant leakage detecting device shown in Figure 29 307.
The refrigerant leakage detecting device 307 of this variation mainly comprises: first sensor 208; Second sensor 209; First reset circuit 311; Second reset circuit 312; Oscillating circuit 313; First counting circuit 314; Second counting circuit 315; First latchs (latch) circuit 316; Second latch cicuit 317; Difference channel 318 (being equivalent to Difference Calculation portion); Operational part 211; And test section 212.In addition, as for first sensor 208, second sensor 209 and test section 212, since identical with first sensor 208, second sensor 209 and the test section 212 of above-mentioned variation 10, therefore omit its explanation at this.
First reset circuit 311 is connected in first sensor 208, the second reset circuits 312 and is connected in second sensor 209.In addition, the lead-out terminal of first reset circuit 311 is connected in each reseting terminal of first counting circuit 314 and first latch cicuit 316.The lead-out terminal of second reset circuit 312 is connected in each reseting terminal of second counting circuit 315 and second latch cicuit 317.
The first reset signal Rx of the time constant that this first reset circuit 311 will be determined based on the static capacity Cx by first sensor 208 outputs to first counting circuit 314 and first latch cicuit 316.The second reset signal Rn of the time constant that second reset circuit 312 will be determined based on the static capacity Cn by second sensor 209 outputs to second counting circuit 315 and second latch cicuit 317.More specifically, first reset circuit 311 is corresponding to according to cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the static capacity Cx that the fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) occurs and other static capacity principal element change, and exports to be used to the first reset signal Rx that first counting circuit 314 and first latch cicuit 316 are resetted.Second reset circuit 312 is corresponding to according to cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the static capacity Cn that fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) other static capacity principal elements in addition occurs change, and exports to be used to the second reset signal Rn that second counting circuit 315 and second latch cicuit 317 are resetted.That is to say that each reset circuit 311,312 is based on static capacity Cx, the Cn of each sensor 208,209, can be identified for keeping importing the time of the signal of each latch cicuit 316,317.In addition, each reset circuit 311,312 can be identified for making the time of each counting circuit 314,315 reset count value based on static capacity Cx, the Cn of each sensor 208,209.In addition, each reset circuit 311,312 and the reference clock of this variation are synchronously exported each reset signal Rx, Rn.That is, each reset circuit 311,312 is obtained time constant every the stipulated time based on static capacity Cx, the Cn of each sensor 208,209 at that time, and output is based on reset signal Rx, the Rn of the time constant of obtaining.
The lead-out terminal of oscillating circuit 313 is connected in the input terminal of first counting circuit 314 and second counting circuit 315, to each counting circuit 314,315 outputting oscillation signal OS3 (being equivalent to pulse signal).As shown in figure 30, oscillator signal OS3 is the pulse-like signal with assigned frequency.Assigned frequency as for oscillator signal OS3 is had has nothing to do with the static capacity Cx of first sensor 208, the static capacity Cn of second sensor 209, is to wait by experiment in advance to determine.
First counting circuit 314 is counted the umber of pulse of oscillator signal OS3, and comes the counting of failure of oscillations signal OS3 based on the first reset signal Rx.Second counting circuit 315 is counted the umber of pulse of oscillator signal OS3, and comes the counting of failure of oscillations signal OS3 based on the second reset signal Rn.The words that adopt Figure 30 to specifically describe, first counting circuit 314 carries out the counting action of oscillator signal OS3 at the first reset signal Rx for (Figure 30 during Toff1) during expression resets " L " that close, when first reset signal become the expression reset out " H " time, the counting of failure of oscillations signal OS3.Second counting circuit 315 is also the same with first counting circuit 314, if the second reset signal Rn then carries out the counting action of oscillator signal OS3 for " L ", if the second reset signal Rn is " H " then counting of failure of oscillations signal OS3.
In addition, as shown in figure 30, first reset signal Rx output reset passs " L " during length and the second reset signal Rn of Toff1 export the pass " L " that resets during the length of Toff2 different.As mentioned above, this is because each reset signal Rx, Rn are based on the static capacity Cx of each sensor 208,209, the cause that Cn determines.Promptly, because the time constant of using when determining each reset signal Rx, Rn is proportional with static capacity Cx, the Cn of each sensor 208,209, therefore first reset signal Rx output reset pass " L " during the length of Toff1 and the second reset signal Rn export the pass " L " that resets during the difference DifA of length of Toff2 also can be described as the static capacity Cx that is equivalent to each sensor 208,209, the difference of Cn.Particularly in Figure 30, first reset signal Rx output reset passs " L " during Toff1 than the second reset signal Rn export the pass " L " that resets during Toff2 grow.This is owing to following former thereby cause: the static capacity Cx of first sensor 208 changes according to cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) and other the static capacity principal element that occur, relative therewith, the static capacity Cn of second sensor 209 only changes based on cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) other static capacities variation principal elements in addition that occur.That is, the first reset signal Rx during during Toff1 and the second reset signal Rn Toff2 compare will grow and measure accordingly with the caused variation of the absorption of refrigerator oil.
The input terminal of first latch cicuit 316 is connected with the lead-out terminal of first counting circuit 314, keeps the count value of first counting circuit 314.The input terminal of second latch cicuit 316 is connected with the lead-out terminal of second counting circuit 315, keeps the count value of second counting circuit 315.In addition, as mentioned above, to first latch cicuit, 316 inputs, the first reset signal Rx, to second latch cicuit, 317 inputs, the second reset signal Rn.Therefore, each latch cicuit 316,217 continues to keep each count value during each reset signal Rx, Rn are for the pass " L " that resets.In addition, in case each reset signal Rx, Rn become reset out " H ", each latch cicuit 316,317 just makes each count value that so far keeps reset.
Difference channel 318 has two input terminals, and each input terminal is connected with the lead-out terminal of first latch cicuit 316 and the lead-out terminal of second latch cicuit 317.Difference channel 318 is obtained second difference of the count number that first counting circuit 314 and second counting circuit 315 count to get respectively till the counting of failure of oscillations signal OS3.At this, because the length of Toff1, Toff2 is relevant during passs " L " that reset of the count value of each counting circuit 314,315 and each reset signal Rx, Rn, thus second difference between the count value of the count value of difference channel 318 first counting circuit 314 of being tried to achieve and second counting circuit 315 also can be described as be equivalent to respectively during difference DifA, the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) that occurs by cold-producing medium or because of the cold-producing medium leakage of length of Toff1, Toff2.
Operational part 211 is connected with the lead-out terminal of difference channel 318.Operational part 211 is obtained first difference between the output of the output of first sensor 208 and second sensor 209 based on second difference of being tried to achieve by difference channel 318.In addition, operational part 211 is only obtained by cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) that occurs based on above-mentioned first difference, and the result who is tried to achieve is outputed to test section 212.In addition, operational part 211 is the same with above-mentioned variation 10, both can constitute with circuit by computing, also can constitute by the microcomputer of being made up of memory and CPU.
In the refrigerant leakage detecting device 307 of this such variation, first counting circuit 314 was counted oscillator signal OS3 before by the first reset signal Rx indication reset, second counting circuit 315 was counted oscillator signal OS3 before by the second reset signal Rn indication reset.At this, because the first reset signal Rx and the second reset signal Rn are based on the signal of the time constant that the static capacity Cx according to first sensor 208 determines respectively and the signal of the time constant determined according to the static capacity Cn of second sensor 472, therefore first counting circuit 314 and second counting circuit 315 asynchronism(-nization) that stops to count.That is to say that the difference of the count number of each counting circuit 314,315 is equivalent to static capacity Cx, Cn poor of each sensor 208,209.Therefore, refrigerant leakage detecting device 307 can be obtained first difference according to second difference of each count number.Therefore, cold-producing medium can be only taken out accurately or, thereby the cold-producing medium leakage can be more correctly detected because of cold-producing medium leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) occurs.
(14) variation 12
In addition, as the such employing first sensor 208 of above-mentioned variation 10, variation 11 and the refrigerant leakage detecting device of second sensor 209, can also adopt the such structure of refrigerant leakage detecting device shown in Figure 31 407.
The refrigerant leakage detecting device 407 of this variation mainly comprises: first sensor 208; Second sensor 209; The 3rd reset circuit 411; First timing circuit 412; Second timing circuit 413; EOR circuit 414; Oscillating circuit 415; The 4th reset circuit 416; Counting circuit 417 (EOR circuit 414 and counting circuit 417 are equivalent to Time Calculation portion); Operational part 211; And test section 212.In addition, as for first sensor 208, second sensor 209 and test section 212, since identical with first sensor 208, second sensor 209 and the test section 212 of above-mentioned variation 10, therefore omit its explanation at this.
The lead-out terminal of the 3rd reset circuit 411 is connected in first timing circuit 412 and respectively resetting of second timing circuit 413 used terminal.The 3rd reset circuit 411 generates and is used to signal that each timing circuit 412,413 is resetted, and it is outputed to each timing circuit 412,413.
The input terminal that the input terminal of first timing circuit 412 is connected in first sensor 208, the second timing circuits 413 is connected in second sensor 209.
Shown in figure 32, first timing circuit 412 is at first corresponding to determining time T x according to cold-producing medium or the static capacity Cx that leaks the first sensor 208 that the fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) occur and other static capacity principal element change because of cold-producing medium, and after in a single day being resetted by the 3rd reset circuit 411, the mensuration of time started.In addition, first timing circuit 412 is when minute elapsed time Tx, and the very first time of this situation of output expression is through signal St1.Second timing circuit 413 is at first corresponding to determining time T n according to cold-producing medium or the static capacity Cn that leaks second sensor 209 that fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) other static capacity principal elements in addition occur change because of cold-producing medium, and after in a single day being resetted by the 3rd reset circuit 411, the mensuration of time started.In addition, second timing circuit 413 is when minute elapsed time Tn, and the second effluxion signal St2 of this situation is represented in output.
In addition, shown in figure 32, the very first time of this variation through signal St1 have when the minute of first timing circuit 412 be not the logic of " H " during for " L ", as the minute elapsed time of first timing circuit 412 Tx during elapsed time Tx.Equally, the second effluxion signal St2 also have when the minute of second timing circuit 413 not during elapsed time Tn for " L ", when the minute of second timing circuit 413 logic for " H " during through stipulated time Tn.In addition, expression each effluxion signal St1, St2 (being " H ") of having passed through time Tx, Tn makes each timing circuit 412,413 continue output before resetting by the 3rd reset circuit 411.
In addition, definite method as above-mentioned time T x, Tn, for example have by static capacity Cx, Cn being multiplied by first method that predetermined coefficients determines or as above-mentioned variation 11, utilizing second method of determining based on the time constant of static capacity Cx, Cn etc., but in the present embodiment, adopt first method.Like this, by above-mentioned time T x, Tx are determined with static capacity Cx, Cn, shown in figure 32, begin to export expression through very first time of time Tx through signal St1 " H " with begin to export expression and passed through the time of the second effluxion signal St2 " H " of time Tn and have deviation corresponding to the value of static capacity Cx, Cn.That is to say that elapsed time Tx and beginning exports poor corresponding to static capacity Cx, Cn of the very first time begins to export the second effluxion signal St2 " H " through time and the elapsed time Tn of signal St1 " H " the difference DifB of time.Especially, the very first time through signal St1 be " L " during Tx than the second effluxion signal St2 be " L " during Tn grow.This is owing to following former thereby cause: the static capacity Cn of second sensor 209 only changes based on cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) other static capacities variation principal elements in addition that occur, relative therewith, the static capacity Cx of first sensor 208 not only changes based on cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) other static capacities variation principal elements in addition that occur, and also changes based on cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) that occurs.That is to say that the difference DifB of time that begins each effluxion signal St1, St2 of output " H " is equivalent to cold-producing medium or leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) that occurs because of cold-producing medium.
EOR circuit 414 has two input terminals, and each input terminal is connected with the lead-out terminal of each timing circuit 412,413.EOR circuit 414 is so-called XOR circuits, shown in figure 32, when being " H " from very first time of first timing circuit 412 and the output of second timing circuit 413 through the signal St1 and the second effluxion signal St2 any one respectively, enabling signal En exports " H ".Particularly, EOR circuit 414 detects through based on the time T x of static capacity Cx but do not pass through situation based on the time T n of static capacity Cn.In addition, when EOR circuit 414 was " L " or is " H " through signal St1 and the second effluxion signal St2 in the very first time, enabling signal En exported " L ".
The lead-out terminal of oscillating circuit 415 is connected in the oscillator signal input terminal of counting circuit 417.415 pairs of counting circuits of oscillating circuit, 417 outputting oscillation signal OS4.Shown in figure 32, oscillator signal OS4 is the pulse-like signal with assigned frequency.As for the assigned frequency that oscillator signal OS4 is had, the same with the oscillator signal OS3 of above-mentioned variation 11, have nothing to do with the static capacity Cx of first sensor 208, the static capacity Cn of second sensor 209, be to wait by experiment in advance to determine.
The lead-out terminal of the 4th reset circuit 416 is connected in resetting of counting circuit 417 and uses terminal.The 4th reset circuit 416 generates and is used to signal that counting circuit 417 is resetted, and it is outputed to counting circuit 417.
On the input terminal of the counting circuit 417 different with input terminal, be connected with the lead-out terminal of EOR circuit 414 with oscillator signal.417 of counting circuits enabling signal En be " H " during the umber of pulse of time inside counting oscillator signal OS4 of DifB.By this, by the umber of pulse of counting circuit 417 counting become with during the corresponding value of length of DifB.
In addition, counting circuit 417 is when the 4th reset circuit 416 receives the signal that is used to reset, and the count value till this moment is resetted.
Operational part 211 is connected with the lead-out terminal of counting circuit 417.Operational part 211 calculates first difference between the output of the output of first sensor 208 and second sensor 209 based on the umber of pulse that is calculated by counting circuit 417.That is, the umber of pulse that counts to get by counting circuit 417 be with during the corresponding value of length of DifB since during poor corresponding to static capacity Cx, the Cn of each sensor 208,209 of the length of DifB, so operational part 211 can be obtained first difference.In addition, operational part 211 is obtained cold-producing medium based on above-mentioned first difference or because of cold-producing medium leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) occur, and the result who is tried to achieve is outputed to test section 212.
In addition, operational part 211 and above-mentioned variation 10, variation 11 are the same, both can constitute with circuit by computing, also can constitute by the microcomputer of being made up of memory and CPU.
In the refrigerant leakage detecting device 407 of this variation, if static capacity Cx, the Cn difference of each sensor 208,209, time T x, the Tn difference of being determined by static capacity Cx, the Cn of each sensor 208,209 then, it is also different with the time that begins to export the second effluxion signal St2 " H " through signal St1 " H " therefore to begin to export the very first time.Therefore, the refrigerant leakage detecting device 407 of this variation based on the very first time through among signal St1 and the second effluxion signal St2 any one for " H " during DifB length, promptly obtain first difference through the time of signal St1 " H " and the difference of the time that begins to export the second effluxion signal St2 " H " based on beginning to export the very first time.That is to say, owing to the length of DifB during above-mentioned is equivalent to cold-producing medium or leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) that occurs because of cold-producing medium, therefore can only take out the caused static capacity variable quantity of absorption of refrigerator oil accurately, leak thereby can more correctly detect cold-producing medium.
(15) variation 13
In addition, as the such employing first sensor 208 of above-mentioned variation 10～variation 12 and the refrigerant leakage detecting device of second sensor 209, can also adopt the such structure of refrigerant leakage detecting device shown in Figure 33 507.
The refrigerant leakage detecting device 507 of this variation is on the basis of the refrigerant leakage detecting device 207 of variation 10, comprises selecting circuit 511 to replace reset circuit 216.Particularly, refrigerant leakage detecting device 507 mainly comprises: first sensor 208; Second sensor 209; First oscillating circuit 213; Second oscillating circuit 214; Select circuit 511; Counting circuit 215 up and down; Operational part 211; And test section 212.In addition, because first sensor 208, second sensor 209, first oscillating circuit 213, second oscillating circuit 214, up and down counting circuit 215, operational part 211 and test section 212 and above-mentioned variation 10 first sensor 208, second sensor 209, first oscillating circuit 213, second oscillating circuit 214, counting circuit 215, operational part 211 and test section 212 are identical up and down, so omit its explanation at this.
Select circuit 511 be in the output (that is the second oscillator signal OS2) of the output (that is the first oscillator signal OS1) that is used to select first oscillating circuit 213 and second oscillating circuit 214 any one and with the circuit of counting circuit 215 about its input.More specifically, select circuit 511 to comprise control signal circuit 512; Counting circuit 513; Logic circuit 514 with lead-out terminal of enabling signal SX, SN; And two NAND circuit 515,516.
Control signal circuit 512 generates has the duty (duty) of regulation and the clock signal of frequency, and it is outputed to counting circuit 513.In addition, according to the original static capacity that static capacity changes principal element that do not rely on of the first sensor 213 and second sensor 214, pre-determine the duty and the frequency of the signal of control signal circuit 511 outputs.After through counting circuit 513 countings, be sent to logic circuit 514 by the signal of control signal circuit 512 output.Logic circuit 514 is according to count results generation two enabling signal SX, the SN as shown in figure 34 of counting circuit 513.At this, enabling signal SX, SN have the signal that is " H " or is the logic of " L ", but enabling signal SX and enabling signal SN are the signals with XOR.For example, when enabling signal SX had the logic of " H ", enabling signal SN had the logic of " L ".Above-mentioned enabling signal SX is input to an input terminal in two input terminals that NAND circuit 515 had, and enabling signal SN then is input to an input terminal in two input terminals that NAND circuit 516 had.In addition, another input terminal of NAND circuit 515 is imported the first oscillator signal OS1, another input terminal of NAND circuit 516 is imported the second oscillator signal OS2.
Above-mentioned NAND circuit 515 is exported the first oscillator signal OS1 when the logic of enabling signal SX is " H ", NAND circuit 516 is exported the second oscillator signal OS1 when the logic of enabling signal SN is " H ".At this, as previously discussed, therefore the logic of enabling signal SX and enabling signal SN can not be " H ", but alternately becomes " H ", to any one (with reference to Figure 34) among the counting circuit 215 input first oscillator signal OS1 and the second oscillator signal OS2 up and down.That is in counting circuit 215 up and down, be not to import the first oscillator signal OS1 and the second oscillator signal OS2 simultaneously, but input is by first oscillator signal OS1 that selects circuit 511 to select and any one among the second oscillator signal OS2.By this, up and down counting circuit 215 can carry out reliably with the first oscillator signal OS1 increase progressively counting, with the action of the second oscillator signal OS2 countdown.Therefore, to the correct count value of operational part 211 outputs, operational part 211 can be obtained reliably based on first difference between the output of the output of the first sensor 208 of above-mentioned count value and second sensor 209 and based on the cold-producing medium of this first difference or leak the caused static capacity variable quantity of static capacity variation principal element of the fluid (is refrigerator oil at this) that occurs because of cold-producing medium from counting circuit 215 up and down.The static capacity variable quantity of being obtained by operational part 211 is output to test section 212 like this.
And the logic circuit 514 of this variation also has the lead-out terminal (part that has the lead-out terminal of reset signal Clear in logic circuit 514 is equivalent to reset portion) of reset signal Clear except the lead-out terminal of enabling signal SX, SN.Reset signal Clear plays the effect of the count value of counting circuit 215 about specified period resets.At this, the clock signal of being exported with control signal circuit 512 is the same, and the original static capacity etc. that static capacity changes principal element etc. that do not rely on based on the first sensor 208 and second sensor 209 pre-determines specified period.The count value initialization that the counting circuit up and down 215 that is resetted by above-mentioned reset signal Clear will so far count down to, thereby from initially beginning to increase progressively counting and countdown.
In the refrigerant leakage detecting device 507 of this variation, because among up and down the counting circuit 215 input first oscillator signal OS1 and the second oscillator signal OS2 any one, therefore can not import the first oscillator signal OS1 and the second oscillator signal OS2 simultaneously to counting circuit 215 up and down.Therefore, count section 215 can carry out the first oscillator signal OS1 increased progressively counting and with the action of the second oscillator signal OS2 countdown reliably up and down, thereby can obtain being used to obtain the correct count value of first difference.
In addition, according to the refrigerant leakage detecting device 507 of this variation, the count value of counting circuit 215 is resetted once every specified period by the reset signal Clear of logic circuit 514 outputs up and down.Therefore, operational part 211 can be obtained first difference between the output of the output of first sensor 208 and second sensor 209 according to the count value before being reset.
(16) other embodiments
More than, with reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention and variation thereof are illustrated, but concrete structure is not limited to these embodiments and variation thereof, can in the scope of the main points that do not break away from invention, change.
(A) in above-mentioned embodiment and variation thereof, exemplified a heat source unit 2 and be connected with one and utilize the so-called type conditioner 1 in pairs of unit 4 that the present invention is described, be connected with many so-called multi-type conditioners 1 that utilize the unit but the present invention also is applicable to a heat source unit.At this moment, owing to be formed with cold-producing medium communicating pipe and utilize the corresponding furcation of unit platform number, so also can on the pipe joint of these furcations etc., fluid sensor 8 be set.
(B) in addition, in above-mentioned embodiment and variation thereof, exemplified and to have switched refrigeration and heat the conditioner 1 that turns round the present invention is described, but the present invention also is applicable to various conditioners such as refrigeration special machine, air conditioner, heat storage type air conditioner.In addition, the present invention is not limited to conditioner, so long as having refrigerant loop and the refrigerating plant that cold-producing medium leaks may take place as heat pump water heater etc. then all can be suitable for.
(C) in addition, in above-mentioned variation 10, variation 13, also can be provided with the decision circuit that operational part 211 and test section 212 are wholely set, with the structure of the operational part 211 and the test section 212 that replace being respectively equipped with Figure 27.At this moment, the decision circuit count value and the threshold value of counting circuit 215 up and down compares, and has judged whether that according to this comparative result cold-producing medium leaks.Even this structure, be equivalent to owing to count value between the static capacity Cn of the static capacity Cx of first sensor 208 and second sensor 209 difference, promptly be equivalent to cold-producing medium or, the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid that therefore also can only take out cold-producing medium accurately or occur because of the cold-producing medium leakage because of cold-producing medium leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid that occurs.
(D) in addition, in above-mentioned variation 11, also can be provided with the decision circuit that operational part 211 and test section 212 are wholely set, with the structure of the operational part 211 and the test section 212 that replace being respectively equipped with Figure 29.At this moment, decision circuit will be compared by second difference and the threshold value that difference channel 318 is obtained, and has judged whether that according to this comparative result cold-producing medium leaks.Even said structure, be equivalent to owing to second difference between the static capacity Cn of the static capacity Cx of first sensor 208 and second sensor 209 difference, promptly be equivalent to cold-producing medium or, the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid that therefore also can only take out cold-producing medium accurately or occur because of the cold-producing medium leakage because of cold-producing medium leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid that occurs.
(E) in addition, in above-mentioned variation 12, also can be provided with the decision circuit that operational part 211 and test section 212 are wholely set, with the structure of the operational part 211 and the test section 212 that replace being respectively equipped with Figure 31.At this moment, decision circuit will be compared by umber of pulse and the threshold value that counting circuit 417 counts to get, and has judged whether that according to this comparative result cold-producing medium leaks.Even said structure, be equivalent to owing to umber of pulse between the static capacity Cn of the static capacity Cx of first sensor 208 and second sensor 209 difference, promptly be equivalent to cold-producing medium or, the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid that therefore also can only take out cold-producing medium accurately or occur because of the cold-producing medium leakage because of cold-producing medium leaks the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid that occurs.
(F) and, also can the structure (various circuit, operational part, test section) that constitute beyond the sensor 208,209 of refrigerant leakage detecting device of variation 10～variation 13 is the same with variation 8, the control part 7 of packing into.In addition, also can the structure (various circuit, operational part, test section) that constitute beyond the sensor 208,209 of refrigerant leakage detecting device of variation 10～variation 13 is the same with variation 9, constitute with sensor 208,209 one.
Industrial utilizability
Utilize the present invention, can carry out the detection of refrigrant leakage, comprise concrete cold-producing medium where the leaking from the refrigerant loop of refrigerating plant of determining.

Claims (21)

1. fluid sensor, its cold-producing medium that is used for detecting from the refrigerant loop (10) of refrigerating plant (1) leaks, it is characterized in that,
The sensor main body that comprises electrode (81,82) with two devices spaced apart ground settings, and described fluid sensor can be connected with the impedance measuring instrument of measuring described two impedance between electrodes.
2. fluid sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sensor main body has fluid and keeps body (88) between described two electrodes (81,82), this fluid keeps body (88) to be used to keep cold-producing medium or leaks the fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium.
3. fluid sensor as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, it is paper that described fluid keeps body (88).
4. as each described fluid sensor in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described two electrodes (81,82) of described sensor main body are sandwich constructions.
5. as each described fluid sensor in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that described sensor main body can be mounted to pipe or the pipe joint that will constitute described refrigerant loop (10) and surround.
6. fluid sensor as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described sensor main body is provided with fastening portion, and this fastening portion is used for the ground fastening of energy disassembled and assembled freely in the pipe or the pipe joint that constitute described refrigerant loop (10).
7. as each described fluid sensor (8) in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that described sensor main body is flat structure.
8. as claim 2 or 3 described fluid sensors, it is characterized in that,
The basket (101) that described fluid keeps body (88) and described electrode (81,82) to be configured described sensor main body covers,
Be provided with in the described basket flow-induced body (89) outstanding outside described basket in described sensor main body, this flow-induced body (89) is directed between described two electrodes with cold-producing medium or because of cold-producing medium leaks the fluid that occurs.
9. fluid sensor as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that,
Described basket (101) is formed with peristome (103a, 103b), and this peristome (103a, 103b) is used to make described flow-induced body (89) to give prominence to outside described basket in described basket,
The opening size of described peristome is littler than the opening size that covers the resettlement section that described fluid keeps body (88) and described electrode (81,82) (102,102a, 10b).
10. fluid sensor as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, under described flow-induced body (89) state outstanding from described peristome (103a, 103b), and the sealed material in gap (105) landfill between described peristome and the described flow-induced body.
11. a refrigerating plant is characterized in that, comprising:
Refrigerant loop (10); And
Each described fluid sensor in the claim 1 to 10, this fluid sensor are disposed near the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the described refrigerant loop or its.
12. refrigerating plant as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, also comprises the impedance measuring instrument that is connected in described fluid sensor.
13. a fluid sensor, the cold-producing medium leakage that it is used for detecting from the refrigerant loop (10) of refrigerating plant (1) is characterized in that, comprising:
Sensor main body, this sensor main body have the electrode (81,82) that two devices spaced apart ground are provided with,
Described sensor main body also has:
Impedance measuring portion (8d), this impedance measuring portion (8d) measures described two impedance between electrodes; Leak judgement portion (8e), this leak judgement portion (8e) carries out leaking relevant judgement with cold-producing medium based on measured the resistance value that obtains by described impedance measuring portion; And
Signal efferent (8f), this signal efferent (8f) will be obtained by described leak judgement portion leaks relevant result of determination with cold-producing medium and outputs to external equipment.
14. a refrigerant leakage detecting device is characterized in that, comprising:
First sensor, this first sensor are each described fluid sensors in the claim 1 to 10;
Second sensor, this second sensor have the electrode (81,82) that two devices spaced apart ground are provided with, and constitute the fluid that makes cold-producing medium or occur because of the cold-producing medium leakage and do not remain between described two electrodes;
Operational part, this operational part come the computing cold-producing medium based on first difference between the output of the output of described first sensor and described second sensor or leak the caused static capacity variable quantity of fluid that occurs because of cold-producing medium; And test section, this test section carries out leaking relevant judgement with cold-producing medium based on the described static capacity variable quantity that is calculated by described operational part.
15. refrigerant leakage detecting device as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, also comprises:
First oscillating portion (213), this first oscillating portion (213) is with the hunting of frequency corresponding with the static capacity of described first sensor;
Second oscillating portion (214), this second oscillating portion (214) is with the hunting of frequency corresponding with the static capacity of described second sensor; And
Count section (215) up and down, count section (215) increases progressively counting with the output of described first oscillating portion up and down, and with the output countdown of described first oscillating portion,
Described operational part (211) is obtained described first difference based on the described count value of count section up and down.
16. refrigerant leakage detecting device as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Selection portion (511), this selection portion (511) is selected in the output of the output of described first oscillating portion and described second oscillating portion any one,
To in the output of the output of selected described second oscillating portion of described up and down count section (215) the described selection portion of input and described second oscillating portion any one.
17., it is characterized in that as claim 15 or 16 described refrigerant leakage detecting devices, also comprise reset portion (216,514), this reset portion (216,514) resets the described described count value of count section (215) up and down every specified period.
18. refrigerant leakage detecting device as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, also comprises:
First reset portion (311), this first reset portion (311) is exported first reset signal based on the time constant of being determined by the static capacity of described first sensor;
Second reset portion (312), this second reset portion (312) is exported second reset signal based on the time constant of being determined by the static capacity of described second sensor;
First count section (314), this first count section (314) is counted the pulse signal with assigned frequency, and stops the counting of described pulse signal based on described first reset signal;
Second count section (315), this second count section (315) is counted described pulse signal, and stops the counting of described pulse signal based on described second reset signal; And
Difference Calculation portion (318), second difference of the count number that described first count section and described second count section counted to get respectively till the counting that this Difference Calculation portion (318) obtains described pulse signal stopped,
Described operational part (211) is obtained first difference based on described second difference.
19. refrigerant leakage detecting device as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, also comprises:
The very first time of the first timing portion (412), this first timing portion (412) this situation of output expression after through the time of determining according to the static capacity of described first sensor is through signal;
The second effluxion signal of the second timing portion (413), this second timing portion (413) this situation of output expression after through the time of determining according to the static capacity of described second sensor; And
Interval calculation portion (414,417), the length of this interval calculation portion (414,417) following time of computing, this time is meant from the described first timing portion or the described second timing portion exports the described very first time through any one the time signal and the described second effluxion signal
Described operational part (211) is obtained described first difference based on the length of the described time that is calculated by described interval calculation portion.
20. a refrigerating plant is characterized in that, comprising:
Refrigerant loop (10); And
Each described refrigerant leakage detecting device in the claim 14 to 19, this refrigerant leakage detecting device are disposed near the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the described refrigerant loop or its.
21. a cold-producing medium leakage detection method, its cold-producing medium that detects from the refrigerant loop (10) of refrigerating plant (1) leaks, it is characterized in that,
The fluid sensor that will comprise the sensor main body with electrode (81,82) that two devices spaced apart ground is provided with is disposed near the part of carrying out the cold-producing medium leak detection in the described refrigerant loop or its,
Utilize impedance measuring instrument to measure described two impedance between electrodes.
CN200880113368A 2007-10-23 2008-10-22 Fluid sensor, refrigerant leakage detection device, refrigeration device, and refrigerant leakage detection method Pending CN101836060A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

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JP2007275537 2007-10-23
JP2007-275537 2007-10-23
JP2008010540 2008-01-21
JP2008-010540 2008-01-21
JP2008-244470 2008-09-24
JP2008244470A JP2009198154A (en) 2007-10-23 2008-09-24 Fluid sensor, refrigerant leakage detection device, refrigeration device, and refrigerant leakage detection method
PCT/JP2008/002987 WO2009054126A1 (en) 2007-10-23 2008-10-22 Fluid sensor, refrigerant leakage detection device, refrigeration device, and refrigerant leakage detection method

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EP (1) EP2213965A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2009198154A (en)
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Cited By (14)

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