CN101835889B - Tr1细胞、间充质干细胞和其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞的组合物,以及治疗自体免疫疾病、过敏性疾病或炎症性疾病的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞。更具体地说,本发明涉及Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞的用途,其用于治疗过度的、功能障碍的或不受控的自身或非自身T细胞介导反应,例如自体免疫疾病或炎症性疾病。
背景技术
免疫系统的功能在于消除可能含有病原体的外来细胞,同时保持对自体抗原的无反应性或耐受性。耐受性表现为自体反应性T细胞的耗尽或无反应性,后者的特征在于T细胞存活但反应性低。然而,在若干环境中,免疫系统可攻击自身组分,引起自体免疫疾病。自体免疫疾病被认为是由对自体抗原的异常免疫反应引起,发生异常免疫反应的原因是自体抗原免疫原性发生改变或暴露于交叉反应性模拟抗原。
需要改进自体免疫疾病或其它不当免疫反应的当前治疗,其使用例如抗TNF化合物、皮质类固醇、硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine)或环孢霉素A(cyclosporineA)等常规免疫抑制剂。这些治疗是非选择性的且无法区分正常的免疫反应与异常的免疫反应。这些药物通常具有不良的副作用,包括全面抑制免疫系统从而导致发生感染和瘤形成的风险很高,以及发展例如糖尿病、骨质疏松、白细胞减少症和高血压等疾病。不能承受常规非特异性药物治疗或对常规非特异性药物治疗不起反应的患者需要使用治疗这些病症的替代方法。这些替代方法是基于诱导免疫抑制和/或特异性免疫耐受,目的在于沉默对自体抗原的病原性反应,同时保持宿主防御机制完好无损。
业已考虑了使用MSC的替代方法。
间充质干细胞(MSC)是多能干细胞,其可轻易地分化成包括成骨细胞、肌细胞、软骨细胞和脂肪细胞的谱系。MSC在其表面表达主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)I类抗原,但表达有限的II类抗原且不表达B7或CD40共刺激分子,暗示这些细胞具有低免疫原性。MSC还以不依赖MHC的方式抑制T细胞增殖反应。MSC的这些免疫学特性可增强其移植物植入,且限制受体免疫系统识别和排斥移植后的同种异体细胞的能力。
专利申请案US2002/044923公开了使用已经修饰而携带抗原的MSC来治疗或抑制不需要或异常的免疫反应,例如在自体免疫疾病中所发生的。在没有共刺激信号的情况下呈递抗原到T细胞会诱导以下抗原特异性状态:T细胞对随后的抗原激发具有低反应性或甚至无反应性。
专利申请案WO2005/093044(Pittenger等人)描述MSC可如何用于治疗与免疫系统有关的疾病病状和病症。Pittenger等人认为1/MSC可刺激树突状细胞(DC)产生β干扰素(IFN-β),其增强肿瘤抑制和针对病毒感染的免疫性,且2/MSC可通过引起调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)和/或DC释放白细胞介素-10(IL-10)来抑制自体免疫疾病。然而,实施例中所示的所有实验都是在活体外实现,且Pittenger等人在此专利申请案中没有证明注射MSC可有效地治疗与免疫系统有关的疾病病状和病症。
专利申请案US2002/085996涉及使用MSC预防、减轻或治疗移植排斥反应和/或移植物抗宿主反应,但在关于自体免疫病症方面却没有记载。
业已考虑了使用调节性T细胞的其它替代方法。
现已鉴别了具有不同表型和不同作用机制的若干调节性T(Treg)细胞亚群。这些亚型包括CD4+CD25+Treg细胞,其经由细胞-细胞接触抑制免疫反应;Th3细胞,其主要分泌TGF-β;和Tr1细胞,其分泌高水平的IL-10和低到中等水平的TGF-β。这些Tr1细胞产生IL-10、IL-5和IFN-γ,伴随产生或不产生TGF-β,但同时很少产生或不产生IL-2或IL-4,且在多克隆TCR介导的活化后增殖程度很低。
专利申请案US2007/009497和WO2006/090291公开了使用CD4+CD25+Treg细胞治疗自体免疫和炎症性病症。
专利US6281012公开了使用抑制性T细胞减轻或抑制宿主移植排斥反应。这些抑制性T细胞是被定义为通过暴露于同种抗原而在混合淋巴细胞反应中致敏,且随后与间充质干细胞一起培养的T细胞。这些抑制性T细胞因此包含同种异体Tr1细胞。
经由专利申请案WO2006/018674,申请人公开了使用Tr1细胞治疗动脉粥样硬化。在促炎性细胞是针对消化道菌群的共生菌的克罗恩病小鼠模型中,申请人还发现对小鼠施用针对经血液递送的抗原的Tr1细胞可预防结肠慢性炎症。
申请人现在旨在提供一种新颖的替代疗法以改进自体免疫疾病或其它不当免疫反应的现有疗法。此新颖疗法仍然基于诱导免疫抑制和/或特异性免疫耐受,目的在于沉默对自体抗原的病原性反应,同时保持宿主防御机制完好无损。此新颖疗法是基于使用包含Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞的组合物。申请人惊奇地发现,用包含Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞的组合物治疗可获得比只用MSC或Tr1细胞治疗更好的结果。不希望受理论束缚,申请人认为此组合物可在受试对象中诱导抗原特异性免疫耐受以治疗过度的、功能障碍的或不受控的自身或非自身T细胞介导免疫反应,经由诸如以下的不同路径:
1/通过MSC以不依赖抗原的方式抑制T细胞增殖反应,
2/通过Tr1细胞所分泌的IL-10抑制T细胞增殖反应且诱导T细胞耐受,
3/通过MSC活体内诱导Tr1细胞。
发明内容
本发明因此涉及一种组合物,其包含Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞。
在本发明的一实施方案中,所述组合物进一步包含Tr1细胞对其具有特异性的抗原。
在本发明的一实施方案中,Tr1细胞对通常为健康受试对象所耐受的抗原具有特异性。
在本发明的一优选实施方案中,所述通常为健康受试对象所耐受的抗原为过敏原、自体抗原、食物抗原或微生物抗原。优选地,所述过敏原选自包含花粉、屋尘螨、猫科动物或啮齿动物过敏原、湿气的组,所述自体抗原选自包含胰岛素、髓鞘蛋白、热休克蛋白、桥粒芯糖蛋白、关节蛋白、其片段、变异体和混合物的组,所述食物抗原选自包含卵清蛋白、酪蛋白、大豆蛋白、麦醇溶蛋白(gliadin)、其片段、变异体和混合物的组,且所述微生物抗原选自包含大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、产气肠杆菌(Enterobacter aerogenes)、阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)和共生菌蛋白的组。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,所述Tr1细胞和MSC是自体的。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,可分开地封装Tr1细胞和MSC以待依序或同时施用。
本发明还涉及一种包含如上所述的组合物的药物。
本发明还涉及一种医药组合物,其包含如上所述的组合物以及一种或一种以上医药学上可接受的赋形剂。
本发明的另一目的是一种在罹患涉及过度的、功能障碍的或不受控的自身或非自身T细胞介导免疫反应的疾病的受试对象中诱导抗原免疫特异性耐受性的方法,其包含对所述受试对象施予有效量的如上所述的药物或医药组合物。
在本发明的一实施方案中,所述疾病为自体免疫疾病、过敏性疾病或炎症性疾病。
在一优选实施方案中,所述自体免疫疾病选自包含韦格纳氏病(Wegener′sdisease)、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、原发性硬化性胆管炎、克罗恩病(Crohn′sdisease)、类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化和胰岛素抵抗性糖尿病的组。
在一优选实施方案中,所述过敏性疾病选自包含哮喘、鼻炎、荨麻疹、异位性皮炎、纤维化疾病和食物过敏的组。
在一优选实施方案中,所述炎症性疾病选自包含类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化和克罗恩病的组。
在本发明的一实施方案中,所述Tr1细胞和所述MSC是同时或依序施用。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种促进有需要的受试对象中的组织再生的方法,其包含对所述受试对象施予有效量的本发明的药物或医药组合物。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种治疗有需要的受试对象中的纤维化的方法,其包含对所述受试对象施予有效量的本发明的药物或医药组合物。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种促进有需要的受试对象中器官或组织的血管再生的方法,其包含对所述受试对象施予有效量的本发明的药物或医药组合物。
附图说明
图1:在存在或不存在MSC和/或Tr1细胞的情况下活化的T细胞所产生的IFN-γ的检测结果。
MLR是在Transwell的下室中单独培养,或在上室中在存在MSC、Tr1或MSC和Tr1的情况下培养。4天后收集上清液且通过ELISA测量IFN-γ分泌。
图2:MSC共施用可改良Tr1细胞疗法在小鼠结肠炎模型中的功效。
Balb/c小鼠经含DSS的饮用水处理7天,在第一天静脉内注射Tr1细胞和MSC。每日监测临床得分和体重。
具体实施方式
定义
本文所用的术语“调节性T细胞”或“T抑制物”是指抑制或阻止另一T淋巴细胞的活化,或在另一实施方案中,抑制或阻止另一T淋巴细胞的效应物功能和增殖的T细胞群体。
本文所用的术语“Tr1细胞”是指静息时表型为CD4+CD25-FoxP3-且在活化后能够分泌高水平的IL-10和低到中等水平的TGF-β的细胞。Tr1细胞部分地由其独特的细胞因子性质表征:其产生高水平的IL-10,显著水平的TGF-β和中等水平的IFN-γ,但产生很少或不产生IL-4或IL-2。细胞因子的产生典型地是在细胞培养物中,在用T淋巴细胞的多克隆活化物(例如抗CD3+抗CD28抗体或白细胞介素-2、PMA+离子霉素(ionomycin))活化之后进行评估。或者,细胞因子的产生是在细胞培养物中,在用抗原呈递细胞所呈递的特异性T细胞抗原活化之后进行评估。高水平的IL-10对应于至少约500pg/m,典型地大于约1000、2000、4000、6000、8000、10000、12000、14000、16000、18000或20000pg/ml或以上。显著水平的TGF-β对应于至少约100pg/ml,典型地大于约200、300、400、600、800或1000pg/ml或以上。中等水平的IFN-γ对应于0pg/ml与至少400pg/ml之间的浓度,典型地大于约600、800、1000、1200、1400、1600、1800或2000pg/ml或以上。很少的或无IL-4或IL-2对应于小于约500pg/ml,优选小于约250、100、75或50pg/ml或以下。
本文所用的术语“抗原”是指蛋白质或肽,其与使用本发明细胞所调节的特定疾病有关,或用于任何本发明方法中。在一实施方案中,术语“抗原”可指以合成方法衍生的分子或天然衍生的分子,其与目的抗原具有序列同源性,或与目的抗原具有结构同源性,或两者皆有。在一实施方案中,抗原可为模拟抗原表位(mimetope)。
本文所用的术语“抗原特异性”是指细胞群体的一种性质,因此供应特定抗原或此抗原的片段会导致,在一实施方案中,在MHC的情形下呈递所述抗原时发生特异性调节性T细胞增殖。在另一实施方案中,供应所述抗原或其片段会导致调节性T细胞产生IL-10。在一实施方案中,调节性T细胞群体表达单克隆T细胞受体。在另一实施方案中,调节性T细胞群体表达多克隆T细胞受体。
本文所用的术语“自体抗原”是指正常地在受试对象体内表达的抗原。在一实施方案中,自体抗原是指当在体内表达时可导致自体反应性T细胞驯化的抗原。在一实施方案中,自体抗原是在作为自体免疫疾病靶标的器官内表达。在一实施方案中,自体抗原是在胰脏、甲状腺、结缔组织、肾、肺、肝、消化系统或神经系统内表达。在另一实施方案中,自体抗原是在胰脏β细胞上表达。
术语“通常为健康受试对象所耐受的抗原”是指不会在健康受试对象中诱导促炎性反应的所有自体或非自体分子或实体。这些耐受抗原可为自体抗原、消化抗原、吸入抗原、菌群抗原或接触抗原。
本文所用的术语“受试对象”是指哺乳动物,尤其是人类。
本文所用的术语“有效量”是指足以引起有益或期望临床结果(例如改善临床病症)的量。
本文所用的术语“治疗”一般是指试图改变所治疗个体或细胞的自然进程的临床干预,且可被执行用于预防目的或在临床病理的过程中执行。期望效果包括(但不限于)预防疾病发生或复发,缓解症状,制止、减少或抑制疾病的任何直接或间接病理后果,预防转移,降低疾病发展速率,改善或缓和疾病状态,和引起缓解或改善的预后。
本文所用的术语“自体免疫疾病”是指针对自体抗原的免疫反应。
本文所用的术语“炎症性病状”或“炎症性病症”在一实施方案中是指由“炎症性反应”(在另一实施方案中也称作“炎症”)引起的任何病症,或在另一实施方案中是指症状包括炎症的任何病症。举例来说,由炎症引起的炎症性病症可为败血性休克,且症状包括炎症的炎症性病症可为类风湿性关节炎。
本文所用的术语“过敏性反应”是指针对一般无害、无毒的抗原或过敏原的免疫系统攻击。在一实施方案中,过敏症可包括(但不限于)枯草热、哮喘、异位性湿疹,以及对毒栎和毒葛、屋尘螨、蜂毒、坚果、贝类、青霉素或其它药物或任何其它诱导过敏性反应的化合物的过敏。
本发明
本发明涉及一种组合物,其包含Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞(MSC)。
在本发明的一实施方案中,MSC可通过收集含MSC的组织和分离并扩增所述MSC而获得。
获得的MSC可为同种群体,或可为富含MSC的混合细胞群体。同种MSC可通过培养贴壁骨髓或骨膜细胞、或脂肪组织的基质-血管部分来获得,且MSC可由特异性细胞表面标志物鉴别。同种MSC组合物是通过阳性选择不含与造血细胞或分化的间充质细胞相关的标志物的贴壁骨髓、脂肪组织的基质-血管部分或骨膜细胞来获得。这些分离的间充质细胞群体展现仅与间充质干细胞有关的表位特征,具有在培养物中再生但不分化的能力,且具有在活体外诱导或活体内放在损伤组织部位时分化成特定间充质谱系的能力。为了获得受试人类的间充质干细胞,必需将骨髓或其它MSC来源中的稀少的多能间充质干细胞与其它细胞分离开来。骨髓细胞可从髂嵴、股骨、胫骨、脊骨、肋骨或其它骨髓腔获得。人类间充质干细胞的其它来源包括胚胎卵黄囊、胎盘、脐带、胎儿和青少年皮肤、血液和脂肪组织。
专利US5486359例如描述一种获得富含MSC的细胞群体的方法,其以引用的方式并入本文。
在本发明的一实施方案中,Tr1细胞可通过以下步骤获得:
a)从受试对象分离祖细胞群体,
b)通过在存在IL-10的情况下培养所述祖细胞群体来获得树突状细胞群体,
c)在存在抗原的情况下将步骤b)的细胞与从所述受试对象分离的CD4+T淋巴细胞群体接触,以使所述CD4+T细胞分化成Tr1细胞群体,和
d)从步骤c)回收Tr1细胞群体。
在步骤b)中,IL-10在培养基中的存在量为50到250U/m1,优选为100U/ml。所述获得Tr1细胞的方法描述于Wakkach等人(Immunity 2003年5月;18(5):605-17)中,其以引用的方式并入本文。
所述方法也可使用地塞米松(Dexamethasone)、维生素D3、或致耐受性的或不成熟的DC代替步骤b)的DC来进行。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,Tr1细胞可通过以下步骤获得:
a)在含有适当量的IFN-α的培养基中培养从受试对象分离的CD4+T细胞群体,和
b)回收Tr1细胞群体。
IFN-α在培养基中的存在量优选为5ng/ml。在步骤a)中,培养基可进一步包含适当量的IL-10,优选为100U/ml。
在步骤b)中,Tr1细胞群体是在包含IL-15的培养基中培养以允许增殖,IL-15在培养基中的存在量优选为5ng/ml。所述获得Tr1细胞的方法描述于专利US6746670中,其以引用的方式并入本文。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,Tr1细胞可通过以下步骤获得:
a)在存在由人造抗原呈递细胞呈递的抗原的情况下,活体外活化CD4+T细胞群体,和
b)回收活化的CD4+T细胞,其包含至少10%的Tr1细胞。
优选地,人造抗原呈递细胞表达HLA II系统分子和人类LFA-3分子,但不表达共刺激分子B7-1、B7-2、B7-H1、CD40、CD23和ICAM-1。
所述获得Tr1细胞的方法描述于专利申请案WO02/.92793中,其以引用的方式并入本文。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,Tr1细胞可通过以下步骤获得:
a)在存在抗原和适当量的IL-10的情况下,活体外活化CD4+T细胞群体,和
b)回收Tr1细胞群体。
IL-10在培养基中的存在量优选为100U/ml。所述方法描述于Groux等人(Nature 1997,389(6652):737-42)中,其以引用的方式并入本文。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,抗原特异性Tr1细胞可通过以下步骤获得:
a)用抗原刺激白细胞群体或外周血单核细胞(PBMC)群体,
b)从刺激的群体回收抗原特异性Tr1细胞群体,
c)任选地,扩增所述抗原特异性Tr1细胞群体。
白细胞涵盖若干类型的细胞,其由各自的重要性、分布、数量、寿命和潜力表征。这些类型有:多核或粒性白细胞,其中发现了嗜酸性、嗜中性和嗜碱性白细胞;和单核细胞或外周血单核细胞(PBMC),其是大型白细胞且由免疫系统中的细胞类型(淋巴细胞和单核细胞)组成。白细胞或PBMC可通过所属领域技术人员所知的任何方法从外周血分离。对于分离PBMC,适宜使用离心法,优选为密度梯度离心法,更优选为不连续密度梯度离心法。替代方案是使用特异性单克隆抗体。在某些实施方案中,PBMC典型地是借助于聚蔗糖-泛影葡胺(Ficoll-Hypaque),使用标准程序从全血产物分离。在其它实施方案中,PBMC是借助于白细胞去除法回收。
所述方法描述于专利申请案WO2007/010406中,其以引用的方式并入本文。
在另一实施方案中,Tr1细胞可通过以下步骤获得:
a)在存在抗原的情况下,培养白细胞群体或外周血单核细胞(PBMC)群体与间充质干细胞,
b)回收Tr1细胞群体。
所述方法也可用稚T细胞或记忆T细胞代替PBMC或白细胞来进行。
如此获得的Tr1细胞群体可进一步通过在存在细胞因子如白细胞介素-2和白细胞介素-4的情况下培养来进行扩增。或者,Tr1细胞扩增培养也可使用白细胞介素-15和白细胞介素-13。
在另一实施方案中,Tr1细胞可通过以下步骤获得:
a)培养CD4+T细胞与先前经地塞米松(约10-7M)和选定抗原处理的树突状细胞,
b)在培养开始后1周回收Tr1细胞群体。
在上述方法中,Tr1细胞可通过WO2005/000344中所述的鉴别方法进行表征。Tr1细胞的所述鉴别方法是基于检测编码CD4分子的基因的表达产物和选自包含CD18和/或CD11a和CD49b的组的分子的同时存在情况。Tr1细胞可通过Elisa、流式细胞术或免疫亲和纯化方法,使用针对所述标志物的抗体来鉴别和/或纯化。
Tr1细胞也可通过使用流式细胞术或磁珠的阳性选择或阴性选择来富集。所述方法也描述于WO2005/000344中,其以引用的方式并入本文。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,所述包含Tr1细胞和MSC的组合物可通过共培养MSC与自体T细胞历经1到2周来获得。
在本发明的一优选实施方案中,包含所述Tr1细胞和所述MSC的组合物进一步包含Tr1细胞对其具有特异性的抗原。
在本发明的一实施方案中,Tr1细胞对其具有特异性的抗原可与本发明的组合物分开地施用,例如饮食抗原可在食物中施予受试对象。在另一实施方案中,Tr1细胞对其具有特异性的抗原是添加到本发明的组合物中。
在本发明的一优选实施方案中,所述Tr1细胞对其具有特异性的抗原是通常为健康受试对象所耐受的抗原。
在本发明的一实施方案中,所述通常为健康受试对象所耐受的抗原是过敏原。过敏原的清单可见于http://www.allergen.org/。
在一优选实施方案中,所述过敏原选自包含花粉、屋尘螨、猫科动物或啮齿动物过敏原、湿气的组。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,所述通常为健康受试对象所耐受的抗原是食物抗原。
术语“食物抗原”是指来自食品的免疫原性肽,例如以下非限制性清单的食物抗原:牛抗原,例如脂质运载蛋白(lipocalin)、钙结合SlOO、α-乳清蛋白、β-乳球蛋白、牛血清白蛋白、免疫球蛋白或酪蛋白。食物抗原也可为大西洋鲑(atlantic salmon)抗原,例如小白蛋白(parvalbumin);鸡抗原,例如卵类粘蛋白(ovomucoid)、卵清蛋白、Ag22、伴白蛋白(conalbumin)、溶菌酶或鸡血清白蛋白;花生、虾抗原,例如原肌球蛋白(tropomyosin);小麦抗原,例如凝集素(agglutinin)或ω-5麦醇溶蛋白;芹菜抗原,例如芹菜肌动蛋白抑制蛋白(profilin);胡萝卜抗原,例如胡萝卜肌动蛋白抑制蛋白;苹果抗原,例如奇甜蛋白(thaumatin)、苹果脂质转移蛋白、苹果肌动蛋白抑制蛋白;梨抗原,例如梨肌动蛋白抑制蛋白、异黄酮还原酶;鳄梨抗原,例如内切几丁质酶(endochitinase);杏抗原,例如杏脂质转移蛋白;桃抗原,例如桃脂质转移蛋白或桃肌动蛋白抑制蛋白;大豆抗原,例如HPS、大豆肌动蛋白抑制蛋白或(SAM22)PR-10蛋白。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,所述通常为健康受试对象所耐受的抗原是自体抗原。
术语“自体抗原”是指从所述个体的蛋白质衍生的免疫原性肽。举例来说,其可以是以下非限制性清单的自体抗原:乙酰胆碱受体、肌动蛋白、腺苷酸转运蛋白(adenin nucleotide translocator)、β-肾上腺素受体、芳香族L-氨基酸脱羧酶、脱唾液酸糖蛋白(asioaloglycoprotein)受体、杀菌/渗透性增强蛋白(Bpi)、钙敏感受体、胆固醇侧链裂解酶、IV型胶原蛋白Oy链、细胞色素P4502D6、结蛋白(desmin)、桥粒芯糖蛋白-1、桥粒芯糖蛋白-3、F-肌动蛋白、GM-神经节苷脂、谷氨酸脱羧酶、谷氨酸受体、H/K ATPase、17-[α]-羟化酶、21-羟化酶、IA-2(ICAS 12)、胰岛素、胰岛素受体、1型内因子、白细胞功能抗原1、髓鞘相关糖蛋白(myelin associated glycoprotein)、髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelin basic protein)、髓鞘少突胶质细胞蛋白(myelin oligodendrocyte protein)、肌球蛋白、P80-螺旋蛋白(coilin)、丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E2(PDC-E2)、钠/碘同向转运体(sodium iodidesymporter)、SOX-10、甲状腺和眼睛肌肉共用蛋白(thyroid and eye muscle sharedprotein)、甲状腺球蛋白、甲状腺过氧化物酶、促甲状腺激素受体、组织转谷氨酰胺酶、转录辅活化因子p75、色氨酸羟化酶、酪氨酸酶、酪氨酸羟化酶、ACTH、氨酰基-tPvNA-组氨酰合成酶、心磷脂(cardiolipin)、碳酸酐酶II、着丝粒相关蛋白、DNA依赖性核小体刺激性ATPase、纤维蛋白(fibrillarin)、纤维粘连蛋白(fibronectin)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶、β-2-糖蛋白I、高尔基体蛋白(golgin)(95、97、160、180)、热休克蛋白、半桥粒蛋白180、组蛋白H2A、组蛋白H2B、角蛋白、IgE受体、Ku-DNA蛋白激酶、Ku-核蛋白、La磷蛋白、髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxydase)、蛋白酶3、RNA聚合酶I-II、信号识别蛋白、拓扑异构酶I、微管蛋白、波形蛋白(vimenscin)、髓鞘相关少突胶质细胞碱性蛋白(MOBP)、蛋白脂蛋白(proteolipid protein)、少突胶质细胞特异性蛋白(OSP/紧密连接蛋白11)、环核苷酸3′磷酸二酯酶(CNPase)、BP抗原1(BPAGl-e)、转醛醇酶(transaldolase)(TAL)、人类线粒体自体抗原PDC-E2(Novo 1和2)、OGDC-E2(Novo 3)和BCOADC-E2(Novo 4)、大疱性类天疱疮(BP)180、层粘蛋白(laminin)5(LN5)、DEAD盒蛋白48(DDX48)或胰岛素瘤相关抗原-2。
食物抗原或自体抗原优选是重组或合成抗原。
抗原优选是选自包含卵清蛋白、酪蛋白、大豆蛋白、麦醇溶蛋白、花生蛋白、其片段、变异体和混合物的组的食物抗原。
抗原优选是选自包含胰岛素、髓鞘蛋白、热休克蛋白、桥粒芯糖蛋白、关节蛋白、蛋白酶3、其片段、变异体和混合物的组的自体抗原。
术语食物抗原或自体抗原的“变异体”在本文中是指与天然抗原几乎相同且具有相同生物活性的抗原。天然抗原与其变异体的最小差别可在于例如氨基酸取代、缺失和/或添加。所述变异体可含有例如保守性氨基酸取代,其中氨基酸残基经具有类似侧链的氨基酸残基取代。具有类似侧链的氨基酸残基家族在所属领域中已有定义,包括碱性侧链(例如赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸)、酸性侧链(例如天冬氨酸、谷氨酸)、不带电的极性侧链(例如甘氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸)、非极性侧链(例如丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甲硫氨酸、色氨酸)、β-分支侧链(例如苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸)和芳香族侧链(例如酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸)。
在本发明的一实施方案中,所述通常为健康受试对象所耐受的抗原是微生物抗原。
微生物抗原包括(但不限于)来源于例如细菌、古细菌、真菌、病毒、原生动物、寄生虫、藻类、粘菌或朊病毒等微生物的抗原。
所述微生物的实例是肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)、艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile)、流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenza)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌(Neisseria meningitidis)、大肠杆菌、幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)、卡他莫拉菌(Moraxella catarrhalis)、分枝杆菌(Mycobacteria)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)、弧菌(Vibrio)、链霉菌(Streptomyces)、幽门螺旋菌(Helicobacter)、乳酸球菌(Lactococcus)和李斯特菌(Listeria)。
抗原优选是选自包含大肠杆菌、产气肠杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌和共生菌蛋白的组的微生物抗原。
在本发明的一优选实施方案中,所述Tr1细胞和MSC是自体的。
这意味着MSC和Tr1细胞或其前体是从同一受试对象获得且将施予其所来源的受试对象。
MSC和Tr1细胞是自体的可首先允许长期的移植:不存在细胞的排斥反应且不存在同种异体反应。其次,在需要MSC呈递抗原的情况下,自体情形使得其可能实现。
本发明还涉及一种如上所述的组合物,其中Tr1细胞和MSC是分开地封装以待依序或同时施用。
依序意味着MSC可首先注射,且Tr1细胞随后注射,优选在MSC注射后的第24到48小时注射。
本发明还涉及一种包含如上所述的组合物的药物。
本发明还涉及一种医药组合物,其包含如上所述的组合物以及一种或一种以上医药学上可接受的赋形剂。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种在罹患涉及过度的、功能障碍的或不受控的自身或非自身T细胞介导免疫反应的疾病的受试对象中诱导抗原免疫特异性耐受性的方法,其包含对所述受试对象施予有效量的如上所述的药物或医药组合物。
适当的载剂和稀释剂包括等渗盐水溶液,例如磷酸盐缓冲盐水。组合物可经调配以供肠胃外、肌肉内、静脉内、腹膜内、注射、鼻内吸入、肺吸入、皮内、关节内、鞘内或经由消化道施用。
本发明的药物或医药组合物典型地是通过肌肉内、腹膜内或静脉内注射,或通过直接注射入患者淋巴结,优选通过静脉内注射而施予患者。
对受试对象的施用量典型地是104/kg到109/kg细胞,优选是105/kg到107/kg细胞且更优选是约106/kg细胞。
所述的施用途径和剂量仅打算作为指导,因为熟练技术人员能够依据例如患者的年龄、体重和病症,容易地确定用于任何特定受试对象的最佳施用途径和剂量。
在一优选实施方案中,所述涉及过度的、功能障碍的或不受控的自身或非自身T细胞介导免疫反应的疾病是自体免疫疾病、过敏性疾病或炎症性疾病。
自体免疫疾病包括(但不限于)糖尿病、多发性硬化和类风湿性关节炎。可治疗的与自体免疫疾病相关的特定病症包括:自体免疫性(桥本氏(Hasimoto′s))甲状腺炎、甲状腺机能亢进(格雷夫氏病(Graves′disease))I型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗性糖尿病、自体免疫性肾上腺功能不全(艾迪生病(Addison′s disease))、自体免疫性卵巢炎、自体免疫性睾丸炎、自体免疫性溶血性贫血、阵发性冷性血红蛋白尿、自体免疫性血小板减少症、自体免疫性嗜中性粒细胞减少症、恶性贫血、纯红细胞贫血、自体免疫性凝血障碍、重症肌无力、自体免疫性多神经炎、多发性硬化、天疱疮和其它大疱类疾病、风湿性心脏炎、古德帕斯丘综合征(Goodpasture′s syndrome)、心脏病术后综合征、系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎、舍格伦综合征(sjorgen′s syndrome)、多发性肌炎、皮肌炎、硬皮病;炎症性肠疾病:克罗恩病、溃疡性结肠炎;慢性阻塞性肺病;慢性炎症性疾病、乳糜泻(Coelic disease)、韦格纳氏病、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、原发性硬化性胆管炎、自体免疫性肝炎、脊椎关节炎。
所述自体免疫疾病优选选自包含韦格纳氏病、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、原发性硬化性胆管炎、克罗恩病、类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化和胰岛素抵抗性糖尿病的组。
过敏性疾病包括(但不限于)哮喘、鼻炎、荨麻疹、异位性皮炎、纤维化疾病和食物过敏。
炎症性病症包括(但不限于)心血管疾病、类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化、克罗恩病、炎症性肠疾病、系统性红斑狼疮、多发性肌炎、败血性休克、移植物抗宿主疾病、宿主抗移植物疾病、哮喘、鼻炎、牛皮癣、与癌症相关的恶病质或湿疹。所述炎症性疾病优选选自包含类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化和克罗恩病的组。
在本发明方法的一实施方案中,所述耐受的抗原特异性Tr1细胞和所述MSC是同时或依序施用。
依序意味着MSC可首先注射,且Tr1细胞随后注射,优选在MSC注射后的第24到48小时注射。
在本发明方法的另一实施方案中,本发明的药物或医药组合物可与传统疗法组合施用,或在另一实施方案中,与较低剂量的所述传统疗法组合施用。举例来说,本发明方法可伴随免疫抑制剂的施用一起进行,所述免疫抑制剂的剂量或所述免疫抑制剂的数目可减少。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种在受试对象中促进组织再生的方法,其包含对所述受试对象施予有效量的如上所述的药物或医药组合物。
欲治疗的组织的实例包括(但不限于)肌肉、骨头和软骨再生。
适当的载剂和稀释剂包括等渗盐水溶液,例如磷酸盐缓冲盐水。组合物可经调配以供肠胃外、肌肉内、静脉内、腹膜内、注射、鼻内吸入、肺吸入、皮内、关节内、鞘内或经由消化道(例如经由皮耶尔贴片(Peyers patches))施用。优选地,本发明的药物或医药组合物可直接施予变性组织。
对受试对象的施用量典型地是104/kg到109/kg细胞,优选是105/kg到107/kg细胞且更优选是约106/kg细胞。
所述的施用途径和剂量仅打算作为指导,因为熟练技术人员能够依据例如患者的年龄、体重和病症以及所治疗伤口的范围和严重性,容易地确定用于任何特定受试对象的最佳施用途径和剂量。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种在受试对象中治疗纤维化的方法,其包含对所述受试对象施予有效量的如上所述的药物或医药组合物。
欲治疗的纤维化的实例包括(但不限于)肝硬化、与晚期肾病相关的肾纤维化和肺纤维化。
适当的载剂和稀释剂包括等渗盐水溶液,例如磷酸盐缓冲盐水。组合物可经调配以供肠胃外、肌肉内、静脉内、腹膜内、注射、鼻内吸入、肺吸入、皮内、关节内、鞘内或经由消化道施用。
本发明的药物或医药组合物典型地是通过肌肉内、腹膜内或静脉内注射,或通过直接注射入患者淋巴结(优选通过直接静脉内注射)而施予患者。
对受试对象的施用量典型地是104/kg到109/kg细胞,优选是105/kg到107/kg细胞且更优选是约106/kg细胞。
所述的施用途径和剂量仅打算作为指导,因为熟练技术人员能够依据例如受试对象的年龄、体重和病症以及所治疗纤维化的范围和严重性,容易地确定用于任何特定受试对象的最佳施用途径和剂量。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种在组织或器官需要血管再生的受试对象中促进所述组织或器官的血管再生的方法,其包含对所述受试对象施予有效量的如上所述的药物或医药组合物。
诱导血管再生可用于治疗冠状动脉和外周动脉供血不足,且因此可以是治疗冠状动脉疾病、缺血性心脏病和外周动脉疾病的非侵入性和治愈性方法。血管再生可在除心脏外的组织和器官的疾病和病症的治疗,以及除心脏外的器官的发育和/或维持中起重要作用。血管再生可在内部和外部伤口以及皮肤溃疡的治疗中起重要作用。血管再生对于将软骨吸收与骨形成相结合以及正确的生长板形态发生也是至关重要的。血管再生在胚胎着床和胎盘生长,以及胚胎血管系统的发育中也起重要作用。
适当的载剂和稀释剂包括等渗盐水溶液,例如磷酸盐缓冲盐水。组合物可经调配以供肠胃外、肌肉内、静脉内、腹膜内、注射、鼻内吸入、肺吸入、皮内、关节内、鞘内或经由消化道施用。
本发明的药物或医药组合物典型地是通过肌肉内、腹膜内或静脉内注射,或通过直接注射入患者淋巴结(优选通过直接静脉内注射)而施予患者。
对受试对象的施用量典型地是104/kg到109/kg细胞,优选是105/kg到107/kg细胞且更优选是约106/kg细胞。
所述的施用途径和剂量仅打算作为指导,因为熟练技术人员能够依据例如患者的年龄、体重和病症,容易地确定用于任何特定受试对象的最佳施用途径和剂量。
实施例
实施例1
制备MSC
间充质干细胞是从Balb/c小鼠的脂肪组织的基质-血管部分获得。脂肪组织用0.1%胶原酶消化30分钟,且滤过70μ筛网。粘附细胞在含有10%FCS和10%马血清且补充有谷氨酰胺和青霉素和链霉素的RPMI培养基中培养。频繁监测细胞在脂肪细胞和成骨细胞谱系中的分化能力。
制备Tr1细胞
卵清蛋白特异性Tr1细胞是在存在照射的同基因抗原呈递细胞的情况下,从来自用卵清蛋白肽323-339和IL-10活化的DO11-10卵清蛋白特异性TCR转基因小鼠的稚CD4+T淋巴细胞分化而来。细胞随后通过有限稀释法克隆,以获得卵清蛋白特异性Tr1细胞的单克隆群体。实验1和2所用的细胞是从Tr1克隆的培养物获得。
T细胞的活化分析
评估Tr1细胞和MSC在抑制MLR方面的抑制能力。MLR安置于含有106个反应细胞(responder cell)(Balb/c小鼠)和106个照射的脾细胞(C57 BL6小鼠)的Transwell的下室中。MSC(3×104个细胞)和Tr1细胞(105个细胞)添加到上室中。4天后,收集MLR上清液且通过ELISA测量IFN-γ的分泌。
测定IFN-γ产生的方法
通过从BD Biosciences购买的市售ELISA评估由活化的T淋巴细胞产生的γ干扰素。
观察结果(图1)
结果证实MSC与Tr1细胞独立地抑制T细胞活化,这是通过促炎性T淋巴细胞所释放的IFN-γ的减少而测量到。共培养MSC和Tr1细胞导致抑制作用大于单独的MSC或Tr1细胞,表明这两种类型的细胞展示协同作用,使得对T细胞活化和IFN-γ释放的抑制作用得到增强。
实施例2
用右旋葡聚糖硫酸钠(Dextran Sodium Sulfate)(DSS,5%饮用水溶液)处理BALB/c小鼠以诱导急性结肠炎。一组小鼠组不进行处理,或在第1天用含有或不含来源于脂肪组织的MSC(0.5×106/小鼠)的106个卵清蛋白特异性Tr1细胞以静脉内方式处理。7天后,基于以下得分评估小鼠的临床体征:
0-无临床体征
1-体重减轻
2-体重减轻+轻微腹泻
3-体重减轻+严重腹泻
4-体重减轻+严重腹泻+粪便出血
结果显示MSC共施用可改良Tr1细胞疗法在此结肠炎模型中的功效(图2)。
Claims (24)
1.一种药物,其包含Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞。
2.一种医药组合物,其包含Tr1细胞、间充质干细胞以及一种或一种以上医药学上可接受的赋形剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其进一步包含所述Tr1细胞对其具有特异性的抗原。
4.根据权利要求2所述的医药组合物,其进一步包含所述Tr1细胞对其具有特异性的抗原。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的药物或医药组合物,其中Tr1细胞对通常为健康受试对象所耐受的抗原具有特异性。
6.根据权利要求5所述的药物或医药组合物,其中所述通常为健康受试对象所耐受的抗原为过敏原、自体抗原、食物抗原或微生物抗原。
7.根据权利要求1到4中任一权利要求所述的药物或医药组合物,其中所述Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞是自体的。
8.根据权利要求5所述的药物或医药组合物,其中所述Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞是自体的。
9.根据权利要求6所述的药物或医药组合物,其中所述Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞是自体的。
10.根据权利要求1到4中任一权利要求所述的药物或医药组合物,其中Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞是分开地封装以待依序或同时施用。
11.根据权利要求5所述的药物或医药组合物,其中Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞是分开地封装以待依序或同时施用。
12.根据权利要求6所述的药物或医药组合物,其中Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞是分开地封装以待依序或同时施用。
13.根据权利要求7所述的药物或医药组合物,其中Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞是分开地封装以待依序或同时施用。
14.根据权利要求8所述的药物或医药组合物,其中Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞是分开地封装以待依序或同时施用。
15.根据权利要求9所述的药物或医药组合物,其中Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞是分开地封装以待依序或同时施用。
16.Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞在制备用于在罹患涉及过度的、功能障碍的或不受控的自身或非自身T细胞介导的免疫反应的疾病的受试对象中诱导抗原免疫特异性耐受性的权利要求1-15任一项所述的药物或医药组合物中的用途。
17.根据权利要求16所述的用途,其中所述疾病是自体免疫疾病、过敏性疾病或炎症性疾病。
18.根据权利要求16所述的用途,其中所述疾病是选自包含韦格纳氏病、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、原发性硬化性胆管炎、克罗恩病、类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化和胰岛素抵抗性糖尿病的组的自体免疫疾病。
19.根据权利要求16所述的用途,其中所述疾病是选自包含类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化、克罗恩病的组的炎症性疾病。
20.根据权利要求16所述的用途,其中所述疾病是选自包含哮喘、鼻炎、荨麻疹、异位性皮炎、纤维化疾病和食物过敏的组的过敏性疾病。
21.根据权利要求16到20中任一权利要求所述的用途,其中所述Tr1细胞和所述间充质干细胞是同时或依序施用。
22.Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞在制备用于在有需要的受试对象中促进组织再生的权利要求1-15任一项所述的药物或医药组合物中的用途。
23.Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞在制备用于在有需要的受试对象中治疗纤维化的权利要求1-15任一项所述的药物或医药组合物中的用途。
24.Tr1细胞和间充质干细胞在制备用于在有需要的受试对象中促进器官或组织的血管再生的权利要求1-15任一项所述的药物或医药组合物中的用途。
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GB201202319D0 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2012-03-28 | Orbsen Therapeutics Ltd | Stromal stem cells |
WO2013125899A1 (ko) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-29 | 주식회사 강스템홀딩스 | 줄기세포를 유효 성분으로 함유하는 면역 질환 또는 염증 질환의 예방 또는 치료용 조성물 |
AU2013360026B2 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2018-06-21 | Mesoblast, Inc. | Methods of treating or preventing respiratory conditions |
BR112015026258A2 (pt) | 2013-04-16 | 2017-10-10 | Orbsen Therapeutics Ltd | composições e agentes terapêuticos e imunomoduladores, e usos dos mesmos |
WO2014207679A1 (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2014-12-31 | Tigenix S.A.U. | Cell populations having immunoregulatory activity, methods for the preparation and uses thereof |
WO2015035235A1 (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-03-12 | Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Cientificas Y Tecnicas (Conicet) | Compositions and methods for increasing mesenchymal stromal cell migration to tumors |
WO2016048052A1 (ko) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-03-31 | 주식회사 강스템바이오텍 | 비만세포 과립을 처리한 줄기세포 또는 그 배양물을 포함하는 면역질환 또는 염증질환의 예방 또는 치료용 약학조성물 |
US10124038B2 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2018-11-13 | Orbsen Therapeutics Limited | Modulators of syndecan-2 and uses thereof |
CA2983950A1 (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2016-10-27 | Tigenix S.A.U. | Biomarkers for determining the clinical response to cell therapy |
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