CN101830741B - Closed aerobic composting method for sludge - Google Patents
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- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 10
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域： Technical field:
本发明属于好氧堆肥技术领域，具体涉及一种污泥封闭式好氧堆肥的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of aerobic composting, and in particular relates to a method for closed aerobic composting of sludge.
背景技术： Background technique:
好氧堆肥是在有氧条件下，好氧细菌对废物进行吸收、氧化、分解，微生物通过自身的生命活动，把一部分被吸收的有机物氧化成简单的无机物，同时释放出可供微生物生长活动所需的能量，而另一部分有机物则被合成新的细胞质，使微生物不断生长繁殖，产生出更多的生物体的过程。在有机物生化降解的同时，伴有大量热量产生，如果不加以利用，这些热量会随着尾气直接排走，会造成大量的浪费。另外，堆肥过程中也会产生臭味，这些臭味会随着尾气直接排到空气中，严重污染周围的空气。Aerobic composting means that under aerobic conditions, aerobic bacteria absorb, oxidize, and decompose waste. Through their own life activities, microorganisms oxidize part of the absorbed organic matter into simple inorganic matter, and at the same time release activity that can be used for microbial growth. The energy required, while another part of the organic matter is synthesized into new cytoplasm, so that the microorganisms continue to grow and reproduce, and produce more organisms. During the biochemical degradation of organic matter, a large amount of heat is generated. If not utilized, the heat will be directly discharged along with the exhaust gas, which will cause a lot of waste. In addition, the composting process will also produce odors, which will be directly discharged into the air along with the exhaust gas, seriously polluting the surrounding air.
发明内容： Invention content:
本发明的目的是提供一种既能利用尾气余热又可同时实现空气零污染的污泥封闭式好氧堆肥的方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for closed aerobic composting of sludge which can utilize the waste heat of tail gas and realize zero air pollution at the same time.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:
一种污泥封闭式好氧堆肥的方法，它包括以下步骤：A method for closed aerobic composting of sludge, which comprises the following steps:
(1)、将污泥加入调理剂及菌种混合均匀，于封闭式堆场中的发酵条垛进行好氧发酵；(1) Add conditioner and strains to the sludge and mix evenly, and carry out aerobic fermentation in the fermentation bar pile in the closed storage yard;
(2)、将好氧发酵过程中产生的尾气进行脱水；(2), the tail gas produced in the aerobic fermentation process is dehydrated;
(3)、将尾气中的热值气体进行收集送至发酵条垛。(3) Collect the calorific value gas in the tail gas and send it to the fermentation bar stack.
所述好氧发酵的氧气供应是在发酵条垛底部接曝气管，由电脑控制鼓风机通过曝气管供氧。The oxygen supply for the aerobic fermentation is to connect the aeration pipe at the bottom of the fermentation bar stack, and the air blower is controlled by a computer to supply oxygen through the aeration pipe.
所述尾气中的热值气体是通过设置于发酵条垛上部的余热利用管进行收集，所述余热利用管与所述曝气管相通。The calorific value gas in the tail gas is collected through the waste heat utilization pipe arranged on the upper part of the fermentation bar stack, and the waste heat utilization pipe communicates with the aeration pipe.
所述好氧发酵时的供氧量为0.1～0.2m3/m3.min。The oxygen supply during the aerobic fermentation is 0.1-0.2m 3 /m 3 .min.
所述好氧发酵时的PH值为6.5-8.5。The pH value during the aerobic fermentation is 6.5-8.5.
所述好氧发酵时的的水分为50～50％。The moisture content during the aerobic fermentation is 50-50%.
所述发酵条垛每3-7天翻堆一次。The pile of fermented strips is turned once every 3-7 days.
所述好氧发酵分为起始阶段、高温阶段和熟化阶段，所述起始阶段为升温阶段，温度控制在80℃以下；所述高温阶段的温度为60-80℃；所述熟化阶段的温度为周围环境温度。The aerobic fermentation is divided into an initial stage, a high temperature stage and a ripening stage. The initial stage is a heating stage, and the temperature is controlled below 80°C; the temperature of the high temperature stage is 60-80°C; The temperature is the ambient temperature.
本发明的有益效果为：该种污泥封闭式好氧堆肥的方法，依次包括以下步骤：将污泥加入调理剂及菌种混合均匀，于封闭式堆场中的发酵条垛进行好氧发酵；将好氧发酵过程中产生的尾气进行脱水；将尾气中的热值气体进行收集送至发酵条垛。本发明采用堆场密闭式堆肥，加上热尾气的循环利用，保证了密闭堆场的温度，节约了大量能耗，并保证堆场的环境的温度稳定，节约了发酵时间，有利于发酵完全；本发明热尾气的循环利用实现了尾气的零排放、对周围的空气没有任何污染。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the method for closed aerobic composting of sludge comprises the following steps in sequence: adding conditioner and strains to the sludge and mixing them evenly, and performing aerobic fermentation in the fermentation stacks in the closed storage yard ; Dehydrate the tail gas produced in the aerobic fermentation process; collect the calorific value gas in the tail gas and send it to the fermentation bar stack. The present invention adopts the closed composting of the storage yard, coupled with the recycling of hot tail gas, ensures the temperature of the closed storage yard, saves a lot of energy consumption, and ensures the stability of the environment temperature of the storage yard, saves the fermentation time, and is conducive to complete fermentation ; The recycling of the hot tail gas in the present invention realizes the zero discharge of the tail gas without any pollution to the surrounding air.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
下面是本发明以实施例作进一步说明，并不是把本发明的实施范围限制于此。Below is that the present invention is described further with embodiment, does not limit the implementation scope of the present invention hereto.
一种污泥封闭式好氧堆肥的方法，它包括以下步骤：A method for closed aerobic composting of sludge, which comprises the following steps:
(1)、将污泥加入调理剂及菌种混合均匀，于封闭式堆场中的发酵条垛进行好氧发酵；(1) Add conditioner and strains to the sludge and mix evenly, and carry out aerobic fermentation in the fermentation bar pile in the closed storage yard;
污泥可以是造纸污泥，也可以是生活污泥，当然也可以是其它类型的污泥。污泥本身不是一个非常好的堆肥物料，降解性差，孔隙率低，含水率高，须添加大量调理剂来松散污泥，常用的调理剂有稻草、木屑、花生壳、米糠等，当然也可以采用其他本领域常用调理剂。菌种采用美国碧沃丰的BZT生物菌种，当然也可以采用本领域常用的其它菌种，这里不作赘述。The sludge can be papermaking sludge, domestic sludge, or other types of sludge. Sludge itself is not a very good compost material, with poor degradability, low porosity, and high moisture content. A large amount of conditioner must be added to loosen the sludge. Commonly used conditioners include straw, wood chips, peanut shells, rice bran, etc. Use other conditioning agents commonly used in the art. BZT biological strains from Bioform USA are used as the strains, and of course other strains commonly used in this field can also be used, which will not be repeated here.
(2)、将好氧发酵过程中产生的尾气进行脱水处理，因为在堆肥工艺中，堆肥原料的含水率对发酵过程影响很大，水的作用一是溶解有机物，参与微生物的新陈代谢；作用二是可以调节堆肥温度，当温度过高时可通过水分的蒸发，带走一部分热量。水分太低妨碍微生物的繁殖，使分解速度缓慢，甚至导致分解反应停止。水分过高则会导致原料内部空隙被水充满，使空气量减少，造成向有机物供氧不足，形成厌氧状态。本发明好氧发酵时的的水分为50～50％。本发明将尾气进行循环利用，为了防止水分过高，所以要进行脱水处理，脱水处理可采用无水氯化钙、也可采用高分子胶体，当然也可采用其它脱水方式，这些是常用的手段，不作赘述。(2) Dehydrate the tail gas produced during the aerobic fermentation process, because in the composting process, the moisture content of the compost raw materials has a great influence on the fermentation process. The first function of water is to dissolve organic matter and participate in the metabolism of microorganisms; the second function It is possible to adjust the compost temperature, and when the temperature is too high, part of the heat can be taken away through the evaporation of water. Too low moisture hinders the reproduction of microorganisms, slows down the decomposition rate, and even stops the decomposition reaction. Excessive moisture will cause the internal voids of the raw materials to be filled with water, reducing the amount of air, resulting in insufficient oxygen supply to the organic matter, forming an anaerobic state. The moisture in the aerobic fermentation of the present invention is 50-50%. In the present invention, tail gas is recycled. In order to prevent excessive moisture, dehydration treatment is required. Anhydrous calcium chloride can be used for dehydration treatment, and polymer colloid can also be used. Of course, other dehydration methods can also be used. These are commonly used means , without repeating details.
(3)、将尾气中的热值气体进行收集送至发酵条垛，循环利用，可节约能耗、保证堆场的温度稳定、节约发酵时间，实现尾气零排放、有利于空气清洁。(3) Collect the calorific value gas in the tail gas and send it to the fermentation stack for recycling, which can save energy consumption, ensure the temperature stability of the storage yard, save fermentation time, realize zero emission of tail gas, and help clean air.
所述好氧发酵的氧气供应是在发酵条垛底部接曝气管，由电脑控制鼓风机通过曝气管供氧。对于好氧堆肥而言，氧气是微生物赖以生存的物质条件，供氧不足会造成大量微生物死亡，使分解速度减慢；但供冷空气量过大又会使温度降低，尤其不利于耐高温菌的氧化分解过程，因此供氧量要适当，本发明供氧量为0.1～0.2m3/m3.min。The oxygen supply of the aerobic fermentation is to connect the aeration pipe at the bottom of the fermentation bar, and the air blower is controlled by the computer to supply oxygen through the aeration pipe. For aerobic composting, oxygen is the material condition for microorganisms to survive. Insufficient oxygen supply will cause a large number of microorganisms to die and slow down the decomposition rate; but too much cooling air will reduce the temperature, which is especially not conducive to high temperature resistance Oxidative decomposition process of bacteria, so the amount of oxygen supply should be appropriate, the oxygen supply amount of the present invention is 0.1-0.2m 3 /m 3 .min.
其中，所述尾气中的热值气体是通过设置于发酵条垛上部的余热利用管进行收集，所述余热利用管与所述曝气管相通，通过曝气管进行循环和余热利用。Wherein, the calorific value gas in the tail gas is collected through the waste heat utilization pipe arranged on the upper part of the fermentation bar stack, and the waste heat utilization pipe communicates with the aeration pipe, and the circulation and waste heat utilization are carried out through the aeration pipe.
所述好氧发酵时的PH值为6.5-8.5，在中性或微碱性条件下，细菌和放线菌生长最适宜，有利于有机物的分解。The pH value during the aerobic fermentation is 6.5-8.5, and the growth of bacteria and actinomycetes is most suitable under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions, which is beneficial to the decomposition of organic matter.
所述发酵条垛每3-7天翻堆一次，以调整其通透性，以提供堆体中微生物群的氧气需求，翻堆的频率在堆肥初期可为3天，堆肥的后期可为7天，当然也可以根据情况进行适当调整。The fermented bar pile is turned once every 3-7 days to adjust its permeability to provide the oxygen demand of the microorganisms in the heap. The frequency of turning can be 3 days in the initial stage of composting, and can be 7 days in the later stage of composting. Of course, it can also be adjusted appropriately according to the situation.
所述好氧发酵分为起始阶段、高温阶段和熟化阶段，所述起始阶段为升温阶段，不耐高温的细菌分解有机物中易降解的碳水化合物、脂肪等，同时放出热量使温度上升，温度控制在80℃以下；在所述高温阶段，耐高温细菌迅速繁殖，在有氧条件下，大部分较难降解的蛋白质、纤维等继续被氧化分解，同时放出大量热能，温度上升，温度控制在60-80℃，既能杀灭病原菌和寄生虫卵又不会抑制微生物分解有机物的速率。当有机物基本降解完，嗜热菌因缺乏养料而停止生长，产热随之停止，堆肥的温度逐渐下降，当温度稳定在40℃，堆肥基本达到稳定，形成腐植质。The aerobic fermentation is divided into an initial stage, a high temperature stage, and a ripening stage. The initial stage is a heating stage, where bacteria that are not resistant to high temperatures decompose easily degradable carbohydrates and fats in organic matter, and at the same time release heat to raise the temperature. The temperature is controlled below 80°C; in the high-temperature stage, high-temperature-resistant bacteria multiply rapidly, and under aerobic conditions, most of the proteins and fibers that are difficult to degrade continue to be oxidized and decomposed, and a large amount of heat energy is released at the same time. At 60-80°C, it can kill pathogenic bacteria and parasite eggs without inhibiting the rate of microbial decomposition of organic matter. When the organic matter is basically degraded, the thermophilic bacteria stop growing due to lack of nutrients, and the heat production stops, and the temperature of the compost gradually drops. When the temperature is stable at 40°C, the compost basically reaches stability and forms humus.
所述熟化阶段的温度为周围环境温度，即冷却后的堆肥，仍有一些新的微生物借助残余有机物(包括死后的细菌残体)而生长，将堆肥过程最终完成。The temperature in the aging stage is the ambient temperature, that is, the cooled compost, there are still some new microorganisms growing with the help of residual organic matter (including post-mortem bacterial residues), and the composting process is finally completed.
以上所述仅是本发明的较佳实施方式，故凡依本发明专利申请范围所述的构造、特征及原理所做的等效变化或修饰，均包括于本发明专利申请范围内。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, so all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the structure, features and principles described in the scope of the patent application of the present invention are included in the scope of the patent application of the present invention.
Claims (7)
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| CN104446718A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-03-25 | 青岛市环境卫生科研所 | Pretreatment method of sludge composting feed |
| CN108862982A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-11-23 | 中山市和智电子科技有限公司 | A kind of zero tail gas compost reaction system having both sludge dewatering |
| CN113751464B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-04-21 | 田园牧歌生态环境科技(江苏)有限公司 | Solid waste organic matter processing system |
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| CN1337381A (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2002-02-27 | 郭高友 | Technological process of producing high-quality organic fertilizer with domestic garbage |
| CN1762863A (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-26 | 吴为中 | Sludge drying and resource disposal process |
| CN101486613A (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2009-07-22 | 沃邦（江苏）生态肥业有限公司 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer by mixed fermentation of water hyacinth and dewatered sludge |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1337381A (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2002-02-27 | 郭高友 | Technological process of producing high-quality organic fertilizer with domestic garbage |
| CN1762863A (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-26 | 吴为中 | Sludge drying and resource disposal process |
| CN101486613A (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2009-07-22 | 沃邦（江苏）生态肥业有限公司 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer by mixed fermentation of water hyacinth and dewatered sludge |
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