CN103708689B - Sterilization, deodorization and deep-dehydration method for livestock excrements - Google Patents
Sterilization, deodorization and deep-dehydration method for livestock excrements Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of treatment of livestock excrements, and in particular relates to a sterilization, deodorization and deep-dehydration method for livestock excrements. The method comprises the steps of acidification, namely adjusting the pH of the livestock excrements to be 3 to 6 by using acid; oxidization, namely adding an oxidizing agent into the acidified livestock excrements at the ratio that 0.5 to 1.2 moles of oxidizing agent is added into every kilogram of dry livestock excrements, and performing uniform stirring; microwave heating treatment, namely heating the oxidized livestock excrements to 95 to 120 DEG C by using microwaves, and continuing performing microwave treatment while stirring for 5 to 12 minutes at the temperature; pressure filtration dehydration, namely performing pressure filtration dehydration on the microwave-treated livestock excrements by using a pressure filter. The method is low in using cost, easy to operate and high in treatment speed, and the treated livestock excrements are high in solid recovery rate, low in heat value reduction and high in dehydration degree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to poultry excrement and urine disposal field, specifically relate to a kind of feces of livestock and poultry sterilization, deodorizing and deep dehydration method.
Background technology
Within 2003, China's feces of livestock and poultry generation is about 31.90 hundred million tons, be that industry produces 3.2 times of solid waste (1,000,000,000 tons) then, and feces of livestock and poultry generation improves just year by year.While feces of livestock and poultry total amount is large; the intensive degree of livestock and poultry breeding industry improves constantly; 2009; the large-scale degree of live pig, milk cow and laying hen reaches 61%, 42%, 79% respectively; this makes the contradiction between feces of livestock and poultry and environment highlight gradually, and feces of livestock and poultry receives much attention to the disadvantageous effect that water body, soil and atmospheric environment produce.
The water ratio of feces of livestock and poultry is very high, and the water content of fresh pig manure is up to 70-85%, and fresh cow dung water ratio is 80-90%, and fresh chicken manure water ratio is about 75-90%, and the water ratio that water rushes excrement is 95-98%, and the water ratio of bubble excrement is 90-95%.China requires that graininess biological organic fertilizer water ratio is not more than 15%, and the initial aqueous rate of compost optimum is 50-65%.The feces of livestock and poultry being used as burning requires that water ratio is no more than 20%.As from the foregoing, reducing water ratio is the key that livestock and poultry dung recovery utilizes.
Feces of livestock and poultry is made up of jointly indigested feed nutrient, interior metabolism product, gastrointestinal mucosal, secretory product, enteric microorganism and degradation production thereof etc.Planar water, capillary water that these materials make the moisture of feces of livestock and poultry remove based on difficulty, the gravity water ratio easily removed is few.How to destroy the water storage structure in feces of livestock and poultry, transfer the planar water not easily removed, capillary water to emphasis that the gravity water easily removed is reduction feces of livestock and poultry water ratio.
The method that feces of livestock and poultry dehydration adopts both at home and abroad mainly contains high temperature and rapid drying, biologically dehydrating and mechanical dehydration.Compare with biologically dehydrating with thermal dehydration mode, mechanical presses has the advantage that energy consumption is low and the cycle is short.Therefore, mechanical dehydration is widely used in dehydration.Although solid part water ratio is all lower than 60% after solid-liquid separation for livestock and poultry excrement solid-liquid separating machine popular on the market now, the solid recovery rate of solid-liquid separating machine is not high (all lower than 30%), and total nitrogen, total phosphorous recovery are lower.This can cause the waste of resource, and greatly increases later stage sewage disposal expense, also increases the weight of the impact on environment.
By contrast flocculation agent, tensio-active agent and acid, feces of livestock and poultry is processed, find that flocculence is merely able to improve rate of water loss, and tensio-active agent and acidifying can improve degree of dehydration.After adding flocculation agent dehydration, the water ratio of feces of livestock and poultry is still very high.
In recent years, domestic also have some methods that patent reports feces of livestock and poultry dehydration, such as:
1, " a kind of compost method feces of livestock and poultry being carried out to biologically dehydrating " (application number: add fly maggot and carry out fermentative processing after being divided by feces of livestock and poultry when adding biological fermentation microbial inoculum by pig manure in patent 201010104194.1), the water ratio in pig manure is dropped to can the degree of compost treatment.The method cycle is long, 7-12 days and just can complete dehydration.Therefore infrastructure investment is large, and occupied ground is also large, is not suitable for large-scale industrial production.
2, " solid-liquid separation one obligate biological bacteria aerobic compost harmless resource utilization ecology comprehensive utilization animal waste " (application number: by solid-liquid separation technique, feces of livestock and poultry higher for water capacity is carried out solid-liquid separation in patent 200610020734.1), thus reduce its water capacity, solid-liquid separating machine is furnished with 0.3,0.5,0.75, the screen cloth of the different model mesh such as 1.0mm.The method sieve aperture is large, and then solid recovery rate is low; The little then solid recovery rate of sieve aperture is high, but sieve aperture easily blocks.Relative filter cloth, the screen cloth of this solid-liquid separating machine is very large, causes the solid recovery rate of feces of livestock and poultry very low, all lower than 30%.This is unfavorable for that the late resourceization of solid utilizes, and also greatly can increase the weight of the difficulty of sewage disposal.
3, " a kind of decontamination of human excreta recycling processing method " (application number: use pumping liquid manure in flocculation reaction tank in patent 201210251613.3), add flocculating polymer medicament and carry out flocculation reaction, the excrement slag of tiny solid thing and colloidal particulate content isolated by liquid manure after flocculation in water extracter through screw extrusion, filtrate entering is gathered huge legendary turtle and closed process.After the method adds flocculation agent, dehydration is merely able to improve rate of water loss and can not improve degree of dehydration, therefore the water ratio of feces of livestock and poultry after dehydration is still very high, and the ight soil of high-moisture is unfavorable for that late resourceization utilizes.
4, " treatment method of poultry manure " (application number: dry under brid guano being placed in patent 201010233989.2) high temperature of 500-650 DEG C, can be by water ratio about 80% brid guano dry to about 20% moisture.Often energy consumption is very high to adopt the dry feces of livestock and poultry of the mode of hyperthermia drying, and the cost caused thus is very high, is thus difficult to popularization and comes.
These methods above-mentioned have respective shortcoming, therefore urgently find the feces of livestock and poultry dewatering that a kind of speed is fast, the cycle is short, solid recovery rate is high, degree of dehydration is high, energy consumption is low, cost is low.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide that a kind of solid recovery rate is high, calorific value declines less and the feces of livestock and poultry sterilization that degree of dehydration is high, deodorizing and deep dehydration method, and present method use cost is low, simple to operate, and processing speed is fast.
Technical scheme of the present invention comprises the steps,
A. acidifying: with acid by the pH regulator to 3 of feces of livestock and poultry ~ 6;
B. be oxidized: the ratio adding 0.5 ~ 1.2mol oxygenant in every kilogram of feces of livestock and poultry dry weight adds oxygenant in the feces of livestock and poultry after acidifying, stirs;
C. microwave heating treatment: the feces of livestock and poultry microwave heating after oxidation is warming up to 95 ~ 120 DEG C, microwave treatment 5-12min at this temperature of continuation maintenance, stirs feces of livestock and poultry while microwave treatment;
D. filter-press dehydration: by the feces of livestock and poultry after microwave treatment through pressure filter filter-press dehydration.
As optimal technical scheme, described oxygenant is hydrogen peroxide, ozone, Sodium Persulfate, Potassium Persulphate or potassium permanganate.
Described acid is sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, formic acid or tartrate.
In described steps d, the hole aperture of the filter cloth that pressure filter adopts is 20 ~ 80 μm.
In described steps d, pressure filter is diaphragm filter press, plate-and-frame filter press or chamber-type press filter.
Described feces of livestock and poultry by the following method one or method two in any one obtain:
Method one: rush excrement technique by water, feces of livestock and poultry that bubble excrement technique obtains;
Method two: the water ratio of the feces of livestock and poultry dry clear excrement technique obtained is adjusted to the feces of livestock and poultry after 90 ~ 92%.
Described feces of livestock and poultry is one or more in pig manure, cow dung, sheep excrement, rabbit excrement, chicken manure, duck excrement, goose excrement, pigeon dung, quail excrement, turkey excrement.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows,
1, process range of the present invention is wide, is no matter the feces of livestock and poultry that water rushes excrement technique, bubble excrement technique, dry clear excrement technique obtain, or pig manure, cow dung, sheep excrement, rabbit excrement, chicken manure, duck excrement, goose excrement, pigeon dung, quail excrement, turkey excrement can both process.
2, the present invention adopts microwave to strengthen acidifying oxidation technology, capillary water absorbing time reduces greatly, the capillary water slough being difficult in feces of livestock and poultry and planar water become the gravity water easily removed, make feces of livestock and poultry degree of dehydration high, water ratio can reach less than 50%, the weight and volume of feces of livestock and poultry greatly reduces, and significantly reduces subsequent disposal expense, and is conducive to the follow-up disposal of feces of livestock and poultry.
3, the present invention adopts the pressure filter press filtration that the minimum filter cloth in hole aperture is housed, and because feces of livestock and poultry is after the HCl dropwise oxide treatment of microwave, filter cloth is difficult to blocking, and not only speed of filter pressing is fast, and solid recovery rate is up to more than 90%.
4, after process of the present invention, total nitrogen recovery of feces of livestock and poultry reaches more than 80%, and total phosphorous recovery reaches more than 90%.Remain majority of plant nutritive element N, P, be conducive to the recycling in later stage, also prevent from causing body eutrophication.
5, the present invention can not only dewater, can also deodorizing, sterilizing.
6, the feces of livestock and poultry calorific value after process of the present invention is declined by less than 5%, and the feces of livestock and poultry after dehydration is highly suitable for compost, mummification, burning, production biomass fuel.
7, the present invention is simple to operate, and cost is low, and processing speed is fast, is convenient to large-scale industrial production.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present invention includes following steps:
A. acidifying: will rush the pH regulator to 6 of the pig manure that excrement technique obtains through water with the vitriol oil, the water ratio of this pig manure is 97%.
B. hydrogen peroxide is added: the ratio then adding 0.5mol hydrogen peroxide in every kilogram of pig manure dry weight adds hydrogen peroxide in the pig manure regulating pH value, stirs.
C. microwave heating treatment: after again the pig manure being added with hydrogen peroxide being heated to 95 DEG C under microwave, microwave treatment 5min at this temperature of continuation maintenance, will stir pig manure while microwave treatment.
D. filter-press dehydration: pig manure microwave treatment crossed obtains the pig manure after dewatering through diaphragm filter press filter-press dehydration, and this diaphragm filter press filter cloth hole aperture is about 25 μm.
Before measuring process respectively, after process, the Hygienic Index of pig manure, comprises total plate count, excrement colibacillus group bacterium value and infectivity pathogenic bacteria, the results are shown in Table shown in 1.
Table 1 the inventive method is on the impact of pig manure Hygienic Index
Untreated feces of livestock and poultry contains higher organic content, simultaneously containing a large amount of pathogenic micro-organisms, roundworm egg, and be attended by stench, without strict process, the recycling of feces of livestock and poultry can be affected, easily cause secondary pollution, as shown in Table 1, after the inventive method process, total plate count, excrement colibacillus group and roundworm egg significantly reduce, stink declines, meet " feces of livestock and poultry is field technical specifications also " (GB/T25246-2010), " livestock and poultry breeding industry pollutant emission standard " (GB18596-2001), " decontamination of human excreta hygienic standard " (GB7959-87), standards such as " feces of livestock and poultry innoxious process for treating specification " (NY/T1168-2006), be conducive to the following resource of feces of livestock and poultry, recovery energy.
The capillary water absorbing time 239S of untreated pig manure in the present embodiment, untreated pig manure dry base heat value 16.29MJ/kg.Pig manure capillary water absorbing time 36S after process of the present invention, water ratio is 49%, solid recovery rate 91.2%, total nitrogen recovery 80.5%, total phosphorous recovery 92.7%, dry base heat value 16.07MJ/kg.
Embodiment 2
The present invention includes following steps:
A. acidifying: after the water ratio doing the cow dung (initial aqueous rate is 85%) that clear excrement technique obtains is adjusted to 92%, will the cow dung pH regulator to 5 of water ratio be regulated with acetic acid.
B. Sodium Persulfate is added: the ratio then adding 0.8mol Sodium Persulfate in every kilogram of cow dung dry weight adds Sodium Persulfate in the cow dung regulating pH value, stirs.
C. microwave heating treatment: after again the cow dung being added with Sodium Persulfate being heated to 100 DEG C under microwave, microwave treatment 12min at this temperature of continuation maintenance, will stir cow dung while microwave treatment.
D. filter-press dehydration: the cow dung of microwave treatment being crossed obtains the cow dung after dewatering through diaphragm filter press filter-press dehydration, and this diaphragm filter press filter cloth hole aperture is about 70 μm.
In the present embodiment, the capillary water absorbing time of untreated cow dung is greater than 3000S(range 3000s), untreated cow dung dry base heat value 17.43MJ/kg.Cow dung capillary water absorbing time 127S after process of the present invention, cow dung water ratio is 48%, solid recovery rate 95.7%, total nitrogen recovery 82.3%, total phosphorous recovery 93.5%, and dry base heat value 17.17MJ/kg, without obvious stink.
Embodiment 3
The present invention includes following steps:
A. acidifying: the pH regulator to 3 of pig manure will obtained through bubble excrement technique with hydrochloric acid, the water ratio of this pig manure is 90%.
B. Potassium Persulphate is added: the ratio then adding 1.0mol Potassium Persulphate in every kilogram of pig manure dry weight adds Potassium Persulphate in the pig manure regulating pH value, stirs.
C. microwave heating treatment: after again the pig manure being added with Potassium Persulphate being heated to 115 DEG C under microwave, microwave treatment 10min at this temperature of continuation maintenance, will stir pig manure while microwave treatment.
D. filter-press dehydration: pig manure microwave treatment crossed obtains the pig manure after dewatering through chamber-type press filter filter-press dehydration should be about 60 μm every chamber-type press filter filter cloth hole aperture.
The capillary water absorbing time 817S of untreated pig manure in the present embodiment, untreated pig manure dry base heat value 16.47MJ/kg.Pig manure capillary water absorbing time 109S after process of the present invention, water ratio is 48%, solid recovery rate 92.3%, total nitrogen recovery 85.7%, total phosphorous recovery 91.3%, and dry base heat value 16.15MJ/kg, without obvious stink.
Embodiment 4
The present invention includes following steps:
A. acidifying: after the water ratio doing the pig manure (initial aqueous rate is 72%) that clear excrement technique obtains is adjusted to 90%, will the pig manure pH regulator to 3 of water ratio be regulated with nitric acid.
B. hydrogen peroxide is added: the ratio then adding 1.2mol hydrogen peroxide in every kilogram of pig manure dry weight adds hydrogen peroxide in the pig manure regulating pH value, stirs.
C. microwave heating treatment: after again the pig manure being added with hydrogen peroxide being heated to 120 DEG C under microwave, microwave treatment 11min at this temperature of continuation maintenance, will stir pig manure while microwave treatment.
D. filter-press dehydration: pig manure microwave treatment crossed obtains the pig manure after dewatering through diaphragm filter press filter-press dehydration, and this diaphragm filter press filter cloth hole aperture is about 55 μm.
In the present embodiment, the capillary water absorbing time of untreated pig manure is greater than the range 3000s of this capillary water absorbing time survey meter of 3000S(), untreated pig manure dry base heat value 15.89MJ/kg.Pig manure capillary water absorbing time 105.6S after process of the present invention, water ratio 49%, solid recovery rate 94.2%, total nitrogen recovery 81.8%, total phosphorous recovery 93.2%, dry base heat value 15.60MJ/kg, without obvious stink.
Embodiment 5
The present invention includes following steps:
A. acidifying: will rush the pH regulator to 5 of the sheep excrement that excrement technique obtains through water with tartrate, the water ratio of this sheep excrement is 95%.
B. hydrogen peroxide is added: the ratio then heavily adding 0.9mol hydrogen peroxide in every kilogram of sheep argol adds hydrogen peroxide in the sheep excrement regulating pH value, stirs.
C. microwave heating treatment: after again the sheep excrement being added with hydrogen peroxide being heated to 105 DEG C under microwave, continues to keep this temperature microwave treatment 10min, will stir sheep excrement while microwave treatment.
D. filter-press dehydration: sheep excrement microwave treatment crossed obtains the sheep excrement after dewatering through diaphragm filter press filter-press dehydration.This diaphragm filter press filter cloth hole aperture is about 40 μm.
The capillary water absorbing time 395.3S of untreated sheep excrement in the present embodiment, untreated sheep excrement dry base heat value 14.36MJ/kg.Sheep excrement capillary water absorbing time 74.2S after process of the present invention, water ratio is 49%, solid recovery rate 90.6%, total nitrogen recovery 80.5%, total phosphorous recovery 92.7%, and dry base heat value 14.02MJ/kg, without obvious stink.
Embodiment 6
The present invention includes following steps:
A. acidifying: after the water ratio doing the chicken manure (initial aqueous rate is 81%) that clear excrement technique obtains is adjusted to 91%, will the chicken manure pH regulator to 4 of water ratio be regulated with oxalic acid.
B. potassium permanganate is added: the ratio then adding 0.7mol potassium permanganate in every kilogram of chicken manure dry weight adds potassium permanganate in the chicken manure regulating pH value, stirs.
C. microwave heating treatment: after again the chicken manure being added with potassium permanganate being heated to 110 DEG C under microwave, microwave treatment 8min at this temperature of continuation maintenance, will stir chicken manure while microwave treatment.
D. filter-press dehydration: chicken manure microwave treatment crossed obtains the chicken manure after dewatering through plate-and-frame filter press filter-press dehydration.This filter cloth for plate-frame type filter presses hole aperture is about 70 μm.
In the present embodiment, the capillary water absorbing time of untreated chicken manure is greater than 3000S(range 3000s), untreated chicken manure dry base heat value 13.49MJ/kg.Chicken manure capillary water absorbing time 98.7S after process of the present invention, water ratio 48%, solid recovery rate 95.3%, total nitrogen recovery 86.4%, total phosphorous recovery 94.2%, dry base heat value 13.23MJ/kg, without obvious stink.
Embodiment 7
The present invention includes following steps:
A. acidifying: will rush the pH regulator to 6 of the duck excrement that excrement technique obtains through water with citric acid, the water ratio of this duck excrement is 95%.
B. ozone is added: the ratio then heavily adding 0.5mol ozone in every kilogram of duck argol adds ozone in the duck excrement regulating pH value, stirs.
C. microwave heating treatment: after again the duck excrement being added with ozone being heated to 100 DEG C under microwave, microwave treatment 6min at this temperature of continuation maintenance, will stir duck excrement while microwave treatment.
D. filter-press dehydration: duck excrement microwave treatment crossed obtains the duck excrement after dewatering through diaphragm filter press filter-press dehydration.This diaphragm filter press filter cloth hole aperture is about 30 μm.
In the present embodiment, the capillary water absorbing time of untreated duck excrement is 362.8S, untreated duck excrement dry base heat value 11.16MJ/kg.Duck excrement capillary water absorbing time 76S after process of the present invention, water ratio 47%, solid recovery rate 93.1%, total nitrogen recovery 83.1%, total phosphorous recovery 94.3%, dry base heat value 11.04MJ/kg, without obvious stink.
Embodiment 8
The present invention includes following steps:
A. acidifying: after the water ratio doing the goose excrement (initial aqueous rate is 75%) that clear excrement technique obtains is adjusted to 90%, will the goose excrement pH regulator to 3 of water ratio be regulated with formic acid.
B. hydrogen peroxide is added: the ratio then heavily adding 1.0mol hydrogen peroxide in every kilogram of goose argol adds hydrogen peroxide in the goose excrement regulating pH value, stirs.
C. microwave heating treatment: after again the goose excrement being added with hydrogen peroxide being heated to 115 DEG C under microwave, microwave treatment 9min at this temperature of continuation maintenance, will stir goose excrement while microwave treatment.
D. filter-press dehydration: goose excrement microwave treatment crossed obtains the goose excrement after dewatering through diaphragm filter press filter-press dehydration.This diaphragm filter press filter cloth hole aperture is about 40 μm.
In the present embodiment, the capillary water absorbing time of untreated goose excrement is greater than 3000S(range 3000S), untreated goose excrement dry base heat value 12.53MJ/kg.Goose excrement capillary water absorbing time 113.6S after process of the present invention, water ratio 49%, solid recovery rate 94.8%, total nitrogen recovery 83.6%, total phosphorous recovery 93.5%, dry base heat value 12.35MJ/kg, without obvious stink.
Capillary water absorbing time of the present invention adopts 305 type SSVI sludge capillary water absorbing time testers to measure; Dry base heat value takes oxygen bomb combustion to measure; Solid recovery rate refers to the ratio of the dry weight of the rear feces of livestock and poultry dry weight of dehydration and initial feces of livestock and poultry, is in fact exactly that how many feces of livestock and poultry flow away with filtrate.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is also not only confined to above-described embodiment.All technical schemes belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to protection scope of the present invention.It is noted that for those skilled in the art, improvements and modifications under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. feces of livestock and poultry sterilization, deodorizing and a deep dehydration method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps,
A. acidifying: with acid by the pH regulator to 3 of feces of livestock and poultry ~ 6;
B. be oxidized: the ratio adding 0.5 ~ 1.2mol oxygenant in every kilogram of feces of livestock and poultry dry weight adds oxygenant in the feces of livestock and poultry after acidifying, stirs;
C. microwave heating treatment: the feces of livestock and poultry microwave heating after oxidation is warming up to 95 ~ 120 DEG C, microwave treatment 5-12min at this temperature of continuation maintenance, stirs feces of livestock and poultry while microwave treatment;
D. filter-press dehydration: by the feces of livestock and poultry after microwave treatment through pressure filter filter-press dehydration.
2. feces of livestock and poultry sterilization as claimed in claim 1, deodorizing and deep dehydration method, it is characterized in that, described oxygenant is hydrogen peroxide, ozone, Sodium Persulfate, Potassium Persulphate or potassium permanganate.
3. feces of livestock and poultry sterilization as claimed in claim 1, deodorizing and deep dehydration method, it is characterized in that, described acid is sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, formic acid or tartrate.
4. the feces of livestock and poultry sterilization as described in claim 1,2 or 3, deodorizing and deep dehydration method, is characterized in that, in described steps d, the hole aperture of the filter cloth that pressure filter adopts is 20 ~ 80 μm.
5. the feces of livestock and poultry sterilization as described in claim 1,2 or 3, deodorizing and deep dehydration method, is characterized in that, in described steps d, pressure filter is diaphragm filter press, plate-and-frame filter press or chamber-type press filter.
6. the feces of livestock and poultry sterilization as described in claim 1,2 or 3, deodorizing and deep dehydration method, is characterized in that, described feces of livestock and poultry by the following method one or method two in any one obtain:
Method one: rush excrement technique by water, feces of livestock and poultry that bubble excrement technique obtains;
Method two: the water ratio of the feces of livestock and poultry dry clear excrement technique obtained is adjusted to the feces of livestock and poultry after 90 ~ 92%.
7. the feces of livestock and poultry sterilization as described in claim 1,2 or 3, deodorizing and deep dehydration method, is characterized in that, described feces of livestock and poultry is one or more in pig manure, cow dung, sheep excrement, rabbit excrement, chicken manure, duck excrement, goose excrement, pigeon dung, quail excrement, turkey excrement.
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| CN109320040A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-02-12 | 湖南农业大学 | Method a kind of while that Degradation of Antibiotics and dehydration are carried out to pig manure |
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