CN101829844A - Friction stir connecting method of amorphous alloy and different metal materials - Google Patents
Friction stir connecting method of amorphous alloy and different metal materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN101829844A CN101829844A CN200910010651A CN200910010651A CN101829844A CN 101829844 A CN101829844 A CN 101829844A CN 200910010651 A CN200910010651 A CN 200910010651A CN 200910010651 A CN200910010651 A CN 200910010651A CN 101829844 A CN101829844 A CN 101829844A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technology for connecting a blocky amorphous alloy and different materials such as Al, and the like, in particular to a method for stir connection of a blocky amorphous alloy and different metal materials by carrying out connection processing on an amorphous alloy supercooled liquid region by using a friction stir welding method. Based on the friction stir welding principle, a plastic softened layer is formed on a weld metal through the friction heat generated among a stirring welding needle, a shaft shoulder and a workpiece, and the weld metal is subjected to plastic fusion and connected into a whole. The amorphous alloy in the supercooled liquid region has favorable deformation and viscous flow change character, therefore, it is proposed that the amorphous alloy can reach the temperature of the supercooled liquid region by the heat generated by friction stir welding, thereby entering a viscous flow change state; and then the connection of the amorphous alloy is realized by stirring of a stirrer. The invention develops a new method for connecting blocky amorphous alloys, thereby widening the application field of the blocky amorphous alloys in engineering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to different material interconnection techniques such as bulk amorphous alloy and Al, be specially a kind of method and connect processing, the method that bulk amorphous alloy is connected with stirrings such as different metal materials Al in the non-crystaline amorphous metal supercooling liquid phase region by friction stir welding.
Background technology
Non-crystaline amorphous metal in use needs to be connected with other metals as a kind of new engineering material sometimes, and the connectivity problem of non-crystaline amorphous metal has just received concern.At present, research has obtained some progress for the non-crystaline amorphous metal connectivity both at home and abroad.The non-crystaline amorphous metal method of attachment mainly comprises: five kinds of explosive welding (EW), energy storage pulse connection, electron beam welding, Laser Welding, friction welding (FW)s etc.Preceding four kinds are the fusing connection in these methods of attachment, and this method causes postwelding crystallization, defective and weld seam embrittlement easily; Friction connects and then is considered to a solid-state connection procedure, owing to the joint alloy does not melt, thereby has avoided crystallization and has been connected defective, can obtain very high mechanical property, and friction welding (FW) is to connect the comparatively desirable a kind of method of attachment of non-crystaline amorphous metal.
Friction welding (FW) is to utilize the heat that the phase mutual friction is produced in the workpiece contact end face relative rotary motion, makes the end reach the thermoplasticity state, and upset is rapidly then finished a kind of press welding method of connection.The method that Kawamura etc. adopt friction to connect has the earliest realized Pd
40Ni
40P
20, Pd
40Cu
30Ni
10P
20, Zr
55Al
10Ni
5Cu
30And Zr
41Ti
14Cu
12Ni
10Be
23Connection Deng non-crystaline amorphous metal.The intensity and the mother metal of jointing are suitable, when connecting between the xenogenesis non-crystaline amorphous metal, and its vitrification point T
gDiffer and be lower than 50K, can realize connecting; But the vitrification point T when between two kinds of different non-crystaline amorphous metals
gDiffer by more than 50K when above, then can not connect because the deformation extent of weld seam two ends non-crystaline amorphous metal is different.Simultaneously, Kawamura seminar has also successfully finished Zr
41Ti
14Cu
12Ni
0Be
23Non-crystaline amorphous metal is connected 2017 aluminium alloys and 5038 aluminium alloys.And at Zr
41Ti
14Cu
12Ni
10Be
23In mild steel, Ti alloy, 7075 aluminium alloys were connected, non-crystaline amorphous metal unilaterally was out of shape, thereby had caused the failure that connects.
Kawamura etc. utilize the electron beam method of attachment successfully to Zr
41Ti
14Cu
12Ni
10Be
23Self, Zr
41Ti
14Cu
12Ni
10Be
23With pure Zr metal, Zr
41Ti
14Cu
12Ni
10Be
23With being connected of Zr alloy (Zircaloy-4).But to Zr
41Ti
14Cu
12Ni
10Be
23With mild steel, Zr
41Ti
14Cu
12Ni
10Be
23With the connection failure of Ti alloy (Ti-6AL-4V), in addition to Zr
55Al
10Ni
5Cu
30Electron beam welding failure.Non-crystaline amorphous metal Zr
41Ti
14Cu
12Ni
10Be
23Obtained good jointing with being connected of crystalline state metallic Z r, Zr alloy.The joint has still kept the glassy state tissue near the zone of block amorphous alloy (BMG) side, and does not have the formation of fragility phase near the zone of Zr metal.Stretching experiment is made in butt joint, and fracture occurs in Zr metal one side.Tensile strength and former pure Zr metal are all 400MPa.
Li Bos etc. adopt the laser interconnection technique to connect block amorphous alloy Zr
45Cu
48A
L7The result shows: connecting under the thermal cycle effect, the grain morphology of fusion zone and heat affected area and tissue have very big difference, and when connection speed was 2m/min, the fusion zone mainly generated τ
5(Zr
38Cu
36Al
26), ZrCu is mutually unknown with one, the heat affected area mainly generates the ZrCu phase, when connection speed is 4m/min, the fusion zone has kept amorphous characteristic, the heat affected area is partially-crystallized, it mainly generates and is the ZrCu phase mutually, and the crystallization behavior of heat affected area and the crystallization behavior of non-crystaline amorphous metal heat treatment process have certain difference, and heated at high speed when its main cause is the laser connection and cooling procedure are to each crystallization phase growth rate influence degree difference.
The energy storage pulse connects in the heat input set, and it is short to connect the duration.Kawamura etc. have successfully connected Zr
55Al
10Ni
5Cu
30Amorphous alloy.
Relevant friction stir welding does not appear in the newspapers as yet.
Summary of the invention
The method that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of non-crystaline amorphous metal to weld at crystalline materials such as supercooling liquid phase region and different metal materials Al, weld seam is the mixture of non-crystaline amorphous metal and Al etc., weld strength is not less than mother metal.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
A kind of non-crystaline amorphous metal and different metal materials friction stir connecting method combine agitating friction welding principle with the characteristic that the non-crystaline amorphous metal supercooling liquid phase region has the viscous rheology, utilize frictional heat to make amorphous weldment temperature rise to T
gThe supercooling liquid phase region that temperature is above, non-crystaline amorphous metal enters viscous rheology state, realizes being connected between non-crystaline amorphous metal and the heterocrystal metal material.
1, stirring-head is selected: crystalline materials such as non-crystaline amorphous metal and pure Al are connected, consider the greatest differences of these two kinds of metals aspect chemical composition, mechanical property, promptly the hardness of non-crystaline amorphous metal is very high under the room temperature, and the hardness of crystalline materials such as pure Al is lower.Therefore, in the design of stirring-head, adopt big shaft shoulder size and columniform stirring capillary.Select two kinds of specifications for use: stirring the capillary diameter is Φ 3.0mm, and length is 1.5mm, and shaft shoulder diameter is respectively Φ 12.0mm and Φ 8.0mm.
Stirring-head is generally made by high temperature resistant, wear-resistant material, general medium carbon steel, high-carbon steel or the tool steel etc. of adopting more.The present invention is because the intensity hardness of non-crystaline amorphous metal is higher, thus the M2 high-speed steel that the employing of stirring-head material has excellent abrasive resistance and high red hardness, and through the conventional heat treatment of strictness.
2, stirring-head rotary speed: should adopt higher stirring-head speed when connecting non-crystaline amorphous metal, the rotary speed that stirs stirring-head in the connection procedure is controlled at 1000～2000rpm.When the stirring-head rotary speed was brought up to 1445rpm, face of weld did not have ditch dug with a plow, obtained the good weld seam that is shaped easily.
3, connection speed: in rotary speed one timing of stirring-head, (v) the influence that attachment weld is shaped is very big for connection speed.Adopt low slightly connection speed, obtain any surface finish, smooth weld seam easily.But if connection speed is low excessively, then easily because of the fusing of crystalline materials such as Al hole (through welding) defective appears at back of weld.If connection speed is too fast, the roughness of face of weld is poor, ditch dug with a plow occurs at upper surface easily.Always have a suitable connection speed scope corresponding with it, reduce rotary speed, connection speed then reduces accordingly.When having only the rotary speed that stirs soldering tip and connection speed rationally to mate, just can obtain good, the inner flawless quality weld of appearance forming, connection speed is controlled at 10～30mm/min.
4, when other technological parameter constant and when change connecting pressure, also can influence the shaping of weld seam.Connect pressure hour, the shaft shoulder is cannot kept under control weld seam, forms ditch dug with a plow at material surface easily.But if it is excessive to connect pressure, then the thermoplasticity metal of material surface accumulates in the revolution side easily, thereby forms big overlap at upper surface, and causes stirring capillary and penetrate the back side, causes through welding.Agitating friction connects in the technical process, have only by applying enough connection pressure and could between stirring soldering tip and weldment, obtain frictional force and then obtain enough frictional heat energies, simultaneously, it is excessive that connection pressure plays the restriction plastic fluid, guarantees the effect of appearance of weld.Therefore, the size that connects pressure has significant effects to quality of connection, connects pressure and is controlled at 15～35KN.
Among the present invention, adopting and stirring capillary is columniform stirring-head, when technological parameter is rotary speed 1445rpm, connection speed 14.6,22.1mm/min, when exerting pressure 20kN, can successfully realize being connected of crystalline materials such as block amorphous alloy and pure Al, the upper and lower surfacing in weld metal zone is smooth, does not have defectives such as overlap, through welding to occur; Shaft shoulder diameter is big more, and the face of weld moulding is good more.
Among the present invention, different metal materials can also be Al alloy, Cu, Cu alloy etc. except pure Al.
Characteristics of the present invention:
1, behind employing the present invention, the material plasticity flow regime in joint welding district is obvious, crystalline materials such as the pure Al of advance side shape in the shape of a spiral enter non-crystaline amorphous metal one side, material mixes comparatively even, and crystallization does not take place in non-crystaline amorphous metal, do not have other crystalline phase to generate in connection procedure, non-crystaline amorphous metal still remains amorphous state.When changing connection pressure, stirring-head, connection speed, it is little that the glass transformation temperature of weld metal zone material, crystallization begin variations in temperature, illustrates that the parameter condition does not influence the structure of non-crystaline amorphous metal, still is amorphous state.
2, among the present invention, the rotary speed of stirring-head, connection speed and be connected the pressure butt welded seam and be formed with material impact.When the rotating speed of stirring-head was low, the agitating friction process was similar to the Milling Process of metal, and face of weld forms ditch dug with a plow, can not get the good weld seam that is shaped.The shaping that cross low connection speed, connect pressure and too high connection speed, is connected the pressure butt welded seam is all bad.
3, behind employing the present invention, crystalline materials such as non-crystaline amorphous metal and Al are the mechanical impurities of crystalline materials such as non-crystaline amorphous metal and Al through the weld seam that friction stir welding forms.
4, behind employing the present invention, the intensity and the hardness of weld seam are higher than crystalline material mother metals such as Al.
5, behind employing the present invention, the smooth welded seam of crystalline materials such as non-crystaline amorphous metal and different material crystal Al, free from flaw, no ditch dug with a plow, non-trimming, appearance is good, and the seam organization structure is the mixture of crystalline materials such as non-crystaline amorphous metal and crystal Al, and crystalline material stir friction welding seam intensity such as non-crystaline amorphous metal and Al and hardness are not less than crystalline material mother metals such as Al.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is clamping workpiece position and a stirring-head direction of rotation simplified schematic diagram in the friction stir welding process; Among the figure, 1 block amorphous alloy; 2 different metal materials; 3 stirring-heads.
Fig. 2 is the exterior appearance of non-crystaline amorphous metal and Al stir friction welding seam; Wherein, a) upper surface; B) lower surface.
Fig. 3 is ESEM (SEM) image of stir friction welding seam upper surface.
Fig. 4 is the transmission electron micrograph of weld metal zone; Wherein, a light field; The b details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues.
Fig. 5 is the transmission electron microscopy and the selected diffraction photo of weld metal zone.
Fig. 6 is a Φ 12mm shaft shoulder stirring-head sample weld metal zone X-ray diffraction spectrum.
Fig. 7 is the different DSC curves that connect weld seam sample under the pressure.
Fig. 8 is the macro morphology after the connection sample tension failure.
Fig. 9 is the stress-strain curve of non-crystaline amorphous metal and industrial pure Al weld seam.
Figure 10 is non-crystaline amorphous metal and industrial pure Al welded seam area microhardness distribution curve.
Figure 11 is the structural representation of stirring-head; Among the figure, 4 stir capillary; 5 shaft shoulders.
Figure 12 is the exterior appearance of non-crystaline amorphous metal and Cu stir friction welding seam; Wherein, a) upper surface; B) lower surface.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail in detail by the following examples.
Embodiment 1
The non-crystaline amorphous metal of selecting is Zr-A1-Ni-Cu, and concrete composition is Zr
55Al
10Ni
5Cu
30(atomic percent), dissimilar materials are industrial pure Al (crystalline material).
In welding of aluminum and glassy metal process, the clamping position of test specimen and the direction of rotation of stirring-head are very important for the welding success or not.As shown in Figure 1, different metal materials (Al) 2 should be positioned at the advance side of stirring-head 3, and block amorphous alloy (glassy metal) 1 is positioned at the revolution side of welding, could obtain the good weld seam that is shaped easily like this.This is because the heat transfer of Al is compared many soon with glassy metal, it reaches the plastic flow state earlier than glassy metal, and at the trailing flank of stirring-head since for a long time friction glassy metal temperature be in that plastic flow will be higher than Al in the supercooling liquid phase region, direction of rotation makes good the stirring to bad relatively direction of rheology plasticity fill weld seam, makes the weld seam filling better like this.Stirring-head is for stirring the integrative-structure that the capillary 4 and the shaft shoulder 5 connect and compose, as shown in figure 11.The technology condition that friction connects is Φ 3.0mm for adopting stirring capillary diameter, length is 1.5mm, the stirring-head of shaft shoulder Φ 12mm is that 1445rpm, 20KN pressure, connection speed are under the process conditions of 22.1mm/min at rotating speed, realized being connected of non-crystaline amorphous metal and Al.Be shaped from the macroscopic view jointing, the upper and lower surfacing of weld seam, free from flaw or ditch dug with a plow, non-trimming can be observed the exemplary stir friction and connects formed semicircle arcuation streakline.
In connection procedure, stir capillary elder generation and non-crystaline amorphous metal frictional heat, temperature rise makes non-crystaline amorphous metal softening gradually, stirs capillary and inserts non-crystaline amorphous metal and Al seam crossing.Then, the stirring-head shaft shoulder and non-crystaline amorphous metal or Al friction further make weld seam non-crystaline amorphous metal on every side softening, and the plastic deformation resistance diminishes.The high speed rotation of stirring capillary drives its non-crystaline amorphous metal and Al on every side and flows, and the plasticizing metal flows backward, fills, and along with stirring-head moves forward, thereby forms weld seam, successfully connection (seeing Fig. 2,3,4,5).By Fig. 2-Fig. 5 as can be seen, welding joint shaping is good, the upper and lower surfacing of weld seam, and free from flaw or ditch dug with a plow, non-trimming can be observed the formed semicircle arcuation of exemplary stir friction welding streakline.Non-crystaline amorphous metal has formed the streamline of non-crystaline amorphous metal through stirring flowing of producing, and this streamline has entered the weld metal zone, has produced mechanical mixture with aluminium.Disperse many tiny non-crystaline amorphous metals that distributing on the Al matrix, the boundary of particle and matrix is more clear clearly demarcated, does not observe the existence in micropore hole, and interpret sample is very fine and close.Non-crystaline amorphous metal also is embedded among the Al with the strip form.SEAD is carried out in zone among Fig. 5, obtained the typical diffuse scattering of amorphous formed " swooning ", and, proved that fully amorphous and aluminium have produced mechanical mixture at the dizzy diffraction spot that has occurred some crystalline state Al on every side.
Connect selection with embodiment 1, difference is that connection speed elects 14.6mm/min as, and other connects process conditions with embodiment 1.Connect effect with embodiment 1, smooth welded seam, free from flaw, no ditch dug with a plow, non-trimming, appearance is good, and weld seam zero defect, welding line structure are the mixture (seeing Fig. 6,7) of amorphous and pure Al.By Fig. 6-Fig. 7 as can be seen, the diffraction spectra of sample is some diffraction maximums of stack on the diffuse scattering peak of non-crystaline amorphous metal, the peak value of the complete corresponding fine aluminium of these peak positions, there is not the diffraction maximum of other crystalline phase to occur, this explanation is in the stir friction welding process of non-crystaline amorphous metal and fine aluminium, non-crystaline amorphous metal still remains noncrystalline state, does not occur the crystallization phenomenon of non-crystaline amorphous metal in welding process, the cenotype that the intense plastic strain because of non-crystaline amorphous metal and aluminium forms also not occur.Compare with the non-crystaline amorphous metal of former primary state, the DSC curve of weld seam also has typical glass to be changed and the crystallization peak.At welding pressure is that the glass transformation temperature that the DSC curve of 17.5kN, 20kN and 25kN gained sample is determined is respectively 408.5 ℃, 410.0 ℃, 408.7 ℃, crystallization begins temperature and is respectively 490.0 ℃, 484.1 ℃, 491.8 ℃, beginning temperature with glass transition temperature, the crystallization of as cast condition non-crystaline amorphous metal is more or less the same, the non crystalline structure that welding front and back sample is described does not have to change substantially, does not form other cenotype yet.Do not influence the amorphous structure of non-crystaline amorphous metal when therefore, adopting different welding pressures to weld.
Connect selection with embodiment 1, difference is to connect pressure and elects 25KN as, and other process conditions are with embodiment 1.Connect effect with embodiment 1, smooth welded seam, free from flaw, no ditch dug with a plow, non-trimming, appearance is good, and weld seam zero defect, welding line structure are the mixture of amorphous and pure Al.Weld seam tensile strength is about 110MPa, and the weld metal zone hardness number changes in HV90～300 scopes, far above pure Al hardness (seeing Fig. 8,9,10).By Fig. 8-Figure 10 as can be seen, the fracture of tensile sample occurs in weld seam and fine aluminium boundary fine aluminium one side, and the tensile strength of button is about 110MPa, with commercial-purity aluminium be 1 * 10 in strain rate
-3s
-1The time tensile strength suitable.Descending from the non-crystaline amorphous metal side to fine aluminium side microhardness value, the microhardness value of non-crystaline amorphous metal one side is between HV530-HV700, the about HV30 of the hardness number of fine aluminium side, the hardness number of weld metal zone changes in the scope of HV90-HV300, is starkly lower than non-crystaline amorphous metal and is higher than the hardness of fine aluminium.
The non-crystaline amorphous metal of selecting is Zr-Al-Ni-Cu, and concrete composition is Zr
55Al
10Ni
5Cu
30(atomic percent), dissimilar materials are Cu (crystalline material).
As shown in figure 12, the technology condition that friction connects is Φ 3.0mm for adopting stirring capillary diameter, and length is 1.5mm, the stirring-head of shaft shoulder Φ 12mm, at rotating speed is that 1445rpm, 20KN pressure, connection speed are under the process conditions of 22.1mm/min, has realized being connected of non-crystaline amorphous metal and Cu.It is relatively good to be shaped from the macroscopic view jointing, and the upper and lower surface ratio of weld seam is more smooth, and crack, ditch dug with a plow or overlap are not obvious, can be observed the exemplary stir friction and connects formed semicircle arcuation streakline.
Claims (5)
1. non-crystaline amorphous metal and different metal materials friction stir connecting method is characterized in that: agitating friction welding principle is combined with the characteristic that the non-crystaline amorphous metal supercooling liquid phase region has the viscous rheology, utilize frictional heat to make amorphous weldment temperature rise to T
gThe supercooling liquid phase region that temperature is above, non-crystaline amorphous metal enters viscous rheology state, realizes being connected between non-crystaline amorphous metal and the different metal materials crystal.
2. according to described non-crystaline amorphous metal of claim 1 and different metal materials friction stir connecting method, it is characterized in that: the design of stirring-head is considered with big shaft shoulder size and cylindrical stirring capillary, select two kinds of specifications for use: stirring the capillary diameter is 3mm, length is 1.5mm, and shaft shoulder diameter is respectively 12mm and 8mm.
3. according to described non-crystaline amorphous metal of claim 1 and different metal materials friction stir connecting method, it is characterized in that: the stirring-head material is elected the M2 high-speed steel as, and through heat treatment.
4. according to described non-crystaline amorphous metal of claim 1 and different metal materials friction stir connecting method, it is characterized in that: stir in the connection procedure, the rotary speed of stirring-head is controlled at 1000～2000rpm, and connection speed is controlled at 10～30mm/min, connects pressure and is controlled at 15～35KN.
5. according to described non-crystaline amorphous metal of claim 1 and different metal materials friction stir connecting method, it is characterized in that: different metal materials is Al, Al alloy, Cu or Cu alloy etc.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US9174415B2 (en) | 2011-08-18 | 2015-11-03 | Shenzhen Byd Auto R&D Company Limited | Composite and preparation method of joining amorphous alloy material to heterogeneous material |
| WO2013023606A1 (en) * | 2011-08-18 | 2013-02-21 | Shenzhen Byd Auto R&D Company Limited | Composite and preparation method of joining amorphous alloy material to heterogeneous material |
| CN104014927A (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2014-09-03 | 东莞台一盈拓科技股份有限公司 | Amorphous alloy and nut welding method |
| CN104307906A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-01-28 | 深圳市锆安材料科技有限公司 | Composite forming method of amorphous alloy and non-amorphous alloy |
| CN108273978A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-07-13 | 东莞市坚野材料科技有限公司 | A kind of reinforcement composite metal structures and its forming method and application |
| CN110026750B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2021-08-17 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Processing method of amorphous alloy component |
| CN110026750A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-07-19 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of processing method of amorphous alloy component |
| CN111590190A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-08-28 | 广东工业大学 | Ultrasonic friction welding forming method for large-size amorphous alloy |
| CN111590190B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-08-03 | 广东工业大学 | Ultrasonic friction welding forming method for large-size amorphous alloy |
| WO2021239012A1 (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | 广东工业大学 | Ultrasonic friction welding formation method for large-size amorphous alloy |
| CN113798654A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-12-17 | 广东工业大学 | Friction connection method of amorphous alloy and block amorphous alloy |
| CN113909609A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-01-11 | 广东工业大学 | Amorphous alloy brazing method and device |
| CN113927153A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-01-14 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Multi-stage pressure friction welding control and quality evaluation method based on flash vision |
| CN114289848A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-04-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Method for connecting aluminum-based composite material and aluminum alloy |
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