CN101827537A - A compressible liner for impact protection - Google Patents
A compressible liner for impact protection Download PDFInfo
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- CN101827537A CN101827537A CN200980000530A CN200980000530A CN101827537A CN 101827537 A CN101827537 A CN 101827537A CN 200980000530 A CN200980000530 A CN 200980000530A CN 200980000530 A CN200980000530 A CN 200980000530A CN 101827537 A CN101827537 A CN 101827537A
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- equipment
- lining
- compressible
- internal layer
- scope
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
- A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
- A42B3/10—Linings
- A42B3/12—Cushioning devices
- A42B3/124—Cushioning devices with at least one corrugated or ribbed layer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
- A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
- A42B3/10—Linings
- A42B3/12—Cushioning devices
- A42B3/125—Cushioning devices with a padded structure, e.g. foam
- A42B3/128—Cushioning devices with a padded structure, e.g. foam with zones of different density
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
- F41H1/04—Protection helmets
- F41H1/08—Protection helmets of plastics; Plastic head-shields
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
- Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
A compressible liner for impact protection, which may be installed in a helmet worn by a person. The compressible liner may also be applied to other impact protection situations, for example to baby capsules and child safety seats, as well as offering customised zones of impact protection. The compressible liner may have a relatively low density foam inner layer fused to a relatively high density foam outer layer. The inner layer may have many cone shaped protuberances which project into matching recesses of the outer layer. The compressible liner provides an initial low resistance to the impact for a desired part of the human body. As the impact progresses the level of resistance provided by the compressible liner increases in a controlled manner so that controlled deceleration of the part of the body is occurring throughout the impact for a desired impact protection zone of the compressible liner.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of equipment and method of using compressible lining to improve surge protection.
Background technology
The applicant exists July calendar year 2001
Www.atsb.gov.auOn, Australian Transport SafetyBureau (ATSB) is disclosed, and title is the co-author of the academic research of " Improved Shock Absorbing Liner for Helmets ".In the disclosure content, the combination that low density foam is embedded in the high-density foam is disclosed, as a kind of theme of academic research.But this academic research does not have to consider or discuss the combination of structural detail or its disclosed method.
The research in past has shown too firmly and too rigidity of the common single density foam lining that is used in the current helmet, to such an extent as to can not absorb impulsive force effectively.The foam liner of single density is also limited aspect the ability of its adaptation Strength Changes relevant with crinial bone.In addition, the lining that is used for the child's bicycle helmet uses at the designed lining of adult skulls, and they do not consider the more yielding skull of comparing children with adult skulls.Children's more yielding skull has less protection to brain.By being: people's such as Corner " Motorcycle and Bicycle Protective Helmets-Requirement Resulting from a Post Crash Study and Experimental Research " with reference to what be incorporated herein, Report No.CR 55,1987, Federal Office of Road Safety, Canberra, " A Biomechanical Analysis of Head Impact Injuries to Children " Vol.101 of people such as Australia and Mohan, 1979, Transactions of the ASME, Journal of BiomechanicalEngineering.
Impact injury when in addition, brain also is easy to be subjected to leaning the skull inboard.Brain is the soft tissue of jelly shape, is suspended in the sealing of hard skull, and is surrounded by cerebral spinal liquid.In addition, the brain stem and the spinal cord at big capsules of brain brain base portion place are supported in the skull flexibly, and at the roughly peripheral of brain, endocranium barrier film (dura-mater membrane) is connected to skull at each system point place with brain.Impact to mobile skull makes skull slow down apace, and the brain that is supported flexibly continues to move and impact the inboard of skull.The impact that brain leans skull can cause brain to be wounded and/or hemorrhage.Thus, head is slowed down, suitably to make internal injury minimize.
The implosion test of crinial bone (bone test) shows that the temple part of skull is compared the bone strength with remarkable decline with other parts of skull.Therefore, the temple of skull part is compared with other parts of skull and is more vulnerable to impact injury.But the present helmet does not have to make the compressible lining that the surge protection zone that provides different around skull is arranged.
For such as infant compartment (baby capsule) be used for such other of child safety seat, compartment lining and the armor body of passenger vehicle and be used for the application of surge protection, it is very favorable providing different surge protection zones around human body similarly.Word " infant compartment " in this manual with claim in be to comprise be used for car seat one or more towards after neonatal or baby seat, be used for that lying of neonatal or baby lean on towards back seat and be used for about 1 years old big children's seat or cabin.Word " child safety seat " in this manual with claim in should comprise one or more towards the preceding seat of begining to learn child on foot, common seat, the spare seat/cushion of begining to learn child seat on foot, about 4 years old big children, do not have the seat of backrest and be generally used for about 4 years old to 8 years old children's seat.It is the seat that does not have backrest that spare seat can be described to, and it is designed to promote children's seating position, so that the belt of the adult's lap belt seat belts (lap-sash seatbelt) that exists suitably engages children's shoulder and chest.Begining to learn on foot child seat is different from the spare seat part and is, they can have independently 5 harnesses, begin to learn child seat on foot so that children are fixed to, begining to learn on foot, child seat is fixed to seat or other attachment point that exists in car or other vehicles then.
Infant compartment and child safety seat can have protection side plate or thigh, trunk and head protection pad (or protuberance or " flap ") in the side of infant compartment or child safety seat.The amount of being displaced sideways that these side plates or protection pad are used to limit baby or children when experiencing side.They also are used for protecting under the situation that the bump air bag is excited baby or children not to be subjected to the influence that the side air bag impacts.In other terms, the protection side plate can form the protectiveness " conduit " around baby or the children.
Aspect required impulse protection level, infant compartment and child safety seat be difference to some extent between baby or children head and trunk not usually.Be used for car towards after infant compartment can be lined with the foam liner of single density; this lining is enough to externally do as a whole for the baby provides surge protection, but under the situation that head is clashed into by car, be not enough to prevent baby's brain rear portion wound and/or hemorrhage.
The child safety seat that is generally used for surpassing one-year-old approximately children is configured with usually or has the polystyrene foam lining, and this lining can be the same hard or harder than it with the single density polystyrene foam lining in typically being used in the helmet of being grown up.The polystyrene foam of this low compressibility (high rigidity) can not be brought up again for enough surge protections, because they are too hard for youngster.The also available furniture decoration that can compress very much of child safety seat or the thick lining or the structure of damping foam strengthen, and this foam is very soft and pliable and tough, to such an extent as to can provide very little or almost nil surge protection for children.This furniture decoration or damping foam liner or structure are mainly used in comfortableness and aesthetic property are provided.
Not having can provide in a kind of prior art the solution that is entirely satisfactory to solve provides different this problems of suitable impulse protection level to head or other body parts, can not solve to be easy to make to obtain this problem of more gratifying surge protection with compressible lining.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment that the purpose of this invention is to provide the compressible lining that is used for surge protection, it overcomes or subdues the shortcoming of prior art.
In a kind of form, the invention provides a kind of compressible lining that is used to human body at least a portion that surge protection is provided.Compressible lining comprises: internal layer and skin; Wherein, internal layer has the contact surface and first connected surfaces, and this first connected surfaces comprises a plurality of projectioies.Skin has second connected surfaces and outer surface, and wherein, second connected surfaces comprises a plurality of recesses of the projection that is suitable for receiving internal layer.In addition, internal layer comprises having first compressible first material, and skin comprises having second compressible second material; Preferably, first compressibility is greater than second compressibility.The contact surface of the internal layer of compressible lining is suitable for being close to or joining to the part of human body.
Preferably, projection is conical.Compressible lining of the present invention can for example be installed on or form: compartment lining, infant compartment, child safety seat, seat, headrest or armor body.Preferably, in all were used, compressible lining can be dismountable and assembling replaceably.
Alternatively, compressible lining forms with one or more internal layers or outer section, and the compressibility difference between each layer section.
Can declare the Supreme Being, one or more materials that form compressible lining can be foams, for example expanded polystyrene (EPS) (EPS).Alternatively, one or more materials can be viscoelastic materials.Preferably, the density of eps foam material can be:
Internal layer can have 15 to 50kgm
-3The density of scope.
Skin can have 35 to 90kgm
-3The density of scope, or more preferably have 35 to 55kgm
-3The density of scope.
Internal layer can have 25 to 35kgm
-3The density of scope, and skin has 35 to 50kgm
-3The density of scope.
Internal layer can have 15 to 25kgm
-3The density of scope, and skin can have 35 to 45kgm
-3The density of scope.
Alternatively, one or more projectioies are 50 to 100% from the scope that internal layer penetrates into the skin.Preferably, the top of one or more projectioies and outer surface adjoin.
Preferably, the scope of the distance between the contiguous round base portion is 0 to 20mm, and more preferably scope is 5 to 15mm.
Preferably, the diameter of round base portion is 15 to 22mm scope.
Alternatively, compressible lining has 15 thickness to the 45mm scope; One or more projectioies, can be 20 to 25mm from the scope of the height of circular base portion; With scope from the round base portion of one or more projectioies to the distance of contact surface be 5 to 10mm.
In further form of the present invention, can see through skin and see internal layer.
In further form of the present invention, provide a kind of at least a portion that the method for surge protection is provided to human body, wherein, this method provides the initial low opposing to the impact that is applied to human body at least a portion; With, then along with impact increases opposing degree to the impact that is applied to human body at least a portion gradually.
In another form, the invention provides a kind of equipment that is used at least a portion of article is provided surge protection, wherein, this equipment comprises the compressible lining with rigidity gradient.In impact process this rigidity gradient preferably on the thickness of compressible lining from the low variation in rigidity of contiguous these article to high stiffness." article " comprise goods, people, animal or any valuables.
Further formal description of the present invention and is appreciated that from this explanation in claims.
Description of drawings
To present invention further optimization embodiment be described with reference to appended accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic sectional view of compressible lining in the helmet of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view along the intercepting of 2-2 line of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the schematic perspective partial cross section figure of the alternative embodiment of compressible lining among the helmet embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the exploded view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the schematic sectional view of compressible lining.
Fig. 6 is the alternative embodiment of compressible lining among Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the schematic sectional view of the compressible lining in the compartment part in the embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 8 is the inner schematically broken away view of the passenger vehicle that embodiment is installed that has the compressible lining of compartment lining of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is the schematic perspective example that is used for the compressible lining embodiment of baby of infant compartment.
Figure 10 is the perspective schematic view that has the child safety seat of the compressible lining of child safety seat.
Figure 11 is the schematic elevational view of protectiveness vest that has the insert of the compressible lining of armor body.
Figure 12 is the schematic sectional view of two compressible linings in the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the internal layer of strips.
The specific embodiment
At first referring to Fig. 1 and 2, they are vertical cross-section, have schematically shown first embodiment that is installed in the compressible lining 110 in the helmet of being dressed by people 114 112.The helmet 112 can comprise with the outer surface 118 of compressible lining 110 against hard shell 116, and also can comprise with the contact surface 122 of compressible lining 110 against comfortable lining 120.If comfortable lining 120 exists, should be understood that then head is via comfortable lining 120 next-door neighbour's contact surfaces 122.If comfortable lining does not exist, contact surface 122 direct engages head then.
In the embodiment of compressible lining 110, foamed material can be expanded polystyrene foam (EPS), and wherein, this foam density compressibility or rigidity common and foam is proportional, wherein, and the inversely proportional relation of rigidity and compressibility.In a preferred embodiment, internal layer 124 can have 20 to 50kgm
-3The density of (or 1.25 to 3.12 pounds every cubic feet) scope.Outer 128 can have 35 to 90kgm
-3The density of (or 2.18 to 5.62 pounds every cubic feet) scope, and more preferably be 35 to 55kgm
-3In all of the various foam densities of internal layer 124 and outer 128 were selected, the foam density of internal layer 124 was less than outer 128 foam density.In preferred embodiment, internal layer 124 foam densities can be 25 to 25kgm
-3Scope, and outer 128 foam densities can be 35 to 50kgm
-3Scope.According to instruction of the present invention, the foam that is adopted can be that any suitable type and allowing realizes required compressibility or the rigidity as above and following given eps foam embodiment.Under all above-mentioned and following situations, it should be noted that first material that forms internal layer 124 has first compressibility, this first compressibility is bigger than second material that forms outer 128, and this second material has second compressibility.
In Fig. 2, compressible lining 110 is divided into a plurality of sections 210,212,214,216 zone of different surge protections as shown in the figure can be provided.Temple section 210,216 can construct and be configured to than bizet section 212,214 provides higher levels of surge protection, because the fragility degree of the temple of skull part is higher.
Fig. 3 is perspective, the partial cross section view of the alternative embodiment of compressible lining 310, has shown the projection 130 of internal layer 124 emphatically.For clear, the part that the helmet 112 covers ear is omitted from Fig. 3.In the embodiment shown, projection 130 is the taper shapes that have round base portion 138.In alternative embodiment, tapered protrusion can have the base portion 138 of polygonal structure, for example triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, octagon etc.Also have, if desired, projection 130 can be manufactured to truncated cone, rather than has the taper shape at most advanced and sophisticated top 136.In another embodiment, projection can be hemispheric.
In Fig. 3, the section of compressible lining 310 has been shown boundary line 142 once more.But in this embodiment, only internal layer 124 is tape section, and skin tape section not.For compressible lining 310 these embodiment, internal layer 124 at length is shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 is the internal layer 124 of Fig. 3 and outer 128 decomposition view.Can see that outer 128 comprise a plurality of conical recesses 132, described recess size is held projection 130 with the mode that is configured to contact with surface as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2.Internal layer 124 can be divided into a plurality of sections 410,412,414,416,418,420,422,424,426,428.In the embodiment shown, provide 10 sections.But alternative embodiment can have the quantitative range to ten sections, and the quantity that choosing is arranged most is five sections.Use a plurality of section 410-428 to allow the compressibility of internal layer 124 or rigidity to adjust according to the required formulation impulse protection level of a part or zone of skull.For example, temple section 414,416 can be compared more compressible with skull top section 418,420.The temple of skull part is compared than other parts of skull and is more vulnerable to the influence of impacting injury, and the rigidity experiment shows, the temple zone of skull be other part intensity of skull half or 1/3rd.In another embodiment of the present invention, the density of the eps foam of each section is as follows: the density of front section 410,412 is 30kgm
-3, the density of temple section 414,416 is 25kgm
-3, the density of top section 418,420 is 35kgm
-3, and the density of back section 422,424,426,428 is 30kgm
-3
According to above content, these sections can be passing through the peripheral shape that boundary line 142 limited or allowing the peripheral shape of the section of adjacency with mode 142 other kinds that engage along the border of snug fit as shown in Figure 4.The selection of the peripheral shape of each section makes that these sections form continuous internal layer 124 in compressible lining 110 when compressible lining 110 is assembled.For example, the plane peripheral shape of section can be any amount of polygon shape.
In another embodiment, outer 128 also can be the (not shown) of tape section, so that different foam densities can be used for outer 128 around skull.This embodiment can allow further to cut out independently the surge protection zone around skull.This embodiment can also be used for for example providing required protection in various degree between children and adult.Outer 128 can be tape section, and its mode is similar to the foregoing description of being done to internal layer 124.The plane peripheral shape of outer 128 sections can be also can not be section corresponding to internal layer.For example, the boundary line 142 of internal layer 124 and outer 128 sections can be corresponding as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, or boundary line 142 can be discontinuous between internal layer 124 and outer 128 sections, as described in detail at Fig. 5.
In an embodiment again, the density of projection 130 and matching recesses 132 and the size of size and whole compressible lining can change between the section of internal layer 124 and/or outer 128, so that change the compressibility or the rigid nature of compressible lining 110.For example, compare with other sections of internal layer 124, temple section 414,416 can comprise the conical protrusions 130 with base portion 138 diameters that reduce, but temple section 414,416 is compared conical protrusions 130 with other sections of internal layer 124 can have bigger surface density (areal density).For example, for Fig. 4, front section 410,412 can have 23 conical protrusions 130 that have 20mm diameter base portion 138 together, it also is the conical protrusions 130 of band 20mm diameter base portion 138 that top section 418,420 can have 47 together, it also is the conical protrusions 130 of band 20mm diameter base portion 138 that back section can have 39 together, and the temple section can have 36 conical protrusions 130 that have 15mm diameter base portion 138 together.In addition, the distance of these neighborings 140 (or the minimum distance between the adjacent base 138) can be from 0 to 20mm, and preferably 5 to 15mm, depend on section.Corresponding interval between the adjacent top 136 of projection 130 can be up to 40mm, and great majority are 25 to 35mm.
In the mill, outer 128 can use molding technique to be formed in one or more fragments or the section usually.Similarly, internal layer 124 can be formed in one or more fragments or the section dividually.The fragment of skin 128 and internal layer 124 can assemble and be welded together, and is suitable for the compressible linings 110 of the helmet or the application of other surge protections with formation.Size, quantity and the structure of projection 130 and recess 132 can be adjusted by the manufacturing technology those skilled in the art, so that can form compressible lining.For example, the shape on the angle of the side of conical protrusions 130 and top 136 can be adjusted, and realizes suitable demolding performace to depend on specific foam-type or used other materials.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of another embodiment of compressible lining 510, and it has schematically shown each size of component of compressible lining 110,310,510, and has shown the noncoherent boundary line 142 that is used for the section division.The size of being given can be the exemplary above-mentioned and following various embodiment that are used for.Compressible lining 510 can have the thickness 524 of scope from 20 to 45mm, and this depends on the application region and/or wants protected skull part.Be used for the preferred embodiment of motorcycle helmet, thickness 524 is 25mm in the temple of the helmet and is that 42mm is thick at the top or the coronal of the helmet.For the compressible lining with thickness, preferred thickness 524 can be 30 to 35mm scope for motorcycle helmet.For the helmet that is used in the motion relevant with horses, the thickness 524 of compressible lining can drop to 15 to 25mm or more preferably have the thickness 524 of 20mm.
In Fig. 5,140 intervals (between base portion 138), neighboring are between two arrows that inwardly point to.The connected surfaces 126 of neighboring 140 can be flat or circular arc.For example, radius of curvature arrives 2.5mm or bigger scope 0.Thereby projection 130 can cover the part radially outward of whole internal layers 124, and is perhaps spaced apart.
In Fig. 5, the top 136 of projection 130 can be spaced apart with outer 128 outer surface 118 by interval region 526.Interval region 526 can have 1 to 5mm or bigger thickness.In alternative embodiment, the top 136 of the projection 130 of internal layer 124 can be extended to adjoin with outer 128 outer surface 118.For this embodiment, the thickness of interval region 526 can be 0mm effectively.
Fig. 5 has also shown the embodiment of the compressible lining 510 that is divided section, and wherein the boundary line between internal layer 124 and outer 128 sections is discontinuous.Internal layer 124 can be divided into two sections 512,514 by boundary line 516.And skin 128 can be punished into two sections 518,520 in different boundary line 522.
Fig. 6 has shown the exemplary alternative embodiment of Fig. 5.In Fig. 6, interval region 526 is increased, and reaches about 50% of outer 128 thickness so that projection 138 is projected in outer 128.The scope that projection 130 penetrates in outer 128 can be from 50 to 100%.Corresponding boundary line 522 between two sections 518,520 of outer 128 extends to corresponding to the interval region 526 that increases.
Referring to Fig. 5 and 6, projection 130 can have from base portion 138 to the top 136 scope at about height of 20 to 25mm.It is about 15 to 22mm diameter or width that projection 130 base portion 138 can have scope.
In Fig. 1,2,5 and 6, the first area 134 of internal layer 124 forms thin layer, and the base portion 138 of projection 130 links up on this thin layer.The thickness of first area 134 from 5 to 10mm scopes and or bigger, it is 5mm thickness that choosing is arranged most.
Compressible lining can be used for any required helmet, comprises that motorcycle helmet and construction personnel, people by bike, the people who rides, cowboy perform the employed helmet of people, football player, baseball player and cricketer.
In an embodiment again, compressible lining can be that renovation (retro-fitted) is in the helmet, so that improve surge protection.The renovation of compressible lining can be with all the existing liner replacements in the helmet or only change the specific part of helmet liner.The part renovation can be particularly useful for those lining parts of contiguous skull temple part.
The foam alternative
The alternate material that can be used for internal layer 124 and/or outer 128 comprises flexible foam.The characteristics that elastic foam has are can make compressible lining flexibly compress, thereby can reply original size and surge protection performance before impacting after impacting.The alternate material of elastic foam can be synthetic or natural rubber, can be continuous solid or with for example being air, fiber the complex of such other materials, or the technical staff in concussion, vibration or the impact absorption design or the field of manufacturing is designed or select.
Other alternate materials that are used for the foam of compressible lining can be viscoplasticity or thixotropic.This material has viscosity or liquid behavior at that time not having power or stress to put on, and still, when power applied, when impacting, this material worked in flexible mode, and impact power shows rigidity.This examples of material is commonly referred to as the toy for children of " silly putty ".Use the advantage of viscoelastic material to be, compressible lining can be constructed to be easy to meet the shape of the human various skulls (or any other body part) that had, and replys fully after impacting, to be easy to reuse this compressible lining.
Bicycle or the motorcycle helmet replaced
In the alternative embodiment that is used for the compressible lining of the helmet, outer 128 can use suitably transparent or semitransparent material substitution.For example, transparent or semitransparent material can be viscoelastic colloidal or translucent tartan, and it has suitable compressibility and/or rigidity.The shell 116 of the helmet does not exist or is suitable transparent or semitransparent material.Internal layer 124 can be to have for example opaque material of black expanded polystyrene (EPS) (EPS) foam.This helmet can have the many visible taper given prominence to from the head part or the remarkable visual appearance of lance shape thing, promptly some bicycle or motorcycle rider is had the feature of aesthstic attractive force, and it still can provide surge protection to the wearer of the helmet.
The compartment lining
Fig. 7 has shown that schematically compressible lining 710 is as the compartment lining (VCL) in carrying people's a compartment part.The compressible lining 710 of VCL can be attached to vehicle structure 712 via attachment layer 714, and this structure forms the inside of compartment (not shown).For car, vehicle structure 712 can be any structure in car door post (door pillar), instrument board, ceiling or the car compartment.In vehicle car, use the compressible lining 710 of VCL for the lateral impact bump of passenger vehicle, to have special benefit, under this bump, passenger's (or driver) head and vehicle car inner impact and there is higher ratio in head injuries.
The compressible lining 710 of VCL can for good and all be fixed to vehicle structure 712 via attachment layer 714, and this attachment layer bonds to the outer surface 118 of compressible lining 710.For example, in passenger vehicle, be attached to side door post and windshield pillar.Alternatively, the compressible lining 710 of VCL can removably and replaceably assemble, and this can renovate existing vehicle.For detachable and removable assembling, attachment layer 714 can comprise such as the such material of Velcro or adopt any in the known many fastening methods of the technical staff in vehicle interior assembling field.
The compressible lining 710 of VCL is installed in the vehicle can further adopts optional upholstery lining 716, this lining is attached to the contact surface 122 of the compressible lining 710 of VCL.Upholstery layer 716 can provide attractive in appearance, characteristic that sense of touch is arranged and/or sound insulation.Upholstery layer 716 or comfortable lining can use the plastics (" bubble wrap " plastic) and/or the plastics polishing linings (plastic scufflining) of fiber, buffering foam, " parcel bubble " to make.
Can use the example of the vehicle of the compressible lining 710 of VCL to comprise: civil car and truck, military hardware, navigation equipment and space equipment as tank, aircraft etc.The Another Application field is the seat and the headrest of vehicle, and is applied in these aircrafts and space assembling under the serious impact situation that aircraft and space equipment particularly may run into.
Fig. 8 is the Section View of the inside of civilian passenger vehicle.Fig. 8 has schematically shown the application of the compressible lining 710 of VCL, and it provides different surge protection zones around interior.For example, shown three different protection zones, had the front column and the heel post of sash 810, the rear portion of front chair 812 and instrument board and central control board 814.For in three zones 810,812,814 each; the skin 128 of the compressible lining 710 of VCL can have identical rigidity and compressibility; and internal layer 124 is can be different between zone 810,812,814 aspect the compressibility, so that the surge protection of required degree to be provided according to forseeable wearing and tearing every day of the interior cabin lining of car and the extra consideration of tearing.
In the another embodiment (not shown) of the compressible lining 710 of VCL, the surge protection zone can further be divided.For example, the rear portion of front chair 812 can have the higher part of band internal layer 124 sections, and this part is compared than internal layer 124 sections than lower part at the rear portion that is used for front chair 812 has bigger compressibility.This set can provide the surge protection zone of higher degree for the head of loose aft passenger, and wherein this passenger is vulnerable to the initialing assault of top at front chair 812 rear portions most.The less compressibility bottom at the rear portion of front chair 812 allows to increase the durability that pin and leg wore and tore for the aft passenger that enters and leave the passenger carriage rear.
In another exemplary application, the embodiment of compressible lining 110 may be used on the outer front surface of car and truck, so that help may be by the pedestrian's of car or truck bump surge protection.
Infant compartment and child safety seat
The another embodiment of the compressible lining in the vehicle is used for common infant compartment and the child safety seat that uses at car, truck or aircraft.
Infant compartment or child safety seat (CSS) can according to baby or children in infant compartment or CSS trunk and the position of head incorporate the compressible lining of dividing section into so that provide suitable surge protection to these parts of baby's health.In other words, different surge protections zone is set among infant compartment or the CSS.Usually, compressible lining can be added to the inside of infant compartment or CSS, or forms the form of a plurality of plates of complete compressible lining, or the compressible lining form of inserting as an independent lining.In another embodiment, compressible lining can form infant compartment or CSS.In addition, compressible lining also can form protectiveness side plate or protection pad, or can be increased to infant compartment or child safety seat in another embodiment have side plate or protection pad.Alternatively, can increase comfortable lining to infant compartment or CSS.
Fig. 9 has schematically shown the example of the embodiment of the compressible lining 910 of the baby who is used for infant compartment with perspective view.Infant compartment 912 is fixed to adult's car seat 914 by using infant compartment base portion 916, and this base portion is arranged in adult's car seat 914, and Gu Ding belt 918 anchors to the suitable point of vehicle structure backward.Baby's (not shown) is fixed in the detachable basket 920 of infant compartment 912.In basket 920, the compressible lining of baby can be divided into two surge protection zones, baby head zone 922 and baby's torso area 924.In Fig. 9, it is the insertion lining that is inserted in the structure of basket 920 that the compressible lining 910 of baby is shown as.In a preferred embodiment, the eps foam density that is used for the compressible lining 910 of baby can be the low scope for the above-mentioned density that is used for the helmet.Internal layer 124 can have 15 to 25kgm
-3The density of scope, outer 128 have 35 to 45kgm
-3The density of scope.In order to increase the surge protection of baby head, comprise that the EPS density that is used for internal layer and outer 124,128 that the section in the baby head zone 922 of the compressible lining 910 of baby has is lower than the section that comprises baby's torso area 924.
In another embodiment of the compressible lining 910 of baby, baby head zone 922 can be the form of the part helmet.Referring to Fig. 4, the shape in baby head zone 922 can be approximate back section 422,424,426,428 and temple 414,416 formed forms, has corresponding outer 128 section.
Figure 10 is the perspective view that has the CSS 1012 of the compressible lining 1010 of CSS.Typically, CSS1012 can have base portion 1014, and this base portion is placed on adult's car seat 914.Children's seat 1016 is on base portion 1014, and this children's seat typically comprises seat, backrest and side protection pad.CSS 1012 is by using adult's lap belt seat belts (not shown) and/or being fixed to car seat 914 to the extra fixedly band (not shown) of vehicle anchorage point.The compressible lining 1010 of CSS can be divided section and become two zones that are used for surge protection; CSS head zone 1018 and CSS torso area 1020.Each zone 1018,1020 can also be with side protection pad (flap) 1022,1024 Wei Er characteristics, children " are stuck in the groove " or further restrain and the protection children.In Figure 10, it is structural insertion lining at children's seat 1016 that the compressible lining 1010 of CSS is shown as.In a preferred embodiment, the density that is used for the eps foam of the compressible lining 1010 of CSS can be the compressible lining 910 of aforesaid baby.
Armor body
The Another Application zone of the embodiment of compressible lining 110 is that it is used in the armor body, comprises the protection vest.For such as in the such motion that relates to impact of motorcycle driving, cowboy's performance, football, rugby, cricket, baseball, the armor body of protection vest and liner form is through around the health usually.The compressible lining of armor body has the embodiment that is suitable for realizing at the volley surge protection.For example, the compressible lining of armor body can have the thickness that reduces 524 that is appropriate to move, the scope 5 to 30mm.The material that selection is used for the compressible lining of armor body can be flexible and tough, makes that compressible lining can be durable in many times impacting.
For shellproof armor body (ballistic body armour), the compressible lining of armor body can be used in combination with the shellproof armor.The compressible lining of armor body absorbs the impulsive force of the shellproof armor in the reaction of shellproof armor impact flying object.
Figure 11 is the anterior elevational view that has the protection vest 1112 of compressible lining 1110 inserts of armor body.Protection vest 1112 can have Velcro shoulder lug 1114, puts on and take off protection vest 1112 clothes with auxiliary wearer.Chest 1116 and belly 1118 compressible lining 1110 sections are shown as plate-like piece and are inserted in the protection vest 1112, and wherein dotted line 1120 expression is used to protect the extension of each section 1116,1118 of vest 1112 front of garment.Compressible lining 1118 sections of belly are compared the surge protection that higher degree can be provided with compressible lining 1116 sections of chest, because thorax (rib cage) that belly did not have, in the chest can provide to a certain degree protection to the internal.
The protection of high-value items
The Another Application field of compressible lining can be the protection such as goods, electronic installation, fragile structures, animal, the contour value article of plant.The embodiment of compressible lining can be used to protect high-value items in freight transportation.Other embodiment can be incorporated into military hardware, aircraft and aerospace craft, is used to protect sensitive equipment, to face the tolerance of improving equipment under the calamitous situation of impacting at this equipment.
The performance of compressible lining
The performance of the compressible lining in the foregoing description can be further understood in the following description, below describes to relate to how those skilled in the art assess surge protection equipment and method with the relative performance of compressible lining performance.By reference and example, incorporate into hereinafter:
Www.atsb.gov.auOn, announce " the Improved Shock Absorbing Liner For Helmets " of Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) in July, 2007.
Compressible lining provides the initial inferior grade opposing to the impact of needed by human body part, for example the skull part of motorcycle helmet when motorcycle drives people's helmet impact ground.Along with impact is carried out, the opposing degree that compressible lining provides increases in a controlled manner, so that the controlled deceleration of skull and brain (continuing the example of front) takes place in whole impact process.In the following description, with using the exemplary embodiment that has the compressible lining of eps foam material in the motorcycle helmet, it should be understood that similar description other embodiment applicable to above and compressible lining described below.
Have the internal layer 124 of the different material of relative compressibility and the ad hoc structure of the compressible lining of skin 128 and make that compressible lining provided continuously and compressibility gradually and/or variation in rigidity when compressible lining was compressed or pushes in impact.
The ad hoc structure of compressible lining also makes it easily to make with the helmet gross mass that reduces, and particularly, compares with the helmet of single foam density.This is the advantage that reduces in impact process aspect head and the cervical rotation acceleration effect.
Impact-the duration (deceleration time)
Compressible lining provides the controlled compression and the extruding of prolongation, impacts the time period of taking place so that prolong.Crinial bone or any other body part can more little by little be decelerated to subsequently and stop.The extruding of compressible lining or deformation time can according to up to or surpass and to many time of 20% than the single foam density lining time and take place.In other terms: so because the impulsive force of transferring to skull slowly because of the deceleration of the effect skull of compressible lining reduces.
Extruding
Extruding makes it to extend into compressible lining in skull in impact process.The energy that the compression of compressible lining has been dissipated and impacted.Compressible lining can push up to or surpass single close foam density structure lining 10%.
Broken
Tabular fragmentation in the compression process of eps foam lining (slab cracking) or arc fragmentation (arccracking) are common parts of surge protection.The arc fragmentation is to enter into the relevant periphery surface crack line of foam liner with skull.Tabular fragmentation is in the crack of stretching into the whole thickness direction that passes foam liner in the zone that enters foam liner.Tabular fragmentation is very common and should be avoided in single density foam lining, because the surge protection that foam liner provides has begun to lose efficacy this moment.
Compressible lining can not show tabular fragmentation in shock-testing.For compressible lining, arc is broken significantly to be reduced.The reduction of arc fragmentation can be partly because arrive 90kgm with common employed foam density scope 45
-3Single density foam lining compare internal layer 124 and used more low-density foam.Can easier surrender than the low-density eps foam with plasticity and/or elastic type than higher density eps foam, therefore present the arc fragmentation not too easily than low density foam internal layer 124.In addition, use meets skull than the contact surface 122 that low density foam is used for the compressible lining of internal layer 124 permissions better than single density foam lining.Thereby impulsive force distributes on the bigger zone of skull more equably, and this is a kind of favourable feature.
Peak value deceleration (impact energy decay or concussion decay, " g-power ")
Australia and New Zealand's national standard requirement, deceleration must (" g " be 9.8ms to the peak value that experiences in the helmet in an analoglike impacts less than 300g
-2Acceleration of gravity).Similarly standard is present in North America and Europe.The peak value of compressible lining slows down lower than traditional single foam density lining under all tested situations, and is lower than the mandatory national standard requirement of Australia and New Zealand.
Revolving force
Compressible lining quality in the helmet has contribution to the revolving force that head in the accident is subjected to.Lightweight is the advantage of secure context for the helmet and compressible lining, so that reduce the injury relevant with revolving force.It is bigger significantly and heavier that the helmet that has single density foam lining---be brought into play function in its meeting aspect above-mentioned other performance tests with the equivalent example of compressible lining---similarly.This is because single density foam lining must be thicker and has lower single density foam, causes forming the extra lining quality and the bigger and heavier shell of the helmet.
Should understand for foregoing description, need be more compressible and/or have a lower rigidity although internal layer 124 is compared with outer 128, but the projection 130 and the structure of recess 132 can be put upside down, so that projection is related with outer 128 and recess and internal layer 124 are related, so that the present invention still can realize.In another embodiment, connected surfaces 126 can be symmetrical, makes internal layer 124 in connected surfaces 126 places and skin 128 structures that engage so that internal layer 124 and outer 128 all has projection and recess and is in.But in possessive construction, as mentioned above with as described below, the compressibility of internal layer 124 is bigger than outer 128 compressibility.Perhaps, aspect rigidity, the rigidity of internal layer 124 is littler than outer 128 rigidity.
Size, capacity and the material that should be understood that the compressible lining that provides above with provide later only is the example of described embodiment.Their given sizes, capacity and material also can be selected or design through those skilled in the art, and the surge protection that for example is used for other is used.
Figure 12 has schematically shown the sectional view of two compressible linings 1210.Two compressible linings 1210 are alternative embodiments of compressible lining 510 shown in Figure 5.Two compressible linings 1212 are two compressible linings 510 that link together at outer surface 118 places, to form new linking part 1212.Two compressible linings 1210 can use in the application such such as contact movement, have strong body play in this motion between the participant commonly.In this case, what need is that when two participants impacted each other, two participants obtained the benefit of the initial low opposing of internal layer 124.Another example is to use two compressible linings 1210 between sensitive structure or article, so that two structures all obtain the benefit of internal layer 124.Two compressible linings 1210 can also be the (not shown) of tape section, so that different surge protection zones to be provided as mentioned above.
Continuous lining (continuum liner) (not shown) can be configured with more superior performance similar with compressible lining or that compare.Lining can comprise the lining that the required form (for example helmet) with first material is made continuously.First material can be highly compressible and/or have low rigidity, for example viscoelastic colloidal.What need then is, on the thickness of lining, produce the effect that reduces compressibility (increase rigidity) along the direction from the inboard of the helmet to the helmet outside.In order to use the rigidity gradient of this increase, first material can change second material in a continuous manner into.Have at second material under the situation of the compressibility lower than first material (bigger rigidity), there are various ratios in second material and first material on whole continuous lining, so that produce required rigidity gradient.
Second material can be made by various procedures, comprising:
Ionising radiation (ionising radiation) is so that molecule crosslinked to various crosslinking degrees with first material, to form second material.
Chemical reagent is second material by various degree with first material transition.
Ionising radiation or chemical reagent can be applied to by the helmet body of first material manufacturing or the outside of its allothimorph.The degree that from first material transition is the degree of depth attenuation (depth attenuation) of degree by striding across continuous liner thickness of second material is carefully controlled.
In mode similarly, the ionising radiation that applies at the helmet body of first material or the degree of chemical reagent can be controlled, to give helmet body required surge protection zone in various degree.For the alternative embodiment that has some surge protection zones, the border between each section in each zone can not be discontinuous boundary line but be the gradient part that the particular technology of second material causes because of being used for first material transition.
Dissimilar bicycle helmet (not shown) can be fabricated to does not have outer 128 existence.For this helmet, the summit 136 of the projection 130 of internal layer 124 is connected to shell 116.The technical staff in the helmet designs and the field of manufacturing can select one or more suitable materials to form internal layer 128, so that allow this different bicycle helmet satisfy suitable safety standard.For example, the eps foam density of internal layer 124 can be that aforesaid or continuous as described above lining changes two kinds of materials into.In another embodiment (not shown) of different bicycle helmets, shell 116 can meet with the outer surface of internal layer 124, so that form hard skin with the shape of conical protrusions.
Use is provided with the lining of the partition section in different surge protections zone and compares the weight that can significantly reduce lining with the structure of partition section not.Do not needing applied force is had under the situation of very high opposing, can realize the weight saving by using the material that reduces density.Under the situation of partition paragraph header helmet lining, the weight of the helmet can reduce up to 20%, and this has significant benefits for wearer.
Lining of the present invention can be break-through or with holes, so that the non-protection area territory to be provided, for example allows ventilative opening.This structure is particularly useful for helmet etc.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the form with band constitutes by plate in a plurality of layer one---particularly internal layer---, and this band has projection or recess thereon, is used for cooperating with another layer being inserted into the hole.Band for example can comprise the projection of single file, and is molded with bend, to adapt to another layer, for example needs in the helmet.
A plurality of this bands can form the part of insert and be molded with sprue-way (sprue) to connect them.Sprue-way can comprise the material layer given prominence to of projection, and molded portion typically.In one embodiment, sprue-way extends transverse to the general direction of band.This embodiment is specially adapted to the helmet, because the gap between the band can be aimed at ventilative opening commonly used.
Although the present invention shows in being considered to special and preferred embodiment and describes, it should be understood that, can make change within the scope of the invention, these changes are not limited in details as herein described, but should comprise any according to all scopes of claims and all equivalent assemblies, device and equipment.
In this manual, word " comprises " that being interpreted as is the implication of open to the outside world, promptly " comprise ", and do not should be understood to and be " only by ... constitute " implication of such " sealing "." comprise " that at corresponding word part occurring also belongs to corresponding implication.
Should be further understood that, herein to quoting of prior art except opposite description is arranged, do not constitute to this present invention relevant and anyly admitting of well known to a person skilled in the art prior art.
Claims (30)
1. equipment that is used to human body at least a portion that surge protection is provided comprises:
Compressible lining (110,310,510) has internal layer (124) and outer (128);
Wherein, internal layer (124) has the contact surface (122) and first connected surfaces, and wherein, first connected surfaces comprises a plurality of projectioies (130);
Wherein, outer (128) have second connected surfaces and outer surface (118), and wherein, second connected surfaces comprises a plurality of recesses (132) of the projection (130) that is suitable for receiving internal layer;
Wherein, internal layer (124) comprises having first compressible first material, and outer (128) comprise having second compressible second material; With
Wherein, first compressibility is greater than second compressibility.
2. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein, at least a portion of the contact surface of the internal layer of compressible lining (110,310,510) is suitable for being close to or joining to the part of human body.
3. equipment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, projection (130) is conical.
4. the described equipment of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein, described internal layer (124) forms with one or more internal layer sections (212,214).
5. equipment as claimed in claim 4, wherein, first compressibility is different between one or more internal layer sections (212,214).
6. the described equipment of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein, described skin (128) forms with one or more outer sections (210,216).
7. equipment as claimed in claim 6, wherein, second compressibility is different between one or more outer sections (210,216).
8. the described equipment of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein, one or more first materials and second material are foamed materials.
9. equipment as claimed in claim 8, wherein, described foamed material comprises expanded polystyrene (EPS).
10. equipment as claimed in claim 9, wherein, first material has 15 to 50kgm
-3The density of scope.
11. equipment as claimed in claim 10, wherein, first material has 25 to 35kgm
-3The density of scope, and second material has 35 to 50kgm
-3The density of scope.
12. equipment as claimed in claim 10, wherein, first material has 15 to 25kgm
-3The density of scope, and second material has 35 to 45kgm
-3The density of scope.
13. equipment as claimed in claim 9, wherein, second material has 35 to 90kgm
-3The density of scope.
14. equipment as claimed in claim 13, wherein, second material has 35 to 55kgm
-3The density of scope.
15. as each described equipment among the claim 1-7, wherein, one or more first material and second material are viscoelastic or thixotropic materials.
16. the described equipment of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein, the scope that one or more projectioies (130) penetrate in the skin (128) is 50 to 100%.
17. as each described equipment among the claim 1-15, wherein, the summit and the outer surface of one or more projectioies (130) adjoin.
18. the described equipment of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein, the scope of the distance between the adjacent base of projection (130) is 0 to 20mm.
19. equipment as claimed in claim 18, wherein, the scope of the distance between the adjacent base of projection (130) is 5 to 15mm.
20. the described equipment of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein, the scope of the maximum transverse size of the base portion of projection (130) is 15 to 22mm.
21. the described equipment of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein:
Compressible lining (110,310,510) has 15 thickness to the 45mm scope;
One or more projectioies (130), be 20 to 25mm from the scope of the height of each protruding base portion; With
Scope from the base portion of one or more projectioies (130) to the distance of contact surface (122) is 5 to 10mm.
22. the described equipment of arbitrary as described above claim wherein, can see through outer (128) and see internal layer (124).
23. the described equipment of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein, compressible lining (110,310,510) has detachable and removable assembling.
24. the described equipment of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein, one in internal layer and the skin (124,128) comprises band, and delegation's projection is outstanding from this band.
25. equipment as claimed in claim 24, wherein, described layer is internal layer (124).
26. as claim 24 or 25 described equipment, wherein, a plurality of described bands are set, and a plurality of described band links so that form single-piece part by sprue-way.
27. the described equipment of arbitrary as described above claim, wherein, compressible lining (110,310,510) is installed on or forms: compartment lining, infant compartment, child safety seat, seat, headrest or armor body.
28. as each described equipment among the claim 1-26, wherein, compressible lining is installed on or forms the helmet.
29. one kind by providing equipment to come at least a portion of human body is provided the method for surge protection, comprising:
The low at first of impact that is applied to human body at least a portion resisted; With, then along with impact increases opposing degree to the impact that is applied to human body at least a portion gradually.
30. an equipment that is used at least a portion of article is provided surge protection comprises the compressible lining with rigidity gradient;
Wherein, in impact process this rigidity gradient on the thickness of compressible lining from the low variation in rigidity of contiguous these article to high stiffness.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/166,447 US20100000009A1 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2008-07-02 | Compressible Liner for Impact Protection |
| US12/166,447 | 2008-07-02 | ||
| PCT/IB2009/006133 WO2010001230A1 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2009-07-02 | A compressible liner for impact protection |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101827537A true CN101827537A (en) | 2010-09-08 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200980000530A Pending CN101827537A (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2009-07-02 | A compressible liner for impact protection |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20100000009A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2293696B1 (en) |
| JP (2) | JP2011506782A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101255716B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101827537A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2599957T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010001230A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2013227716A (en) | 2013-11-07 |
| KR20100088661A (en) | 2010-08-10 |
| EP2293696A4 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
| JP2011506782A (en) | 2011-03-03 |
| EP2293696A1 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
| ES2599957T3 (en) | 2017-02-06 |
| KR101255716B1 (en) | 2013-04-17 |
| US20100000009A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| WO2010001230A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| US20110107503A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
| WO2010001230A8 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
| EP2293696B1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: STRATEGIC SPORTS LTD. |
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Effective date of registration: 20110810 Address after: Queensland, Australia Applicant after: Donald Edward Morgan Co-applicant after: Strategic Sports Ltd. Address before: Queensland, Australia Applicant before: Donald Edward Morgan |
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Application publication date: 20100908 |