CN101826270B - Spine motion quantity measurement method of medical training dummy with simulated spine - Google Patents
Spine motion quantity measurement method of medical training dummy with simulated spine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101826270B CN101826270B CN2010101645867A CN201010164586A CN101826270B CN 101826270 B CN101826270 B CN 101826270B CN 2010101645867 A CN2010101645867 A CN 2010101645867A CN 201010164586 A CN201010164586 A CN 201010164586A CN 101826270 B CN101826270 B CN 101826270B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spine motion quantity measurement method of a medical training dummy with a simulation spine. The simulation spine which can be realized easily is designed and the motion characteristics of the simulation spine have a certain similarity to the motion characteristics of the spine of a human body. The invention provides the low-cost measurement method which can be used for measuring the bending angle and the motion acceleration of the neck, the chest and the lumbar vertebra of the 'spine', thereby providing means for the handling training of spine injuries and the detection of the fixation effect of stretchers and spine fixing apparatuses. The technical scheme comprises the dummy with the simulation spine, a motion measurement and data transmission circuit and a data processing terminal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical educational instrument and medicine equipment testing apparatus, more particularly, is a kind of measuring method that backbone is hindered the carrying training but also can be used for detecting the spine motion quantity of stretcher, spinal fixation equipment fixed effect that not only can be used for.
Background technology
The improper secondary damage that very easily causes of spinal injury carrying, serious caused high paraplegia, even threat to life.The nursing model of Laerdal company possesses joint flexibly, can be used for patient's transhipment training; The series analog people that speedily carries out rescue work of Armstrong Medical Industries company has the simulated humanbody size, can show various positions, and counterweight is reasonable, is directed against accident calumniator's carrying and rescue specially.Also there is similar products like in companies such as domestic Tianjin Tian Yan, Beijing doctor's mould.At present this series products has only accomplished that also profile, joint motion, counterweight are similar with human body; Defective is to measure the motion of " backbone " in the handling process; Thereby can't provide evaluation to the carrying operation scientifically and rationally, the carrying training effect that is used for the backbone wound is very limited.
The safe dummy who is used for vehicle impact testing possesses certain spinal motion power of test, but like physical quantitys such as the deflection of the acceleration on three directions of dummy's head in the comparatively general Hybrid-III type dummy measured automobiles impact test, power that neck receives and moment, chest and power that acceleration, thigh receive, knee joint slide displacements.The neck of Hybrid-III is that material is processed the multilayer disc with aluminium, and the centre is an elastomeric material, and last trunk is designed with shoulder, rib and the stainless backbone of aluminum, and rib has certain elasticity.Because vehicle impact testing is bigger with carrying training gap on application background; The problem of being concerned about is also different, and (car crass is concerned about the impact that neck, chest receive; And the angle of bend and the acceleration of neck, chest, lumbar vertebrae are concerned about in the carrying training); The car crass dummy involves great expense simultaneously, is not suitable for the carrying training.
On the other hand, the stretcher, fixation device that is used for spinal injury carrying also lack of scientific the detection method assessment its fix, carry effect.The conventional test of this series products generally is aspects such as physical strength, material behavior, owing to there is not suitable means of testing, fixing, the carrying effect that are related to patient's life safety still do not have scientific approach and provide quantitatively evaluating.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is, designs a kind of simulation spine that is easy to realize, its kinetic characteristic and human body are had must similarity; A kind of lower-cost measuring method is provided, makes this invention can measure the neck of " backbone ", chest, lumbar vertebrae angle of bend and acceleration of motion, thereby carrying training of hindering for backbone and stretcher, spinal fixation equipment fixed effect detect the means that provide.
The present invention is achieved through following proposal, and the spine motion quantity measurement method with simulation spine medical training dummy comprises anthropomorphic dummy, motion measurement and data transmission circuit and the data processing terminal with simulation spine;
Said simulation spine spring with anthropomorphic dummy of simulation spine is connected to form through spring fastenings by neck spring, chest spring and waist spring successively,
Said motion measurement and data transmission circuit are made up of cervical vertebra angle of bend survey sensor, thoracic vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor, lumbar vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor, 3 axle acceleration sensors, AD sample circuit, SCM system and wireless data transfer module;
One end of above-mentioned each angle of bend survey sensor is fixed in an end of respective springs web member; The turning axle of each angle of bend survey sensor is positioned on the extended line of mean diameter of coil, and another line end of each angle of bend survey sensor is fixed on the other end of respective springs web member;
Cervical vertebra angle of bend survey sensor, thoracic vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor, lumbar vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor and 3 axle acceleration sensors are connected with the AD sample circuit respectively, and the AD sample circuit connects SCM system;
Said data processing terminal carries out exchanges data through wireless data transfer module and SCM system; Each angle of bend survey sensor can be measured chord length L, and the mathematical relation between chord length L and the angle of bend θ is:
Wherein C is the spring free height; Thereby can obtain the angle of bend θ of each spring through solving an equation, realize the indirect measurement of angle of bend θ.
Each sensor of motion measurement of the present invention and data transmission circuit converts angle of bend, the acceleration of motion of " backbone " into electric signal; The AD sample circuit is accomplished analog quantity to the digital quantity conversion; SCM system is realized data acquisition, processing, and data are sent to PC through wireless data transfer module.
Cervical vertebra angle of bend survey sensor of the present invention, thoracic vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor and lumbar vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor are stay-supported displacement transducer or rotating potentiometer.
The present invention utilizes stay-supported displacement transducer (or rotating potentiometer) to be fixed in both ends of the spring, and during through the measurement bending motion, the length variations of backguy measures indirectly angle of bend.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. can measure the angle of bend and the acceleration of motion of " backbone ", thereby but quantitatively evaluating carrying training effect also can be used for stretcher, the detection of spinal fixation equipment fixed effect simultaneously.
2. adopt RFDC between motion measurement and data transmission circuit and the PC, make not exist cable to be connected between anthropomorphic dummy and the PC, conveniently carry out the carrying training.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is indication anthropomorphic dummy's of the present invention one-piece construction figure;
Fig. 2 is a lumbar vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor installation diagram;
Fig. 3 is angle of bend measuring principle figure;
Fig. 4 is that motion measurement and data transmission circuit system constitute block diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done and to further describe.
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction figure that originally has the anthropomorphic dummy of simulation spine." skeleton " outer covering material 1, neck spring 2, chest spring 3, waist spring 4; Emulation rib 5, emulation breastbone 6, emulation shoulder 7 is with the web member 8 of model leg; Neck spring end web member 9, neck spring and chest spring fastenings 10, chest spring and waist spring fastenings 11, motion measurement and data transmission circuit 12, the stube cable 13 of sensor and circuit; Cervical vertebra angle of bend survey sensor 14, thoracic vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor 15, lumbar vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor 16; 3 axle acceleration sensors 17, PC 18, " skeleton " refer to the integral body that constitutes by 2 to 11.
Fig. 2 is a lumbar vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor installation diagram; One end of lumbar vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor is fixed in an end of waist spring fastenings; The turning axle of lumbar vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor is positioned on the extended line of mean diameter of coil, and another line end of lumbar vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor is fixed on the other end of waist spring and chest spring fastenings; The installation and the waist of cervical vertebra and thoracic vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor are similar, no longer mapping.
Fig. 3 is angle of bend measuring principle figure, arc l
CAt radius is on the circle of R, and the center of circle is 0, arc l
CCorresponding drift angle is θ, and L is a chord length.
Fig. 4 is that motion measurement and data transmission circuit system constitute block diagram, the direction of direction of arrow representative data transmission among the figure.
Have between medical training dummy, motion measurement and data transmission circuit, data processing terminal three part annexations and the each several part internal part of simulation spine relation as follows:
1. neck spring, chest spring and waist spring are separately installed with cervical vertebra angle of bend survey sensor, thoracic vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor, lumbar vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor, and each sensor is connected with data transmission circuit 12 with motion measurement through cable 13; The host computer operation runs on the PC 18 with software for display, and PC 18 is set up with data transmission circuit 12 with motion measurement through wireless communication mode (like bluetooth communication) and communicated by letter the transmission data.Do not exist cable to be connected between PC 18 and the limbs model.
2. anthropomorphic dummy's limbs model is made up of " skeleton " and " skeleton " outer covering material 1, can't see " skeleton " from limbs model outside." skeleton " is fixing with outer covering material 1 through emulation shoulder 7 and model shank web member 8, and outer covering material 1 adopts polyurethane foam, and the soft degree of foam is similar with tissue, thereby " backbone " can bending motion when external force is carried for the limbs model.
3. the neck spring 2; Chest spring 3; Waist spring 4 is fixing through neck spring end web member 9, neck spring and chest spring fastenings 10, chest spring and waist spring fastenings 11 successively, and emulation shoulder 7 is fixed on the spring mountings 10 of neck and chest, and rib 5 circularizes; Spring is fixed in rib 5 bottoms, and breastbone 6 is fixed at the top.
The implementation method that below just has the medical training dummy each several part of simulation spine is explained.
One, anthropomorphic dummy's limbs model
1. " skeleton "
According to medical data, confirm neck, chest, lumbar vertebrae length, and the rib size.Because the kinematic dexterity of neck, chest, lumbar vertebrae there are differences, need to adopt the spring of differently curved rigidity.Be designed to example with the cervical vertebra spring; According to the medical research data; Confirm human cervical spine bending stiffness T ', compression stiffness F ', rotational stiffness B; Through the design spring material (elastic modulus E, Poisson ratio μ, shear modulus G), steel wire diameter d, middle footpath D, number of turns n, curl up than C, free height H, make the mechanical characteristic of spring similar with neck.
The computing formula of the compression stiffness F ' of spring, bending stiffness T ', rotational stiffness B is following:
Wherein K is a curvature correction factor, can be calculated acquisition by
; τ is a permissible stress, confirms can be searched by the material handbook behind the spring material; F is the spring maximum load, the maximum pressure that corresponding neck can bear.Known F ', T ', B, F can confirm spring parameter by system of equations.Spring can be processed into by 65 manganese spring steels.
Chest, the same cervical vertebra of lumbar vertebrae spring method for designing repeat no more.
There is corresponding web member to be connected between spring and the spring; The emulation rib adopts the bonding jumper of certain thickness, width to process, and is processed into ellipse, and every oval bonding jumper bottom is fixed on the spring, and top and emulation breastbone are fixed.The emulation skeleton makes the anthropomorphic dummy possess the rotation of neck, chest, waist, the degree of freedom of bending motion; Because the existence of emulation rib; Define the crooked degree of freedom of thoracic vertebrae, make thoracic vertebrae freedom of motion and human body more near (the thoracic vertebrae bending motion amplitude of human body is less).
2. " skeleton " outer covering material
" skeleton " outer covering material adopts polyurethane foam to process.Skeleton is installed, put into humanoid mould, pour the polyurethane foam raw material at humanoid mould inside, free foaming promptly can be made into after the moulding.Through the flexibility of control expanded material, simulate human body soft tissue.
Two, motion measurement and data transmission circuit
Motion measurement and data transmission circuit are made up of sensor, AD sampling A, SCM system, bluetooth communication module 4 parts.
1. sensor
For measuring the angle of bend of neck, chest, lumbar vertebrae, need three stay-supported displacement transducers (or rotating potentiometer), be installed on position shown in Fig. 1 respectively, Fig. 2 is installed as example with lumbar vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor, and the concrete installation method of sensor has been described.Stay-supported displacement transducer end is fixed in spring fastenings one end, guarantees that the turning axle of stay-supported displacement transducer is positioned on the extended line of mean diameter of coil.The line end of stay-supported displacement transducer is fixed on the web member of the spring other end, and point of fixity is positioned at the center.Thereby when guaranteeing straight configuration, the slotted line of stay-supported displacement transducer prolongs mean diameter of coil and stretches.
When spring bends, arc length l among its length direction such as Fig. 3
c(l
c=C, C are the spring free height).At this moment, stay-supported displacement sensor line can be measured chord length L along the chord length direction.Mathematical relation between chord length L and the angle of bend θ is:
Thereby can obtain angle of bend θ through solving an equation, realize the indirect measurement of angle of bend θ.
According to GB GB/T 18368-2001 " evaluation of prone position human body whole body vibration comfortableness " standard, can confirm that acceleration transducer survey frequency scope is 0.1-200Hz.Can choose 3 MEMS acceleration chips, volume is little, low in energy consumption, inner integrated operational amplification circuit.
2.AD sampling A
Have 6 groups of analog quantity inputs (neck, chest, lumbar vertebrae angle of bend, acceleration is at the component of three directions), can select the AD sampling A AD7888 of AD company; Have 8 analog input channels; SF can reach 500Kb/s, adopts the SPI interface, is convenient to the serial data communication with single-chip microcomputer.
3. SCM system
Adopt C8051F314 to make up SCM system.C8051F314 supports the UTAR serial data communication, can with the bluetooth communication module serial communication, support the SPI serial communication, can set up communication with the AD sampling A, obtain sensing data.
4. bluetooth communication module
The bluetooth communication module GC-01 that bluetooth communication module can adopt Nanjing state spring electrical equipment to produce, the effective communication distance can reach 100m, and maximum baud rate can reach 3Mb/s, satisfies the data transmission requirement fully.
Three, data processing terminal
Data processing terminal can be ordinary PC, requires PC to have the bluetooth communication ability, for the PC that does not have the bluetooth communication ability, can connect the USB Bluetooth adapter.Setting operation and software for display in the PC, software can adopt VC++ to write, and possesses the data necessary display interface, can show information such as real-time angle of bend, acceleration of motion.
Claims (2)
1. the spine motion quantity measurement method with simulation spine medical training dummy is characterized in that, comprises anthropomorphic dummy, motion measurement and data transmission circuit and data processing terminal with simulation spine;
Said simulation spine spring with anthropomorphic dummy of simulation spine is connected to form through spring fastenings by neck spring, chest spring and waist spring successively,
Said motion measurement and data transmission circuit are made up of cervical vertebra angle of bend survey sensor, thoracic vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor, lumbar vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor, 3 axle acceleration sensors, AD sample circuit, SCM system and wireless data transfer module;
One end of above-mentioned each angle of bend survey sensor is fixed in an end of respective springs web member; The turning axle of each angle of bend survey sensor is positioned on the extended line of mean diameter of coil, and the other end of each angle of bend survey sensor is fixed on the other end of respective springs web member;
Cervical vertebra angle of bend survey sensor, thoracic vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor, lumbar vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor and 3 axle acceleration sensors are connected with the AD sample circuit respectively, and the AD sample circuit connects SCM system;
Said data processing terminal carries out exchanges data through wireless data transfer module and SCM system; Each angle of bend survey sensor can be measured chord length L, and the mathematical relation between chord length L and the angle of bend θ is:
Wherein C is the spring free height; Thereby can obtain the angle of bend θ of each spring through solving an equation, realize the indirect measurement of angle of bend θ.
2. the spine motion quantity measurement method with simulation spine medical training dummy according to claim 1; It is characterized in that said cervical vertebra angle of bend survey sensor, thoracic vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor and lumbar vertebrae angle of bend survey sensor are stay-supported displacement transducer or rotating potentiometer.
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| CN2010101645867A CN101826270B (en) | 2010-05-06 | 2010-05-06 | Spine motion quantity measurement method of medical training dummy with simulated spine |
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| CN2010101645867A CN101826270B (en) | 2010-05-06 | 2010-05-06 | Spine motion quantity measurement method of medical training dummy with simulated spine |
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| CN101826270B true CN101826270B (en) | 2012-09-05 |
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| CN101853599B (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2012-07-04 | 上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院 | Semi-on-body biomechanical experimental method using cervical structure to simulate extensor muscles behind the neck |
| CN103536309A (en) * | 2012-07-14 | 2014-01-29 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司医院 | Spine elastic positioning and quantitative measurement ruler |
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| CN115054231A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2022-09-16 | 合肥工业大学 | Sensor arrangement method for monitoring cervical vertebra posture |
| CN112037600B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-05-17 | 马全胜 | Joint loosening operation teaching aid |
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| CN114376560A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-22 | 中纺标检验认证股份有限公司 | Device and method for testing sensitivity of spine bending detector |
| CN115394146B (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-12-01 | 中国中医科学院望京医院(中国中医科学院骨伤科研究所) | Human cervical vertebra simulation device and teaching robot for training by rotary handle method |
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| US20030220590A1 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2003-11-27 | Csonka Paul Janos | Electro-mechanical assembly for measurements of spine curvatures |
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| CN1688260A (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2005-10-26 | 阿芒·苏贝朗 | Implantable mechanical device with adjustable geometry |
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