CN101853599B - Semi-on-body biomechanical experimental method using cervical structure to simulate extensor muscles behind the neck - Google Patents
Semi-on-body biomechanical experimental method using cervical structure to simulate extensor muscles behind the neck Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a semi-on-body biomechanical experimental method using a cervical structure to simulate extensor muscles behind the neck. The method comprises the following steps: cutting out the first to seventh cervical vertebra, the first dorsal vertebra and the second dorsal vertebra from the body of a person who died within 2 hours, removing muscles while avoiding damaging ligaments and facet joints; fixing an upper bearing tray on the first cervical vertebra, fixing a lower bearing tray under the second dorsal vertebra, installing a loading weight on the upper bearing tray; opening 2-3mm of incisions separately at the front junctions and back joints of the third/fourth dorsal vertebra, the fourth/fifth dorsal vertebra, the fifth/sixth dorsal vertebra and the sixth/seventh dorsal vertebra, inserting miniature pressure sensors respectively, sewing with silk threads; connecting a tension sensor and a tension spring between the upper and lower bearing trays to prepare a cervical vertebra biomechanical model; and fixing a pulling-extending force sensor on a cervical vertebra experimental loading table, connecting a wedge-shaped metal block with the upper bearing tray through screws, using the loading table to apply a pulling-extending force and a loading force on the cervical vertebra biomechanical model, and recording the measured values.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the biomechanics technical field, be specifically related to a kind of cervical vertebra biomechanics experiment method that can simulate extensor crowd behind the neck.
Background technology
(Cervical Syndrome CS) is common clinical to cervical spondylosis, is high incidence and rejuvenation trend in recent years, and becomes a kind of novel occupational illness gradually.Because people's work and life style change; Bend the neck probability and greatly increase, make neck soft and cervical vertebra primary structure be in fatigue state for a long time because of reasons such as work posture, habits and customs, flesh---the extensor of neck crowd is under factor affecting such as bad position, stress in movable domination as neck in the wrong; Because the preload that antagonism produces because of gravity; Be the contraction of centrifugal property, can cause that muscle fibre damage, muscular strength weaken, directly cause the cervical vertebra statical equilibrium to be destroyed or the mechanical property reduction; The direct result of its pathology is increasing day by day of the clinical cervical spondylopathy incidence of disease, and develops to rejuvenation.
Though the cervical spondylopathy pathogenesis is complicated, also not unified understanding so far.But it is one of key factor of cervical spondylopathy morbidity that the neck soft mechanical property reduces, and how to improve the neck soft mechanical property and changes the understanding in the cervical spondylopathy pathogenesis, is the major issue that backbone is massaged and studied.At present, in numerous research methods, the pathogenesis of studying cervical spondylopathy through biomechanical model is a kind of highly effective means.
The features and applications that constitutes according to biomechanical model can be divided into following four big types.
1. isolated model
Isolated model is processed by the cadaver sample of people or animal.The factor of in experiment, dissecting occupies proportion when big, needs to use this class model usually.Because it is representative that human isolated preparation has good human body, isolated model is used very extensive in the cervical vertebra biomechanics Research.The opening of isolated model experiment can Direct observation be tested us, and the variation relation of the reflection cervical vertebra organization internal structure biomechanics of ability quantification, loads the stress situation in back cervical intervertebral disk, articular process, joint like model.So can be for the cervical vertebra biomechanics Research provide solid model supports, research conclusion also has most practicality and representativeness.But the adaptability of this class model is not perfect, and the most neck soft tissues on every side of rejecting of the biomechanical model of cervical vertebra have been ignored neck soft to interverbebral disc and osteoarticular effect both at home and abroad.The model of isolated experiment and human body vivo biological tissue mechanical property are variant; Institute's data that draw can not the true embodiment biological tissue; The constraint of Medicine Ethics and traditional Moral in addition makes the acquisition difficulty very of human body specimen, thereby has brought certain limitation for its application.Though animal model can be used as substituting of manikin; But because anatomy of himself and the otherness on the biomechanics; Anthropomorphic dummy's cervical vertebra pathology and physiology course accurately and effectively, the effect that animal model is brought into play in the sick and wounded Study on Mechanism of cervical vertebra is very limited.
2. in the phantom type
Usually be divided into living Animal Models and manikin in the phantom type.Need reduce and biological phenomena such as scar tissue growth when studying the bone amount behind for example fusion rate of bone graft, the internal fixation, this kind model has very high test and is worth.But the human body life is influenced by experimenter's subjective consciousness and central nervous system easily, can't accurately simulate cervical vertebrae physiological and pathologic process, and the middle data of operational testing are had deviation.Carry out viviperception and exist again and lack effective non-destructive measuring technology, can not each structural mechanics characteristic of Direct observation cervical vertebra interior tissue and the variation of physiological function, and use the strong restrictions that receives Medicine Ethics, its range of application is limited to always very much.
3. physics model
The physics model is the backbone sample by the synthetic material simulation.The most frequently used is ultra high molecular polyethylene (UHMWP) model of " vertebral resection ".Be mainly used in the strength test and the torture test of various novel internal fixation devices.The physics model is the analogies of people's backbone, and it is compared with isolated preparation, does not have to dissect and biological characteristics.Therefore, except those can ignore the experiment of dissection and biological characteristics of sample, seldom in cervical vertebra biomechanics and sick and wounded research, use.
4. computer model
Computer model is to utilize computing machine to set up a series of mathematical models that can explain the geometry and the physics characteristic of test specimen.In test, through the computing machine input instruction, draw relevant parameter by set calculated with mathematical model and change the biomechanics change that comes simulated samples self, this class model is also referred to as three-dimensional finite element model.It can repeat and change any quality and quantitatively change in continuation research, local and inner mechanism reaction is provided simultaneously, and these reactions are the unavailable results of any experiment.
Current application cervical vertebra mathematical model the most widely is a finite element model, compares more difficult completion the but the cervical vertebra three-dimensional finite element model is more important with the other biological mechanical model.In order to make up a perfect relatively three-dimensional finite element model, must the various anatomical structures of cervical vertebra be dispersed is simple finite element unit, is combined into the analogue body of an entity again by countless this units.In this process, the geometric parameter of centrum can obtain through CT scan.But the acquisition of the physics characteristic parameter of multiple soft tissues such as picture ligament and interverbebral disc is often very difficult, even can obtain these data, they also possibly be not enough to be used for the foundation of model.The place one's entire reliance upon authenticity height of its model construction of the test findings accuracy of three-dimensional finite element model, therefore, incomplete modelling will cause the gross error of test findings.So can make up a good cervical vertebra three-dimensional finite element model fully be the successful prerequisite of this kind model experiment.
In sum, the test of the basic biomechanics function of cervical vertebra, cervical vertebra pathology Study on Mechanism and internal fixation device performance all be unable to do without good biomechanical model.In biomechanical model at present commonly used, animal model can be observed biological body physiological and pathological reaction, but mostly can not be upright for Reptilia because of animal used as test, and its structure function is all different with the people, so the result can not answer the problem of human characteristics.Physical model, owing to the change of biological in the shortage biosome and architectural characteristic, its application facet is very limited.Human body corpse model; Its human body representativeness is the highest, but uses the fresh cadaver sample or set up model research, has very big gap with condition of living organism after all; It has isolated getting in touch between part and integral body; Truth in the time of can not comprehensively reflecting live body and dynamically performance, it is higher to lack biology variation and experimental expenses, and its application is restricted.So,, guarantee the maximum accuracy of experimental result for the various physics and the anatomy characteristic of true performance entity.A kind of both possessed exsomatize and in the advantage of phantom type, can remedy their not enough cervical vertebras half again is the researcher pursuing target at body biomechanical model and experimental technique thereof.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention will solve provides a kind ofly can simulate behind the neck extensor crowd to the cervical vertebra biomechanics experiment method of cervical vertebra motion effects.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: the extensor crowd's half in body biomechanics experiment method behind a kind of cervical vertebra structure simulation neck, may further comprise the steps:
A. from dead 2 hours with one section vertebra of intercepting on the interior human body, comprise first to C7 and first, second thoracic vertebrae, reject muscle, avoid damaging ligament and little joint;
B. on atlas, be fixedly connected a upper supporting disk, below second dorsal vertebra, be fixedly connected a following carrier,, the loading counterweight is set on upper supporting disk, with simulation head weight according to the position of head focus point;
C. the 2-3mm otch is respectively made at leading edge intersection between the 3rd/fourth cervical vertebra and posterior joint position, inserts micro pressure sensor respectively, uses silk suture;
D. pulling force sensor of connection below upper supporting disk is connected a tension spring between pulling force sensor and following carrier, process the cervical vertebra biomechanical model;
E. above-mentioned cervical vertebra biomechanical model is put on the cervical vertebra experiment loading bench and carries out biomechanics experiment; Fixing pulling and stretching force sensor on cervical vertebra experiment loading bench; The pulling and stretching force sensor is connected with the upper supporting disk screw through the anteflexion 10 ° of wedge type derbies of simulation cervical vertebra; Through loading bench the cervical vertebra biomechanical model is imposed pulling and stretching force and ballast power, and write down the numerical value that each sensor records, accomplish the test of a sections;
F. and then set by step the said mode of C is successively between the 4th/fifth cervical vertebra, bury micro pressure sensor underground between the 5th/sixth cervical vertebra and between the 6th/C7, and repeats above-mentioned steps D, E respectively, accomplishes the pressure test to above-mentioned sections.
Preferably, the cervical vertebra of intercepting is taken from the dead human body of acute brain injury in the said steps A.
Preferably, the vertebra in the said steps A places the nature position after the human body intercepting, avoids hyperextension, crosses and bend and rotation, is placed on-40 ℃ of low temperature preservations down in the refrigerator, tests and from refrigerator, takes out in preceding 2 hours, progressively thaws naturally, and is coated to be measured with the physiological saline gauze.
Preferably, said upper supporting disk is fixed on the several respective vertebrae through the mode that Kirschner wire adds bone cement with following carrier.
Preferably, said micro pressure sensor is a resistance strain gage.
Preferably; Before the cervical vertebra biomechanical model is carried out biomechanics experiment; Earlier the cervical spondylopathy patient is carried out testing at body; Learn the numerical value that characteristic obtains in bulk measurement according to the extensor of neck efforts of everyone and confirm the value of thrust scope, and be based upon in the neck soft under the muscular motivation effect constitutive equation of cervical vertebra primary structure.
Further, according to the stress-strain constitutive relation that the constitutive equation of testing the cervical vertebra primary structure of setting up at body is demarcated tension spring, limit the pulling force of cervical vertebra biomechanical model experiment according to the value of thrust scope of confirming in the body experiment.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: behind research neck on the cervical vertebra isolated experiment model based extensor crowd under anteflexion state to the influence of aspects such as the intensity of cervical vertebra structure, stability; In conjunction with the test result of extensor crowd behind the neck in body research quantification; Apply the cervical muscle pulling force through tension spring and give the cervical vertebra isolated model; Set up more perfect cervical vertebra kinematic Simulation half at phantom type and experimental technique; Operation receiveing person's subjective consciousness is through the interference of nervous system to muscle control when having avoided experiment made on the living, and the pressure in cervical intervertebral disk and little joint under the anteflexion state of reflection cervical vertebra true to nature is learned research for spinal motion a kind of new empirical model and research approach are provided.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further explain.
Fig. 1 is cervical vertebra half synoptic diagram at the body biomechanical model used among the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the variation synoptic diagram of cervical vertebra extensor of neck pulling force when the anteflexion angle of difference when body is tested.
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of calibration experiment spring stress-strain constitutive relation.
Fig. 4 is that the simulation extensor of neck compares synoptic diagram with the anteflexion dmm of nothing simulation.
Fig. 5 is that the simulation extensor of neck is simulated anteflexion little joint pressure ratio than synoptic diagram with nothing.
Fig. 6 is a difference when bending and stretching angle, each sections simulation half of cervical vertebra dmm distribution trend synoptic diagram under the body state.
Fig. 7 is a difference when bending and stretching angle, each sections simulation half of cervical vertebra little joint pressure distribution trend synoptic diagram under the body state.
Embodiment
Experimental technique of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1. the development of stripped biomechanical model
(1). sample source and making
Adopt the dead human cervical spine of acute brain injury.Intercepting is from one section vertebra between basis cranii to the second dorsal vertebra in dead 2 hours, and is as shown in Figure 1, comprise first to C7 C1～C7 with first, second thoracic vertebrae.Reject muscle, avoid damaging ligament and little joint.Above-mentioned human cervical spine sample is placed the nature position, avoid hyperextension, cross and bend and rotation, preserve in-40 ℃ of low temperature refrigerators.Cervical vertebra adopts this method to preserve, and its bio-mechanical property can not change (with reference to 117 pages of " Spine " magazine 1991 16 phases).Every tool sample takes out from low temperature refrigerator preceding 2 hours of test and progressively thaws naturally, and the physiological saline gauze is deposited to be measured.
(2). sample is fixed
With reference to Shanghai Communications University's cervical vertebra fixation (flood palm fibre etc., the Experiments of Machanics of the human cervical spine " research " literary composition, the 75th page of " Chinese biological engineering in medicine journal " the 6th phase in 1987).Respectively put a metal carrier plate 10,40 in the upper end of sample atlas C1 and the lower end of second dorsal vertebra, and add the bone cement embedding with Kirschner wire and fix.On upper supporting disk 40, fix loading counterweight 50, with simulation head weight 3kg according to the head focus point.
The extensor of neck efforts of everyone learn characteristic in bulk measurement
The cervical spondylopathy patient is carried out testing at body: the experimenter sits up straight the position, and by same standard placement sensor, two ranges change to anteflexion position again to stretch position to neutral position after the test, and same people's operation repeats 2 times.The main observation: the variation of cervical vertebra extensor of neck pulling force when the anteflexion angle of difference, as shown in Figure 2.Learn characteristic at the numerical value that bulk measurement obtains according to the extensor of neck efforts of everyone, confirm the value of thrust scope, be based upon in the neck soft under the muscular motivation effect constitutive equation of cervical vertebra primary structure.
3. the making of sensor and arrangement
(1). the making of sensor and spring
With the resistance-strain electric detecting technology, adopt high-quality beryllium-bronze sheet to process semicircle micro pressure sensor, after standard measure is proofreaied and correct, test force-strain stress relation.Load tension spring that restriction use as half in the body experiment with " spring factory, Shanghai City " standard spring, must make constitutive relation before using and demarcate, as shown in Figure 3.
(2). the arrangement of sensor
1., interverbebral disc, little joint pressure transducer are embedding
Respectively make the 2-3mm otch at C3/4, C4/5, C5/6, C6/7 two anterior margin of vertebral body intersections and posterior joint position successively with the tip scalpel, insert micro pressure sensor 60 respectively, use silk suture with the roundlet pin.Every step is carried out same sections pressure test, and the back that finishes is according to former stitching, and is embedding with method in next sections, accomplishes until experiment.
2., the pulling and stretching force sensor is provided with
The pulling and stretching force sensor is fixed on the cervical vertebra experiment loading bench, can simulate the anteflexion 10 ° wedge type derby of cervical vertebra through one, is connected with the upper supporting disk screw of sample.Through loading bench, can impose simulation pulling and stretching force and ballast power to the cervical vertebra sample.
4. simulation cervical vertebra half is tested at body
(1). cervical vertebra simulation half foundation in the phantom type
1., on the basis of above-mentioned making isolated preparation; Utilization electrical measurement sensing technology is confirmed the value of thrust scope according to the numerical value that cervical spondylopathy patient extensor of neck efforts of everyone characteristic obtains in bulk measurement; Set up constitutive equation calibration experiment spring stress-strain constitutive relation, give corresponding pulling force restriction for the isolated experiment model with pulling force sensor and standard spring.See Fig. 4, Fig. 5, behind the loading simulation extensor of neck, cervical intervertebral disk and little IA pressure obviously reduce.
2., the simulation pulling force sensor is settled
Pulling force sensor 30 of connection below upper supporting disk 40 is connected tension spring 20 between pulling force sensor 30 and the following carrier 10, and tension spring 20 lower ends are fixed on down on the carrier 10.
(2). cervical vertebra simulation half experimental observation in the phantom type
Under the state of simulation extensor of neck crowd's load to the cervical vertebra effect, before the experimenter places demarcation angle index table with sample, people's reading the clock; One people is responsible for the operating instrument record; Registering instrument chart drive speed and cervical vertebra bend and stretch angle to be changed synchronously, the loading that remains a constant speed of 1 second=1 degree, pulling and stretching force.Each sections test repetition twice, according to the time at the uniform velocity by after stretch 15 ° to anteflexion 15 °, Direct observation writes down the variation of stress of primary structures such as cervical intervertebral disk, little joint, like Fig. 6, shown in Figure 7.
This cervical vertebra is reference for modern biomechanical theory and method at phantom type experimental technique partly, and the deficiency that on the basis of isolated experiment, isolated experiment is existed is improved, and has increased the main musculature of cervical vertebra; Cervical vertebra muscle is carried out the viscoelasticity test,, substitute with identical viscoelastic spring according to the biomechanics characteristic of cervical vertebra musculature; Be used for the cervical vertebra model; Carry out the gimmick simulation experiment study under the cervical vertebra load condition again, be close to the data under the real condition of living organism more, remedy the deficiency of isolated experiment; Be continue isolated experiment with after the body experiment; A kind of more reasonably cervical vertebra biomechanics experiment model provides scientific basis to the pathogenesis of explaination cervical spondylopathy, for cervical vertebra biomechanics Research is from now on opened up a new road.
Claims (7)
- Behind a cervical vertebra structure simulation neck extensor crowd's half in body biomechanics experiment method, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:A. from dead 2 hours with one section vertebra of intercepting on the interior human body, comprise first to C7 and first, second thoracic vertebrae, reject muscle, avoid damaging ligament and little joint;B. on atlas, be fixedly connected a upper supporting disk, below second dorsal vertebra, be fixedly connected a following carrier,, the loading counterweight is set on upper supporting disk, with simulation head weight according to the position of head focus point;C. the 2-3mm otch is respectively made at leading edge intersection between the 3rd/fourth cervical vertebra and posterior joint position, inserts micro pressure sensor respectively, uses silk suture;D. pulling force sensor of connection below upper supporting disk is connected a tension spring between pulling force sensor and following carrier, process the cervical vertebra biomechanical model;E. above-mentioned cervical vertebra biomechanical model is put on the cervical vertebra experiment loading bench and carries out biomechanics experiment; Fixing pulling and stretching force sensor on cervical vertebra experiment loading bench; The pulling and stretching force sensor is connected with the upper supporting disk screw through the anteflexion 10 ° of wedge type derbies of simulation cervical vertebra; Through loading bench the cervical vertebra biomechanical model is imposed pulling and stretching force and ballast power, and write down the numerical value that each sensor records, accomplish the test of a sections;F. and then set by step the said mode of C is successively between the 4th/fifth cervical vertebra, bury micro pressure sensor underground between the 5th/sixth cervical vertebra and between the 6th/C7, and repeats above-mentioned steps D, E respectively, accomplishes the pressure test to above-mentioned sections.
- 2. the extensor crowd's half in body biomechanics experiment method behind the cervical vertebra structure simulation neck according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: the cervical vertebra of intercepting is taken from the dead human body of acute brain injury in the said steps A.
- 3. the extensor crowd's half in body biomechanics experiment method behind the cervical vertebra structure simulation neck according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the vertebra in the said steps A places the nature position after the human body intercepting, avoids hyperextension, crosses and bend and rotation; Be placed on-40 ℃ of low temperature preservations down in the refrigerator; Test and from refrigerator, took out in preceding 2 hours, progressively thaw naturally, coated to be measured with the physiological saline gauze.
- 4. the extensor crowd's half in body biomechanics experiment method behind the cervical vertebra structure simulation neck according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: said upper supporting disk is fixed on the several respective vertebrae through the mode that Kirschner wire adds bone cement with following carrier.
- 5. the extensor crowd's half in body biomechanics experiment method behind the cervical vertebra structure simulation neck according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: said micro pressure sensor is a resistance strain gage.
- 6. the extensor crowd's half in body biomechanics experiment method behind the cervical vertebra structure simulation neck according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: before the cervical vertebra biomechanical model is carried out biomechanics experiment; Earlier the cervical spondylopathy patient is carried out testing at body; Learn the numerical value that characteristic obtains in bulk measurement according to the extensor of neck efforts of everyone and confirm the value of thrust scope of said tension spring, and be based upon in the neck soft under the muscular motivation effect constitutive equation of cervical vertebra primary structure.
- 7. the extensor crowd's half in body biomechanics experiment method behind the cervical vertebra structure simulation neck according to claim 6; It is characterized in that:, limit the pulling force of cervical vertebra biomechanical model experiment according to the value of thrust scope of confirming in the body experiment according to the stress-strain constitutive relation that the constitutive equation of testing the cervical vertebra primary structure of setting up at body is demarcated tension spring.
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| CN102631203B (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2013-08-14 | 深圳清华大学研究院 | Device for detecting intervertebral disc pressure |
| CN103714737B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2016-01-20 | 中国中医科学院望京医院 | Towards cervical vertebra mechanical simulation apparatus and the method for revolving handle method overall process |
| CN103714738B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-12-30 | 中国中医科学院望京医院 | Mechanical hook-up simulation cervical traction is adopted to put forward the method and device of pulling characteristic |
| CN108406763B (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2020-08-07 | 嘉兴学院 | Human-simulated cervical vertebra system based on pneumatic muscles |
| CN109859592B (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-12-08 | 华中科技大学 | Soft tissue injury simulation test device |
| CN109431516B (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2024-01-26 | 新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院 | Cervical vertebra mobility measuring equipment and cervical vertebra mobility measuring method |
| CN110047359A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-23 | 莆田学院 | A kind of the lesion apparatus for demonstrating and demenstration method of artery myelopathy |
| CN112050849A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2020-12-08 | 四川大学 | Novel 3D prints temporomandibular joint biomechanics experimental system |
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| CN1402199A (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2003-03-12 | 上海中医药大学 | Method for creating model of intervertebral disc degradation |
| CN101826270A (en) * | 2010-05-06 | 2010-09-08 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院卫生装备研究所 | Spine motion quantity measurement method of medical training dummy with simulation spine |
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| CN1402199A (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2003-03-12 | 上海中医药大学 | Method for creating model of intervertebral disc degradation |
| CN101826270A (en) * | 2010-05-06 | 2010-09-08 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院卫生装备研究所 | Spine motion quantity measurement method of medical training dummy with simulation spine |
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