CN101825499A - Method for measuring sea water temperature profile based on optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle - Google Patents
Method for measuring sea water temperature profile based on optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for a measuring sea water temperature profile based on an optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle. A Brillouin optical time domain reflection principle-based measurement system consists of a narrow line-width laser, an optical coupler, a pulse generator, an optical modulator, a circulator, an optical switch, a photoelectric detector, a Brillouin frequency shift detection unit and a sensing optical cable. The sensing optical cable used by the invention has a small size and sea water corrosion resistance, and is convenient to use. The measurement system has high reliability and high measuring sensitivity, can provide continuous temperature field distribution of the sea water profile, and is particularly suitable for real-time continuous measurement of the sea water temperature profile.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method, belong to field of measuring technique along depth direction measurement ocean temperature distribution situation.
Background technology
Ocean temperature is the important content in oceanographic survey, the monitoring, is indispensable technical parameter in marine hydrology, meteorological observation and the investigation.The measurement of ocean temperature section has crucial Practical significance to research Marine Sciences, marine environmental monitoring, seasonal climate prediction and sea fishery etc.So-called seawater temperature profile measurement is meant along depth direction measures the ocean temperature distribution situation.Need provide the temperature information of the depth of water and respective depth, long-time real-time monitored also needs to provide observation time.
The major equipment that is used for seawater temperature profile measurement both at home and abroad is ocean, a thermohaline deep-sea visualizer (CTD), and instrument mainly is equipped with the electronic surveying circuit by temperature, salinity and three kinds of sensors of pressure and constitutes.It with electronic part encapsulations such as data acquisition unit, data transmission unit and power supplys in high-intensity pressure vessel.CTD thermometric degree of accuracy can reach 0.001 ℃ of grade, and it patrols thermometric degree, salinity and the degree of depth by hanging in the different depth pointwise, and shortcoming is to realize the variation of real-time and long-time simultaneous observation temperature profile.
Chinese patent " seawater temperature sensor chain " has proposed the quasi-distributed sensor chain structure of a kind of many linear transducer arrays type, and its structure comprises temperature sensor, pressure transducer, float, wirerope, hangs steel column, load-bearing steel column and shielded cable.Wherein, the encapsulation type thermistor temperature sensor is embedded on the float, and float is configured on the wirerope with 5cm to 100cm spacing, and the two ends of wirerope are locked in the steel bowl of hanging steel column and load-bearing steel column with wirerope steel bushing and wire fixture respectively.Pressure transducer is fixed on the top of the load-bearing steel column of thermistor chain lower end, and the shielded cable of a branch of 33 each 50m length is passed by the center pit of float, as transmission cable.
In addition, the SEAGUARD sensor chain system of Norway AANDERAA company adopts the quasi-distributed sensor chain structure of many linear transducer arrays type, can be used for measuring ocean environment parameters such as dissolved oxygen DO, conductivity, temperature, electric current, pressure and morning and evening tides, the basic element of character comprises sensor chain and registering instrument.This system can adopt the self-tolerant working method, and each back opening entry measurement data of throwing in after measurement after a while, is salvaged the water surface, and the storage data of extracting in the registering instrument are carried out analyzing and processing.If apolegamy is gathered in real time and the communications accessory also can be realized real-time measurement.This system can establish 25 measurement points, adopts sensor chain stationary fixture fixation of sensor at each measurement point, can fix 2 sensors in each anchor clamps.300 meters of sensor chain length overall Ke Da, system adopts the encapsulation type thermistor temperature sensor.
Though more than two kinds of quasi-distributed sensor chain structures overcome CTD and can only pointwise patrol the shortcoming of surveying and can not measuring in real time, temperature chain volume is huge, is inconvenient to use the winch folding and unfolding; The measured node quantity of total system is limited by power supply capacity, is difficult to satisfy spatial resolution height (observer nodes is intensive) and the big application requirements of the scope that fathoms; Anti-interference and shielding problem in electrical isolation in the needs consideration seawater and the electric signal transmission course; Can only measure fixing spatial point position temperature and depth information, can not implementation space continuous distribution formula truly measure.
Distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing technology is a kind of novel measuring technique, and only having needs one-shot measurement can obtain along distinct advantages such as continuous distribution information, measuring accuracy height, accurate positioning, the distance sensing of tested of whole optical fiber are far away.Adopt distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing technology to realize that seawater temperature profile measurement need use special optical cable, specific (special) requirements such as this optical cable should be able to satisfy the tolerance marine corrosion, have good tension and compressive property, volume is little, in light weight, be easy to lay; In addition, because the influence of ocean current, optical cable can not keep desirable perpendicular attitude, and the depth of water of its length and reality is also inconsistent, so require seawater temperature profile measurement optical cable sense temperature and corresponding Water Depth Information simultaneously.But existing optical cable can not satisfy above application demand.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of seawater temperature profile measurement method based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle, it can be in real time and simultaneous observation temperature profile dynamic change for a long time, and can the continuous coverage of implementation space point, needn't consider advantages such as electrical isolation and anti-interference problem.
The alleged problem of the present invention realizes with following technical proposals:
A kind of seawater temperature profile measurement method based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle, it constitutes sensing optic cable with pressure sensing optical fiber direct and contact with sea water with the temperature sensing optical fiber combination that has shielded seawater pressure together, and by narrow linewidth laser, photo-coupler, pulse producer, photomodulator, grating filter, image intensifer, Polarization Controller, circulator, photoswitch, photoelectric detector and Brillouin shift detecting unit are formed one based on the measure portion in the measuring system of Brillouin light Time Domain Reflectometry principle, during measurement sensing optic cable is put into seawater, the light signal that narrow linewidth laser sends is divided into two paths of signals through photo-coupler, one tunnel output light signal is as local oscillator light, through the polarization state of second Polarization Controller control local oscillator light signal; Another road light signal is through the polarization state of first Polarization Controller control light signal, become pulsed light through the pulse generator with first light modulator modulates, pulsed light amplifies through first image intensifer, spontaneous heating radiated noise by the introducing of the first grating filter filtering, first image intensifer, again in circulator and photoswitch enter a sensor fibre in the sensing optic cable, the spontaneous Brillouin back scattering luminous that produces in the sensor fibre is through circulator and second image intensifer and second grating filter, in photoelectric detector, realize that with local oscillator light the overseas difference of light detects, at last adopt the demodulation and ask for the Brillouin shift information of each scattering point that distributes along the sensing optic cable fiber lengths from photoelectric detector output electric signal of microwave frequency sweep method by the Brillouin shift detecting unit, and then according to Brillouin shift and temperature, the funtcional relationship of the static pressure that corresponding difference is sea water advanced, obtain sea water advanced and Temperature Distribution, realize the distributed measurement of ocean temperature section along the sensor fibre length distribution.
Above-mentioned seawater temperature profile measurement method based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle, described Brillouin shift detecting unit is by microwave local oscillator, frequency mixer, amplifier, low-pass filter, data collecting card and computing machine are formed, during detection, thereby the frequency of regulating microwave local oscillator by certain frequency interval one by one travels through given frequency range, the brillouin frequency shifting signal of the microwave signal of microwave local oscillator output and photoelectric detector output carries out mixing in frequency mixer, output signal after the mixing is amplified and low-pass filter filtering through amplifier, by the data collecting card image data and be transferred to computing machine and handle, for each scattering point that distributes along fiber lengths, all data that computing machine will obtain in a microwave frequency sweep cycle are carried out the Lorentz match, obtain Brillouin's spectral distribution curve, the frequency of amplitude maximum point correspondence is the Brillouin shift of this scattering point in the curve.
The alleged problem of the present invention can also adopt another technical scheme to realize:
A kind of seawater temperature profile measurement method based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle, it constitutes sensing optic cable with pressure sensing optical fiber direct and contact with sea water with the temperature sensing optical fiber combination that has shielded seawater pressure together, and forms a measure portion based on the measuring system of Brillouin optical time domain analysis principle by narrow linewidth laser, photo-coupler, pulse producer, first photomodulator, image intensifer, frequency sweep electrooptic modulator, circulator, grating filter, optoisolator, scrambler, optical filter, photoswitch, Brillouin shift detecting unit; Described frequency sweep electrooptic modulator comprises second Polarization Controller, sweep generator, second photomodulator; Sensing optic cable is put into seawater during measurement, the light signal that narrow linewidth laser produces is divided into two-way by photo-coupler, one road light signal is through the polarization state of first Polarization Controller control light signal, become burst pulse light by pulse producer, first light modulator modulates, through the spontaneous emission noise that first image intensifer amplifies, the first grating filter filtering, first image intensifer produces, enter a sensor fibre in the sensing optic cable through first optoisolator, circulator, photoswitch again; Another road optical signals frequency sweep electrooptic modulator produces the continuous light signal of about 11GHz frequency displacement, chooses the upper side band of modulated signal through optical filter, enters another sensor fibre in the sensing optic cable through second optoisolator, scrambler, photoswitch; Article two, optical fiber constitutes loop through the joints of optical fibre under water; When the two-way light frequency difference of transmission was consistent with the Brillouin shift of certain scattering point in the optical fiber in opposite directions in the Fiber In The Loop FITE, the stimulated Brillouin scattering signal that produces at this scattering point in the optical fiber was the strongest; The stimulated Brillouin scattering signal enters the Brillouin shift detecting unit by photoswitch, circulator, adopt electric light frequency sweep method to ask for by the Brillouin shift detecting unit along the Brillouin shift information of each scattering point of sensing optic cable fiber lengths distribution, and then according to the funtcional relationship of Brillouin shift and temperature, corresponding different sea water advanced static pressures, obtain sea water advanced and Temperature Distribution, realize the distributed measurement of ocean temperature section along the sensor fibre length distribution.
Above-mentioned seawater temperature profile measurement method based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle, described Brillouin shift detecting unit is by photoelectric detector, amplifier, low-pass filter, data collecting card and computing machine are formed, photoelectric detector is an electric signal with the stimulated Brillouin scattering light conversion of signals, amplify and low-pass filter filtering through amplifier, by the data collecting card image data and be transferred to computing machine and handle, for each scattering point that distributes along fiber lengths, all data that computing machine will obtain in a microwave frequency sweep cycle are carried out the Lorentz match, obtain Brillouin's spectral distribution curve, the frequency of amplitude maximum point correspondence is the Brillouin shift of this scattering point in the curve.
The method of determining the scattering point position in above-mentioned two kinds of technical schemes is identical: send light pulse from an end of optical fiber constantly at t=0, begin to receive a series of scattered signal from t=0 at the transmitting terminal of pulsed light, measure the scattered signal of certain scattering point correspondence and the time interval t between the input optical pulse, determine fiber lengths L between this scattering point and the pulse light incident side according to formula L=ct/ (2n), c is the light velocity in the vacuum in the formula, and n is the refractive index of optical fiber.
The sensing optic cable that uses in above-mentioned two kinds of technical schemes is identical, by two button stainless steel flexible hoses and sub-optical cable of temperature inside sensing and the sub-optical cable composition of pressure sensing, the sub-optical cable of described temperature sensing is by temperature sensing optical fiber and be sleeved on its outside stainless steel sleeve pipe and form, the sub-optical cable of described pressure sensing is by pressure sensing optical fiber and be sleeved on its outside bourdon tube successively and the stainless steel wire mesh grid is formed, and described pressure sensing optical fiber surface is coated with polyurethane pressure sensitive material layer.
Above-mentioned ocean temperature based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle is cutd open and measuring method, and the temperature sensing optical fiber in the sub-optical cable of described temperature sensing is provided with 2～4; The sub-optical cable of described pressure sensing is provided with two.
The beneficial effect of the designed sensing optic cable of the present invention is: two button stainless steel flexible hoses have good tension and lateral pressure resistant performance, are used for load-bearing so that optical cable is rendered to projected depth; Adopt the stainless steel sleeve pipe to have the anti-simultaneously seawater pressure of good temperature-sensitive performance, entry terminal water-tight during use makes temperature sensing optical fiber not affected by force, improves thermometric precision; The polyurethane pressure sensitive material has higher pressure sensitivity, can improve spatial resolution when being used for bathymetric survey, proofreaies and correct optical cable and tilts for the influence of section temperature-measuring results because of ocean current.Bourdon tube and stainless steel wire mesh grid are used to strengthen the physical strength of optical fiber, are easy to dry, and be anticorrosive.
The present invention will be applied to the real-time monitoring of ocean temperature section based on the measuring technique of optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle, the problem that existing measurement temperature chain volume is huge, can not realize continuous monitoring can be solved well, and the continuous temperature field distribution of seawater section can be provided.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of sensing optic cable proposed by the invention;
Fig. 2 is the BOTDR optical fiber sensing system;
Fig. 3 is the BOTDA optical fiber sensing system;
Fig. 4 composes distribution example along the Brillouin on the fiber lengths.
Each label is among the figure: 1, two button stainless steel flexible hoses; 2, temperature sensing optical fiber; 3, stainless steel sleeve pipe; 4, stainless steel wire mesh grid; 5, bourdon tube; 6, pressure sensing optical fiber; 7, polyurethane pressure sensitive material layer; EOM1, first photomodulator; EOM2, second photomodulator; EDFA1, first image intensifer; EDFA2, second image intensifer; PC1, first Polarization Controller; PC2, second Polarization Controller; OF, optical filter; PS, scrambler; GX, sensor fibre.
Used symbol: T, ocean temperature in the literary composition; P, seawater pressure; v
B1(T), the corresponding Brillouin shift of the sub-optical cable of temperature when temperature T; T
r, reference temperature; v
B1(T
r), the corresponding Brillouin shift of the sub-optical cable of temperature when reference temperature; v
B2(T, P), the corresponding Brillouin shift of the sub-optical cable of pressure when temperature T and pressure P; P
r, reference pressure; v
B2(T
r, P
r), the corresponding Brillouin shift of the sub-optical cable of pressure when reference temperature and reference pressure; C
VT1, be the temperature sensing coefficient of the sub-optical cable of temperature; C
VT2, the sub-optical cable of pressure the temperature sensing coefficient; C
VP, the sub-optical cable of pressure the pressure sensing coefficient; BOTDR, Brillouin light Time Domain Reflectometry; BOTDA, Brillouin optical time domain analysis.
Embodiment
BOTDR and BOTDA system realize distributed measurement by the method that detects Brillouin shift, measuring method of the present invention is: during measurement surveying instrument is installed in oceanographic buoy, boats and ships or offshore oil platform, sensing optic cable is vertically put into seawater, send light pulse from an end of optical fiber, in fiber medium, produce Brillouin scattering, temperature and pressure can cause that all the frequency displacement of Brillouin scattering changes, Fig. 4 is a kind of embodiment (is stepped appearance along the Temperature Distribution of fiber lengths by 5 intervals and changes, have nothing in common with each other corresponding to the Brillouin shift of each interval peak light strength).As can be seen from Figure 4, when temperature variation, show the temperature variant obvious skew of centre frequency (Brillouin shift) of Brillouin's spectrum along the Brillouin spectrum of 150m sensor fibre.The degree of depth of seawater is embodied by the hydrostatic pressing measured value of seawater, is obtained by the sub-optical cable of pressure sensing in the present embodiment.The temperature of seawater is obtained by the sub-optical cable of temperature sensing.Utilize the Brillouin shift detecting unit to measure the frequency displacement numerical value of each sub-optical cable along each scattering point of fiber length.Measure equation is
v
B1(T)＝v
B1(T
r)[1+C
vT1(T-T
r)] (1)
v
B2(T，P)＝v
B2(T
r，P
r)[1+C
vP(P-P
r)+C
vT2(T-T
r)] (2)
Wherein, T, P difference representation temperature, pressure; T
r, P
rBe respectively reference temperature, reference pressure; v
B1(T) and v
B1(T
r) be respectively the sub-optical cable of temperature at temperature T and T
rThe time corresponding Brillouin shift; For the sub-optical cable of temperature sensing because the strain that brings of seawater pressure of having adopted the stainless steel sleeve tube shield, Brillouin shift only and temperature correlation, C
VT1Temperature sensing coefficient for the sub-optical cable of temperature; v
B2(T, P) and v
B2(T
r, P
r) be respectively the corresponding Brillouin shift of the sub-optical cable of pressure when temperature T, pressure P and reference temperature, reference pressure; C
VT2, C
VPBe respectively the temperature and pressure transduction factor of the sub-optical cable of pressure.By coefficient C is determined in the system's chamber of experimentizing calibration (the measuring process part that detailed process is seen below)
VT1, C
VT2, C
VP
During actual measurement, adopt the Brillouin shift detecting instrument to measure the Brillouin shift v of the sub-optical cable of temperature sensing along each scattering point signal of fiber lengths distribution
B1(T), demarcate temperature coefficient C by the laboratory
VT1, can find the solution Temperature Distribution along fiber lengths according to formula (1).For the sub-optical cable of pressure sensing, its Brillouin shift comprises two parts: the frequency displacement that frequency displacement that temperature variation is introduced and hydrostatic pressing are introduced.The Temperature Distribution numerical value that the sub-optical cable of temperature sensing is recorded, adopt the Brillouin shift v of each scattering point signal that the sub-optical cable of pressure sensing that the Brillouin shift detecting instrument measures distributes along fiber lengths along cable length
B2(T, P), laboratory calibration coefficient C
VT2And C
VPSubstitution formula (2) is found the solution the hydrostatic force distribution along fiber lengths, tries to achieve corresponding sea water advanced H according to the pressure value P of seawater:
Wherein, γ is the proportion of seawater.And then acquisition is finally drawn out temperature-depth curve by above measured value along the sea water advanced information of fiber lengths.
Utilize the attitude of optical cable of the present invention can also provide the ocean current distribution situation of coastal water depth direction, the relation that the sub-optical cable of fiber lengths and pressure is measured between sea water advanced promptly reflects the attitude of optical cable.
Referring to Fig. 1, optical cable provided by the invention comprises: two stainless steel flexible hose 1, the sub-optical cable of temperature sensing and two sub-optical cables of pressure sensing buckled.The sub-optical cable of temperature sensing is made up of temperature sensing optical fiber 2 and stainless steel sleeve pipe 3 thereof.The sub-optical cable of pressure sensing comprises pressure sensing optical fiber 6, bourdon tube 5 and stainless steel wire mesh grid 4, and pressure sensing optical fiber 6 surface-coated have polyurethane pressure sensitive material layer 7.
The main making step of optical cable comprises among the present invention:
1, temperature sensing optical fiber 2 coated with thermally conductive ointment (reducing the optical fiber wearing and tearing when improving temperature control) coat stainless steel sleeve pipe 3 then, make the sub-optical cable of temperature sensing;
2, pressure sensing optical fiber 6 is applied polyurethane pressure sensitive material layer 7, the sub-optical cable of pressure sensing (two) is made in outsourcing bourdon tube 5 and stainless steel wire mesh grid 4 then;
3, three strip optical cables are twisted the coiled one so that improve counter-bending ability, the two button of outsourcing stainless steel flexible hoses 1 are made this optical cable then.Attention: earlier with the slight strand of the sub-optical cable of temperature sensing around, windings of again two sub-optical cables of pressure sensing being taken advantage of a situation, defence damage polyurethane pressure sensitive material layer 7.
This cable outer diameter is 10～12mm, and the resistance to tension maximum can reach 3000 newton, 350 meters of cable lengths.Two button stainless steel flexible hoses 1 are that the steel band of 0.2～0.3mm is made by thickness.The about 3mm of stainless steel sleeve pipe 3 overall diameters of the sub-optical cable of temperature sensing, thick 0.2mm.The pressure sensitive material that the sub-optical cable of pressure sensing applies requires low Young modulus and higher Poisson ratio (to be respectively 8*10 in the present embodiment
7Pa and 0.4).Naked fine 2～3 orders of magnitude that improve of the remolding sensitivity of the sub-optical cable of pressure sensing.Stainless steel wire mesh grid 4 adopts the STAINLESS STEEL WIRE braiding of diameter 0.2mm to form; Close the turning to of stainless steel wire that lateral pressure resistant bourdon tube 5 adopts diameter 1mm.
During concrete enforcement, the temperature sensing optical fiber 2 in the sub-optical cable of temperature sensing is bonding by certain spaced points and stainless steel sleeve pipe 3 inwalls in the whole length range of optical fiber along axis direction, guarantee that the optical fiber between the adhesive spots is in the state that freely relaxes.Each parts of the sub-optical cable of pressure also select spaced points bonding, the deadweight of being born sub-optical cable by stainless steel wire mesh grid 4.
Referring to Fig. 2, in the BOTDR optical fiber sensing system, the light that narrow linewidth laser sends is exported through photo-coupler, and one road light is as local oscillator light, and second Polarization Controller (PC2) is in order to the polarization state of control local oscillator light signal; The polarization state of another Lu Guangjing first Polarization Controller (PC1) control light signal, (EOM1) is modulated into pulsed light through first electrooptic modulator, amplify through first image intensifer (EDFA1), spontaneous heating radiation (ASE) noise by the first grating filter filtering, first image intensifer, light signal enters a optical fiber in the sensing optic cable through circulator and photoswitch, the Brillouin back scattering luminous that produces in the optical fiber is through circulator and second image intensifer (EDFA2) and second grating filter, in photoelectric detector, realize that with local oscillator light the overseas difference of light detects, adopt microwave frequency sweep method demodulation Brillouin shift information from photoelectric detector output electric signal then, regulate the centre frequency of microwave local oscillator, microwave local oscillation and Brillouin's signal carry out mixing, output signal is through low-pass filter filtering, by the data collecting card image data and be transferred to computing machine and carry out the Lorentz match, the frequency of spectrum amplitude maximum point correspondence is the Brillouin shift of this scattering point.
Referring to Fig. 3, in the BOTDA optical fiber sensing system, narrow linewidth laser is divided into two-way by photo-coupler with light signal, one road optical signals, first photomodulator (EOM1) is modulated into burst pulse light, first Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (EDFA1) amplifying optical signals, spontaneous radiation (ASE) noise that the first grating filter filtering, first Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (EDFA1) produces, the direction of propagation of optoisolator restriction light, last optical signals photoswitch enters an end of a certain optical fiber in the sensing optic cable; Another road optical signals second photomodulator (EOM2) produces the continuous light signal of about 11GHz frequency displacement, second Polarization Controller (PC2) and scrambler (PS) carry out the control of polarization state, optical filter OF chooses the upper side band of modulated signal, and last light signal enters an end of another optical fiber of sensing optic cable through photoswitch; Article two, optical fiber constitutes loop through the joints of optical fibre under water.When the two-way light frequency difference of transmission was consistent with the Brillouin shift of optical fiber point in opposite directions in the Fiber In The Loop FITE, optical fiber was the strongest at the stimulated Brillouin scattering signal that this point produces.The stimulated Brillouin scattering signal enters the Brillouin shift detecting unit by circulator, is finished functions such as opto-electronic conversion, data filtering, Lorentz match, data management and demonstration by the Brillouin shift detecting unit.
Device name that adopts in the Brillouin system in the present embodiment and model are:
Narrow linewidth laser adopts TL-2020-C-102-A; Photo-coupler, splitting ratio are 50: 50; Photomodulator (EOM) adopts 10Gb/s lithium niobate light intensity modulator MOD22212; Pulse producer adopts 81110A; Image intensifer (EDFA) adopts EDFA-PA-1-X-FC type Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA); Circulator adopts 3 mouthfuls of circulators; Grating filter adopts parameter 1550nm ± 40nm grating; Polarization Controller (PC) adopts PCD-MO2; Photoelectric detector adopts UltraFast-200SM; Microwave local oscillator adopts HWFS46-10K; Frequency mixer adopts HWMY82C; Low noise amplifier adopts NLNA00201L30; Low-pass filter adopts LPF100; Data collecting card adopts ZT410-2X; Sweep generator (frequency synthesizer) adopts HWFS46-10K; Optical filter (OF) adopts 1550.0336nm ± 0.08nm grating; Optoisolator, PIIS1-121122; Scrambler (PS) adopts PCD-003, and photoswitch adopts PRMS-12T1L1222 and PRMS-14M1L1222.
Measuring process of the present invention is:
1. laboratory temperature is demarcated: get sensing optic cable sample (being no less than 15 meters in the present embodiment) and put into attemperating unit and carry out temperature value calibration normal pressure (reference pressure) under, at first regulate attemperating unit to 35 ℃, successively decrease with the temperature interval of setting then, up to-2 ℃.The demarcation of temperature is determined according to actual measurement requirement at interval, according to the temperature gradient distribution rule of 300 meters seawater, sets series and demarcates temperature value in the present embodiment: 35 ℃, and 25 ℃, 15 ℃, 5 ℃ ,-2 ℃.Here getting reference temperature is 25 ℃.Adopt the Brillouin shift detecting instrument to measure the Brillouin shift v of temperature sensing optical fiber under corresponding each temperature spot T
B1(T), thus same temperature spot measure down repeatedly to nominal data (v
B1(T), repeatedly measured value T) averages to obtain better repeatability and precision, with each temperature value T and corresponding Brillouin shift v thereof
B1(T) mean value carries out linear fit according to formula (1) and finds the solution coefficient C
VT1Because normal pressure is measured down, P-P in the formula (2)
r=0, adopt the Brillouin shift detecting instrument to measure the Brillouin shift v of corresponding each temperature spot T downforce sensor fibre
B2(T, P
r), same temperature spot is measured repeatedly down, thereby to nominal data (v
B2(T, P
r), repeatedly measured value T) averages to obtain better repeatability and precision, with each temperature value T and corresponding Brillouin shift v thereof
B2(T, P
r) mean value carries out linear fit according to formula (2) and find the solution coefficient C
VT2.
2. laboratory pressure calibration: get sensing optic cable sample (being no less than 15 meters in the present embodiment) and put into pressure and regulate container and carry out the calibration of normal temperature (reference temperature) downforce value, at first regulating force value is 0MPa, increases progressively with the pressure intervals of setting then, up to 3MPa.Demarcate at interval and determine, set serial calibration value: 0MPa, 0.5MPa, 1MPa, 1.5MPa, 2MPa, 2.5MPa, 3MPa in the present embodiment according to actual measurement requirement.Because normal temperature is measured down, T-T in the formula (2)
r=0, adopt the Brillouin shift detecting instrument to measure the Brillouin shift v of corresponding each pressure P point downforce sensor fibre
B2(T
r, P), same spot pressure is measured repeatedly so that to nominal data (v down
B2(T
r, P), repeatedly measured value P) averages, thereby obtains better repeatability and precision, with each pressure value P and corresponding Brillouin shift v thereof
B2(T
r, P) mean value carries out linear fit according to formula (2) and finds the solution coefficient C
VP.
3. before measuring in real time, connect each unit of system earlier, whether check system is working properly.
4. guarantee that system lays sensing optic cable along depth direction by optical cable laying under the good situation of system performance.
5. optical cable laying finishes and then can formally begin the real-time measurement of ocean temperature section.The control photoswitch with laser pulse generator cut-in temperature sensor fibre 2, is received the brillouin frequency shifting signal that causes along the temperature in the fiber lengths scope by the Brillouin shift detecting unit earlier.Control photoswitch again after finishing temperature survey,, receive the brillouin frequency shifting signal that causes along the temperature and pressure acting in conjunction in the fiber lengths scope by the Brillouin shift detecting unit laser pulse generator cut-in pressure sensor fibre 6.
6. Brillouin shift detecting unit data that 5. step is obtained by formula the calibrating parameters that 1. 2. provides of (1), formula (2) and step carry out demodulation, finally calculate along temperature in the fiber lengths scope and depth value.
7. realize functions such as printing reports (describing ocean temperature-depth relationship), data transmission with curve and form by the management software of installing in the Brillouin shift detecting unit.
During concrete enforcement, if be subjected to demarcating the restriction of container, can adopt the method for demarcating the back stranding, that is: demarcate temperature-sensitive optical fiber 2 and the pressure sensing optical fiber 6 that applies polyurethane pressure sensitive material layer 7 in the sensing optic cable earlier, the detailed process of demarcating is 1. 2. identical with step, and then makes stranding.But note trying not to introduce stress in the stranding process.
Claims (8)
1. seawater temperature profile measurement method based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle, it is characterized in that, it constitutes sensing optic cable with pressure sensing optical fiber direct and contact with sea water with the temperature sensing optical fiber combination that has shielded seawater pressure together, and by narrow linewidth laser, photo-coupler, pulse producer, photomodulator, grating filter, image intensifer, Polarization Controller, circulator, photoswitch, photoelectric detector and Brillouin shift detecting unit are formed the measure portion based on the measuring system of Brillouin light Time Domain Reflectometry principle, during measurement sensing optic cable is put into seawater, the light signal that narrow linewidth laser sends is divided into two paths of signals through photo-coupler, one tunnel output light signal is as local oscillator light, through the polarization state of second Polarization Controller control local oscillator light signal; Another road light signal is through the polarization state of first Polarization Controller control light signal, become pulsed light through the pulse generator with first light modulator modulates, pulsed light amplifies through first image intensifer, spontaneous heating radiated noise by the introducing of the first grating filter filtering, first image intensifer, again in circulator and photoswitch enter a sensor fibre in the sensing optic cable, the spontaneous Brillouin back scattering luminous that produces in the sensor fibre is through circulator and second image intensifer and second grating filter, in photoelectric detector, realize that with local oscillator light the overseas difference of light detects, at last adopt the demodulation and ask for the Brillouin shift information of each scattering point that distributes along the sensing optic cable fiber lengths from photoelectric detector output electric signal of microwave frequency sweep method by the Brillouin shift detecting unit, and then according to Brillouin shift and temperature, the funtcional relationship of the static pressure that corresponding difference is sea water advanced, obtain sea water advanced and Temperature Distribution, realize the distributed measurement of ocean temperature section along the sensor fibre length distribution.
2. according to the described seawater temperature profile measurement method of claim 1 based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle, it is characterized in that, described Brillouin shift detecting unit is by microwave local oscillator, frequency mixer, amplifier, low-pass filter, data collecting card and computing machine are formed, during detection, thereby the frequency of regulating microwave local oscillator by certain frequency interval one by one travels through given frequency range, the brillouin frequency shifting signal of the microwave local oscillation signal of microwave local oscillator output and photoelectric detector output carries out mixing in frequency mixer, output signal after the mixing is amplified and low-pass filter filtering through amplifier, by the data collecting card image data and be transferred to computing machine and handle, for each scattering point that distributes along fiber lengths, all data that computing machine will obtain in a microwave frequency sweep cycle are carried out the Lorentz match, obtain Brillouin's spectral distribution curve, the frequency of amplitude maximum point correspondence is the Brillouin shift of this scattering point in the curve.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described seawater temperature profile measurement methods based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle, it is characterized in that, described sensing optic cable is made up of two button stainless steel flexible hoses (1) and the sub-optical cable of temperature inside sensing thereof and the sub-optical cable of pressure sensing, the sub-optical cable of described temperature sensing is by temperature sensing optical fiber (2) and be sleeved on its outside stainless steel sleeve pipe (3) and form, the sub-optical cable of described pressure sensing is by pressure sensing optical fiber (6) and be sleeved on its outside bourdon tube (5) successively and stainless steel wire mesh grid (4) is formed, and described pressure sensing optical fiber (6) surface-coated has polyurethane pressure sensitive material layer (7).
4. according to the described seawater temperature profile measurement method of claim 3, it is characterized in that the temperature sensing optical fiber (2) in the sub-optical cable of described temperature sensing is provided with 2～4 based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle; The sub-optical cable of described pressure sensing is provided with two.
5. seawater temperature profile measurement method based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle, it is characterized in that, it constitutes sensing optic cable with pressure sensing optical fiber direct and contact with sea water with the temperature sensing optical fiber combination that has shielded seawater pressure together, and forms a measuring system based on the Brillouin optical time domain analysis principle by narrow linewidth laser, photo-coupler, pulse producer, first photomodulator, image intensifer, frequency sweep electrooptic modulator, circulator, grating filter, optoisolator, scrambler, optical filter, photoswitch, Brillouin shift detecting unit; Described frequency sweep electrooptic modulator comprises second Polarization Controller, sweep generator, second photomodulator; Sensing optic cable is put into seawater during measurement, the light signal that narrow linewidth laser produces is divided into two-way by photo-coupler, one road light signal is through the polarization state of first Polarization Controller control light signal, become burst pulse light by pulse producer, first light modulator modulates, through the spontaneous emission noise that first image intensifer amplifies, the first grating filter filtering, first image intensifer produces, enter a sensor fibre in the sensing optic cable through first optoisolator, circulator, photoswitch again; Another road optical signals frequency sweep electrooptic modulator produces the continuous light signal of about 11GHz frequency displacement, chooses the upper side band of modulated signal through optical filter, enters another sensor fibre in the sensing optic cable through second optoisolator, scrambler, photoswitch; Article two, optical fiber constitutes loop through the joints of optical fibre under water; When the two-way light frequency difference of transmission was consistent with the Brillouin shift of certain scattering point in the optical fiber in opposite directions in the Fiber In The Loop FITE, the stimulated Brillouin scattering signal that produces at this scattering point in the optical fiber was the strongest; The stimulated Brillouin scattering signal enters the Brillouin shift detecting unit by photoswitch, circulator, adopt electric light frequency sweep method to ask for by the Brillouin shift detecting unit along the Brillouin shift information of each scattering point of sensing optic cable fiber lengths distribution, and then according to the funtcional relationship of Brillouin shift and temperature, corresponding different sea water advanced static pressures, obtain sea water advanced and temperature information, realize the distributed measurement of ocean temperature section along the sensor fibre length distribution.
6. according to the described seawater temperature profile measurement method of claim 5 based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle, it is characterized in that, described Brillouin shift detecting unit is by photoelectric detector, amplifier, low-pass filter, data collecting card and computing machine are formed, photoelectric detector is an electric signal with the stimulated Brillouin scattering light conversion of signals, amplify and low-pass filter filtering through amplifier, by the data collecting card image data and be transferred to computing machine and handle, for each scattering point that distributes along fiber lengths, all data that computing machine will obtain in a microwave frequency sweep cycle are carried out the Lorentz match, obtain Brillouin's spectral distribution curve, the frequency of amplitude maximum point correspondence is the Brillouin shift of this scattering point in the curve.
7. according to claim 5 or 6 described seawater temperature profile measurement methods based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle, it is characterized in that, described sensing optic cable is made up of two button stainless steel flexible hoses (1) and the sub-optical cable of temperature inside sensing thereof and the sub-optical cable of pressure sensing, the sub-optical cable of described temperature sensing is by temperature sensing optical fiber (2) and be sleeved on its outside stainless steel sleeve pipe (3) and form, the sub-optical cable of described pressure sensing is by pressure sensing optical fiber (6) and be sleeved on its outside bourdon tube (5) successively and stainless steel wire mesh grid (4) is formed, and described pressure sensing optical fiber (6) surface-coated has polyurethane pressure sensitive material layer (7).
8. according to the described seawater temperature profile measurement method of claim 7, it is characterized in that the temperature sensing optical fiber (2) in the sub-optical cable of described temperature sensing is provided with 2～4 based on the optical fiber Brillouin scattering principle; The sub-optical cable of described pressure sensing is provided with two.
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| CN114485988A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-13 | 江苏海洋大学 | Underwater temperature remote measuring system based on Raman spectrum |
| CN115388801A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-11-25 | 苏州光格科技股份有限公司 | Submarine cable strain monitoring method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
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