CN101809250A - Use of foam to increase resistance to gas flow in mine applications and apparatus for delivering same - Google Patents
Use of foam to increase resistance to gas flow in mine applications and apparatus for delivering same Download PDFInfo
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- CN101809250A CN101809250A CN200880108925A CN200880108925A CN101809250A CN 101809250 A CN101809250 A CN 101809250A CN 200880108925 A CN200880108925 A CN 200880108925A CN 200880108925 A CN200880108925 A CN 200880108925A CN 101809250 A CN101809250 A CN 101809250A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/22—Equipment for preventing the formation of, or for removal of, dust
Abstract
A process for increasing resistance to the flow of gas in underground mining operations includes providing a foam composition at desired selected locations to create a barrier to the flow of gas.
Description
The application requires in the priority of the U. S. application 60/952,946 of submission on July 31st, 2007, and the full content of this application is incorporated herein by reference.
Background technology
The present invention relates to be used for using the method for control gas flow in mining.In the mining processes process such such as the digging wall, the present invention of great use for the control gas flow.
It is known using foam to suppress coal ash, and is usually included in that production face (mine face) is located or the foam synthetic materials is applied to the coal cinder that falls transmitting the transportation point place.Be well known that also the use foam is provided at the interim barrier layer on the rubbish, can be subjected to the influence of smell and the refuse that blows afloat with the protection atmosphere.Some foam that is made of metal cation salt can be used to the generation minimum controlling the generation of hydrogen sulfide and make hydrogen sulfide.Also be well known that, use foam in the control in the discarded mine scene of a fire (mine fire), here foam can be by pressure injection to underground.Foam can be replaced combustion air and as the gas of combustion product, can be eliminated effective fire area, can from around the stratum remove heat, and can make known inhibition composition sedimentation.
Although proposed foam is used in the above-mentioned diverse application, do not propose foam is used to control gas flow, promptly in specific mining is used, increase stopping to gas flow---as in ongoing mining processes---.In the coal mining process, can produce methane.When methane is in for from about 5% to about 15% following time of level, under the situation that has 12%-21% oxygen, methane just has explosivity.Thus, need be in the relative quantity (for example oxygen and methane) of carrying out control gas in the mining processes process.Usually, control provides by ventilation system.Although ventilation system is enough, they are very expensive and need the method for the lower control gas of a kind of cost thus.
Summary of the invention
The method of gas flow in the specific region that the present invention relates to use foam to control some mine application.On the one hand, the present invention relates to method that the gas flow increase in the mine hollow space is stopped, it comprises that from the part of the part of the part of shortwall miner, longwall miner, Pillar Recovery machine, shortwall miner, longwall miner and Pillar Recovery machine one carries foam compositions to hollow space.Term " part " is used to represent any part of this machine or any subassembly relevant with this machine.
In one aspect of the invention, in the extraction operation process,, form the goaf when extractive equipment (this equipment is removed raw ore at the scene) when traversing the panel.Seal is built near the face of exploiting the goaf, to form the goaf of semitight.Seal can be formed on suitable place, crosscut.Seal can be equipped with pipeline, so that injected such as the such indifferent gas physical efficiency of nitrogen, to reduce oxygen concentration.Foam can be transported near the hollow region the seal, to provide barrier to gas flow (for example from the methane in goaf and the oxygen in whereabouts goaf).
On the other hand, cutting arrangement can be equipped with one or more foam delivery devices, for example near head door or tail-gate, guide nozzle, to provide barrier to gas flow (for example from the methane in goaf and the oxygen in whereabouts goaf) according to foam of the present invention.
On the one hand, the present invention's design reduces by 0.1% by weight at least with the methane content at tail-gate place.To this, the present invention design reduces methane content about 0.1% amount to about 1% scope by weight at the tail-gate place.In addition, the present invention's design reduces about 0.2% to about 0.8% or about 0.3% at the tail-gate place by weight with methane content and arrives the amount of about 0.6% scope, and reduces about 0.4% amount to about 0.5% scope usually.
Carry foam with certain flow with the certain amount that is enough to fill by near the formed hole of seal the goaf.Foam is selected as having and is suitable for realizing the extra extraction operation time of staying.For example, foam can have the time of staying of a few hours or one day at least or a couple of days or a week or several weeks or one month or several months or 1 year or several years.In other words, the time of staying can have at least about 50 hours, expectation be about 100 hours, suitable be about 200 hours half-life (this time after, having half foam of initial amount to retain), although also be fine such as 300,400,500,600,700,1000 hours or more such longer time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the vertical view in the exemplary storage mining area of launching in parallel panel.
Fig. 2 is that Fig. 1 stores up one amplification plan view in the panel in mining area.
Fig. 3 is that the part in the panel of the Fig. 2 after open-off is amplified plan view.
Fig. 4 is that the part in the panel of the Fig. 2 after the beginning short-walling is amplified plan view.
Fig. 5 is the schematic plan of digger, has one group of supporting unit and schematically shown to have foam delivery equipment in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a methane level Japan-China during in tail-gate position, Tou Men (HG) foam applications, under the atmospheric pressure in first experiment, that when nitrogen is used and digger guard positions place is measured.
Fig. 7 has shown the data identical with Fig. 6, and just transverse axis is expanded, only to show this several hrs between 0600 and 2200.
Fig. 8 be second experiment Japan-China under the situation of not using foam under tail-gate position, atmospheric pressure, the methane level measured of when nitrogen is used and digger guard positions place.
Fig. 9 be shown in that day shown in Figure 9 subsequently one day in tail-gate position, Tou Men (HG) foam applications, in tail-gate (TG) foam applications, under the atmospheric pressure, nitrogen use in and the methane level measured at digger guard positions place.
Figure 10 be the 3rd experiment Japan-China in tail-gate position, Tou Men (HG) foam applications, in tail-gate (TG) foam applications, under the atmospheric pressure, nitrogen use in and the methane level measured at digger guard positions place.
Figure 11 has shown the data same with Figure 10, and just transverse axis is expanded, only to be presented at this several hrs between 0000 and 1400.
The specific embodiment
Although method of the present invention can be applied to various extraction operation, but can think, very effective for Pillar Recovery exploitation (pillar extraction mining), short-walling (shortwall mining) and broadwall (longwall mining) operation.In these operations, coal storage district (reserve) 10 is divided into panel (panel) 12, and as shown in Figure 1, these panels are exposed and are developed out.(panel 1 to 8, the coal storage area of exploiting as shown in Figure 1) needs most, because they help panel exploitation (panel development) and allow to move than the equipment of weak point to help the panel parallel to vicinity.Can see that panel 12 is rectangle normally, have the inlet of intervention 14 (head door (headgate) and tail-gates (tailgate)), extend along each length, and all at one end by main-inlet 16 connections.These conventional extraction systems of panel 12 usefulness or production unit exploitation continuously.In the broadwall system, the panel is wide usually to be that 400 to 1200 feet scopes and length are 4000 to 20000 feet scopes.In Pillar Recovery or shortwall systems, the shortwall panel is usually wide to be that 100 to 200 feet and length are 2000 to 4000 feet.The production of coal or other sedimentary deposits (sedimentary deposit) is the beginning that---begins to enter the mouth 18---of an end of 12 in the panel, with along direction shown in the arrow 19, come working seam along its face or wall.
More specifically referring to Fig. 2, the panel 1 of Fig. 1 more specifically is shown as panel 20, with reference to above content, has head door inlet 22a-c (being head door 22 altogether) and tail-gate inlet 24a-c (being tail-gate 24 altogether).Each inlet 22a-c and tail-gate 24a-c are respectively by being interrupted or adjacent supporting or pillar 21a-b and 23a-b qualification.
When direction of extraction when direction shown in the arrow 19 is advanced, for short-walling the production of coal or output always along direction shown in the arrow 25 from the beginning door 22 advance to tail-gate 24, and may be all to produce for the longwell system, as describing in detail later along this both direction." three inlets " development system uses three main doors (maingate) inlet 16a-c (being main door 16 altogether)." three inlet " mining system uses three main door inlet 16a-c (being main door 16 altogether), three stature doors inlet 22a-c and three tail-gates inlet 24a-c, and they are generally used for the air duct, escape route and other functions that provide necessary.This system allows in the inlet of centre belt and traffic route to be installed, and can allow an outside inlet to be used as to return air duct.Although the present invention is the description of making in conjunction with " three inlets " development system, those skilled in the art are necessary to understand, and the present invention can be used in other structures equally, can more clearly learn hereinafter.
When finishing the exploitation in panel 12, the longwell in panel 20, shortwall or Pillar Recovery exploitation begin shown in Fig. 3 and 4 respectively like that.More specifically referring to Fig. 3, longwall machinery 30 and miner are by roof timbering 32,33 protections, and this top is equipped with supporting and is designed to bear great overload pressure.Before longwell or other recovery process machinery 30, the material that contains mineral (for example coal, potash (potash), trona (trona) or other synusia shape sedimentary ore bodies) is come out from the depositional plane digging by other equipment that coal plough (plough), shearer (shearer), continuous miner (continuous miner) or other are used for going out from original position state 34 fragmentations of mineral mineral, and be loaded onto face region material induction system (not shown), be used to be sent to main induction system 36, this system is transported to ground with material again.When passing the panel and carry out manufacturing process, roof timbering 32,33 or other pillars by mechanization are realized roof control (roof control) at the face place, and make use, the face conveyer advances in the coal seam along the direction of extraction shown in the arrow 19, form hollow space at roof timbering or other pillars 32,33 rears, to form so-called goaf 38.Be used the place, the roof timbering 32,33 of mechanization not only advances along direction of extraction, and can extend as known in the art, and supporting 32 is shown as and is in the state that extended and supporting 33 and is shown as and is in retracted state.
Referring now to Fig. 4,, also by roof timbering 42,43 protections, this roof timbering is designed to bear great overload pressure for shortwall machinery 40 and miner.Unlike being parallel to the longwell Mars Miner that its face digs the pick coal seam, the shortwall Mars Miner digging of shortwall machinery 40 44 (they are about 10 to 12 feet wide) dig pick and drop to material on the induction system (not shown) or on the movable shuttle car along the direction that is basically parallel to the coal seam face, be used to be sent to main induction system 46, the defeated induction system of this master is sent to ground with material again.When along the face in coal seam from the beginning door 22 to tail-gate 24, along producer shown in the arrow 25 when carrying out continuous digging, the chain-linked conveyer of roof timbering 42,43 and belt armour advances in the coal seam along the direction of extraction shown in the arrow 19, allow overweight load to collapse or be trapped in the rear of roof timbering 42,43, form goaf 48.Roof timbering is advancing along direction of extraction shown in supporting 42a and 42b like that not only, and can extend as known in the art, and supporting 42 is shown as and is in the state of stretching out and supporting 43 is shown as and is in retracted state.
Refer back to Fig. 2, being known that provides seal or partition wall (stopping) to guide better in some door and tail-gate part and controls fresh air and return flowing of air.In many cases, structure seal in the crosscut (cross cut) that links mutually with adjacent tunnel.The admixture of gas of low oxygen content can be used to by displacement or separate oxygen and make the gas deactivation that is formed in the goaf by forming inertia and harmless atmosphere.Alternatively, be used to carry out deactivation such as the so pure gas of nitrogen.
According to principle of the present invention, be used to make the low oxygen content gas mixture of space deactivation also can be used to produce foam, it can be used to be filled in the hollow space that forms or run in the recovery process again, includes but not limited to the space, crosscut.Before structure ventilation control device, particularly seal or partition wall, in the process or afterwards, useful is may form or the air-flow or the penetrant of the hollow space that runs into provide interim or semipermanent stopping at recovery process entering into.Thereby design of the present invention is, provides a kind of at the composition (composition) that can be inflated into foam when mixing such as the such gas of the gas of low oxygen content or nitrogen.Foam can be transferred in any suitable manner, so that can cause foam expansion and be filled in hollow space between the adjacent partition wall, and thus to the existence of any gas with flow barrier is provided.
In addition, when forming in the goaf, what need is to reduce or prevent that gas or admixture of gas from passing the goaf or arrive from the goaf to have the zone of exploiting that the people exists.Thereby, thereby the invention provides a kind of method that foam stops the gas flow increase of flowing through the goaf that in the hollow space in goaf, applies when forming in the goaf.In this, at least one delivery nozzles is fixed to one or more afterbody frame constructions, shroud or the goaf guard shield of conveyer.Each nozzle can be constructed to carry foam compositions, forming " the stifled thing of plug " or to form clad, and form thus to gas flow stop or replace may be by the space of gas or admixture of gas filling.
In example of the present invention, in broadwall operation or short-walling operating process, foam compositions from induction system, shortwall machinery, longwall machinery is transported to the goaf, at this place, goaf, when carrying, foam compositions is impelled to expand and provide from hillock (gob pile) or arrive the gas flow of exploiting the job site by hillock and barrier is provided or stops.Usually, the gas of low oxygen content or mix with foam compositions such as the such inert gas of nitrogen expands to impel composition, to form required foam.In addition, resulting foam should be inertia, fire-retardant and/or incombustible.In this, foam can provide barrier or stops flowing to the methane of goaf near zone from the goaf.Alternatively or side by side, foam can flow to the main ventilation in goaf to gas provide barrier or stop that this can help the efficient of goaf air vent (gob vent boreholes (GVB)).
Referring to Fig. 5, shown implementing the schematic plan of the useful exemplary digger of the present invention.Machine shown in it will be understood by those skilled in the art that only is exemplary, and principle of the present invention can be embodied on any suitable subsurface excavation machine.Therefore, although the present invention will be described in conjunction with machine shown in Figure 5, should be understood that therefore the present invention is not restricted.
Digger 100 can move along digging direction 19.It has two digging rollers (cutting roll) 102,104, with the face in cut (shear) panel 20.Be loaded in conveyer by the mineral under adopting by digger 100 (being called as " digging-loader " sometimes).Conveyer comprises conduit 106, wherein, has armoring chain-linked conveyer to move along the panel face.Digger 100 is suitable for moving along panel face 20.Conduit 106 is subdivided into the separate unit that interconnects but can be relative to each other move along work or digging direction 19.Each conduit unit is connected to supporting unit 110, and (110a-110r is respectively by cylinder body-piston unit (piston that advances (advance piston)) 112.Each supporting unit 110 is used for the purpose of support wall in order.For this reason, use another cylinder body-piston unit (not shown), it props up base plate with respect to top board.At the front end towards the top board in mineral deposit, top board is installed so-called ore faces grasping device (not shown).Grasping device is fin (flap) normally, and it can descended by ore faces the place ahead of digging.The ore faces grasping device must rise before approaching digger 100.Equally, for this purpose, use other unshowned cylinder body-piston unit.These executive components are only described by example, because these machines all are known.Certainly, there is extra executive component, but for understanding the present invention, needn't mentions or describe them.
Usually, mine car defense controls device 114 is related with each supporting 110.Control device 120 can be related or related with mine car defense controls device 114 with one group of supporting 110.Control system 122 comprises data acquiring section, data store and programming portion.
Foam produces equipment 214 and comprises gas supply department 216, so that gas mixes with pump efferent 212, the liquid efferent is expanded and form foam, foam is subsequently by nozzle 218 dischargings.Foam can produce with known method, but for example by stirring frothing solution of the present invention (foamable solution) existing under the situation of gas, and gas is particularly and the inert gas of non-air, as nitrogen.But a kind of equipment that is used for this purpose forces frothing solution to cross restricted passage with high-pressure spray and directs injection of the gas into the solution of this restricted portion downstream.Foam can be ejected on the substrate by nozzle 218 subsequently.
When producing foam, but frothing solution for example passes through the FLOW CONTROL aperture with 400 to the 500psig pumping and with predetermined flow.In liquid control downstream, aperture, gas is injected and mix with liquid stream.This can realize by flowing with the mode using gases aperture control identical with the system liquid side.Two kinds of streams in conjunction with the time, mixture flows through outlet, all flexible pipes that can have in this way or can not have attached distributing nozzle of this outlet.Foam can be guided to hose director and distribute on the zone that will be capped subsequently by manually or automatically (or remotely).Similarly, efferent can be introduced to the multiport house steward who is used to distribute.The house steward of depending on its size and foam flow can be used to manually or (promptly remotely) dispense foam mechanically.
As shown in Figure 5, foam produces equipment 214 can be related with digger 100, and this digger can be the part of short-walling machine, broadwall machine, short-walling machine and the part of broadwall machine.For example, foam produce equipment can with head door, tail-gate or near the machine partial association the two.In addition, foam produce equipment can with afterbody frame construction, shroud, goaf guard shield or other suitable location association, can realize purpose of the present invention.In addition, can see, foam produce equipment 214 can be independent of digger 100 and be portable or can with Pillar Recovery office connection or a part of related with the Pillar Recovery machine so that foam can be supplied near the zone of crosscut seal.
Thus, the present invention further provides a kind of foam that produces by method of the present invention.Formed foam is particularly useful for barrier layer.What expect is that foam of the present invention has following characteristics: the time of staying of foam (dwell time) is grown (slowly) and can prolong (promptly reducing dilution ratio) by increasing concentration very much; The rigidity of foam has the ability on the vertical surface that can cover goaf material or sealing substance, the excellent durability of foam.
Foam can be with any required flow volume delivery, although expectation is to carry foam apace.To this, foam can be with about 100 gallons of per minutes (gpm) to the flow volume delivery between about 1200gpm.In some respects, foam can be to arrive between about 800gpm or about 500gpm arrives between about 700gpm or the flow volume delivery of about 600gpm at about 200gpm to about 1000gpm or about 400gpm.
Foam has the time of staying of a few hours or one day at least or a couple of days or a week or several weeks or one month or several months or 1 year or several years.In other words, the time of staying can have at least about 50 hours, expectation be about 100 hours, suitable be about 200 hours half-life (after this time, have foam initial amount half retain), although also be fine such as 300,400,500,600,700,1000 hours or how such longer time.
In one aspect, the present invention expectation be that in the extraction operation process and carry after the foam, the methane content at the tail-gate place can reduce by weight at least 0.1% by weight.To this, what the present invention expected is at the tail-gate place content of methane to be reduced by weight from about 0.1% amount to about 1% scope.In addition, the present invention is desirably in the tail-gate place content of methane is reduced about 0.2% to 0.8% scope or about 0.3% amount to about 0.6% scope by weight, or the amount of about 0.4% to 0.5% scope.
Many foam compositions be known and expected be that many compositions can be applicable to required application.Usually, foam compositions should be able to be transported to the appointed place, should have enough rigidity and keep its integrality and continuity a period of time, to be used for required function, and should have the desirable long time of staying, so that can cover vertical and non-level surface.Usually, the foam rigidity that should have makes it can keep its integrality a few hours or one day or a couple of days or a week or several weeks or one month or several months or 1 year or several years at least.Also expectation is, foam is biodegradable or avirulent, so that when mine is closed or some other the time---and when barrier no longer needed, foam no longer had the environmental hazard that does not expect to have.Foam compositions can be configured to and comprise the chemical shim (chemical control agents) that is used for such as the such compound of hydrogen sulfide, and this compound may exist in the exploitation course of work or produce.Foam can also so that the mode acid or the alkalescence buffering of any water that may exist prepare.
According to these purposes, the foam compositions of several exemplary will be described below.But, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these compositions only are exemplary and foam compositions can have various compositions, so that foam compositions can be realized above-mentioned purpose.
An example that can be used on the foam compositions in the process of the present invention comprises the foam for preparing with Aquo-composition (aqueous composition), this Aquo-composition comprises with the mol ratio near 1: 1: (A) anion surfactant and (B) carboxylate, R
2COOM
1, R wherein
2For containing the alkyl and the M of 8 to 30 carbon atoms
1Be univalent cation.Anion surfactant can be the sulfate with following formula:
Wherein ,-OR is alkoxyl, alkene oxygen base (alkylenoxy) or the alkaryl oxygen base (alkaryloxy) with 10 to 20 carbon atoms, or alkyl, polyether base (alkyl polyether group)
Wherein, R ' is for having the alkyl of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, R " for H or have alkyl, as H or CH up to 4 carbon atoms
3, and n is 1 to 12, is preferably 3 to 6 integer; And wherein, M is a univalent cation.M can be an ammonium that alkali metal ion, ammonium ion or alkyl replace or that hydroxyalkyl replaces.
When M was alkali metal, it can be sodium, potassium or lithium.When M was the ammonium of alkyl or hydroxyalkyl replacement, it had usually up to 6 and preferably up to 3 carbon atoms.Suitable alkyl comprises group groups such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl.Suitable hydroxyalkyl comprises group groups such as ethoxy, hydroxypropyl.The ammonium group that replaces be in each substituting group, contain 1-3 carbon atom single, two and trialkyl ammonium group and in each substituting group, contain single, the two and three alkanol ammoniums of 2-3 carbon atom.The ammonium that replaces comprises list, two and the triethanol ammonium group.
Typical R ' the structure branch comprises such as such alkyl such as decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, palmityl, octadecyls; Such as such thiazolinyls such as 1-dodecenyl succinic, tetradecene base, 2-hexadecene bases; With such as detergent alkylate, isopropyl naphthalene, cetyl tetraethoxy such alkaryls such as (hexadecyltetraethoxy).
Perhaps, anion surfactant can be the sulfonate with following formula:
Wherein, R
1Be alkyl, thiazolinyl (alkylene) or the alkaryl that contains 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and wherein, M is further aforesaid univalent cation.Typical R
1Substituting group comprises such as such alkyl such as decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, palmityl, octadecyls; Such as such thiazolinyls such as 1-dodecenyl succinic, tetradecene base, 2-hexadecene bases; With such as such alkaryls such as detergent alkylate, isopropyl naphthalenes.
Can be used for sulfosalt surfactant of the present invention and comprise dodecyl potassium sulfonate, 1-dodecenyl succinic sodium sulfonate, neopelex, isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate ammonium etc.What expect is that sulfonate comprises the alpha-alefinically sodium sulfonate, mainly comprises C
12And C
14The mixture of alpha-olefin group.
Can be used for sulfate surfactant of the present invention comprises: alkyl sulfate, such as lauryl sodium sulfate; Alkenyl sulfate is such as 1-dodecenyl succinic potassium sulfate; Alkaryl sulfate is such as detergent alkylate ammonium sulfate; With alkyl, polyether sulfate, as octadecyl tetraethoxy sodium sulphate.Suitable sulfate comprises alkyl, polyether sulfate.Also can use the sulfonate and/or the sulfate of mixing, that is, have mixture or the mixture of sulfate or the mixture of sulfonate and sulfate of the sulfonate of different substituents.
Use for some, be to use ideally to have to contain heteroatomic group as R or substituent sulfonate of R ' and/or sulfate.Except carbon and hydrogen atom, oxygen can exist with the form of carboxyl, ester group or ether.Anion surfactant may reside in the composition of the present invention, and based on the gross dry weight amount of composition, concentration range is about 10-30%, and is generally about 15-25%.
The foam for preparing is like that as described compared with common resistance aqueous foam has the long life-span, and presents the such rigidity of similar cotton candy.Thus, foam can be applied to surface irregular, coarse or that tilt, and they can keep its integrality and continuity there.
According to one in two key components of the employed foam compositions in aspect of the inventive method be cation surface activating sulfate or sulfonate, it has as mentioned above the chemical formula separately with definition.R, R ' and R
1It is the relatively large group that contains 10 to 20 carbon atoms.For R, R ' and R
1, the example of alkyl is dodecyl, myristyl, cetyl and octadecyl.OR and R
1The example of thiazolinyl be C
10-C
16Alhpa olefin.OR and R
1The example of alkaryl be decyl benzene, detergent alkylate and propyl group naphthalene.The example of alkyl, polyether base is
With derive from the obtainable homologue mixture of commerce those, wherein, for example R ' can be C
10And C
12Or C
12And C
14The mixture of alkyl and n can be the various integers in described scope.Preferably-the OR base is alkene oxygen base (alhpa olefin that particularly contains 10 to 14 carbon atoms) and alkyl benzyloxy (wherein alkyl contains 10 to 16 carbon atoms).
For carboxylate, R
2Straight chained alkyl preferably, and can have 8 to 20 carbon atoms.R
2The example of alkyl be nonyl, dodecyl, myristyl, cetyl, octadecyl etc.
M
1Provide water miscible univalent cation, as alkali metal, as sodium, potassium or lithium; The ammonium of ammonium or replacement.Sodium, potassium and ammonium are applicable to M
1
Mixture only prepares by anion surface active sulfate or sulfonate are mixed in water with carboxylate.One or more components can form in position.For example, carboxylate can form in position by adding carboxylic acid and required alkali.Usually may need heating to obtain solution.
The pH of composition should be neutrality or weakly alkaline, and pH is between about 7.5 to about 8.5.Can adopt the combination of sulfonate and sulfate, although can use wherein a kind of usually or another in.
From forming the angle of foam, this be combined in concentration range in the water can be broadly from being low to moderate about 1% weight to up to about 30% weight.But the angle from storing and transporting it is desirable to concentrate, to avoid handling relatively large water.This concentrate can dilute at the place to use water subsequently.When producing foam, the blowing agent A of combination and the concentration of B are preferably about 1% to about 3% weight.
When producing foam, fluid composition can for example arrive the 500psig pumping by foam forming device 214 with 400, such as flowing through the FLOW CONTROL aperture with predetermined flow velocity.In liquid flow control downstream, aperture, gas is injected and is mixed with liquid stream.This can realize by using the aperture to control to flow in the mode the same with the system liquid side.Compressor can produce modulated gas pressure.After two streams combinations, mixture flows through outlet, and this outlet for example is an end that can have or can not have the flexible pipe of attached distributing nozzle.
Foam can be assigned on the zone that will be capped subsequently.Similarly, efferent can be introduced to the multiport house steward who is used to distribute.The flow velocity that depends on its size and foam, this house steward can be used to dispense foam.
The hardness of water that is used for foam made according to the method for the present invention can be influential to the life-span of formed foam.Thereby, can be used for preparing the composition of conc forms or available at the scene hardness of water can have under the situation of adverse influence required foam, water hardness controlling agent can be joined in the composition, be present in water in calcium and/or magnesium combine.The example of suitable hardness controlling agent is an ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, the tripolyphosphate of sodium and potassium and polyacrylate.As is known, can stipulate the amount of used hardness controlling agent by the degree of available concrete hardness of water and the hardness that need reduce.PTPP (potassium tripolyphosphate) is exemplary required hardness controlling agent.
Thickener/dispersing agent can join in the composition that will be converted to foam, and the example of suitable thickener/dispersing agent is polyacrylate, as the Rohm ﹠amp that sells as thickener/dispersing agent; The Acrysol ICS-1 of HaasCompany and Acrysol A-3.
Another example that can be used to prepare the composition of foam compositions in the present invention can comprise keratin, modified starch, ferrous ion component and the dispersing agent through hydrolysis.
The protein component of composition can comprise the keratin through hydrolysis.Keratin through hydrolysis can be dry, for example can obtain from Industria Suma Ltda. (Brazil), or the solution that obtains from other sources, for example Croda Kerr (England), Angus Fire (Canada), National Foam (U.S.).The keratin that is used in the composition can obtain from hoof and the angle of animal.Although also can determine and use the source of other suitable protein easily.
Composition also can contain starch, as is modified and has become to remove the starch of its anion characteristic.Starch is not expected to use under its natural anion state, because its meeting is as described below by reacting the instability that causes composition, foam with other components (the particularly ferrous component of cation), causes not satisfied foam to produce and performance.
Modified starch characteristics of the present invention are to use known procedure to carry out hydroxyalkylation.This process has the effect of removing the starch anion characteristic.The starch of suitable hydroxyalkylation can obtain from commercial source easily, for example National Starch (Instant Pure-Flo F) or Cerestar (Instant Gelex).In one embodiment, starch is by hydroxypropylation.
And the desirable characteristics of starch of the present invention are the amylopectin contents that have above amylose content, and promptly amylopectin content is at least about 75%.Be that this starch contains 90% to about 100% the amylopectin of having an appointment, and most desirably is the amylopectin at least about 99% ideally.The starch that contains suitable amylopectin content can obtain from waxy corn (waxy maize) or wax kind Chinese sorghum (waxy sorghum), obtains from commercial source, for example National Starch; Chemical or Cerestar.And the mixture (it can provide the starch with suitable amylopectin content) of one or more starch that obtain from these or other source can be used in the present invention.For convenience, ideally that starch is pregelatinized, avoid high temperature, high pressure and boiling (cooking), so that obtain gelatine or solubility.
Mixture of the present invention can also contain the ferrous ion component.Ferrous ion can be ferrous sulfate (FeSO
4) form.Ferrous sulfate can obtain from commercial source, and green vitriol (FeSO preferably
47H
2O) form.Can replace using the source of other ferrous ions or ferrous sulfate if desired.
Randomly, can add dispersing agent, with the decentralization of enhancing ingredients.This dispersing agent is known for a person skilled in the art and is not restriction of the present invention.The example of suitable dispersing agent comprises sodium lignin sulfonate (sodium lignosulfonate) and ammonium lignosulphonate (ammoniumlignosulfonate), they are commercial obtainable, for example sodium lignin sulfonate (can obtain so that Maraperse N-22 is commercial from LignotechUSA Inc.).Perhaps, can select dry dispersing agent easily.
If desired, can add odorant, to cover the smell relevant with the protein that in mixture, uses.An example of odorant is a Chinese cassia tree, and it can be the form that is dispersed in the cinnamon oil on the solid matrix of polymeric beads (polymericbead) for example.This odorant for example can obtain from the Horizon Chemical in the Niu Huake city of Delaware, USA (coding #2620).Those skilled in the art can determine and replace other suitable odorants that use can not influence foaming properties easily.
Composition also can contain a certain amount of pH modifier, but it is enough to provide and has pH between about 6.25 to about 7 and be preferably about 6.5 concentrate frothing solution and foam.As other compositions as herein described, those skilled in the art can select suitable pH modifier easily, can join said mixture with the form of drying, but or join in aqueous concentrates as herein described or the frothing solution with liquid form.Suitable pH modifier is ammonium hydroxide.
Randomly, can add biocide, to prevent because the mixture that causes of bacterium or the decomposition of concentrate.Can use any biocide, as Kathon (Rohm and Haas, Co.), Nipacide BK, Nipacide BCP or Nipacid MX (Nipa Laboratories).Those skilled in the art can determine and adjust the appropriate amount of biocide easily.
Under the situation of needs, the flow feature of foam can change by adding foam booster in a small amount, and this foam booster allows some foam applications more smooth and easy and more effective, and can not lose ageing properties (aging performance).Suitable foam accelerator is known and those skilled in the art can select easily.For example, modifier can comprise glycol ether, and many glycol ethers are known to those skilled in the art and its example is diglycol monotertiary butyl ether (diethyleneglycolmonobutylether).
In one aspect, the invention provides a kind of drying composite, it can be used to produce concentrate of the present invention when dilution.Perhaps, drying composite of the present invention can be diluted and be directly used in and produces foam of the present invention.Owing to this drying composite of many reasons is advantageous.For example, compare this drying composite with rarer composition and allow to reduce memory space and cost of transportation.
Drying composite of the present invention comprises said components.Suitably, the keratic amount of hydrolysis is that about 15% of mixture arrives about 20% weight, and more desirably is about 19% weight.The amount of modified starch is about 25% to about 50% weight, and is more preferably about 30% weight.The amount of ferrous ion component is about 6% to about 8% weight.Those skilled in the art can be on demand easily, adjust these percentage according to the source of ferrous ion.For example, when the source when the green vitriol, its amount can be for about 30% to about 40% weight, more preferably from about 37% weight.The amount of the dispersing agent that usually, exists in drying composite is about 10% to about 15% weight.But the amount of dispersing agent can easily be adjusted according to selected one or more compounds.For example, be under the situation of ammonium lignosulphonate or sodium lignin sulfonate at dispersing agent, preferably there is the dispersing agent of about 12% weight.
The above-mentioned optional member that is used for being included in the appropriate amount of drying composite of the present invention can easily be determined by those skilled in the art.Perhaps, one or more in these optional members, for example glycol ether can add when the dilution drying composite on demand.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of aqueous concentrates, but it forms the frothing solution that can be used for forming foam of the present invention when dilute with water.As protecting colloid (colloid), it helps in transportation and storage process even protects the ferrous ion component not oxidized being exposed to atmosphere following time the modified starch component when being used in aqueous concentrates of the present invention.Thus, concentrate of the present invention is stable and can adapts to transportation and storage with moisture form well.
Concentrate of the present invention contains 2% keratin to the hydrolysis of about 8% weight of having an appointment by minimum, about 1% modified starch as herein described to about 7.5% weight, about 1% ferrous ion and about 1% dispersing agent and water to about 10% weight to about 4% weight.Those skilled in the art can easily adjust these percentage according to the source of this component.The ferrous ion component is a ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and the amount of its existence is about 5% to about 20% weight.This concentrate further contains the pH modifier of q.s, adjusts to about 6.5 to about 7.0 with the pH with concentrate, and contains other aforesaid required optional components.
For example, in the time of in being present in concentrate, the amount that odorant exists is up to about 1% weight of concentrate, and the amount that biocide exists is that about 0.1% of concentrate arrives about 1% weight.Usually, in the time of in being present in concentrate, the amount that any foam booster of use exists is up to about 2% weight, and most preferably from about 0.75% to about 2% weight.Those skilled in the art can easily adjust this tittle on demand.
But in order to prepare frothing solution, drying composite or aqueous concentrates are diluted by the water of appropriate amount.When needed, the preparation of drying composite or concentrate can be used to produce the dilution situation that foam of the present invention carries out according to the client and adjusts.Usually, the ratio of the concentrate of 1 part of weight is diluted concentrate of the present invention with the water of 3 to 10 parts of weight, but obtaining frothing solution, but should have about 1% to about 5% weight by frothing solution, and preferred about 2% activity concentration to about 4% weight.Under the situation that has provided described scope and guidance, those skilled in the art can prepare other required concentrate and dilutions easily.
In one embodiment, 1 part of concentrate is diluted concentrate of the present invention, but form frothing solution of the present invention with about 6.5 parts of water.In another embodiment, with about 3.75 parts of water 1 part of concentrate is diluted concentrate same as described above.
Another example of available composition in the present invention is the mixture in water, and it comprises (A) sodium sulfonate, and it has following general formula:
Wherein, R is alkyl, thiazolinyl or the alkaryl that contains 10 to 20 carbon atoms; (B) carboxylic acid R
1COOH, wherein R
1For containing the alkyl of 8 to 30 carbon atoms; (C) potassium hydroxide; (D) potassium silicate, making C add D is enough to neutralize fully basically to the ratio of B, forming the sylvite of B, and B B that the ratio of A is provided to the mol ratio of A greater than 1: 1 and up to about 2: 1; (E) non-ionic, solid, organic, water miscible material is as sucrose or urea; And (F) hydroxylic solvent, be used for the sylvite of B.Running under the situation of hard water, can comprise such as the such water modifier of PTPP (potassium tripolyphosphate) (G).
Said composition mixes component (A) in water to (F), therefore in formed composition, the characteristic of certain component may for example disappear by ion-exchange and neutralization.Component A is the sodium sulfonate with formula of regulation.It is a surfactant foaming agent.Preferably, A is the alhpa olefin sodium sulfonate that contains 10 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly mainly contains the mixture of 14 and 16 carbon atoms.
Carboxylic acid (B component) provides soap blowing agent (soap foaming agent) when being neutralized into its sylvite.R is straight chained alkyl, particularly stearic acid and the palmitic acid that contains 8 to 20 carbon atoms.In this mixture, stearic acid to the relative scale of palmitic acid can be about 45% to about 55% weight (the former) than about 55% to about 45% weight (latter), preferably about 50: 50.
In order to form required potassium content, can use two kinds of source: component C, potassium hydroxide and component D, potassium silicate.For example, need silicate so that the precipitation of carboxylate minimizes.But, if potassium silicate be used as in and the source of potassium ion, the precipitation of composition silicate then can take place.As mentioned above, C adds D the ratio of carboxylic acid (B) is enough to neutralize fully basically, to form the sylvite of B.But C to the ratio of D can be: about potash of 50% to 90% (potassium base) is provided and is provided about potash of 50% to 10% by potassium silicate (D) by potassium hydroxide (C).Preferred mol ratio be 4 moles of potash from potassium hydroxide (C) to 1 mole of potash from potassium silicate (D).
Do not upset the ionic equilibrium of composition in order to strengthen the rigidity of the foam that forms, can add solid, non-ionic water-soluble substances, such as sucrose or urea (component E) by the increase solid content.In view of the physical property and the foam rigidity of the time of staying, concentrate, sucrose is preferred.
The viscosity of concentrate is 200-300cps in the time of 30 ℃ preferably, so that it can easily be handled in a large amount of storage/dilution systems.Therefore, comprise component F, be used for the solvent of the sylvite of carboxylic acid (B).It is hydroxylic solvent normally, as methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycol ether etc.In these materials, glycol ether is preferred, particularly ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGMBE) and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and the latter particularly.
The hardness of water that is used to make composition (concentrate and dilute form) can be influential to the duration and the quality of formation foam.In order to adapt to water, can comprise hardness control reagent (component G) from the different hardness in the available source of difference.It can use such as ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid) or the such hardness controlling agent of potassium phosphate, but a kind of known dispersing agent PTPP (potassium tripolyphosphate) is preferred, because can improve the physical characteristic of concentrate.In the preparation of concentrate, hardness controlling agent (G) preferably adds in the water afterwards immediately at interpolation alhpa olefin sodium sulfonate (A).
The proportionate relationship of specific components has been carried out as above setting forth.Usually, based on anhydrous and based on component A to the combination weight of F and according to percentage by weight, for: be about 15% to about 20% (A), be preferably about 18-19%; (B) be about 25% to about 35%, be preferably about 30-32%; (C) be about 2% to about 8%, be preferably about 5-6%; (D) be about 2% to about 5%, be preferably about 3-4%; (E) be about 15% to about 30%, be preferably about 23-24%; Be about 10% to about 15% (F), be preferably about 13-14%.
In preferred concentrate,, also can comprise about 3% to 7%, the preferred PTPP (potassium tripolyphosphate) of about 5-6% (G) based on the combination weight of component A-G.
Also to setting forth as the preparation of compositions that usually produces the concentrate of foam at the place to use dilute with water.Based on anhydrous, based on the gross weight of concentrate, the component A that this concentrate has can be for about 10% arriving about 40%, preferred about 23% to 31% by weight to the concentration of F.In order to produce foam, this concentrate can dilute to about 9 volume water with about 7 by every volume concentrate, serves as the concentration of basis about 1% to about 6%, preferred about component A of 3% to 4% to F to provide with anhydrous, based on the gross weight of diluted composition.
By stirring under the situation about existing, produce foam from dilute compositions at gas (preferably inert gas and non-air, for example above-mentioned nitrogen).
Another example of the foam compositions that can use with this method is thixotropic (thixotropic) composition, and it comprises based on the surfactant of anionic sulphonate or sulfate, aliphatic acid, thixotropic thickner, acrylate copolymer and alkali.The optional water softener that contains of said composition.
Anion surfactant is aforesaid alkylsulfonate and sulfate, AOS and sulfate, alkylaryl sulfonate and sulfate and alkyl, polyether sulfonate and sulfate.Aliphatic acid is the aliphatic acid with 14 to 18 carbon atoms.Thixotropic thickner is to comprise those of acrylic acid-alkoxylate methacrylate, and alkali is alkanolamine.
Fatty acid component and combinations-of surfactants are used to provide foaming activity (foaming activity).Aliphatic acid can comprise having the about 8 any aliphatic acid to about 30 carbon atoms.What usually, need is the aliphatic acid with 10-20 carbon atom and preferred 14-18 carbon atom.Usually, expect that typical aliphatic acid used in this invention comprises capric acid, dodecylic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoid acid etc.Preferred aliphatic acid is tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoid acid.The combination of aliphatic acid with the carbon content in above-mentioned scope is also in the present invention available.Particularly preferred aliphatic acid is the octadecanoid acid of class of trade, and it is the mixture of aliphatic acid, and mainly is the mixture of hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoid acid.
Based on the gross dry weight of composition, aliphatic acid is present in the composition of the present invention with at least 5% concentration usually, and amount can be up to 30%.Based on the gross dry weight of composition, fatty acid concentration is preferably about 5 to the scope of about 25 weight %, and most preferably in the scope of about 10-20 weight %.
Have thixotropic thickner, composition is given the ability that produces the thixotropy foam, promptly it can be by pumping easily but the foam that can not flow or subside when static.Usually, can on market, can use in the present invention by obtainable any thixotropic polymerized thing thickener.But preferred thixotropic agent is to contain a large amount of acrylic acid structures and may be dissolved in thixotropic agent in the aqueous based solution.Suitable thixotropic thickner comprises the copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylate.Preferred acrylate copolymer thickener is the copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylate, as the alkoxylate methacrylate.Most preferred thixotropic thickner is the thickener that comprises acrylic acid and ethoxylation methacrylate, and wherein, ester moiety has about 12-20 ethyoxyl and ethyoxyl connects (linkage) by having the alkyl-blocked of 12-20 carbon atom.Acrylic acid units is desirably in 6-10 to the mol ratio of ethoxylation methacrylate unit in these compositions: 1 scope.Commercial obtainable thixotropic thickner with These characteristics is Acrysol
TMICS-1.
Thixotropic thickner is present in the composition of the present invention with higher relatively concentration.Based on the gross dry weight of composition, it accounts at least 5 weight % usually and can account for nearly 25 weight %.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, based on the gross dry weight of composition, thixotropic thickner exists with the concentration of about 10-20 weight % scope.
Composition can comprise acrylate copolymer.Although the function that works of this component and mode can not be understood fully, can see that acrylate copolymer is as processing aid and can make very that the thixotropic thickner of high concentration is incorporated in the preparation, and does not form gel.Preferred acrylate copolymer comprises polyacrylic acid homopolymers and acrylic copolymer (wherein acrylic acid exists as main component).Be suitable for polyacrylic acid used in this invention and have intermediate molecular weight, promptly by weight average technology (weightaverage technique) definite at those of about 30000 to 100000 scopes, and preferred in about scope of 40000 to 70000.The weight average molecular weight that most preferred polyacrylic acid has is in the scope of about 50000-60000.Based on the gross dry weight of composition, acrylate copolymer exists with the concentration of about 5-20 and preferably about 5-15 weight % usually.
The alkali that is present in the composition also can work.Because component of the present invention works in the alkaline pH scope, thus need be add enough alkali with in and acidic components, the i.e. acid function of aliphatic acid, thixotropic thickner and acrylate copolymer.
Alkali can be the alkali of any water soluble, and it can influence the performance of composition sharply.Suitable alkali can be water miscible monatomic base, comprises alkali metal hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, amine and alkanolamine.Available alkali comprises NaOH, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, primary amine, secondary amine and tertiary amine (wherein alkyl has 1-3 carbon atom), an alkanolamine, dioxane hydramine and three alkanolamines (having 2-3 carbon atom in each silane alcohol base).The example of suitable amine comprises methylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine etc.The example of available alkanolamine in the present invention comprises diethanol amine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine etc.The mixture of these compounds is also in the present invention available.Suitable alkali used in this invention is ammonium and low-level chain amine triacontanol, as monoethanolamine, diethanol amine and triethanolamine.For example, suitable alkali comprises triethanolamine and contains the triethanolamine of 75-95 weight % and the mixture of the diethanol amine of 5-25 weight %.
Alkali exists with enough amounts usually, with in and all acid constituents in the preparation and the pH of composition brought up to value at least about 7.5, and preferably bring up to the value of about 8-10.
Being used to dilute foam, to generate the water of concentrate very hard usually, because have calcium salt and magnesium salts.In this case, be in composition, to comprise water softener ideally, with control hardness.Although can use any water softener commonly used, find that Quadrafos is suitable for being used in the composition of the present invention very much.Preferred polyphosphates is alkali metal (alkali) Quadrafos and polyphosphoric acid ammonium salt.Concrete preferred softening agent is a PTPP (potassium tripolyphosphate), because it can work at low temperatures, as when running into when using the situation that cold water operates winter.The amount of water softener depends on the hardness of water that is used to make foam.Softening agent exists with q.s usually, to eliminate hardness of water basically.
When making concentrate, preferably avoid usually in preparation, adding unnecessary a large amount of water, because can increasing, this stores and cost of transportation.In the preparation that concentrates, based on the gross weight of concentrate, the amount that water exists usually is about 40-90%.When the dilution concentrate produced in the application to be used in foam, the water of capacity was added into concentrate, contained the composition that 95 water and about 1 that arrive about 99 weight % of having an appointment arrive the nonaqueous component of about 5 weight % to produce ideal.
Foam-forming composition of the present invention can be prepared to concentrate and mix to be used for use with water.Mixing be by with concentrate and water in the circulating system in conjunction with and impel mixture to realize by pipeline with little cross sectional area with relative high linear velocity.For fear of too early formation foam, mixture from this little cross sectional area discharge of pipes to pipeline with big cross sectional area, thereby before it is reintroduced in the main body water contained in the mixer, reduce its speed.
Foam compositions used in this invention can be any in the porous foam resin of many types.Foamable typical resins comprises styrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyolefin, phenolic resins, silicones, urethane resin and vinyl.Above listed of course not a kind of restriction, and only be exemplary.The description of typical expandable resin can be found from various documents; For example, in the Modern of 1970-1971 Plastics Encyclopedia since the 237th page of this description that above-mentioned resin is arranged.Two kinds of other resinous type being paid close attention to are chlorinated isocyanurates (being described in US Patent No 3,814,659) and carbodiimide (being described in U.S. Patent No. 3,502,722 and No.3,891,578).The foamed resin of perforate and closed pore can use.In view of those skilled in the art's knowledge and a large amount of descriptions in the document, the detailed description of more various types of resins material does not provide in this article.
Above-mentioned every kind of foam compositions can contain hydrogen sulfide cleanser or controlling agent.Cleanser or controlling agent can be based on the compound of iron, all iron ions in this way or ferrous ion and anion ligand coordination, this anion ligand such as polyaminocarboxylic acid, protein foam component such as hydrolysis, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), AEEA tetraacethyl (hydroxyethylethylenediaminetetracacetic acid, HEDTA), diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA) (DTPA) or NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid).Also can use other hydrogen sulfide controlling agents, as nitrogenous base (amine).
Although as above described some foam compositions, it should be understood that existence can be used to carry out other foam compositions of the inventive method.Other suitable foam compositions should be easy to transportation, should have the sufficiently high time of staying (slowly), should have enough rigidity so that foam can cover vertical (with vertical substantially) of goaf material or sealing substance surperficial, should have enough persistence and have enough barriers to bear one section reasonable time of main ambient conditions and to tackle gas flow.
The present invention has also conceived the above-mentioned foam of use and has been used for the blast inhibition.In this case, foam can be transported near the zone of the protection structure, and mine seal thing for example is to provide the damp that the do not expect to have physical separation with the protection structure.Anticipate, foam is set, can reduce at the structural blast load of protection by suppressing blast pressure in this position.
It hereinafter is non-limitative example of the present invention.
Example 1
The crosscut is equipped with the seal of Kennedy plate form, to form about 4000ft
3The hole.Foam compositions according to the present invention forms and is injected in the hole with nitrogen.In underfilling operation and in the foam degenerative process, measure the oxygen level in headroom.When padding began, oxygen content was about 21% as expecting.When hole about 80% had been filled foam, it is about 10% that oxygen content is reduced to, and when the hole was filled, oxygen content was reduced to about 0%.After about 200 hours, about 50% of initial foam volume is still contained in the hole.
Example 2
Below be according to the present invention foam in the application of the research of Tou Menchu.Usually, in the preset time section atmospheric pressure of (for example a day) from minimum and maximum variation, test position its respectively about 08:00 (point in the mornings 8) between the 11:00 (point in the mornings 11) and about 15:00 (point in afternoons 3) arrive generation between about 19:00 (point in afternoons 7).As a result, the amount of methane can reduce usually in the mine, and atmospheric pressure increases, and vice versa.Usually, a certain amount of nitrogen continuously from the beginning door arrive tail-gate, and this a certain amount of nitrogen is relevant to atmospheric pressure to reduce the amount of the amount of oxygen that passes through seal.
When the approaching maximum of atmospheric pressure, when about 09:30, begin to carry foam with separation equipment at Tou Menchu.Locate to measure methane content at ISO (goaf isolation stop part) (tail-gate).Referring to Fig. 6, can see that although barometer begins to reduce, flowing of nitrogen continues, up to about 12:30 when about 10:00.To this moment, ISO sensor methane increases and the correspondingly mobile reduction of nitrogen.Can see that the enough Gao Yineng of flow of nitrogen gas are mobile and mass transport in the domination of ISO sensor place, and can see in HG place foam applications there is not effect.
But, reduce and foam during at 16:00 and about 18:00 after the interpolation in flow of nitrogen gas, can see, the ISO sensor measurement almost is immediately and is independent of cut (shear) position and (is called as guard shield (shield) to methane, at this place, when the point of being drawn during at maximum or minimum position digger (cutters) at one end or the other end) reduce about 0.6%.
Fig. 7 has shown same data, only has been to use the abscissa of expansion.
Example 3
Fig. 8 and 9 compared a day of not applying foam respectively and all applied at head door and tail-gate place foam with one day after.As shown in Figure 6, can see that flow of nitrogen gas stops the level increase of oversize and methane.Can also see that when atmospheric pressure reduces for example when about 18:00, methane level increases, even also increases when not having digging.Fig. 9 shown when beginning during digging, for example between about 12:00 and about 15:30, even when atmospheric pressure reduces, all uses foam at head door and tail-gate place methane level is had significant effect.And, can see that it is constant relatively that methane level keeps, even begin and after foam applications stops in digging, this shows that the time of staying of foam is enough to reduction that gas flow is provided barrier and causes methane level.
Example 4
Referring to Figure 10 and 11, wherein, Figure 11 has identical data, but it has the transverse axis of expansion.Can see and in whole one day, inject nitrogen very in a small amount.Locate to use foam at Tou Men (HG), when about 02:30, begin and about one hour serving as to continue at interval to use up to about 11:30.In addition, (TG) locates to use foam at tail-gate, begins when about 04:30 and about one hour serving as to continue at interval to use up to about 11:30.Can see, when foam be applied to HG and TG the two the time, methane level reduces.What attract people's attention is, in main digging activity, is not having nitrogen, is not using under the situation that foam and atmospheric pressure descend, and methane level keeps lower and is lower than adaptation level (compliance level).This shows, can have beneficial effect by method of the present invention.
Although described the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention has conceived other uses and method with reference to specific embodiment.And in this, consider that from the manual angle other embodiment of the present invention are tangible to those skilled in the art.Therefore, purpose is manual to be thought only be exemplary and the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is used at the mine hollow space gas flow being increased the method that hinders, and comprising:
Carry foam compositions to hollow space one of from the part of the part of the part of shortwall miner, longwall miner, Pillar Recovery machine, shortwall miner, longwall miner and Pillar Recovery machine.
2. the method for claim 1, the nozzle on of one of also comprising in the part of the part of a part by being installed in shortwall miner, longwall miner, Pillar Recovery machine, shortwall miner, longwall miner and Pillar Recovery machine is carried foam.
The method of claim 1, wherein frostproof froth n at least a portion of this hollow space.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, wherein, hollow space is the goaf.
5. method as claimed in claim 3, wherein, the contiguous job site of exploiting of hollow space.
6. the method for claim 1, wherein the gas of low oxygen content is used to make the foam compositions foaming.
7. the gas that the method for claim 1, wherein contains nitrogen is used to make the foam compositions foaming.
8. the method for claim 1, wherein foam compositions is carried from the nozzle that is fixed to guard shield, and in this guard shield and sidewall miner and the longwall miner is related.
9. one kind is used in underground mining operation gas flow being increased the method that hinders, and is included in the hole that the pillar supporting by two vicinities limits and carries foam compositions.
10. underground ore digger, this digger forms the goaf in operating process, this digger comprises at least one nozzle, and foam compositions is discharged near this nozzle zone related with this digger and that be configured to the goaf, and wherein foam compositions provides obstruction to gas flow.
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| US95294607P | 2007-07-31 | 2007-07-31 | |
| US60/952,946 | 2007-07-31 | ||
| PCT/US2008/071788 WO2009018458A1 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2008-07-31 | Use of foam to increase resistance to gas flow in mine applications and apparatus for delivering same |
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| CN101809250A true CN101809250A (en) | 2010-08-18 |
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| CN200880108925A Pending CN101809250A (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2008-07-31 | Use of foam to increase resistance to gas flow in mine applications and apparatus for delivering same |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090033140A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101809250A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2008282110A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0815066A2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112008002078T5 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL390417A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2476677C2 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA99732C2 (en) |
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| CN113294198A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-24 | 太原理工大学 | Soluble slow-release temperature-sensitive inhibitor and preparation method thereof |
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| RU2468206C1 (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2012-11-27 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "Уральский Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Галургии" (Оао "Галургия") | Method for secondary treatment of salt bed |
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2008
- 2008-07-31 RU RU2010107179/03A patent/RU2476677C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-07-31 AU AU2008282110A patent/AU2008282110A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-07-31 DE DE112008002078T patent/DE112008002078T5/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-07-31 UA UAA201002184A patent/UA99732C2/en unknown
- 2008-07-31 BR BRPI0815066A patent/BRPI0815066A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-07-31 US US12/183,774 patent/US20090033140A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-07-31 PL PL390417A patent/PL390417A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-07-31 CN CN200880108925A patent/CN101809250A/en active Pending
- 2008-07-31 WO PCT/US2008/071788 patent/WO2009018458A1/en active Application Filing
-
2010
- 2010-01-20 ZA ZA201000402A patent/ZA201000402B/en unknown
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102061917A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-05-18 | 煤炭科学研究总院太原研究院 | Heading machine-mounted foam dedusting system |
| CN113294198A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-24 | 太原理工大学 | Soluble slow-release temperature-sensitive inhibitor and preparation method thereof |
| CN113294198B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2024-01-23 | 太原理工大学 | Soluble slow-release temperature-sensitive stopping agent and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| UA99732C2 (en) | 2012-09-25 |
| RU2476677C2 (en) | 2013-02-27 |
| WO2009018458A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
| US20090033140A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
| ZA201000402B (en) | 2010-10-27 |
| DE112008002078T5 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
| BRPI0815066A2 (en) | 2017-05-23 |
| AU2008282110A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
| RU2010107179A (en) | 2011-09-10 |
| PL390417A1 (en) | 2010-07-05 |
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Application publication date: 20100818 |