CN101809222B - 用于有孔的天花板元件的吸音非织造织物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种吸音非织造织物，该吸音非织造织物可以无任何问题地进行加工并且在火灾的情况下产生尽可能少的烟。所述目的通过一种用于金属天花板的吸音非织造织物而实现，该吸音非织造织物包括用于一个天花板元件中的一种层片以及还包括一种粘合剂材料。所述层片具有45g/m2的最大的单位面积质量并且包括最大值为30g/m2的一种纤维混合物以及最大值为10g/m2的一种阻燃剂，其中，所述吸音非织造织物具有小于60g/m2的单位面积重量，以及所述粘合剂材料的份额小于15g/m2。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于生产一种吸音非织造织物的层片。
背景技术
在开篇提到的类型的吸音非织造织物以及层片从现有技术中是已经知道的。它们时常用于有孔的(也就是有孔洞的或有缝的)、金属或木材的天花板元件中。
关于它们对火灾行为的反应，此类吸音非织造织物以及天花板元件过去是按照德国标准规范DIN 4102-1通过“Brandschacht”测试炉进行评定。吸音非织造织物将独自地并且在与该天花板元件的组件中进行测试。市场要求天花板元件与吸音非织造织物的组件达到耐火类别中“A2”的类别(“不可燃的”)。要求像这样的吸音非织造织物达到耐火类别“B1”(＝“低可燃的”)。
自2007年7月以来，关于悬挂天花板的证书以及分级的一个修订的、欧盟范围内的法规生效，也就是，一个CE标记的方案。该法规要求天花板元件满足DIN EN 13964中规定的要求，它引用了DIN EN13501-1用于对火灾行为反应的分级。
对火行为的反应不再按照DIN 4102-1(“Brandschacht”)，而是按照DIN EN 13823进行测试。该标准说明了在一个完整的天花板元件构造上的一个单个燃烧物品(SBI)测试并且定义了根据DIN EN13501-1与分级相关的参数。与以前按照DIN 4102-1的对火灾行为的反应的测试不同，按照DIN EN 13823的测试日益集中在一个火灾事件中烟释放的评估。DIN 13501-1对于烟释放的评估应用了比迄今为止更严格的指标。
现有技术的吸音非织造织物是易于相对严重地产生烟并且因此使 之不可能按照DIN 13501-1的修订的要求使天花板元件被分类为“不可燃的”(类别“A2/s1/d0”)。这个类别是特别对具有提高的安全性要求的建筑物、以及建筑物的部分(例如公共建筑物、逃生线路等等)规定的。
另外，吸音非织造织物应该具有高的吸音效能，即，至少0.75的加权吸声系数αw，该加权吸声系数αw是按照EN ISO 354的测量并且按照EN ISO 11654的转换而得到的。
进一步迫切需要的是加工的简易性，更具体地说是节省空间的操作或自动结合在天花板元件中。最后，吸音非织造织物必须对卫生、健康以及环境方面没有不利的影响。
因此，对于可有效地可加工的、与天花板元件组装在一起满足按照DIN EN 13501-1的“A2/s1/d0”类别的吸音非织造织物存在着相当大的市场需求。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种吸音非织造织物，这种吸音非织造织物在无问题的加工之后在一个火灾事件中给出非常小的烟产生量。
我们已经发现该目的是根据本发明通过如下特征而实现的，即，一种用于金属天花板的吸音非织造织物包括用于一个天花板元件中的一种层片以及还包括一种粘合剂材料，该层片具有不大于45g/m2的单位面积重量，该层片包括份额不大于30g/m2的一种纤维共混物以及份额不大于10g/m2的一种阻燃剂，其中，所述吸音非织造织物具有小于60g/m2的单位面积重量，以及所述粘合剂材料的份额小于15g/m2。
一种具有不大于45g/m2的单位面积重量的片状层片包括份额不大于30g/m2的一种纤维共混物以及份额不大于10g/m2的一种阻燃剂。
诸位发明人认识到确切地说是对总单位面积重量的精明选择与阻燃剂的适当减小(这带来了烟产生量的相当大的减小)的组合。本发明的层片一旦在其上已经提供了用于安排在一个金属天花板元件中的 一种粘合剂材料就是特别有用的。其结果是，在开篇提到的问题得到了解决。
这种浸渍混合物可以包括氢磷酸二铵作为一种阻燃剂，因为它是既没有卤素也没有重金属并且因此是环境友好的。然而，还可以想到使用其他的基于氮-磷的阻燃剂，例如多磷酸铵类或含氮的膦酸盐类。
该纤维共混物可以包括纤维的或有原纤维的纤维素组分。这些组分用于调整该层片的吸音效能。在此背景下可以想到使该纤维共混物包括两种不同类型的纤维素纸浆，关于细度这两种纸浆彼此进行调节。然而，还可以想到使用精细研磨的合成纸浆，例如，产生自黏胶纤维、聚烯烃或芳族聚酰胺纤维的合成纸浆。
该纤维共混物可以进一步包括份额不大于10g/m2的玻璃纤维。这个份额的玻璃纤维赋予该层片高的结构稳定性以及低的热收缩率。这使该层片适合于自动结合在天花板元件中。然而，还可以想到使用其他的无机纤维，例如玄武岩或氧化铝的纤维。最后，还可以使用聚酯纤维。
该纤维共混物可以与一种小于5g/m2的份额的基于丙烯酸酯的黏合剂预粘合。预粘合赋予该层片足够的稳定性以便一种浸渍混合物的均匀结合。在此背景下可以想到使预粘合是借助一种低甲醛的丙烯酸酯黏合剂来进行。就该层片的甲醛含量而言，这满足了根据DIN EN13964的要求(甲醛等级“E1”)。还可以想到借助一种单-或双组分的黏合剂纤维，例如与一种未拉伸的聚酯纤维或一种PET/PBT或PET/共聚多酯的双组分黏合剂纤维进行预粘合。
具有小于60g/m2的单位面积重量的一种用于金属天花板的吸音非织造织物可以包括一种在此说明的种类的层片以及份额小于15g/m2的一种粘合剂材料。该粘合剂材料使之有可能通过适度的加热来将该吸音非织造织物固定在一种金属天花板元件中在该过程中不损坏该天花板元件的构成，例如像漆面。在此背景下可以想到使该粘合剂材料由一种具有低于100℃的熔点的热塑的、基本上无定形的聚酯、共聚多酯或共聚酰胺构成。
该吸音非织造织物可以具有至少0.75的加权吸声系数αw，该加权吸声系数αw是按照EN ISO 354的测量并且按照EN ISO 11654的转换而得到的。这样一种吸音非织造织物是一种特别好的吸声材料。
包括在此说明的种类的一个层片或一种吸音非织造织物以及一种未涂漆的有孔的金属天花板元件的一种组件可以在按照DIN EN13823的测量中展示出不大于30m2/s2的SMOGRA值以及不大于50m2的TSP(600s)值。这样一种组件对于防火连同对于隔音是特别有用的。
现在存在不同的方法来以一种有利的方式实施并发展本发明的传授内容。对此请参见从属权利要求并且参见以下借助于图对本发明的阐述。
附图说明
在图中，该单一附图示出了一个线图，该线图将包括一个现有技术的吸音非织造织物的一个天花板元件构造的DIN EN 13823烟产生量与包括一个本发明的吸音非织造织物的一个类似的天花板元件构造的烟产生量进行了比较。
具体实施方式
该单一附图示出了一个图解，其中将包括一个现有技术的吸音非织造织物样品的一个天花板元件构造与包括一个本发明的吸音非织造织物样品的一个天花板元件构造进行了比较。在这方面，可作出以下评论意见：
与现有技术的样品相关的曲线的特征为虚线以及正方形符号。与根据本发明的样品相关的曲线的特征为实线以及圆圈符号。
SPRav曲线以及单个的SPRav(t)值(“烟产生率(Smoke Production Rate)”，左手边y轴，单位是[m2/s])代表在测量时间t时(或在一个不同的时间间隔[t，t-3s]内)这些样品的当前烟产生量。一个SPRav值是烟气体积流(单位是[m3/s])与穿过一个光度计测量装置的管的光 通道的长度(单位为[m])之比，这产生了单位[m2/s]。
TSP曲线以及单个的TSP(t)值(“总的烟产生量(Total Smoke Production)”，右手边y轴，单位是[m2])代表在直到测量时间t时这些样品的总的烟产生量。一个TSP(t)值对应于从测量起始到时间t的时间间隔内的单个SPRav(t)值的总和，并且对应于SPR曲线下的相关联的面积。一个TSP值代表SPRav值的总和(单位是[m2/s])与关联的时间间隔(单位是[s])的乘积，这产生了单位[m2]。
在整个测试长度内从300s到900s的时间窗口内测得的一个样品的SPRav和TSP值被用于评估，该测试长度包括该时间窗口之前以及之后的一段时间。因此，时间轴的刻度是从300s至900s。因此，实际测量的零点相对于整个测试长度是在300s处。
TSP(600s)值(“总的烟产生量”，单位是[m2])代表在测量的第一个600s内样品的总的烟产生量。按照以上涉及时间轴刻度的评述，相对于测试总长度它们对应于TSP曲线上在时间t＝900s处的符号确定的点。
SMOGRA值(“烟增长率指数(SMOke GRowth RAte index)”，单位是[m2/s2])代表样品的SPRav(t)值与相关联的测试时间t的比率的最大值。它们的特征为在一定程度上SPRav的斜率在测量开始时弯曲(“斜三角形”)。SMOGRA值是SPRav(t)值(单位是[m2/s])与相关联的时间t(单位是[s])的比率，并且因此具有单位[m2/s2]。
按照DIN EN 13823，为了测定SMOGRA值，当满足以下指标时，SPRav(t)值与关联的测试时间t的比率应被定义为0：
(a)SPRav(t)值是小于或等于0.1m2/s，或者
(b)相关联的TSP(t)值是小于或等于6m2。
这意味着：只要SPRav曲线不超过0.1m2/s，或者假如它暂时地超过，并且在此时间间隔内的相关联的TSP(t)值不大于6m2，则SPRav(t)值与相关联的测试时间t的所有比率均应该被认为是0并且因此该SMOGRA值也应该被认为按照定义是0。
然而，对于有待合理地或比较性地评估的低烟的样品，确定了 SMOGRA值而忽视指标(a)。
为了能够专门地评估吸音非织造织物样品对烟产生量的影响，总体上是对由不含涂料或其他烟相关的组分的有孔的钢板形成的天花板元件的构造按照DIN EN 13823来进行测量。这是旨在消除由于该天花板元件的其他组分(例如像一个涂料层)造成的破坏性影响。
相对于烟行为，DIN EN 13501-1规定，作为确定“烟等级”(s1、s2或s3)的参数，决定性的是SMOGRA值以及TSP(600s)。为了达到开篇时提到的“不可燃的”类别“A2/s1/d0”(该类别包括“烟类别”s1并因此对烟行为强加了最高的要求)，应该监测上述烟相关参数的以下限值：小于或等于30m2/s2的SMOGRA值以及小于或等于50m2的TSP(600s)。
对在此说明的类型的天花板元件构造的测量证明，代表现有技术的吸音非织造织物的一个样品给出了大约30m2/s2的SMOGRA值以及大约40m2的TSP(600s)值。这是由该单一附图的图解示出。
与之相比，代表本发明的吸音非织造织物的一个样品仅给出了大约15m2/s2的SMOGRA值以及大约30m2的TSP(600s)值，即，近似减小50％的SMOGRA值以及近似减小25％的TSP(600s)值。
不含吸音非织造织物但具有一个涂层的相似的天花板元件构造上的参照测量显示，对于一个第一近似值，商业上普通的涂料对SMOGRA值作出了附加贡献最好为大约10m2/s2、典型地大约15至20m2/s2，并且对TSP(600s)值作出了贡献最好为大约15m2、典型地大约20至30m2。
因此带有涂料的可商购的天花板元件构造以及按照现有技术的一种吸音非织造织物给出了最好为大约40m2/s2的SMOGRA值以及最好为大约55m2/s2的TSP(600s)值。这些高的值妨碍了根据DIN EN13501-1的一个“不可燃的”类别“A2/s1/d0”。
相比之下，具有本发明的一种吸音非织造织物并且具有该涂料的最佳实施的天花板元件构造给出了仅仅大约25m2/s2的SMOGRA值以及仅仅大约45m2/s2的TSP(600s)值。这些值允许根据DIN EN 13501-1的一个“不可燃的”类别“A2/s1/d0”。
代表现有技术的实例：
一种代表现有技术的吸音非织造织物由一个层片以及一种粘合剂材料构成。其单位面积重量总共是63g/m2。其中，层片占48g/m2并且粘合剂材料占15g/m2。
该层片包括一种纤维共混物，该纤维共混物由纤维素纸浆的纤维以及玻璃纤维组成。该纤维共混物总共为该层片单位面积重量贡献25g/m2。
该层片进一步包括具有4g/m2单位面积重量贡献的丙烯酸酯粘合剂的纤维预粘合。
该层片另外包括一种浸渍混合物，该混合物包括单位面积重量贡献占14.5g/m2的一种阻燃剂。该浸渍混合物进一步包括着色剂级别的碳黑还以及一种乙基乙烯醇黏合剂，它们一起作出了4.5g/m2的单位面积重量贡献。
该粘合剂材料由ε-聚己酸内酯构成。
代表本发明的实施方案：
一种代表本发明的吸音非织造织物由一个层片以及一种粘合剂材料构成。其单位面积重量总共是54g/m2。其中，该层片占42g/m2并且该粘合剂材料占12g/m2。
该层片包括一种纤维共混物，该纤维共混物由纤维素纸浆以及玻璃纤维两种类型的纤维组成。该纤维共混物总共为该层片单位面积重量贡献26g/m2。该纤维素纸浆纤维为该层片的单位面积重量贡献20g/m2，玻璃纤维贡献6g/m2。
该层片进一步包括具有4g/m2单位面积重量贡献的丙烯酸酯粘合剂的纤维预粘合。
该层片另外包括一种浸渍混合物，该混合物包括单位面积重量贡献占7.5g/m2的一种阻燃剂。该浸渍混合物进一步包括着色剂级别的碳黑以及乙基乙烯醇黏合剂，它们一起作出了4.5g/m2的单位面积重量贡献。
所选择的粘合剂材料是ε-聚己酸内酯。
关于本发明的传授内容的进一步有利的实施方式和发展，参见本说明的概括部分并参见权利要求书。
最后可以特别强调，此前纯粹是任意选择的实施方案仅仅起到讨论本发明的传授内容的作用，而并不将其限制于这个实施方案。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于金属天花板的吸音非织造织物，包括用于一个天花板元件中的一种层片以及还包括一种粘合剂材料，该层片具有不大于45g/m2的单位面积重量，该层片包括份额不大于30g/m2的一种纤维共混物以及份额不大于10g/m2的一种阻燃剂，其特征在于，所述吸音非织造织物具有小于60g/m2的单位面积重量，以及所述粘合剂材料的份额小于15g/m2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸音非织造织物，其特征在于，该阻燃剂由磷酸氢二铵构成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸音非织造织物，其特征在于，该纤维共混物包括纤维素纤维。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸音非织造织物，其特征在于，该纤维共混物包括两种不同类型的纤维素纸浆的纤维。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸音非织造织物，其特征在于，该纤维共混物包括份额不大于10g/m2的玻璃纤维。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸音非织造织物，其特征在于，所述层片包括一种基于丙烯酸酯的粘合剂，该粘合剂以小于5g/m2的份额存在。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸音非织造织物，其特征在于一个至少0.75的加权的吸声系数αw，该加权吸声系数αw是由按照EN ISO354的测量并且按照EN ISO 11654的转换而得到的。
8.一种组件，该组件包括根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的一种吸音非织造织物，以及一个未涂漆的、有孔的金属天花板元件，并且该组件在按照DIN EN 13823的一个测量中显示出不大于30m2/s2的一个“烟增长率指数”值以及不大于50m2的一个“在从测量起始到600s的时间间隔内的总的烟产生量”值。
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| PCT/EP2008/003759 WO2009039900A1 (de) | 2007-09-19 | 2008-05-09 | Akustikvliesstoff für perforierte deckenelemente |
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| CN107407097B (zh) | 2014-12-08 | 2020-11-13 | 泽菲罗斯公司 | 垂直铺网纤维地板 |
| CN107406043B (zh) | 2015-01-12 | 2022-02-22 | 泽菲罗斯公司 | 声学地板垫层系统 |
| EP3247556B1 (en) | 2015-01-20 | 2023-08-02 | Zephyros Inc. | Sound absorption materials based on nonwovens |
| CN107667008A (zh) | 2015-05-20 | 2018-02-06 | 泽菲罗斯公司 | 多阻抗复合材料 |
| CN105525440A (zh) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-04-27 | 芜湖环瑞汽车内饰件有限公司 | 一种阻燃吸音棉及其制备方法 |
| DE102018120713A1 (de) | 2018-08-24 | 2020-02-27 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Wärmetransportmaterial mit guten Schallabsorptionseigenschaften |
| KR102597641B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-11-06 | 주식회사 젠픽스 | 흡음용 불연 천장재 및 그 제조 방법 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| BRPI0816874A2 (pt) | 2015-03-17 |
| RU2010115335A (ru) | 2011-12-10 |
| RU2447240C2 (ru) | 2012-04-10 |
| DE102007044906A1 (de) | 2009-04-09 |
| EP2191058B1 (de) | 2011-12-21 |
| DK2191058T3 (da) | 2012-02-27 |
| ES2376506T3 (es) | 2012-03-14 |
| EP2191058A1 (de) | 2010-06-02 |
| CN101809222A (zh) | 2010-08-18 |
| WO2009039900A1 (de) | 2009-04-02 |
| ATE538239T1 (de) | 2012-01-15 |
| US20100304109A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
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