CN101803615A - 一种果蝇的缓释型引诱剂及用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种果蝇的缓释型引诱剂及用途，属于害虫防治领域。其主要组分按重量百分比计：碳水化合物1-20％，蛋白质来源物5-40％，植物化感物质0.5-20％，毒性组分0.01-10％，乳化剂0.5-5％，水分调节剂1-15％，防腐剂0.1-5％，将上述各组分加水至百分之百后充分搅拌均匀，得到一种半固体膏剂的缓释型引诱剂，用于防治果蝇用途。本发明的缓释型引诱剂为半固体膏剂存在，可以直接涂抹于诱瓶内也可以兑水局部喷雾，使用极其方便，并且具有雌雄双诱、引诱效果好、持效期长、对作物安全的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于害虫防治领域，具体涉及一种果蝇的缓释型引诱剂及用途。
背景技术
果蝇类害虫属于双翅目(Diptera)、果蝇科(Drosophilidae)，世界性分布，迄今为止已知约2500余种，分隶于横眼果蝇亚科与果蝇亚科的57属；中国迄今有记录者计17属180余种，以黑腹果蝇，拟果蝇、高桥氏果蝇、伊米果蝇等较为常见，广泛分布于全国各个地区。
果蝇成虫靠吸食植物汁液为生，而最具破坏性的是其幼虫。雌性成年果蝇在水果和蔬菜表皮钻洞并产卵，卵孵化后，其幼虫以果肉为食迅速成长。不久，被其摧残的果实跌落地面，幼虫从果实内爬出，并钻入地下度过它们的成长期。果蝇几乎能侵害所有的蔬菜水果，如苹果、桃子、梨、芒果、杨梅、荔枝、石榴、草莓、葡萄、柑橘类、枇杷、辣椒、各种蔬菜、食用菌等经济作物，受害果实凸凹不平，果汁外溢和落果，使产量下降，品质变劣，影响鲜销、贮藏、加工及商品价格，从而造成严重的经济损失。
目前国内用来防治果蝇方法主要有：一、化学防治，由于果蝇的幼虫一般都在果实内，再加上成虫飞翔活动能力强、繁殖力强、容易产生抗药性等因素，化学农药防治必须加大剂量或提高浓度，存在严重的环境和食品安全隐患，同时整株成片喷雾时劳动强度大，防治效果也不理想。二、人工果实套袋，这种方法不仅影响果实的品质，而且占用大量的劳动力，成本较高。三、糖醋酒混合物，加上一定量的毒物，装在引诱瓶里诱杀，这种方法的问题在于引诱效果不够理想，持效期不长，达不到控制危害的防治目的。因此，急需一种引诱效果强烈、持效期长的诱剂，同时满足高效防治果蝇及环境友好的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述现有技术存在的问题及缺点，提供一种果蝇的缓释型引诱剂及用途，本发明在田间应用中具有使用方便、雌雄双诱、引诱效果好、持效期长、对作物安全的优点。
本发明的技术方案为：
一种果蝇的缓释型引诱剂，其主要组分按重量百分比计：碳水化合物1-20％，蛋白质来源物5-40％，
0.1-10％，毒性组分0.01-10％，乳化剂0.5-5％，水分调节剂1-15％，防腐剂0.1-5％，将上述各组分加水至百分之百后充分搅拌均匀，得到一种半固体膏剂的缓释型引诱剂。
所述碳水化合物为葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、蔗糖或乳糖。
所述蛋白质来源物为酵母粉、酵母浸膏、玉米浆粉、牛肉膏或蛋白胨。
所述植物化感物质为苯乙醛、醋酸铵、苯乙酸、苯乙酸乙酯和乙酸乙酯的一种或者几种。
所述毒性组分为敌百虫、毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯、阿维菌素或甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐。
所述乳化剂为苯乙基苯酚甲醛树酯聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚或苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯，或吐温系列中的一种。
所述水分调节剂为黄原胶、甘油、木糖醇或甘露糖醇。
所述的防腐剂采用常规的苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾、脱氢乙酸钠、双乙酸钠或乳酸钠。
所述的缓释型引诱剂用于防治果蝇。
本发明的缓释型引诱剂为半固体膏剂存在，可以直接涂抹于诱瓶内也可以兑水局部喷雾，使用极其方便，并且具有雌雄双诱、引诱效果好、持效期长、对作物安全的特点。
具体实施方式
通过实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，实施例不应该当作对本发明的限制。
实施例1：一种果蝇的缓释型引诱剂，按重量百分比计，蔗糖20％、酵母浸膏5％、苯乙醛10％、毒死蜱8％、黄原胶15％、苯乙基苯酚甲醛树酯聚氧乙烯醚5％、苯甲酸钠0.1％，加水至100％，充分搅拌均匀，得到半固体膏剂的缓释型引诱剂，用灌装机包装得成品。
实施例2：一种果蝇的缓释型引诱剂，按重量百分比计，葡萄糖15％、酵母粉40％、醋酸铵10％、敌百虫10％、甘油4％、吐温-20(化学名称聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇脂肪酸酮)2％、山梨酸钾0.5％，加水至100％，充分搅拌均匀，得到半固体膏剂的缓释型引诱剂，用灌装机包装得成品。
实施例3：一种果蝇的缓释型引诱剂，按重量百分比计，果糖10％、玉米浆粉10％、苯乙酸10％、氯氰菊酯5％、木糖醇8％、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚0.5％、脱氢乙酸钠5％，加水至100％，充分搅拌均匀，得到半固体膏剂的缓释型引诱剂，用灌装机包装得成品。
实施例4：一种果蝇的缓释型引诱剂，按重量百分比计，半乳糖4％、牛肉膏20％、苯乙酸乙酯1％、阿维菌素1％、甘露糖醇1％、苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯1％、双乙酸钠3％，加水至100％，充分搅拌均匀，得到半固体膏剂的缓释型引诱剂，用灌装机包装得成品。
实施例5：一种果蝇的缓释型引诱剂，按重量百分比计，乳糖1％、蛋白胨8％、乙酸乙酯0.2％、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐0.01％、黄原胶15％、吐温-60(化学名称聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇脂肪酸酮)3％、乳酸钠2％，加水至100％，充分搅拌均匀，得到半固体膏剂的缓释型引诱剂，用灌装机包装得成品。
用本实施例3做成一种果蝇的缓释型引诱剂，在田间与常用的液体引诱剂糖醋酒液诱虫对比，结果见表1：
表1本发明所得的引诱剂与常规引诱剂的田间诱虫效果对比
由表1可知，本发明所得的缓释型引诱剂对果蝇成虫的引诱效果明显，并且持效期长。
Claims (8)
1.一种果蝇的缓释型引诱剂，其主要组分按重量百分比计：碳水化合物1-20％，蛋白质来源物5-40％，植物化感物质0.5-20％，毒性组分0.01-10％，乳化剂0.5-5％，水分调节剂1-15％，防腐剂0.1-5％，将上述各组分加水至百分之百后充分搅拌均匀，得到一种半固体膏剂的缓释型引诱剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的缓释型引诱剂，其特征在于：所述碳水化合物为葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、蔗糖或乳糖。
3.根据权利要求1所述的缓释型引诱剂，其特征在于：所述蛋白质来源物为酵母粉、酵母浸膏、玉米浆粉、牛肉膏或蛋白胨。
4.根据权利要求1所述的缓释型引诱剂，其特征在于：所述水果提取物为苯乙醛、醋酸铵、苯乙酸、苯乙酸乙酯或乙酸乙酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的缓释型引诱剂，其特征在于：所述毒性组分为敌百虫、毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯、阿维菌素或甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐。
6.根据权利要求1所述的缓释型引诱剂，其特征在于：所述乳化剂为苯乙基苯酚甲醛树酯聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚或苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯，或吐温系列中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的缓释型引诱剂，其特征在于：所述水分调节剂为黄原胶、甘油、木糖醇或甘露糖醇。
8.根据权利要求1-7之一所述的缓释型引诱剂用于防治果蝇。
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