CN101799160B - 用于燃烧器的稀释剂罩 - Google Patents

用于燃烧器的稀释剂罩 Download PDF

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CN101799160B
CN101799160B CN200910221214.0A CN200910221214A CN101799160B CN 101799160 B CN101799160 B CN 101799160B CN 200910221214 A CN200910221214 A CN 200910221214A CN 101799160 B CN101799160 B CN 101799160B
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diluent
fuel
fuel nozzle
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mixing chamber
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CN101799160A (zh
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J·D·贝里
J·J·利平斯基
G·A·西蒙斯
A·索姆
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于燃烧器的稀释剂罩。公开了一种燃烧器，其包括具有至少一个挡板通孔的挡板和延伸穿过该至少一个挡板通孔的至少一个燃料喷嘴。至少一个稀释剂罩固定到该至少一个挡板上并构造成引导稀释剂流朝向至少一个燃料喷嘴的混合室。另外，还公开了一种用于将稀释剂流引入燃料喷嘴的混合室的方法，其包括：促使稀释剂流从腔室通过挡板与燃料喷嘴的外表面之间的挡板间隙。经由自挡板延伸的至少一个稀释剂罩而引导稀释剂流朝向延伸穿过燃料喷嘴末端的多个空气旋流孔。稀释剂流流过该多个空气旋流孔而进入混合室。

Description

用于燃烧器的稀释剂罩
技术领域
本发明大体而言涉及燃烧器。更特定而言，本发明涉及将稀释剂流引入到燃烧器中。
背景技术
燃烧器通常包括将燃料或燃料与空气的混合物引入到燃烧室(燃料或燃料与空气的混合物在其中点燃)中的一个或多个燃料喷嘴。在一些燃烧器中，燃料喷嘴延伸穿过设置在燃烧器的挡板中的孔。在这些燃烧器中，常常有利的是将一定体积的稀释剂，常常为氮气或蒸汽，引入到燃烧器以减小NOx和/或CO排放和/或增大燃烧器的输出。促使稀释剂自隔室起通过挡板与各个燃料喷嘴之间的间隙，然后沿着燃料喷嘴的外围流动，此处稀释剂的一部分进入多个空气旋流孔并与空气混合，且被引入到燃料喷嘴内。但是，在一些情况下，稀释剂(例如)由靠近中心毂的低压力区域远离该多个空气旋流孔朝向燃烧器的中心毂抽吸。当朝向中心毂抽吸稀释剂时，稀释剂效果减弱且可在燃烧器中造成可操作性问题，诸如吹熄。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，一种燃烧器包括：包括至少一个挡板通孔的至少一个挡板；以及延伸穿过该至少一个挡板通孔的至少一个燃料喷嘴。至少一个稀释剂罩固定到该至少一个挡板上，并且构造成以便引导稀释剂流朝向该至少一个燃烧喷嘴的混合室。
根据本发明的另一方面，一种用于将稀释剂流引入到燃料喷嘴的混合室中的方法包括：促使该稀释剂流从腔室(plenum)通过挡板与燃料喷嘴的外表面之间的挡板间隙。经由自挡板延伸的至少一个稀释剂罩引导稀释剂流朝向延伸穿过燃料喷嘴末端的多个空气旋流孔。使该稀释剂流流过该多个空气旋流孔而进入混合室。
通过结合附图获得的以下描述，这些和其它优点和特点将变得更加显而易见。
附图说明
在说明书结论部分处的权利要求中特别地指出并明确地要求保护被认为是本发明的主题。通过结合附图得到的以下详细描述，本发明的前述和其它特点和优点显而易见，在附图中：
图1是燃烧器的一个实施例的截面图；
图2是图1的燃烧器的端视图；
图3是图1的燃烧器的端盖的一个实施例的截面图；以及
图4是燃烧器的一个实施例的燃料喷嘴的局部截面图。
参考附图，通过实例的方式，详细描述解释了本发明的实施例以及优点和特点。
燃烧器 10
燃料喷嘴 12
端盖 14
燃烧室 16
壳体 18
衬套 20
流动套管 22
环形空气通路 24
过渡件 26
涡轮 28
挡板 30
挡板孔 32
中心毂 34
盖环 36
腔室 38
稀释剂流 40
孔口 42
吹扫空气室 44
燃料室 46
吹扫空气流 48
吹扫空气孔 50
喷嘴末端 52
混合室 54
喷嘴帽 56
燃料流 58
燃料孔 60
空气旋流孔 62
外表面 64
帽端 68
长度 70
燃料喷嘴轴线 72
罩间隙 74
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了燃烧器10的一个实施例。燃烧器10包括设置在端盖14处的多个燃料喷嘴12。压缩空气与燃料通过端盖14而被引导到该多个燃料喷嘴12，燃料喷嘴12将压缩空气与燃料的混合物分配到燃烧器10中。燃烧器10包括大体上由壳体18、衬套20和流动套管22限定的燃烧室16。在一些实施例中，流动套管22和衬套20基本上同轴，以限定环形空气通路24，环形空气通路24可使得空气流能够传递通过其中，以用于冷却和/或经由(例如)衬套20中的多个穿孔(未图示)进入到燃烧室16中。壳体18、衬套20和流动套管22构造成通过过渡件26朝向涡轮28提供期望的混合物流。
现参看图2，燃烧器10包括具有六个挡板孔32的挡板30，六个燃料喷嘴12延伸穿过该六个挡板孔32，例如，一个燃料喷嘴12延伸穿过各个挡板孔32。虽然在图2中示出了六个燃料喷嘴12，但是将了解的是，可利用其它数量的燃料喷嘴12，例如，一个或四个燃料喷嘴12。如在图3中最佳地示出的，燃料喷嘴12布置于燃烧器10的中心毂34周围。现参看图4，挡板30和盖环36限定了腔室38，稀释剂流40经由盖环36中的孔口42阵列而被导入该腔室38中。在一些实施例中，稀释剂流40可包括蒸汽或诸如氮气的其它稀释剂。
如图4所示，各个燃料喷嘴12包括至少一个吹扫空气室44和至少一个燃料室46。促使吹扫空气流48从吹扫空气室44起通过延伸穿过喷嘴末端52的多个吹扫空气孔50进入设置在喷嘴帽56下方的混合室54中。类似地，促使燃料流58从燃料室46起通过延伸穿过喷嘴末端52的多个燃料孔60进入混合室54中。另外，多个空气旋流孔62从燃料喷嘴12的外表面64延伸穿过燃料喷嘴12而到达喷嘴末端52。将了解的是，在一些实施例中和/或在某些操作条件下，可为吹扫空气室44供应燃料流58和/或可为燃料室46供应吹扫空气流48。
稀释剂罩66设置在各个挡板孔32处并在径向上位于燃料喷嘴12的外表面64的外侧。稀释剂罩66沿着外表面64从挡板30向前朝向燃烧器10的帽端68延伸。稀释剂罩66可通过(例如)焊接、钎焊、一个或多个机械紧固件或其它附连器械而固定到挡板30上。另外，在一些实施例中，稀释剂罩66可经由(例如)压配或干涉配合通过摩擦而固定到挡板30上。稀释剂罩66绕燃料喷嘴12在周向上延伸，且在一些实施例中基本上是圆柱形的。
随着稀释剂流40自腔室38流动并通过挡板孔32，稀释剂罩66引导稀释剂流40朝向多个空气旋流孔62。稀释剂流40的所希望的部分流过该多个空气旋流孔62并且进入混合室64中，在混合室64中，稀释剂流40与吹扫空气流48和燃料流58混合。
稀释剂罩66的长度70足以引导稀释剂流40的所希望的部分朝向该多个空气旋流孔62，并且防止稀释剂流40的所希望的部分朝向中心毂34流动。在一些实施例中，稀释剂罩66可延伸越过多个空气旋流孔62以进一步确保引导稀释剂流40的所希望的部分朝向该多个空气旋流孔62。另外，在一些实施例中，稀释剂罩66定位成使得其绕燃料喷嘴轴线72与燃料喷嘴12基本同心。将稀释剂罩66定位成与燃料喷嘴12同心增加了绕燃料喷嘴12的周边的稀释剂流40均匀性。另外，罩间隙74在燃烧器10中各个燃料喷嘴12处可基本上相等，以提高在整个燃烧器10中稀释剂流40的均匀性。
虽然已结合仅有限数量的实施例详细地描述了本发明，但将容易地了解，本发明并不限于这样的所公开的实施例。而是本发明可进行修改，以结合之前未描述但与本发明的精神和范畴相适应的任意数量的变型、更改、替代或等效布置。此外，虽然已描述了本发明的各种实施例，但将了解的是，本发明的方面可包括仅所述实施例中的某些。因此，并不将本发明视为受到前文描述的限制，而是其仅受所附权利要求书的范围限制。

Claims (10)

1.一种燃烧器(10)，包括：
包括至少一个挡板孔(32)的挡板(30)；
延伸穿过所述至少一个挡板孔(32)的至少一个燃料喷嘴(12)，所述至少一个燃料喷嘴包括：
喷嘴末端(52)，燃料流被引导通过该喷嘴末端；
位于喷嘴末端下游的喷嘴帽(56)；
由所述喷嘴末端和所述喷嘴帽限定的混合室(54)；以及
固定到所述至少一个挡板孔(32)处并在径向上位于燃料喷嘴(12)的外侧的至少一个稀释剂罩(66)，所述至少一个稀释剂罩与所述至少一个燃料喷嘴之间限定了稀释剂通道，该稀释剂通道在径向上位于喷嘴末端(52)上游并且与混合室流体连通，该稀释剂通道构造成引导通过所述挡板孔(32)的稀释剂流(40)朝向所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(12)的混合室(54)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器(10)，其特征在于，所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(12)包括多个空气旋流孔(62)，所述多个空气旋流孔(62)从所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(12)的外表面(64)延伸穿过燃料喷嘴末端(52)而到达所述混合室(54)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的燃烧器(10)，其特征在于，所述至少一个稀释剂罩构造成引导所述稀释剂流(40)朝向所述多个空气旋流孔(62)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器(10)，其特征在于，所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(12)中的各个燃料喷嘴(12)与相对应的稀释剂罩之间的间隙(74)基本相等。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器(10)，其特征在于，所述至少一个燃料喷嘴(12)是六个燃料喷嘴(12)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的燃烧器(10)，其特征在于，所述六个燃料喷嘴(12)排列于中心燃烧器毂(34)周围。
7.一种用于将稀释剂流(40)引入到燃料喷嘴(12)的混合室(54)中的方法，包括：
促使所述稀释剂流(40)从腔室(38)通过挡板(30)与所述燃料喷嘴(12)的外表面(64)之间的挡板间隙(74)；
经由自所述挡板(30)延伸的至少一个稀释剂罩和所述燃料喷嘴外表面(64)限定的稀释剂通道引导通过挡板(30)的挡板孔(32)的所述稀释剂流(40)朝向延伸穿过燃料喷嘴末端(52)的多个空气旋流孔(62)，所述稀释剂通道在径向上位于喷嘴末端(52)上游；以及
使所述稀释剂流(40)流动通过所述多个空气旋流孔(62)而进入所述混合室(54)，该混合室由所述喷嘴末端和喷嘴帽(56)限定并且与所述稀释剂通道流体连通，所述混合室位于所述喷嘴末端的下游，所述喷嘴末端引导燃料流进入所述混合室。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括经由所述燃料喷嘴末端(52)中的多个吹扫空气流孔(50)促使吹扫空气流(48)进入所述混合室(54)中。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括经由所述燃料喷嘴末端(52)中的多个燃料孔(60)促使燃料流(58)进入所述混合室(54)中。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括在所述混合室(54)中混合所述稀释剂流(40)与燃料流(58)。
CN200910221214.0A 2008-10-29 2009-10-29 用于燃烧器的稀释剂罩 Expired - Fee Related CN101799160B (zh)

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