CN101796900B - Hot-water dewaxing accelerated germination method for Japanese toxicodendron succedaneum seeds - Google Patents
Hot-water dewaxing accelerated germination method for Japanese toxicodendron succedaneum seeds Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a hot-water dewaxing accelerated germination method for Japanese toxicodendron succedaneum seeds. The method comprises the following: (1) a step of selecting seeds; (2) a step of dewaxing through hot-water soaking, which is to soak toxicodendron succedaneum seeds in hot water at the temperature of more than or equal to 55 DEG C, take low-quality seeds floating on water surface out when the hot water cools to a temperature of less than or equal to 40 DEG C and leave the seeds sinking in water; (3) a step of dewaxing again through scrubbing, which is to add soda ash or detergent to the seeds soaked in hot water and dewaxed, mix well, knead till the seeds are white and rinse the seeds clean with clear water; (4) a step of soaking with clear water, which is to soak the seeds washed clean in clear water at room temperature for 15 to 20 days, take out and air the seeds which expand and soften; and (5) a step of accelerating germination, which is to adopt a thermal avian-excrement hotbed germination-accelerating method, an electric-blanket hotbed germination-accelerating method, a hot-water seed-spraying germination-accelerating method or an incubator germination-accelerating method to accelerate the germination of the seeds soaked and aired. The method has the advantages of choosing the hot water at the temperature of more than or equal to 60 DEG C for soaking, adding the soda ash or the detergent for kneading and dewaxing and ensuring that the seed germination rate can be up to 99 percent, along with high efficiency, low cost and safe operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Japanese Rhus succedanea seed dewaxing vernalization germinating method, especially relate to a kind of hot-water dewaxing accelerated germination method for Japanese toxicodendron succedaneum seeds.
Background technology
Japan's Rhus succedanea is the long-term improvement of Rhus succedanea process that Japan introduces from China before more than 400 year, and the new varieties that cultivate are a kind of to produce the economic tree of lacquer seed, extraction haze tallow, have characteristics of many uses, that economic benefit is high.The haze tallow that is extracted is called " Japanese haze tallow ", and viscoplasticity is higher, has unexistent fine and smooth quality of general lacquer tree fat and sticking toughness, and melting point is up to 53-54 ℃, and than high nearly 10 ℃ of general lacquer tree fat, acid number only 4.5 is far below 30 of general lacquer tree fat.This haze tallow is present best in the world biological wax, is widely used in numerous areas such as military project, chemical industry, light industry, printing, health care, food, electronics, and the domestic and international market capacity is very big, and comparatively long-term and stable social demand is arranged.
Now, Japanese urbanization industrialization land used increases severely, and Japanese Rhus succedanea kind value area descends.
China is introduced into provinces such as Jiangxi, Hunan during the nearly last ten years and plants experimentally, and has succeeded, lays a good foundation for breaking international " Japanese haze tallow " market of Japan's monopolization.
Japan's Rhus succedanea lacquer seed kind skin has wax, and seed is hard, and is airtight waterproof again, and the seed dormancy that this mechanical obstacles causes is very big to the percentage of seedgermination influence.The lacquer seed is germinateed, must carry out dewaxing treatment to seed prior to seeding, remove the wax of the surface of the seed, seed could absorb moisture, expands to germinate.
At present, Japan and China generally adopt the concentrated sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate and washing powder to dewax, then with clear water seed soaking 30 days, sowing again.Test shows, use these methods, its nursery germination rate is respectively: germination rate only is 5.9% after the washing powder dewaxing treatment, with the concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate method of chemical treatment the germination of coating with lacquer seed then had obvious facilitation, its nursery germination rate can reach 25.4%-10.0% respectively, and concrete condition sees Table 1.
Table 1 dewaxing treatment is to the influence of percentage of seedgermination
But with concentrated sulfuric acid method dewaxing, very dangerous, operate careless slightlyly, easily human body skin and seed are caused burn.And use permanganimetric method, germination rate is quite unstable, though high germination rate reaches 24.7% sometimes, in most cases about 10.0%.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defective that prior art exists, provide a kind of dewaxing effect good, easy and safe to operate, the high and stable hot-water dewaxing accelerated germination method for Japanese toxicodendron succedaneum seeds of germination rate.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) seed selection: the lacquer seed that selection is plucked from Japanese Rhus succedanea 10-11 month the previous year, as the seed of the usefulness of growing seedlings;
(2) hot-water soak dewaxing: will coat with lacquer seed immerse water temperature 〉=55 ℃ (preferably 〉=80 ℃; More preferably 80-90 ℃) hot water in, treat hot water be cooled to≤40 ℃ the time, pull out and eliminate the seed inferior of bubbling through the water column, stay and be sunken to the good seed that has removed most of wax in the water;
(3) wash once more dewaxing by rubbing with the hands: will mix according to the ratio of 20:1 and soda ash or washing powder through the good seed after the hot-water soak dewaxing, and rub to seed and be white in color, wax remaining on the seed will be removed, clean with flushing with clean water again;
Rub method: seed and soda ash or washing powder can be put into the sack that gunnysack or other coarse braids are made, with manually rubbing, comparatively laborsaving like this, efficient is also higher;
(4) clear water soaks: the seed of wash clean is placed in the container at room temperature soaked 15-20 days with clear water, when seed expansion deliquescing, taking-up is dried;
(5) vernalization: the seed that will dry after will soaking, adopt hot poultry manure hotbed germination hastening method or electric blanket hotbed germination hastening method or hot water to drench kind of germination hastening method or the vernalization of incubator germination hastening method.
Described step (3) when rubbing, preferably adds little water, makes the mixture of seed and washing powder be the congee shape and does not run off.
Described step (4), clear water are soaked preferably and are changed water every day once.
Described step (5), described hot poultry manure hotbed germination hastening method, be to select the lee level land to build hotbed, stack thick fresh cow dung or the chicken manure of one deck 2-3cm, on fresh cow dung or chicken manure, cover the straw of a bed thickness 0.4-0.6cm, on straw, cover one deck toilet paper again, after with clear water toilet paper layer being squirted, put the thick seed that has dewaxed and soaked of one deck 2cm, with clear water seed is squirted then, covering with plastic film, and the mulch film periphery compressed, after 2 days, open mulch film every day and check 1-2 germination, if any seed sprouting or split mouth, promptly collect planting seed.
Described electric blanket hotbed germination hastening method, it is spreading on electric blanket, on mulch film, cover one deck toilet paper, stack the thick seed that has dewaxed and soaked of one deck 2cm then on toilet paper, clear water squirts, and covers mulch film again, and add a cover heat-insulation layer (for example cotton-wadded quilt), periphery compresses, and energising keeps 23-25 ℃ of temperature (preferred 24 ℃); Open mulch film after 1 day and check the seed sprouting situation,, collect planting seed immediately if seed sprouting is arranged.
Described hot water drenches kind of a germination hastening method, is the seed that soaked dewaxing, is placed in the blue son of large bamboo or wicker basket or bamboo rattan, clear water squirts, and slings, and drench 5 time with 25 ° of hot water every day, be points in mornings 8, the mornings 11 point, 2 pm, afternoons 5, point respectively drenched 1 time at 10 in evening, and washed in a pan 1 time with 25 ° of hot water, after 2 days, open mulch film every day and check 1 germination,, then collect planting seed immediately if seed sprouting is arranged.
Described incubator germination hastening method is the clear water that adds degree of depth 0.8-1.2mm in vessel, puts the seed that a row has dewaxed and soaked again, adds a cover, put into incubator, energising transfers to 24 ℃ with temperature, check germination every day, 1% seed sprouting is arranged, then collect planting seed immediately.
Because the present invention selects for use 〉=60 ℃ of hot-water soak dewaxings, need not use the concentrated sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, has not only reduced cost, and handling safety, can not cause damage to people and seed, also can remove seed inferior; Rub seed with soda ash or washing powder, the wax that remains in the surface of the seed can not only be removed totally, and the time of rubbing with the hands shortens dramatically; 4 kinds of germination accelerating methods, but according to specific time and site, according to different condition, different temperature situations are selected for use, have widened range of application, and germination rate can be up to 99%.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
1, hot water dewaxing's roguing embodiment
" Japanese haze tallow " melting point that Japan's Rhus succedanea seed extracts is at 53-54 ℃.The hot water dewaxing then plants with the hot water bubble of 55 ℃-100 ℃ of water temperatures, and the wax of the surface of the seed becomes colloidal liquid by solid, could rub dewax with the hands with alkali; When using hot-water soak, not only high temperature has been killed germ, and owes full seed and can float the hot water surface when soaking, and is eliminated.
This test divides 5 processing by different water temperatures.Percentage of seedgermination is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 different temperatures hot-water soak dewaxing treatment is to the influence of Japanese Rhus succedanea percentage of seedgermination
Remarks: (1) is respectively handled seed weight and is 5kg; Hot water weight is 10kg; (2) after the cooling, seed is poured in the gunnysack, added soda ash 0.5kg and rubbed 30 minutes; 4. clear water seed soaking is changed water every day once; Soak after 16 days and dry; 5. make hotbed with the thick wet cow dung of 2cm, the thick 0.5cm of last lid layer left and right sides straw mulch film is put one deck toilet paper again, squirts, and puts seed again, uses plastic mulching, through 3 days, and when 1% seed sprouting is arranged, sowing immediately.
By table 2 as seen, take off curedly with hot water, can significantly improve Japanese Rhus succedanea percentage of seedgermination.At present, China's Jiangxi Province's growing area and Japan growing area Japan Rhus succedanea percentage of seedgermination are up to 25.4%, and the present invention, and Japanese Rhus succedanea percentage of seedgermination is 35-97%, for the former 1.38-3.82 doubly.
2, difference is rubbed the required time embodiment that rubs of method
Seed 5kg behind the taking-up hot water dewaxing, the gunnysack of packing into adds 0.5kg soda ash, tightens the gunnysack mouth with rope, with the hands catches gunnysack, pushing rubbing on the ground then; In addition heat-obtaining water dewaxing seed 5kg adds soda ash 0.5kg, use the hand rubbing seed on the floor, and the mensuration seed required time that is white in color sees Table 3.
Table 3 difference is rubbed France and Japan's this Rhus succedanea seed required time that is white in color
By table as seen, seed and soda ash are put into gunnysack rub, rub with the hands purely with empty-handed, not only the fast 1-2 of speed times, and both hands skin had protective effect.This is that burlap is coarse because gunnysack directly contacts with seed, and friction is big, wipes the surface of the seed wax easily.
3, different germination accelerating methods are to the embodiment that influences of Japanese Rhus succedanea percentage of seedgermination
Take 90 ℃ of seeds behind the hot water dewaxing, adopt hot poultry manure hotbed germination hastening method, electric blanket hotbed germination hastening method, hot water to drench kind of a germination hastening method, the vernalization of incubator germination hastening method respectively, measure germinating time and germination rate, the result shows: with hot cow dung, the vernalization of chicken manure hotbed, Japan's Rhus succedanea seed germinating time is 3 days, and germination rate is respectively 97%, 96%; The vernalization of electric blanket hotbed, germinating time are 2 days, and germination rate is 98%; Hot water drenches method, and germinating time is 3-5 days, and germination rate is 57%; Incubator vernalization, germinating time are 1 day, germination rate 99%; Details are referring to table 4.
Table 4 germination accelerating method is to the influence of Japanese Rhus succedanea percentage of seedgermination
Remarks: the vernalization fate of (1) " beginning germinating time " for beginning to germinate; (2) the insulation germination rate refers to the germination rate in the incubator; Germination rate after the germination rate of other germination hastening method refers to broadcast; (3) environmental temperature is bigger to the germinating time influence that hot water drenches method, and therefore, the beginning germinating time has 3-5 days fluctuation.
By table 4 as seen, it is the fastest that incubator method seed begins germinating time, only needs 1 day time, and all germinate in 1 day, and germination rate is up to 99%, but this method use has limitation, because of incubator vernalization, only is applicable to the situation that seed amount is less; In the production, the general quantity of vernalization seed is big, uses incubator vernalization, and efficient is too low; And incubator vernalization, though the percentage of seedgermination height, after planting, emergence rate is low.Use so the incubator germination hastening method only is suitable for the laboratory, be unsuitable for promoting aborning.Hot water drenches method, and is simple to operate, runs into fine day after the seed soaking and then germinate comparatively fast, and only need are 3 days, run into microthermal climate, and then germinating time is longer, and germination rate has only about 57%, so method is available in the south subtropics district, should not use in middle subtropical zone, north subtropical area.The electric blanket method, the beginning germinating time only needs 2 days, and clean hygiene, and is simple to operate, can use in place with good conditionsi.Make hotbed with hot brid guanos such as cow dung, chicken manures, the beginning germinating time needs 3 days, and germination rate reaches 96-97%, is very desirable germination accelerating method, is suitable for vast rural area and uses.
Claims (7)
1. hot-water dewaxing accelerated germination method for Japanese toxicodendron succedaneum seeds is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) seed selection: the lacquer seed that selection is plucked from Japanese Rhus succedanea 10-11 month last year, as the seed of the usefulness of growing seedlings;
(2) hot-water soak dewaxing: will coat with lacquer in the hot water that seed immerses 80-90 ℃ of water temperature, treat hot water be cooled to≤40 ℃ the time, pull superseded seed inferior of bubbling through the water column out, stay and be sunken to the good seed that has removed most of wax in the water;
(3) wash once more dewaxing by rubbing with the hands: will mix according to the ratio of 20:1 and soda ash or washing powder through the good seed after the hot-water soak dewaxing, and rub to seed and be white in color, wax remaining on the seed will be removed, clean with flushing with clean water again;
(4) clear water soaks: the seed of wash clean is placed in the container at room temperature soaked 15-20 days with clear water, when seed expansion deliquescing, taking-up is dried;
(5) vernalization: the seed that will dry after will soaking, adopt hot poultry manure hotbed germination hastening method or electric blanket hotbed germination hastening method or hot water to drench kind of germination hastening method or the vernalization of incubator germination hastening method.
2. the germinating method of Japanese Rhus succedanea seed hot water dewaxing according to claim 1 vernalization, it is characterized in that, described (3) step, when rubbing, add little water, make the mixture of seed and soda ash or washing powder be the congee shape and do not run off, put into the sack that gunnysack or other coarse braids make again and rub.
3. the method for Japanese Rhus succedanea seed hot water dewaxing according to claim 1 and 2 vernalization is characterized in that, in described (4) step, soaks and changes water once every day.
4. Japanese Rhus succedanea seed hot water dewaxing germination accelerating method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, (5) step, described hot poultry manure hotbed germination hastening method, be to select the lee level land to build hotbed, stack fresh cow dung or the chicken manure of the about 7cm of one deck, on fresh cow dung or chicken manure, cover the straw of a bed thickness 0.5cm, on straw, cover one deck toilet paper again, after with clear water toilet paper layer being squirted, put the thick seed that has dewaxed and soaked of one deck 2cm, with clear water seed is squirted then, covering with plastic film, and the mulch film periphery compressed, after 2 days, open mulch film every day and check 1-2 germination, if any seed sprouting or split mouth, promptly collect planting seed.
5. Japanese Rhus succedanea seed hot water dewaxing germination accelerating method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, (5) step, described electric blanket hotbed germination hastening method, be at electric blanket upper berth one mulch film, on mulch film, cover one deck toilet paper, on toilet paper, stack the thick seed that has dewaxed and soaked of one deck 2cm then, clear water squirts, cover a mulch film again, and add a cover heat-insulation layer, periphery compresses, energising keeps 23-25 ℃ of temperature; Open mulch film after 1 day and check the seed sprouting situation,, collect planting seed immediately if seed sprouting is arranged.
6. Japanese Rhus succedanea seed hot water dewaxing germination accelerating method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, in (5) step, described hot water drenches kind of a germination hastening method, is the seed that soaked dewaxing, be placed in the blue son of large bamboo or wicker basket or bamboo rattan, clear water squirts, and slings, and drench 5 time with 25 ℃ of hot water every day, be points in mornings 8, the mornings 11 point, 2 pm, afternoons 5 point, respectively drench 1 time at 10 in evening, and wash in a pan 1 time with 25 ℃ of hot water, after 2 days, open mulch film every day and check 1 germination, if seed sprouting is arranged, then collect planting seed immediately.
7. Japanese Rhus succedanea seed hot water dewaxing germination accelerating method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, (5) step, described incubator germination hastening method is the clear water that adds degree of depth 0.8-1.2mm in vessel, puts a row again and keeps flat the seed that has neatly dewaxed and soaked, add a cover, put into incubator, energising transfers to 24 ℃ with temperature, check germination after 2 days, 1% seed sprouting is arranged, then collect planting seed immediately, germinateed in general 2-3 days.
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| CN103947329B (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2015-08-12 | 云南盛禾生态农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of processing method of lacquer tree nursery seed |
| CN104350837A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-02-18 | 李柳强 | Method for improving germination rate of loose-panicle corydalis pallida seeds |
| CN104396378A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-11 | 李柳强 | Method for increasing germination rate of Lhasa corydalis pallida seeds |
| CN105638354A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-06-08 | 竹溪县泉溪益群魔芋专业合作社 | Sexual breeding method for sumac seeds |
| CN105993281A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-10-12 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Seed germination treatment method of Chinese rhus succedanea |
| CN108966741B (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2021-06-18 | 武汉市农业科学院 | Method for improving germination rate and accelerating germination of Japanese Rhus succedanea seeds |
| CN110050541A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-07-26 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | A kind of method of Chinese tallow tree seed fast dewaxing vernalization |
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