CN101788824A - Device for automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel based on geomagnetic field and control method - Google Patents
Device for automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel based on geomagnetic field and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101788824A CN101788824A CN200910245169A CN200910245169A CN101788824A CN 101788824 A CN101788824 A CN 101788824A CN 200910245169 A CN200910245169 A CN 200910245169A CN 200910245169 A CN200910245169 A CN 200910245169A CN 101788824 A CN101788824 A CN 101788824A
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for automatically tracing the sun a solar cell panel. In the device, the solar cell panel can be vertically and rotatably arranged at the inner side of a U-shaped bracket through a vertical rotation structure, the bottom of the U-shaped bracket can be horizontally and rotatably arranged on a horizontal rotation structure, and the vertical rotation structure and the horizontal rotation structure are respectively connected with a control unit. The method comprises the following steps of detecting geomagnetic field signals in real time by analyzing a sensor collection unit, determining the direction of the sun relative to a cell panel carrier and revising a horizontal direction rotation angle of the cell panel; and revising the horizontal direction rotation angle of the cell panel and regulating a pitching rotation angle of the cell panel to keep the cell panel just face the sun through current time signals output by a clock chip. The invention enables the solar cell panel to always just face the sun, greatly enhances the utilization ratio of solar energy, can be used for fixing solar energy carriers including solar street lamps and solar roof power generation systems, can also be used for movable solar energy carriers such as solar vehicles, and greatly expands the application range of the device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar panel, particularly relate to a kind of solar panel that allows and remain, with the device and the control method of the automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel that improves solar energy utilization rate over against solar direction.
Background technology
At present in the installing and using of solar cell, installation method all is to adopt fixed being directly installed on the carrier, and the position of the sun is in different directions with moving of carrier positions over time, therefore sunshine direct projection constantly cell panel causes sun power in virtually loss.And because the power loss that causes of this mode, the lifting of corresponding cost more and more highlight along with the fast development of heliotechnics.Therefore, in order to promote solar cell more broadly, improve the solar energy utilization rate ever more important that just seems technically as far as possible.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is, provide a kind of under the prerequisite that does not change the physical characteristics of solar panel own, allow solar panel remain, with the device and the control method of the automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel that improves solar energy utilization rate over against solar direction.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of device of automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel, include solar panel, also be provided with U type support, the inboard that is arranged on U type support that described solar panel can vertically rotate by vertical rotational structure, being arranged on that the bottom of described U type support can horizontally rotate horizontally rotates on the structure, described vertical rotational structure with horizontally rotate structure and be connected control module respectively.
Described vertical rotational structure includes: the vertical direction rotating shaft, the vertical direction control steering wheel that links to each other with the vertical direction rotating shaft, and vertical direction rotating shaft axle sleeve, described vertical direction control steering wheel connects control module, described vertical direction rotating shaft is through to the inboard of this side from the outside of a side of U type support, the corresponding inboard that is arranged on another side of U type support of described vertical direction rotating shaft axle sleeve and vertical direction rotating shaft, the both sides of described solar panel are separately fixed on vertical direction rotating shaft and the vertical direction rotating shaft axle sleeve.
The described structure that horizontally rotates includes: horizontal direction control steering wheel connects control module with the horizontal direction rotating shaft that links to each other with horizontal direction control steering wheel, described horizontal direction control steering wheel, and the bottom of described U type support is fixed in the horizontal direction rotating shaft.
Described control module includes: single-chip microcomputer and the sensor acquisition unit and the clock chip that link to each other with single-chip microcomputer respectively, described single-chip microcomputer connect the vertical direction control steering wheel in the vertical rotational structure respectively and horizontally rotate horizontal direction control steering wheel in the structure.
Described sensor acquisition unit is to be made of geomagnetic sensor.
The control method of the device of automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel of the present invention is to detect the terrestrial magnetic field signal in real time by the analyte sensors collecting unit, determines the orientation of the sun with respect to the cell panel carrier, revises the level orientation corner of cell panel; And by the current time signal of clock chip output, revise the level orientation corner of cell panel and adjust its pitching corner, to keep cell panel over against the sun.
Specifically comprise the steps:
1) the ground magnetic signal of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system read sensor collecting unit output:
2) adopt normalization algorithm to eliminate the disturbing signal that produces by other electromagnetic field beyond the earth magnetism, extract the ground magnetic signal that can be used for orientation measurement:
3) Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system reads the time signal of clock chip output:
4) with ground magnetic signal and the clock signal obtained in step 2 and the step 3, in conjunction with the database that comprises terrestrial latitude and altitude of the sun angular dependence, calculate the concrete locus of the relative cell panel of the sun by look-up table, determine position angle and the elevation angle of the sun with respect to cell panel:
5) single-chip microcomputer output is revised the differential seat angle of cell panel and sun true bearing to the control signal of steering wheel, makes cell panel over against solar direction;
6) repeating step 1 realizes that to the work of step 5 solar cell is in real time to day.
Described normalization algorithm is meant:
1) at first gathers local terrestrial magnetic field data: the sensor acquisition unit is rotated a circle, find out wherein maximal value X_max, Y_max and minimum value X_min, Y_min in setting-up time;
2) then all geomagnetic datas are all passed through following formula and calculate, obtain the normalized value X_uni and the Y_uni of geomagnetic data, can will originally be that oval terrestrial magnetic field data correction is circle so just, and eliminate disturbing signal, convenient follow-up data processing;
X_uni＝(X-X_min)×255/(X_max-X_min)；
Y_uni＝(Y-Y_min)×255/(Y_max-Y_min)。
Described look-up table is meant: include the relation of terrestrial latitude value and sun altitude in the form of having set, single-chip microcomputer is by reading current latitude value and time, can determine the cell panel and the relation of solar azimuth at that time by the instruction enquiry form.
The device of automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel of the present invention and control method have following characteristics:
1. realize making solar panel all the time over against the sun, improved solar energy utilization rate greatly;
2. owing to used geomagnetic sensor, the angle of the relative solar azimuth of counting cell plate carrier in real time, therefore this device sun power carrier such as solar street light, sun power roof electricity generation system etc. that can be used for fixing can be used for the sun power carrier such as the solar telephone that move again;
3. adopted the method for calculating solar azimuth by the current time of ground magnetic signal, rather than the method by light intensity feedback, thereby the reaction velocity of whole device is improved greatly, can adapt to the high-speed mobile of solar panel carrier, greatly expanded the scope of application of this device.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the apparatus structure synoptic diagram of automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the control block diagram of solar panel of the present invention from trend day device;
Fig. 3 is sensor curve of output and normalization ellipse, wherein:
Figure (a) and (b), (c), (d) are respectively the procedure charts of sensor curve of output and normalization ellipse.
Wherein:
1: solar panel 2: support
3: vertical direction control steering wheel 4: vertical direction rotating shaft
5: vertical direction rotating shaft axle sleeve 6: horizontal direction control steering wheel
7: horizontal direction rotating shaft a: actual output
B: actual oval c: be desirable output
D: oval after the normalization
Embodiment
Provide specific embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, how the device and the control method that further specify automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel of the present invention realize.
As shown in Figure 1, the device of automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel of the present invention, include solar panel 1, also be provided with U type support 2, the inboard of the U type that the is arranged on support 2 that described solar panel 1 can vertically rotate by vertical rotational structure, being arranged on that the bottom of described U type support 2 can horizontally rotate horizontally rotates on the structure, described vertical rotational structure with horizontally rotate structure and be connected control module respectively.
Described vertical rotational structure includes: vertical direction rotating shaft 4, the vertical direction control steering wheel 3 that links to each other with vertical direction rotating shaft 4, and vertical direction rotating shaft axle sleeve 5, described vertical direction control steering wheel 3 connects control module, is used to control the angle of pitch of solar panel 1.Described vertical direction rotating shaft 4 is through to the inboard of this side from the outside of a side of U type support 2, described vertical direction rotating shaft axle sleeve 5 and the vertical direction rotating shaft 4 corresponding inboards that are arranged on U type support 2 another sides, the both sides of described solar panel 1 are separately fixed on vertical direction rotating shaft 4 and the vertical direction rotating shaft axle sleeve 5.
The described structure that horizontally rotates includes: horizontal direction control steering wheel 6 connects control module with the horizontal direction rotating shaft 7 that links to each other with horizontal direction control steering wheel 6, described horizontal direction control steering wheel 6, is used to control the position angle of solar panel 1.The bottom of described U type support 2 is fixed in the horizontal direction rotating shaft 7.
Vertical direction control steering wheel 3 and horizontal direction are controlled steering wheel 6 according to the position of combination control sun energy cell panel 1 with respect to the sun, thereby realize freely rotating of solar panel 1 total space angle.Reach in real time over against the sun, improve solar energy utilization rate.
As shown in Figure 2, described control module includes: single-chip microcomputer 8 and sensor acquisition unit 9 that links to each other with single-chip microcomputer respectively and clock chip 10, described single-chip microcomputer 8 connect the vertical direction control steering wheel 3 in the vertical rotational structure respectively and horizontally rotate horizontal direction control steering wheel 6 in the structure.Described sensor acquisition unit 9 is to be made of geomagnetic sensor.
In the device initialization procedure, need on-site latitude value of input and time value.Single-chip microcomputer is accurately located the position of the sun with respect to solar panel by analyzing ground magnetic signal and clock signal.Add anti-shake anti-dead band part in the program of output control unit, there is not critical point between the Qu Yuqu that is divided in the program, because the shake of solar panel all is to occur in critical point place, it is hereby ensured that solar panel does not tremble or acutely rocks in rotation process.
The device of automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel of the present invention can be installed on the mobile vehicle, as solar telephone; Also can be applicable on the fixing carrier, as solar street light, roof solar electricity generation system etc.Solar panel is rotated with the rotation of the sun, promptly allow sunshine direct projection cell panel all the time, improve solar energy utilization rate.
The control method of the device of automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel of the present invention is to detect the terrestrial magnetic field signal in real time by analyzing geomagnetic sensor, determines the orientation of the sun with respect to the cell panel carrier, revises the level orientation corner of cell panel; And by the current time signal of clock chip output, revise the level orientation corner of cell panel and adjust its pitching corner, to keep cell panel over against the sun.
As shown in Figure 3, the detection of magnetic direction and correction, course angle is determined by the Y and the X of geomagnetic sensor output, when geomagnetic sensor rotates in surface level, survey terrestrial magnetic field Y, the curve of output of X value is a circle, but is subjected to the influence of motor, ferromagnet etc. on every side in the application of reality, and curve of output has some distortion, some is near oval, in order to compensate the interference of external magnetic field, we will adopt certain algorithm that ellipse is modified to circle, and this algorithm is called normalization algorithm.Geomagnetic data just can draw each geomagnetic coordinates angle of the magnetic south arctic relatively by look-up table with originally being that oval terrestrial magnetic field data correction is a circle then through behind the normalization algorithm.
Its concrete steps are as follows:
1) Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system reads the ground magnetic signal of geomagnetic sensor output:
2) adopt normalization algorithm to eliminate the disturbing signal that produces by other electromagnetic field, extract the ground magnetic signal that can be used for orientation measurement:
Described normalization algorithm is meant:
(1) at first gathers local terrestrial magnetic field data: geomagnetic sensor is rotated a circle, find out wherein maximal value X_max, Y_max and minimum value X_min, Y_min in setting-up time;
(2) then all geomagnetic datas are all passed through following formula and calculate, obtain the normalized value X_uni and the Y_uni of geomagnetic data, can will originally be that oval terrestrial magnetic field data correction is circle so just, and eliminate disturbing signal, convenient follow-up data processing;
X_uni＝(X-X_min)*255/(X_max-X_min)；
Y_uni＝(Y-Y_min)*255/(Y_max-Y_min)；
3) Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system reads the time signal of clock chip output:
4) with ground magnetic signal and the clock signal obtained in step 2 and the step 3, in conjunction with the database that comprises terrestrial latitude and altitude of the sun angular dependence, calculate the concrete locus of the relative cell panel of the sun by look-up table, determine position angle and the elevation angle of the sun with respect to cell panel:
Described look-up table is meant: include the relation of terrestrial latitude value and sun altitude in the form of having set, single-chip microcomputer is by reading current latitude value and time, can determine the cell panel and the relation of solar azimuth at that time by the instruction enquiry form.
At first being to calculate each geomagnetic coordinates angle of the magnetic south arctic relatively by look-up table, using the vertical corner that this angle just can be revised solar panel, secondly is the level angle of determining cell panel.
We will be divided into small scale time and large scale time the time.In one day, sun east rises the west and falls that we are defined as the small scale time, also is the master control time of whole device; And in 1 year, the four seasons substitute, and also can cause sun altitude to change, and we are defined as the large scale time with it.
We can obtain the maximal value of sun altitude on local same day by large scale time and local latitude value; And by the small scale time, we can determine the sun altitude in a certain moment.
See also table 1, with the Beijing area August be example, we have listed sun altitude and azimuthal situation of change in one day, and are as shown in table 1.
Determined that solar azimuth and elevation angle just can revise the vertical corner and the level angle of cell panel.Like this, just can control later two steering wheels drawing the angle value that cell panel need revise, reach the effect of control cell panel rotation by single-chip microcomputer output different duty.
Because geomagnetic sensor sensitivity is very high, small sample perturbations can occur when actual samples.The present invention sets by software algorithm, and the ground magnetic signal of importing is calculated, and removes the influence of perturbation for signal, realizes the smooth rotation of solar cell horizontal direction, avoids the device horizontal direction shake that produces because of signal disturbance.
5) single-chip microcomputer output is revised the differential seat angle of cell panel and sun true bearing to the control signal of steering wheel, makes cell panel over against solar direction;
6) repeating step 1 realizes that to the work of step 5 solar cell is in real time to day.
Table 1 is sun altitude and the position angle situation of change in a day of August Beijing area (39 ° of north latitude);
Table 1
Wherein, the position angle is defined as the angle of sun place direction and Due South, Fang Weizheng to the west, and side by east is for negative
Claims (9)
1. the device of an automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel, include solar panel (1), it is characterized in that, also be provided with U type support (2), the inboard of the U type that the is arranged on support (2) that described solar panel (1) can vertically rotate by vertical rotational structure, being arranged on that the bottom of described U type support (2) can horizontally rotate horizontally rotates on the structure, described vertical rotational structure with horizontally rotate structure and be connected control module respectively.
2. the device of automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described vertical rotational structure includes: vertical direction rotating shaft (4), the vertical direction control steering wheel (3) that links to each other with vertical direction rotating shaft (4), and vertical direction rotating shaft axle sleeve (5), described vertical direction control steering wheel (3) connects control module, described vertical direction rotating shaft (4) is through to the inboard of this side from the outside of a side of U type support (2), described vertical direction rotating shaft axle sleeve (5) and the corresponding inboard that is arranged on another side of U type support (2) of vertical direction rotating shaft (4), the both sides of described solar panel (1) are separately fixed on vertical direction rotating shaft (4) and the vertical direction rotating shaft axle sleeve (5).
3. the device of automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described structure that horizontally rotates includes: horizontal direction control steering wheel (6) and the horizontal direction rotating shaft (7) that links to each other with horizontal direction control steering wheel (6), described horizontal direction control steering wheel (6) connects control module, and the bottom of described U type support (2) is fixed in the horizontal direction rotating shaft (7).
4. the device of automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described control module includes: single-chip microcomputer (8) and sensor acquisition unit (9) that links to each other with single-chip microcomputer respectively and clock chip (10), described single-chip microcomputer (8) connect the vertical direction control steering wheel (3) in the vertical rotational structure respectively and horizontally rotate horizontal direction control steering wheel (6) in the structure.
5. the device of automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described sensor acquisition unit (9) is to be made of geomagnetic sensor.
6. the control method of the device of the described automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel of claim 1, it is characterized in that, detect the terrestrial magnetic field signal in real time by the analyte sensors collecting unit, determine the orientation of the sun, revise the level orientation corner of cell panel with respect to the cell panel carrier; And by the current time signal of clock chip output, revise the level orientation corner of cell panel and adjust its pitching corner, to keep cell panel over against the sun.
7. the control method of the device of automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel according to claim 6 is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) the ground magnetic signal of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system read sensor collecting unit output:
2) adopt normalization algorithm to eliminate the disturbing signal that produces by other electromagnetic field beyond the earth magnetism, extract the ground magnetic signal that can be used for orientation measurement:
3) Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system reads the time signal of clock chip output:
4) with ground magnetic signal and the clock signal obtained in step 2 and the step 3, in conjunction with the database that comprises terrestrial latitude and altitude of the sun angular dependence, calculate the concrete locus of the relative cell panel of the sun by look-up table, determine position angle and the elevation angle of the sun with respect to cell panel:
5) single-chip microcomputer output is revised the differential seat angle of cell panel and sun true bearing to the control signal of steering wheel, makes cell panel over against solar direction;
6) repeating step 1 realizes that to the work of step 5 solar cell is in real time to day.
8. the control method of the device of automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described normalization algorithm is meant:
1) at first gathers local terrestrial magnetic field data: the sensor acquisition unit is rotated a circle, find out wherein maximal value X_max, Y_max and minimum value X_min, Y_min in setting-up time;
2) then all geomagnetic datas are all passed through following formula and calculate, obtain the normalized value X_uni and the Y_uni of geomagnetic data, can will originally be that oval terrestrial magnetic field data correction is circle so just, and eliminate disturbing signal, convenient follow-up data processing;
X_uni＝(X-X_min)×255/(X_max-X_min)；
Y_uni＝(Y-Y_min)×255/(Y_max-Y_min)。
9. the control method of the device of automatically tracing sun by solar cell panel according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described look-up table is meant: the relation that includes terrestrial latitude value and sun altitude in the form of having set, single-chip microcomputer is by reading current latitude value and time, can determine the cell panel and the relation of solar azimuth at that time by the instruction enquiry form.
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| CN102230655A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2011-11-02 | Tcl空调器(中山)有限公司 | Solar frequency conversion air conditioner having function of automatic tracking |
| CN102230653A (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2011-11-02 | Tcl空调器(中山)有限公司 | Solar-powered variable-frequency air conditioner |
| CN102305380A (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-01-04 | 张晓东 | Light collection device |
| CN102411377A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-04-11 | 天津职业技术师范大学 | Sun auto-tracking device and tracking method thereof |
| CN102541082A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2012-07-04 | 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 | Photovoltaic solar air conditioner, solar cell panel angle control device and method |
| CN102541094A (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2012-07-04 | 无锡泰克塞斯新能源科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional earth magnetism sensor-based tracking photovoltaic power generation system and implementing method thereof |
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| CN107168381A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-09-15 | 东南大学 | A kind of impact analysis method of figure of the earth to heliostat solar tracking error |
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| CN102230655A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2011-11-02 | Tcl空调器(中山)有限公司 | Solar frequency conversion air conditioner having function of automatic tracking |
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| CN102541094A (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2012-07-04 | 无锡泰克塞斯新能源科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional earth magnetism sensor-based tracking photovoltaic power generation system and implementing method thereof |
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| CN107168381A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-09-15 | 东南大学 | A kind of impact analysis method of figure of the earth to heliostat solar tracking error |
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