CN101788543B

CN101788543B - Lysimeter

Info

Publication number: CN101788543B
Application number: CN2009102505442A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴文勇; 刘洪禄; 杨胜利; 马志军; 宝哲; 马福生; 祁兴会; 牛勇
Original assignee: BEIJING INST OF WATER CONSERVANCY SCIENCE
Current assignee: BEIJING INST OF WATER CONSERVANCY SCIENCE
Priority date: 2009-12-15
Filing date: 2009-12-15
Publication date: 2011-02-23
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-15
Also published as: CN101788543A

Abstract

The invention relates to a lysimeter which belongs to the field of water conservancy project and agriculture; the IPC international classification number of the invention is E02B 1/00. The lysimeter comprises a flexible soil box, an inverted filter layer, a water collecting pipe, a sealing device, a drain pipe and a water collecting well; wherein, the inverted filter layer is arranged on the lower part of the flexible soil box, the water collecting pipe is arranged in the middle o the inverted filter layer, water collecting holes are evenly distributed on the water collecting pipe, the water sealing device is arranged on the connection part of the lower part of the water collecting pipe and the flexible soil box, the lower part of the water sealing device is connected with the drain pipe,the drain pipe is connected with the water collecting well, and the length of the water collecting well below the connection part of the water collecting pipe and the water collecting well needs to be determined according to the size of a water pump or a sensor. The lysimeter has simple construction and maintenance, reasonable drainage system, compact water sealing structure, good water sealing effect, simple mounting and has both remarkable environmental ecological and social economic benefits.

Description

A kind of lysimeter

One, technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of lysimeter, belong to hydraulic engineering and agronomy field, its IPC ICL is E02B1/00.

Two, background technology

Lysimeter is the together important of research crop water consumption rule, traditional lysimeter generally adopts rigid material to make both at home and abroad, such as materials such as reinforced concrete, brick, steel plate, organic glass, utilize that rigid material is made lysimeter construction more complicated, waterproof effect is bad, cost of manufacture is higher, because cost height, difficulty of construction are big, and complex structure, general water conservancy or agri-scientific research institute all unconditionally make this type of device, have objectively influenced the accuracy of scientific payoffs.Studies show that, differ about 20% there being, not having the crop wager requirements that this type of device draws.Under no lysimeter condition, the research of crop water consumption rule field test generally monitors about 1m, existing achievement in research shows, under the water-saving irrigation condition, fruit tree soil profile moisture zero flux face generally can be at 3m～4m, therefore general field crop soil profile moisture zero flux face, is difficult to the moisture flux of estimation deep percolation generally at 2m～3m under no lysimeter condition.At present, the main difficult point of utilization and extention lysimeter is to reduce cost of manufacture, reduces difficulty of construction, therefore, seek a kind of simple and practical, difficulty of construction is low, good water-proof effect, cost of manufacture are low lysimeter for promote China's irrigation tests level to improve, set up science, the high-efficient irrigation system is particularly important.

Three, summary of the invention

The present invention is according to years of researches and test findings many times, proposes a kind of simple in structure, low price, instead filters the lysimeter that effective, waterproof, stagnant water effect are good, be convenient to the water consumption monitoring.

Lysimeter of the present invention comprises flexible native case, loaded filter, collector pipe, antipriming, drainpipe and sump; Wherein, the native box body of described flexibility adopts high density polyethylene (HDPE) material; Described loaded filter is arranged on the native lower box part of described flexibility, and described loaded filter is made up of two-layer, and top is the fine sand layer, and the bottom is the graded gravel layer; The centre of loaded filter is provided with collector pipe, even distribution gully-hole on the collector pipe, the collector pipe outside should be wrapped up and is no less than 120 purpose screen packs, collector pipe bottom and flexible native case junction are provided with antipriming, in playing sealing and being connected flexible native case, the effect of Outer Tube, described antipriming 4 is mainly by male joint, female connection, the top rubber cushion, the bottom rubber cushion, upper metal pad and lower metal pad are formed, around reaching, the bottom of lower metal pad adopt thickening layer to prevent the perforate distortion, thickening layer is 1 layer or 2 hdpe layers (HDPE) material, the area of thickening layer is not less than 5 times of perforated area, prevent that the perforate distortion from causing leaking, thickening layer adopts plastic cement and flexible native case bonding, at the native case of flexibility, plastic cement is evenly smeared in the thickening layer and the female connection outside; Described antipriming bottom is connected with drainpipe, and drainpipe connects sump, and the length of described sump below the junction of described drainpipe and sump should be determined according to the size of water pump or sensor.

Preferably, the thickness of described loaded filter is not less than 30cm.

Preferably, described drainpipe is that level or light grade inclination are laterally installed, and is unimpeded to guarantee draining.

Preferably, the length of described sump below the junction of described drainpipe and sump is not less than 30cm, guarantees the percolating water in timely emptying drainpipe and the loaded filter.

Lysimeter of the present invention, adopt flexible high density polyethylene (HDPE) as waterproof material, build flexible native case, construction is simple with maintenance, and unwatering system is provided with rationally, and guarantee deep percolation water can in time be discharged, and antipriming compact conformation, stagnant water effect is good, installs simply, has significant environmental ecological benefit and economic and social benefits.

Four, description of drawings

Fig. 1 lysimeter floor map.

Fig. 2 lysimeter diagrammatic cross-section.

The thin portion of Fig. 3 antipriming structural representation.

Among the figure, 1 is flexible native case, and 2 is loaded filter, 3 is collector pipe, and 4 is antipriming, and 5 is drainpipe, 6 is sump, and 7 is plastic cement, and 8 is plastic three-way, 9 is male joint, and 10 is female connection, and 11 is the top rubber cushion, 12 is plastic cement, and 13 is the upper metal pad, and 14 is the lower metal pad, 15 is the bottom rubber cushion, and 16 is thickening layer.

Five, embodiment

When the present invention specifically implements, comprise structural design and operational management two parts content.

Described structural design is the condition precedent that ensures lysimeter measuring accuracy, functions of use.The structure of lysimeter of the present invention comprises flexible native case 1, loaded filter 2, collector pipe 3, antipriming 4, drainpipe 5 and sump 6 as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, native case 1 casing of described flexibility adopts high density polyethylene (HDPE) material, play and isolate the inside and outside soil body and waterproof effect, adopt the HDPE flexible material can utilize thermofussion welding knot mode, easy construction, invest less, the 5～10cm that generally will be above the ground level suitable for reading when flexible native case 1 is installed, preventing that rainwater from pouring in down a chimney enters, and soil body basis, flexible native case 1 bottom should be tamped.Flexible native case 1 bottom is provided with the loaded filter 2 that thickness is not less than 30cm, loaded filter 2 generally is made up of two-layer, top is the fine sand layer, and the bottom is the graded gravel layer, and the anti-effect of filtering is better, be used for tackling the soil coarse particle of percolating water, the centre of loaded filter 2 is provided with collector pipe 3, even distribution gully-hole on the collector pipe 3, and collector pipe 3 outsides should be wrapped up and are no less than 120 purpose screen packs, be used for filtering the soil fine grained of percolating water, the water after the filtration enters pipeline and is convenient to efflux.Collector pipe 3 bottoms and flexible native case 1 junction are provided with antipriming 4, antipriming 4 is mainly by male joint 9, female connection 10, top rubber cushion 11 and bottom rubber cushion 15, upper metal pad 13 and lower metal pad 14 are formed, thickening layer 16 is 1 layer or 2 hdpe layers (HDPE) material, the thickening layer area is not less than 5 times of perforated area, prevent that mainly the perforate distortion from causing leaking, thickening layer adopts plastic cement 12 and flexible native case 1 bonding, at the native case 1 of flexibility, thickening layer 16, plastic cement 12 is evenly smeared in the outsides such as female connection 10, plays the effect to the whole sealing in antipriming 4 outsides.Antipriming 4 bottoms are connected with drainpipe 5, drainpipe 5 is generally level or light grade inclination is laterally installed, unimpeded to guarantee draining, drainpipe 5 connects sump 6, sump 6 can adopt making such as plastic round tube or steel pipe, and diameter generally is not less than 160mm, and the length of described sump 6 below the junction of described drainpipe 5 and sump 6 should be determined according to the size of water pump or sensor, generally be not less than 30cm, guarantee the percolating water in timely emptying drainpipe 5 and the loaded filter 2.Utilize water pump from sump 6, regularly to extract leakage water, utilize the dynamic change of monitoring soil moisture instrument monitoring soil case moisture, calculate crop wager requirements by water balance method.

Lysimeter of the present invention is that with the existing lysimeter function key distinction native box material, inner structure are obviously different, and antipriming compact conformation, stagnant water effect is good, install simple, thereby measuring accuracy root height, the investment more economize, construct easier, both be suitable for various crops, the research of greening seedling water consumption rule, compared, can save investment more than 80% with existing lysimeter.

Described operational management is mainly draining, gage work.Accuracy requirement according to testing requirements is provided with reasonable water discharge time at interval, in time gets rid of the percolating water in the sump 6, and measures the water yield, is used for soil body water balance and calculates, and calculates the plant water consumption.

Claims

1. a lysimeter comprises flexible native case (1), loaded filter (2), collector pipe (3), antipriming (4), drainpipe (5) and sump (6); Wherein, the native case of described flexibility (1) casing adopts high density polyethylene (HDPE) material; Described loaded filter (2) is arranged on the native case of described flexibility (1) bottom, and described loaded filter (2) is made up of two-layer, and top is the fine sand layer, and the bottom is the graded gravel layer; The centre of loaded filter (2) is provided with collector pipe (3), and collector pipe (3) is gone up even distribution gully-hole, and collector pipe (3) outside should be wrapped up and is no less than 120 purpose screen packs; Collector pipe (3) bottom and flexible native case (1) junction are provided with antipriming (4), in playing sealing and being connected flexible native case (1), the effect of Outer Tube, described antipriming (4) is mainly by male joint (9), female connection (10), top rubber cushion (11), bottom rubber cushion (15), upper metal pad (13) and lower metal pad (14) are formed, around reaching, the bottom of lower metal pad (14) adopt thickening layer (16) to prevent the perforate distortion, thickening layer (16) is 1 layer or 2 hdpe layers (HDPE) material, the area of thickening layer (16) is not less than 5 times of perforated area, prevent that the perforate distortion from causing leaking, thickening layer (16) adopts plastic cement (12) and flexible native case (1) bonding, at the native case of flexibility (1), plastic cement (12) is evenly smeared in the thickening layer (16) and female connection (10) outside; Described antipriming (4) bottom connects described drainpipe (5), and drainpipe (5) connects sump (6), and the length of described sump (6) below the junction of described drainpipe (5) and sump (6) should be determined according to the size of water pump or sensor.

2. lysimeter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the thickness of described loaded filter (2) is not less than 30cm.

3. lysimeter according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described drainpipe (5) is for level or the installation of light grade inclination laterally, and is unimpeded to guarantee draining.

4. lysimeter according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the length of described sump (6) below the junction of described drainpipe (5) and sump (6) is not less than 30cm, guarantees the percolating water in timely emptying drainpipe (5) and the loaded filter (2).