CN101788310B - Fiber bragg grating track sensing system based on optical code division multiple access technique - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber bragg grating track sensing system based on an optical code division multiple access technique. An encoding optical pulse emitted by a broadband light source under the control of a control and analysis unit enters a plurality of sensing fiber bragg grating arrays arranged along a track through an optical isolation unit, the reflected light of the fiber bragg grating arrays enters a modulating circuit in an electrical signal mode for I-V conversion and voltage amplification after entering a photoelectric receiving unit through an optical filter, and a digital-to-analog converter samples the amplified voltage signals to convert the voltage signals to digital signals and then transmitting the digital signals to the control and analysis unit for analysis so that the modulation result of the measured physical quantity is obtained; and the used encoding sequence and the length and the bit time slots thereof are stored by the control and analysis unit. Compared with the sensing system using the traditional fiber bragg grating network multiplexing technique, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, flexible networking, greatly increased multiplexing quantity, high modulating speed and the like and is especially suitable for the quasi-distribution type measurement of a plurality of physical quantities in the large range of track traffic line.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in track traffic (railway traffic, city underground traffic, light rail transit, mine rail traffic) to use the fiber grating sensing system of optical code division multiple access technique (OCDMA) to realize monitoring to rail temperature, pressure or strain information.
Background technology
Fiber grating (or claiming Fiber Bragg Grating, Fiber Bragg Grating-FBG) is a big focus of present sensory field research and application.Compare with conventional sensing technology, fiber-optic grating sensor have anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) and atomic radiation, in light weight, volume is little, the performance of insulation, numerous excellences such as high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, more and more is subjected to the favor of special occasions or severe environment applications.Fiber-optic grating sensor has been widely used in civil engineering work (bridge, mine, tunnel, dam and buildings etc.), Aero-Space, ocean, medical science, electric power, field of petrochemical industry, and correlation technique is more and more ripe.Fiber grating is particularly suitable in abominable track traffic environment realizing the quasi-distributed measurement to a plurality of physical quantitys.
The heat transfer agent of fiber grating adopts Wavelength-encoding, how to tell the position of grating in the quasi-distributed fiber grating sensor-based system and check moving of grating foveal reflex wavelength, promptly multiplexing the and demodulation techniques of grating are the focuses of current research in the sensor fibre grating array.Engineering also presses for the multiplexing and demodulation techniques of a kind of simple and easy to do high-capacity optical fiber grating in using.The multiplex mode that at present the most basic quasi-distributed optical fiber sensor-based system adopts wavelength-division multiplex (WDM) is realized demodulation to a plurality of fiber gratings in conjunction with the demodulation techniques of length scanning.The quantity of multiplexing fiber-optic grating in the wavelength-division multiplex sensing network depends primarily on the dynamic range of the spectral width and the measured physical quantity of light source.Centre wavelength between general each fiber grating should be not less than 3nm at interval, and the light source light spectrum bandwidth is 30-80nm.Wave division multiplex mode generally adopts the series network structure, and the fiber grating in the network lays respectively in the different wavelength intervals, and the bandwidth non-overlapping copies of each grating the cross-talk phenomenon can not occur, and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of system is very high, and the utilization ratio of light source power is also very high.Adopt separately the grating quantity still limited (being generally about 16 gratings) that wave division multiplex mode can be multiplexing, in quasi-distributed measurement, need tens of and even hundreds of sensing points are monitored, often space division multiplexing (SDM) and wavelength-division multiplex (WDM) are combined in actual the use and just constituted the raster grid of SDM/WDM mixing, adopt star network topology, several wavelength-division multiplex (WDM) network couples together by photoswitch, adopts the mode of poll respectively the grating in each WDM network to be carried out Wavelength demodulation.The quantity that can take grating in the SDM/WDM hybrid network is directly proportional with WDM the number networks of parallel connection in theory without limits.And can avoid a fibercuts to cause whole network paralysis.But the demodulation speed of total system can reduce (F.Ye along with the increase of WDM network in parallel, L.Qian, Y.Liu, and B.Qi, " Using Frequency-Shifted Interferometer for Multiplexing a Fiber BraggGrating Array ", IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett., vol.20, no.17, pp.1488-1490,2008).In addition, common grating multiplex technique also has: (1) subcarrier frequency multiplexing technique: use bandpass filter to distinguish the grating (P.K.C.Chan that is modulated by the different modulating frequency subcarriers, et al, " Switched FDM operation of fiber Bragggrating sensors using subcarrier intensity modulation ", SPIE, 1998,3330:237), the reusable grating quantity of this method is unrestricted in theory, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is also very high, but the utilization factor of system reduces with the increase of multiplexing quantity, and demodulation rate also descends thereupon; (2) optical frequency territory reflection multiplex technique: light source is carried out the intensity modulated that frequency changes by triangulated linear, with new back after the optical grating reflection light opto-electronic conversion and the original triangular signal generation beat signal that multiplies each other, utilize the difference of beat frequency to distinguish the grating (P.K.C.Chan at diverse location place, W.Jin, J.M.Gong, and M.S.Demean, " Multiplexing of fiberBragg grating sensors using an FMCW technique ", IEEE PhotonicsTechnol.Lett., vol.11, pp.1470-1472, Nov.1999); (3) based on the multiplex technique of spectrometer: after the reflected light of multiplexing grating entered the spectrometer of being made up of diffraction grating and ccd array, reflected light can be distinguished different gratings with this because of the different diverse locations that be diffracted into ccd array of wavelength.This method response speed is fast, antijamming capability is strong, shortcoming is to be operated in the 980nm wave band, the incompatible main at present 1310nm that uses, light (the G.Atkins of 1550nm wave band, M.A.Putnam, E.J.Friable, " Instrumentation for interrogatingmany-element fiber Bragg grating arrays embedded in fiber/resincomposites ", SPIE, Smart Sensing Processing and Instrumentation, 1995:257-266); (4) time-division multiplex technology (TDM): utilize the time delay difference of the optical grating reflection light existence at diverse location place on the same optical fiber to distinguish different grating (R.S.Weis, A.D.Kersey, and T.A.Berkoff, " A four-element fiber grating sensor arraywith phase-sensitive detection; " IEEE Photonics Technol.Lett., vol.6, no.12, pp.1469-1472, Dec.1994).Adopt the series connection topology, power utilization is very high, but along with the increase signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of multiplexing raster count descends, demodulation speed also descends thereupon.
Wavelength-division multiplex technique is the basis that constitutes large-scale grating sensing network, but the restriction that is subjected to light source bandwidth and measured physical quantity dynamic range multiplexing grating limited amount on simple optical fiber.In order further to improve the multiplexing ability of grating on the simple optical fiber, must improve the band efficiency of raster grid, the grating dense wave division multipurpose scheme of employing CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) can improve the multiplexing quantity of grating of simple optical fiber greatly.Adopt the optical fiber sensing system of optical code division multiple access technique to use the auto-correlation demodulation techniques from the mixed signal that grating array returns, to extract the signal of specific grating, allow the grating reflection spectrum to overlap each other, thereby do not need bandwidth granularity to make multiplexing tens up to a hundred the gratings of simple optical fiber, realized dense wave division multipurpose grating; The auto-correlation demodulation techniques can effectively suppress Gaussian noise in addition, have greatly improved the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of transducing signal.Optical code division multiple access technique combines with intensity demodulation technology based on edge filter and has high demodulation speed (H.Huan, C.Lu, P.K.A.Wai, H.Y.Tam, " Large-scale FBG sensorsutilizing code division multiplexing ", 2008, CLEO/QELS 2008).
In track traffic, need arrange that at track diverse location along the line place a large amount of sensor fibre gratings constitutes quasi-distributed sensor-based system, come real-time monitor temperature, pressure or strain information (H.Y.Fu, H.L.Liu, H.Y.Tam, P.K.A.Wai, " Long-distance andquasi-distributed FBG sensor system using a SOA based ring cavityscheme ", OSA 1-55752-830-6).Traditional grating multiplexed network is limited by multiplexing quantity and conciliates the speed governing degree, can't satisfy field of track traffic on a large scale, the requirement of the quasi-distributed sensing network system of high demodulation speed.
Summary of the invention
Therefore purpose of the present invention combines optical code division multiple access technique (OCDMA) and edge filter demodulation method exactly, construct the especially quasi-distributed fiber grating sensor-based system of high-speed rail transportation of a kind of suitable track traffic, compare application number and be that disclosed system does not need the mechanical tuning device in 200820109965.4 the application for patent, demodulation speed improves greatly, and cost reduces.Satisfy to train positioning the demand of many reverse side such as rail temperature strain measurement.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Fiber bragg grating track sensing system based on optical code division multiple access technique, the coded light pulses process optical isolator element (103) of wideband light source (101) emission enters several sensor fibre grating array (104) along orbital arrangement, and the reflected light of optical fiber optical grating array enters photoelectricity receiving element (106) back through an optical filter (102) and enters control analysis unit (107) in the electric signal mode; Code used sequence and length thereof, bit time slots were stored and controlled described wideband light source emission by the control analysis unit encoded light arteries and veins is the light pulse signal that obtains after modulation module uses the specific coding sequence that the continuous light of wideband light source output is encoded.
Compare with the sensor-based system that uses traditional fiber grating network multiplexing, the present invention is simple in structure, networking flexibility, multiplexing quantity increase greatly, and the demodulation speed advantages of higher is particularly suitable for the quasi-distributed measurement to a plurality of physical parameters in the track traffic on a large scale.
Description of drawings is as follows:
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a control analysis cellular construction composition frame chart of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the invention process example figure.
Optical fiber optical grating array was arranged synoptic diagram when Fig. 4 measured implementing rail temperature strain in the track section for the present invention.
Fig. 5 arranges synoptic diagram for the present invention's optical fiber optical grating array when implementing train meter axle in the track section.
Fig. 6 is the autocorrelation performance of the different coding sequence of the present invention's employing.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is an exemplary device figure of the invention process, wideband light source (ASE or SLED) (101) carries out intensity modulated by modulation module (102) according to specific coded sequence S1, and code used sequence and length thereof, bit time slots are by control analysis unit (107) storage and control.It is relevant with system's demodulation speed that cross-talk behind the length of coded sequence and the auto-correlation computation suppresses effect, generally gets 128 or 256 bit lengths.The coded light pulses of output enters according to the spaced sensor fibre grating array of certain-length (104) through optical circulator (103) (optical isolator element can be that optical circulator also can be that photo-coupler adds optoisolator), and the light of optical fiber optical grating array reflected back carries out intensity demodulation through circulator by edge filter module (105) again.Filtered light pulse signal carries out obtaining after the opto-electronic conversion electric impulse signal by photoelectric conversion unit (106) and passes to control and processing unit (107).The composition structure of control analysis unit as shown in Figure 2, wherein the modulation module in coded sequence controller (201) control chart 1 is modulated broadband light according to the specific coding sequence.Electric pulse amplifies the back through amplifier (202) and becomes digital signal sequences by modulus conversion chip (203).The pulse signal storage that obtains is obtained a sequence S2 identical with coded sequence length.Again S2 is carried out the intensity demodulation result that auto-correlation computation promptly obtains specific grating reflected signal with S1 respectively by the different sequences that (204), (205), (206) back generate respectively.Light pulse is the bit length that S1 carries out displacement from the return time delay that experienced and the ratio of bit time slots of corresponding optical grating reflection.Because adopt the auto-correlation demodulation techniques to distinguish different fiber gratings, the time delay between the adjacent fiber grating must reach a bit time slots of code used sequence.The centre wavelength of used fiber grating can be identical also can be inequality, if centre wavelength has its maximum reflectivity of identical person must be much smaller than 100%.
During actual enforcement, we verify according to structure shown in Figure 3.Whole experiment device is described below: the coded light pulses process optical isolator element (303) of wideband light source (301) emission under control analysis unit (302) control enters several sensor fibre grating array (304) along orbital arrangement, the reflected light of optical fiber optical grating array enters photoelectricity receiving element (306) back through an optical filter (305) and enters modulate circuit (307) in the electric signal mode and carry out the I-V conversion, voltage amplification is handled, and digital to analog converter (308) is sampled to be converted into to the voltage signal after amplifying and given control analysis unit (302) after the digital signal and analyze the demodulation result that obtains measure physical quantities; Code used sequence and length thereof, bit time slots are stored by control analysis unit (302).
When the present invention implements the quasi-distributed measurement of rail temperature strain to track traffic, optical fiber optical grating array is laid mode as shown in Figure 4, need the position of monitor temperature strain such as railway switch etc. to locate to arrange respectively in orbit with cascade system and can converse the rail temperature strain that grating cloth sets out by fiber grating centre wavelength by fiber grating.
The present invention is when carrying out train meter axle in the track traffic, optical fiber optical grating array is laid mode as shown in Figure 5, at track several meter repacking measuring points is set along the line, arranges sensing grating and temperature compensation grating on each monitoring point respectively.Wherein sensing grating to be pasting or welding manner is arranged in the rail bottom, so that obtain the pulse of meter axle from the train wheel shaft crosses the rail strain information of generation; The temperature compensation grating is used to eliminate the interference of variation of ambient temperature to strain measurement.The actual number of axle-counting points that uses is according to actual flexible configuration.
The present invention adopts intensity demodulation mode based on boundary filter to the demodulation of fiber grating centre wavelength in the sensor fibre grating array.The general bandwidth of the reflection of fiber grating is generally 0.1nm～0.5nm, and the fiber grating reflected light can be considered narrow band light.Use an edge optical filter that the fiber grating reflected light is carried out filtering in the boundary filter module.Filtered light intensity signal provides the information of fiber grating foveal reflex wavelength.The edge optical filter of using must have the light transmission features that is linear dependence in the wavelength coverage of system's full scale with wavelength.The transmission spectrum of edge optical filter is represented with following formula:
F(λ)＝A(λ-λ
0)
Wherein A is a filter slope.Fiber grating reflected light spectral distribution can be approximated to be gaussian-shape, and establishing its centre wavelength is λ
B, bandwidth is Δ λ, can be expressed as through the light intensity after the edge optical filter:
I wherein
0Be the fiber grating intensity of reflected light, when fiber grating is a constant by the decision of fiber grating reflectance spectrum in the flat region of wideband light source spectral distribution.Work as central wavelength lambda
BDuring variation, I is linear change.Operable edge optical filter kind has fiber grating, FP wave filter, long period fiber grating (LFBG) etc. in the edge optical filter module.
The intensity demodulation mode that adopts edge optical filter is to temperature, and pressure or strain detect to have simple in structurely, and cost is low, and high demodulation speed etc. are advantage significantly.Intensity demodulation and optical code division multiple access technique are combined the distributed sensing system that can obtain in a kind of suitable track traffic to a plurality of physical quantity high speed measurement requirement.Reflected light at each fiber grating of photoelectricity receiver module is superimposed and can't distinguishes, and optical code division multiple access technique can make a distinction the heat transfer agent that is aliasing in together.Still having between each grating sensing signal after the processing exists certain phase mutual interference to be become cross-talk, cross-talk is to be caused by the secondary lobe that spectrum shadow effect between the grating array of cascaded structure and related operation are composed, and uses the centre wavelength of cutting the location grating, increasing between grating can reduce and even eliminate the cross-talk that the spectrum shade causes at interval; The cross-talk that the related operation secondary lobe causes is relevant with code used sequence and length thereof.The autocorrelation performance of different coding sequence respectively as shown in Figure 6.
The sensor fibre grating array can be that a plurality of sensor fibre grating serial or parallel connections are formed.
Compare with the sensor-based system that uses traditional fiber grating network multiplexing, the present invention is simple in structure, networking flexibility, multiplexing quantity increase greatly, and the demodulation speed advantages of higher is particularly suitable for the quasi-distributed measurement to a plurality of physical parameters in the track traffic on a large scale.More worth pointing out and since the present invention institute based on monotechnics all be very ripe (as ASE or SLED light source, photomodulator, FPGA etc.), whole invention practicability is used and popularization does not have problems.
At the real needs of field of track traffic, we underline typical case of the present invention and use:
(1) rail temperature strain monitoring: (Fig. 4)
(2) free time of monitoring track section or switch section with take situation: because the needs of train dispatching, the train that railway section is travelled need carry out locking to be followed the tracks of, and determines to have or not train driving in the interval, to avoid train and comes up with or bump against (Fig. 5).
Location to train on the railway line: in order to improve the efficient of railway dispatching system, need follow the tracks of interior train between the railway degating region, the present invention can obtain information such as interval interior train position and speed, realizes the location (Fig. 5) to train.
Claims (1)
1. based on the fiber bragg grating track sensing system of optical code division multiple access technique, adopt following working method that track a plurality of measurement point physical quantitys along the line are carried out quasi-distributed sensor measuring: the coded light pulses process optical isolator element of wideband light source emission enters several sensor fibre grating array along orbital arrangement, and the reflected light of optical fiber optical grating array enters the control analysis unit in the electric signal mode after entering the photoelectricity receiving element through an optical filter; Code used sequence and length thereof, bit time slots are by storage of control analysis unit and control, and the coded light pulses of described wideband light source emission is the light pulse signal that obtains after modulation module uses the specific coding sequence that the continuous light of wideband light source output is encoded; Described control analysis unit converses grating foveal reflex wavelength according to filtered light intensity, and distinguishes different fiber grating reflection light by same light pulse by delay inequality and related operation that different optical grating reflections in the sensor array cause.
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| CN102175268A (en) * | 2011-01-29 | 2011-09-07 | 西南交通大学 | Quasi-distributed sensor network based on time division multiplex and matched optical fiber grating technology |
| CN103175626A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-26 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Railway rail temperature monitoring system |
| CN102768083A (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2012-11-07 | 曙光信息产业(北京)有限公司 | CPU (central processing unit) temperature detecting device and system for acquiring temperature of CPU by aid of CPU temperature detecting device |
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| SI3069952T1 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2017-08-31 | Thales Deutschland Gmbh | Axle counting method and axle counting device |
| CN106153088B (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2023-09-26 | 东南大学 | Bidirectional Array Fiber Bragg Grating Composite Sensing System |
| CN104833381B (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2017-04-26 | 南京大学 | Large-capacity weak reflection raster sensing apparatus and method based on single photon technology |
| CN109470163B (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-08-28 | 山东航天电子技术研究所 | High-capacity ultrahigh-speed optical fiber sensing device for strain monitoring of spacecraft |
| CN110758474A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-02-07 | 武汉理工大学 | Array grating sensing and cross induction loop combined high-speed magnetic suspension train positioning and speed measuring method |
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