CN101776481A - Identification method of Jingdezhen ancient officialware blue and white porcelain by using chromaticity and density - Google Patents
Identification method of Jingdezhen ancient officialware blue and white porcelain by using chromaticity and density Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the identification field of ancient porcelain, in particular to a technological identification method of Jingdezhen ancient officialware blue and white porcelain by using the chromatometry features of dominant wavelength, excitation purity, and the like of the glaze and colour, the volume density and the like of ancient porcelain. The identification method comprises the steps of: building a database (4) about the chromatometry features of dominant wavelength, excitation purity, and the like of the glaze and colour, and the volume density of the Jingdezhen ancient officialware blue and white porcelain, inducing a regularity of different development stages by mathematical statistics and establishing an identification function (5) of different century accordingly, detecting the chromatometry data (6) and the volume density (7) of any unknown Jingdezhen ancient officialware blue and white porcelain, substituting the detecting data in the identification function and calculating to get the identification result. The invention has the advantages of strict scientificity, wide applicability, accurate result, simple operation, nondestructive identification, satisfies the test and identification on site and has obvious economical and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ancient pottery and porcelain and identify the field, especially utilize colorimetry feature such as the glaze of ancient pottery and porcelain implements and color predominant wavelength, excitation and implements volume density that the outstanding representative Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain of Chinese ancient porcelain is carried out the method that science and technology is identified.
Background technology
In the whole world growing relic collection and auction marketplace, the Chinese pottery collectibles always are focuses of auction marketplace, and auction price is constantly high.Statistical data with global auction marketplace in 2005 is an example, hammer price surpass 2,000 ten thousand pottery just have 30 surplus, Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain has accounted for half wherein, wherein in Christie " Chinese pottery; technology elaboration and the export trade handicraft " auction that a Blue and White Jar in Yuan Dynasty (" terrible millet is gone down the hill ") was held in London in July, 2005, bought by wall street one entrepreneur with more than 2,770 ten thousand dollars (2.3 hundred million yuan of Renminbi) especially, the blue and white the most expensive ceramics in the whole world that becomes of this part Yuan Dynasty, the while has been pushed to Jing Dezhen government porcelain kiln in ancient times blue and white porcelain the teeth of the storm in market.Under the driving of tremendous economic interests, some lawless persons mix the spurious with the genuine or illegally smuggling, to China Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain fake and the phenomenon of smuggling very serious, both impacted market on the one hand, caused enormous economic loss for many mechanisms and individual, simultaneously, it is overseas to make that again the many rare cultural relics of China run off.Therefore identification of means how to set up and improve a cover science becomes the focus of social concerns.
In the last hundred years, people normally judge the age and the kilneye of Chinese ancient porcelain in traditional " order mirror " mode.The main sense organ that relies on the assessor, after having contacted a large amount of ancient pottery and porcelain standards for a long time, the analysis-by-synthesis of process human brain sums up their rules at different kilneyes of each epoch, and these rules also can be referred to as sense of the times.It is a kind of comparatively easy, economic and easily capable authentication method.Yet, owing to surveyor's cultural quality, knowledge, outlook, mind and phychology separately has nothing in common with each other, and the many exquisite part of traditional identification method, often understanding by thinking cannot be explained in words, and lacks objective standard.Especially in the face of " high porcelain modelled after an antique ", usually be " the benevolent see benevolence and the wise see wisdom ", individual subjective consciousness often has material impact to expert's conclusion.Same implements are identified through different assessors, occur distinct conclusion sometimes unexpectedly.In view of this, people are also exploring by means of natural technological means to seek new authentication method when constantly enriching and improving traditional identification method.
Up to now, what the modern science technological means was applied to that ancient pottery and porcelain science and technology differentiates mainly contains two kinds, be respectively thermoluminescence technology and energy dispersion xrf analysis technology: 1) thermoluminescent method can directly record firing the age of pottery, but need sample analysis, implements there is certain destructiveness, be subjected to the different preservation environmental impact of ancient pottery and porcelain very big simultaneously, to can't clearly preserving the implements of environment, its error at measurment is bigger.If pottery to be measured, then more can't be determined the actual of implements through x-ray bombardment or high temperature and fire the age; 2) form the energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) authentication method of Changing Pattern based on ceramic element, also have certain limitation.That is,, the validity of its qualification result will be influenced directly if the element of certain type ancient pottery and porcelain composition does not have the obvious variation rule at any time for different.3) thermoluminescence tester and energy dispersion xrf analysis instrument all exist cost an arm and a leg, not portable, dirigibility is relatively poor, has restricted carrying out of ancient pottery and porcelain evaluation work to a certain extent; Therefore, further replenish and to research and develop new scientific and technological authenticate technology and method extremely urgent.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to deficiency,, research and develop a kind of scientific and technological authentication method of easy, accurate and harmless Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain according to the characteristics of China Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain at present various ancient pottery and porcelain authentication methods.
For realizing such purpose, a kind of method of utilizing colourity and density to identify the Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain true and false that the present invention proposes, by setting up the blue and white enamel of Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln, blue and white colorimetry feature and the integrated data base 4 of implements volume density, it is characterized in that: the Changing Pattern of summarizing its different stages of development through Mathematical Statistics Analysis, and set up corresponding genuine/counterfeit discriminating function 5 in view of the above, wherein:
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty is bright
F＝-0.0408*C
1+6.464*C
2-19.05*C
3+2.504*C
4+226.8*C
5-1131.1
Ming Dynasty mid-term
F＝3.226*C
1-326.9*C
2-261*C
3+2.565*C
4+20.15*C
5-2347.2
Late Ming Dynasty
F＝-1.33*C
1-517.3*C
2+353.4*C
3+2.243*C
4+843.1*C
5-1218.2
The Qing Dynasty is early stage
F＝2.803*C
1-186.8*C
2+58*C
3+5.99*C
4+684.1*C
5-4576.4
Clear middle and advanced stage
F＝1.795*C
1-101.1*C
2+145.7*C
3+1.08*C
4+128.6*C
5-1871.5
C in the function
1, C
2, C
3, C
4, C
5Be respectively predominant wavelength, excitation, the volume density of implements and predominant wavelength, the excitation of blue coloured silk of enamel, for any government porcelain kiln blue-and-white porcelain to be identified, as long as it is carried out corresponding colourmetric data 6 and volume density 7 detections, and bring its data into genuine/counterfeit discriminating function 5 and obtain numerical value F, if F＞0, can judge that then porcelain to be identified is a genuine piece, otherwise be Counterfeit Item.
Above-mentioned a kind of method of utilizing colourity and density to identify the Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain true and false, it is characterized in that: the integrated data base 4 of Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln colorimetry feature and implements volume density comprises glaze predominant wavelength, glaze excitation, blue and white predominant wavelength, blue and white excitation, the volume density of Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain.
Above-mentioned a kind of method of utilizing colourity and density to identify the Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain true and false, it is characterized in that: volume density is measured volume by drainage, calculates after the balance weighing quality.
Begin a large amount of blue and white porcelains of producing in Jing Dezhen from the Yuan Dynasty, because of its high artistic value and technological level very popular, and Yuan Dynasty local authorities establish special porcelain making operated by official bodies mechanism---Fuliang magnetic office at Jing Dezhen head, indicate that the Jing Dezhen kuan yao procelain burns to make historical beginning.Yu Yaochang has more been set up at the Jing Dezhen Pearl Mountain in the Ming Dynasty court of a feudal ruler, makes the production of Chinese government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain progress into a period of great prosperity.Along with the emergence of Jing Dezhen kiln, the influence of blue and white porcelain has fed through to all parts of the country, and the Ming Dynasty begins to become the main flow kind that porcelain is produced.In very long Jing Dezhen government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain sintering procedure, blue and white porcelain body, glaze and blue color composition of raw materials are not unalterable.For example, early stage in the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, what blue and white cobalt material mainly used is " it is numb from green grass or young crops to revive " of import, from bright Xuande to the Qing Dynasty, equality green grass or young crops, turn green, blue and white cobalt material such as stone green grass or young crops, Zhejiang material and the bright material of pearl are used for government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain successively, different blue and white cobalt material, color development have very big difference, as band ash in some blue and white cobalt material color development basket, general purple or the like in some basket.In addition, after the Yuan Dynasty, Jing Dezhen government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain progressively adds porcelain earth in the tire material formula.Equally, be complementary also variation to some extent of the ratio of glaze fruit and glaze ash in the enamel prescription along with the different of the esthetic sentiment of different times, burning process and with the porcelain body performance.Different times, raw material sources and treatment process also are not quite similar.These reasons cause the glaze colours and the volume density of different times Jing Dezhen government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain also to have than big-difference.Thereby, the Jing Dezhen government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain of different times, in glaze, blue and white color, and aspect such as implements volume density all has unique characteristics of the times.Modern imitative product since be difficult at aspects such as tire, glaze and color composition of raw materials and burning process with ancient times genuine piece be consistent, thereby the product of imitating and the glaze colours of genuine piece, blue and white color development and implements density parameter have difference more or less.Extensively gather representative Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain sample, by Modern Scientific Instruments test genuine piece and imitative product glaze and color colourmetric data and volume density, set up Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain colourity and density feature database, utilize multivariate statistical analysis methods analyst test data again, as SPSS, can set up the genuine/counterfeit discriminating function of Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain.Again by measuring porcelain glaze to be identified and color colourmetric data and volume density, promptly utilize little area colour difference meter colourmetric data such as quantitative test porcelain glaze to be identified and color predominant wavelength and excitation respectively.Adopt drainage to measure its volume, its quality that weighs with scale, and then calculate its volume density.Equally, sample is repeatedly measured, and data result is averaged.At last the test data of porcelain to be identified is input in the discriminant function and calculates, provide and identify and differentiate the result.
Compare with existing authentication method technology, the inventive method has advantage:
1) harmless fully to sample;
2) experimental implementation and process are simple;
3) the experimental apparatus price is relatively low and be convenient for carrying, and can satisfy on-the-spot test and evaluation;
4) scientific strong, practical, have extraordinary economic benefit and social benefit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an overview flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the inventive method is further described.
1) gathers a large amount of representative Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain samples 1;
2) utilize little area colour difference meter to record the blue and white data 2 such as tristimulus values, predominant wavelength, excitation and brightness of its enamel and colored drawing place;
3) adopt drainage to measure its volume, and its quality that weighs with scale, and then calculate its volume density 3;
4) set up the comprehensive characteristics database 4 of Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain chroma data and density;
5) Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain colourity and density feature data are carried out multivariate statistical analysis, seek and establish the discriminant function 5 of different times Jing Dezhen government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain; The discriminant function of being set up is as follows: Yuan Dynasty's bright just (Yuan Dynasty is to bright eternally happy)
F＝-0.0408*C
1+6.464*C
2-19.05*C
3+2.504*C
4+226.8*C
5-1131.1
Ming Dynasty mid-term
F＝3.226*C
1-326.9*C
2-261*C
3+2.565*C
4+20.15*C
5-2347.2
Late Ming Dynasty
F＝-1.33*C
1-517.3*C
2+353.4*C
3+2.243*C
4+843.1*C
5-1218.2
The Qing Dynasty is early stage
F＝2.803*C
1-186.8*C
2+58*C
3+5.99*C
4+684.1*C
5-4576.4
Clear middle and advanced stage
F＝1.795*C
1-101.1*C
2+145.7*C
3+1.08*C
4+128.6*C
5-1871.5
C in the function
1, C
2, C
3, C
4, C
5Be respectively predominant wavelength, excitation, the volume density of implements and predominant wavelength, the excitation of blue coloured silk of enamel.
6) utilize little area colour difference meter to record the blue and white data 6 such as tristimulus values, predominant wavelength, excitation and brightness of porcelain glaze to be identified and colored drawing place;
7) adopt drainage to measure the volume of porcelain to be identified, and its quality that weighs with scale, and then calculate its volume density 7;
8) test data 6 and 7 of porcelain to be identified is input in the discriminant function calculates, if result of calculation F＞0 can be judged that then porcelain to be identified is a genuine piece 8, otherwise be Counterfeit Item 9.
At first, utilize little area colour difference meter repeatedly repeated test 2 bottoms have " big bright Xuande year system " back stamp (XD-1, XD-2, blue and white predominant wavelength of blue and white plum vase surface glaze layer and colored drawing place and data such as excitation, get its mean value and list in table 1; Then, adopt the repeatedly volume of these 2 porcelain of replication of drainage, and its quality that weighs with scale, and then calculate its volume density data, the results are shown in table 1:
The blue and white plum vase typical case of 2 " big bright Xuande year system " moneys characteristics of the times parameter value that table 1 is to be identified
Again above-mentioned test result substitution discriminant function is calculated.Result of calculation is:
Discriminant score F=36.4＞0 of XD-1, therefore, it is government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain in bright mid-term for a decidable;
Discriminant score F=-77.7＜0 of XD-2 so decidable is non-big bright Xuande this year system government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain, is imitative product.
As seen, adopt " a kind of method of utilizing colourity and density to identify the Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain true and false " of the present invention can differentiate the true and false of Jing Dezhen government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain in ancient times exactly, have extraordinary social benefit and economic benefit.
Claims (3)
1. method of utilizing colourity and density to identify the Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain true and false, by setting up the blue and white enamel of Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln, blue and white colorimetry feature and the integrated data base (4) of implements volume density, it is characterized in that: the Changing Pattern of summarizing its different stages of development through Mathematical Statistics Analysis, and set up corresponding genuine/counterfeit discriminating function (5) in view of the above, wherein:
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty is bright
F＝-0.0408*C
1+6.464*C
2-19.05*C
3+2.504*C
4+226.8*C
5-1131.1
Ming Dynasty mid-term
F＝3.226*C
1-326.9*C
2-261*C
3+2.565*C
4+20.15*C
5-2347.2
Late Ming Dynasty
F＝-33*C
1-517.3*C
2+353.4*C
3+2.243*C
4+843.1*C
5-1218.2
The Qing Dynasty is early stage
F＝2.803*C
1-186.8*C
2+58*C
3+5.99*C
4+684.1*C
5-4576.4
Clear middle and advanced stage
F＝795*C
1-101.1*C
2+145.7*C
3+1.08*C
4+128.6*C
5-1871.5
C in the function
1, C
2, C
3, C
4, C
5Be respectively predominant wavelength, excitation, the volume density of implements and predominant wavelength, the excitation of blue coloured silk of enamel, for any kiln blue-and-white porcelain to be identified, as long as it is carried out corresponding colourmetric data (6) and volume density detection (7), and bring its data into genuine/counterfeit discriminating function (5) and obtain numerical value F, if F＞0, can judge that then porcelain to be identified is a genuine piece, otherwise be Counterfeit Item.
2. by the described a kind of method of utilizing colourity and density to identify the Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain true and false of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the integrated data base (4) of Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln colorimetry feature and implements volume density comprises glaze predominant wavelength, glaze excitation, blue and white predominant wavelength, blue and white excitation, the volume density of Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain.
3. by the described a kind of method of utilizing colourity and density to identify the Jing Dezhen successive dynasties government porcelain kiln blue and white porcelain true and false of claim 1, it is characterized in that: volume density (7) is measured volume by drainage, calculates after the balance weighing quality.
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| CN102062725A (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2011-05-18 | 西安交通大学 | Non-destructive analysis method for surface pigment characteristics of wall painting in museum |
| CN102456097A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-05-16 | 景德镇陶瓷学院 | Method for identifying authenticity of Jingdezhen plum vases in all ages by utilizing porcelain shape structure digitalization |
| CN104459077A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-03-25 | 中科弘华(北京)文化发展有限公司 | Method for identifying authenticity of black paint ancient bronze mirror according to composition and phase characteristics |
| CN110455803A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-11-15 | 宁夏六维辩证文物鉴定研究所 | A kind of verification retrieval system and identification method |
| CN113292359A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-24 | 景德镇陶瓷大学 | Antique blue and white material, preparation method thereof and antique blue and white porcelain comprising antique blue and white material |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102062725A (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2011-05-18 | 西安交通大学 | Non-destructive analysis method for surface pigment characteristics of wall painting in museum |
| CN102062725B (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2012-07-04 | 西安交通大学 | Non-destructive analysis method for surface pigment characteristics of wall painting in museum |
| CN102456097A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-05-16 | 景德镇陶瓷学院 | Method for identifying authenticity of Jingdezhen plum vases in all ages by utilizing porcelain shape structure digitalization |
| CN102456097B (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2014-08-06 | 景德镇陶瓷学院 | Method for identifying authenticity of Jingdezhen plum vases in all ages by utilizing porcelain shape structure digitalization |
| CN104459077A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-03-25 | 中科弘华(北京)文化发展有限公司 | Method for identifying authenticity of black paint ancient bronze mirror according to composition and phase characteristics |
| CN110455803A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-11-15 | 宁夏六维辩证文物鉴定研究所 | A kind of verification retrieval system and identification method |
| CN113292359A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-24 | 景德镇陶瓷大学 | Antique blue and white material, preparation method thereof and antique blue and white porcelain comprising antique blue and white material |
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