CN101773247B - Flower processing method - Google Patents
Flower processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101773247B CN101773247B CN2010101154920A CN201010115492A CN101773247B CN 101773247 B CN101773247 B CN 101773247B CN 2010101154920 A CN2010101154920 A CN 2010101154920A CN 201010115492 A CN201010115492 A CN 201010115492A CN 101773247 B CN101773247 B CN 101773247B
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- Prior art keywords
- petal
- ginger
- powder
- flowers
- jasmine
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000234314 Zingiber Species 0.000 claims description 47
- 235000006886 Zingiber officinale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 47
- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 claims description 47
- 241000207840 Jasminum Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000010254 Jasminum officinale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001671627 Cestrum diurnum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000163122 Curcuma domestica Species 0.000 description 26
- 235000003373 curcuma longa Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 235000003392 Curcuma domestica Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 235000013976 turmeric Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-FWCWNIRPSA-N 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid Natural products O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@](O)(C(O)=O)C[C@H]1OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CWVRJTMFETXNAD-FWCWNIRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZIRUHCJZBGLDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caffeoylquinic acid Natural products CC(CCC(=O)C(C)C1C(=O)CC2C3CC(O)C4CC(O)CCC4(C)C3CCC12C)C(=O)O PZIRUHCJZBGLDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014375 Curcuma Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-KLZCAUPSSA-N Neochlorogenin-saeure Natural products O[C@H]1C[C@@](O)(C[C@@H](OC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2)[C@@H]1O)C(=O)O CWVRJTMFETXNAD-KLZCAUPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010692 aromatic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-JUHZACGLSA-N chlorogenic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)C[C@@](O)(C(O)=O)C[C@H]1OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CWVRJTMFETXNAD-JUHZACGLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940074393 chlorogenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FFQSDFBBSXGVKF-KHSQJDLVSA-N chlorogenic acid Natural products O[C@@H]1C[C@](O)(C[C@@H](CC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2)[C@@H]1O)C(=O)O FFQSDFBBSXGVKF-KHSQJDLVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001368 chlorogenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BMRSEYFENKXDIS-KLZCAUPSSA-N cis-3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid Natural products O[C@H]1C[C@@](O)(C[C@@H](OC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)cc2)[C@@H]1O)C(=O)O BMRSEYFENKXDIS-KLZCAUPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N curcumin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(\C=C\C(=O)CC(=O)\C=C\C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000576 food coloring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCCETWTMQHEPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-Linolensaeure Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(O)=O VZCCETWTMQHEPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020664 gamma-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCCETWTMQHEPK-QNEBEIHSSA-N gamma-linolenic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O VZCCETWTMQHEPK-QNEBEIHSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002733 gamolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005426 pharmaceutical component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flower processing method, which comprises the following steps: pulverizing flowers into powder, superfine powder or superfine powder with particle size of 60-12000 meshes under the conditions of sealing and temperature of-3-45 ℃, and then storing at normal temperature to-20 ℃. The flower processing method can effectively protect the nutrition, functional components and the like in the flowers, can process the flowers into raw materials or additives for extracting flower essential oil, bioactive components or functional components, or pharmacological components, or preparing health-care food and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of food, cosmetics, medicine health care and the like so as to improve the utilization efficiency and utilization approach of the flowers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to edible and medicinal plant processing technique field, relate to the processing method of flowers.
Background technology
China is with the history of flowers as food and medicinal existing more than one thousand years, because the nutrient composition content of flowers is abundant, also contain various trace elements, bioactivator or functional components etc., thereby has abundant nutrition, health-care efficacy and pharmacological action.Reach in the books such as " health record " ancient times in Shennong's Herbal, Compendium of Material Medica, the medical health care function of various flowers has been done certain record for a long time.Along with the development of China's food industry technology, medical technology and biochemical technology etc., the nutritional labeling of various flowers, functional component, hygiogenesis and pharmacological action etc. are known by people gradually.
China's flower variety is many, the output height.According to statistics, China's flowers artificial cultivation area has reached 6.2 * 10 at present
4Hm
2, annual value of production is above 3,200,000,000 yuan.And China is vast in territory, and Resources of Wild is also very abundant, and these all provide tempting prospect for the development and use of flowers at aspects such as food processings.Flowers are compared with other food resources, growth period is short, fresh flower suffers agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, waste water, exhaust emission light, belongs to " green " raw material that utilizes at aspect developings such as food processings, so utilize fresh flower processing pure natural, pollution-free food etc. with the obvious advantage.The petal of flowers, cane and under ground portion are except that making raw-food material, also can therefrom extract aromatic oil, food coloring, active component and the medicinal ingredient etc. that serve many purposes, new varieties that can be used as food additives etc. are applied to other industries such as food industry, cosmetics and medicine.
At present, flowers food is directly edible or rough processing mostly, and idol utilizes flowers to extract reports such as essential oil in recent years.But the method for known extraction flowers essential oil all is tentatively to pulverize flowers, breaking method is used the common mechanical comminuting method always, and these mechanical crushing methods commonly used often there are the following problems: (1) is owing to contain a large amount of thermally labile functional components in the flowers, as chlorogenic acid, multivitamins such as vitamin C, gamma-Linolenic acid, hepatocuprein and flavonoids or the like are so the heat that is easy to generate in the mechanical crushing process is unfavorable to a large amount of thermally labile functional components that contain in the flowers.(2) be not easy to obtain desirable smashing fineness, active ingredient can not get abundant extraction.And; because the production of most of flowers and gather and have property in season; the scale processing and utilization is subjected to influencing significantly; so the development of the industry of flowers and plants demands urgently flowers are carried out intensive processing, develops the flowers high-quality intensive processing product or the semi-finished product raw material of industries such as can being widely used in the new food of all types of flowers, cosmetics and Medicines and Health Product on a large scale.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, provide a kind of and can protect the nutrition in the flowers and the flowers processing method of functional components effectively.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The processing method of a kind of flowers comprises the steps: to be-3 ℃ in airtight, temperature--under 45 ℃ of conditions, it is 60 orders-12000 purpose powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder that flowers are ground into particle diameter, preserves down to-20 ℃ at normal temperature then.
In the processing method of above-mentioned flowers, described flowers are preferably ginger, Jasmine, turmeric or turmeric.Described flowers are pulverized to petal, cane or the underground stem tuber of flowers are pulverized.
In the processing method of above-mentioned flowers, described flowers are gathered for fine day, clean earlier before pulverizing.
In the processing method of above-mentioned flowers, described flowers are cut into slices before pulverizing and dry, or do not do oven dry and handle.
In the processing method of above-mentioned flowers, it is to adopt commercially available various types of freezing micronizer that described flowers are pulverized.
In the processing method of above-mentioned flowers, during described pulverize or the low temperature during storage by mechanical refrigeration system, or drikold, or liquid nitrogen obtains.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Flowers processing method of the present invention can be protected nutrition in the flowers and functional components etc. effectively; flowers can be processed into and can be used as raw material or the additive that extracts flowers essential oil, bioactive ingredients or functional components or pharmaceutical component or preparation health food etc.; be widely used in fields such as food, cosmetics and medicines and health protection, with the utilization ratio that improves flowers and utilize approach.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The processing method of ginger, its step is as follows:
(1) ginger gathers
Select the fine day ginger petal of gathering, select and do not have mildew and rot ginger petal for processing raw material;
(2) clean
Ginger petal after gathering is in time cleaned, go mud, impurity elimination;
(3) centrifugal dehydration
Ginger petal after cleaning is packed into after mesh bag pricks surely, put into the moisture that the stainless steel link-suspended basket centrifuge is in time sloughed the ginger petal surface;
(4) drying
The ginger petal of having sloughed moisture is dried under 45 ℃ condition;
(5) freezing ultramicro grinding
Adopt freezing micronizer under-10 ℃ the ginger petal to be pulverized, obtaining medium particle diameter is 60 orders-12000 purpose ginger petal powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder;
(6) storage
After ginger petal powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder packing, storage is used for the Development and Production other products at normal temperatures.
Embodiment 2
The processing method of ginger piece root, its step is as follows:
(1) ginger piece root gathers
Select the fine day ginger piece root of gathering, select and do not have mildew and rot ginger piece root for processing raw material;
(2) clean
Ginger piece root after gathering is in time cleaned, go mud, impurity elimination;
(3) centrifugal dehydration
Adopt the stainless steel link-suspended basket centrifuge in time to slough the moisture on ginger piece root surface the ginger piece root after cleaning;
(4) section
The ginger piece undercut of sloughing moisture is become the thick sheet of 1-10mm;
(5) freezing ultramicro grinding
Adopt freezing micronizer under-45 ℃ ginger piece root to be pulverized, obtaining medium particle diameter is 60 orders-12000 purpose ginger piece root ultra-micro powder or powder;
(6) storage
After ginger piece root ultra-micro powder or powder packing,, use for the Development and Production other products-10 ℃ of storages down.
Embodiment 3
The processing method of ginger cane, its step is as follows:
(1) the ginger cane gathers
Select the fine day ginger cane of gathering, the ginger petal is taken be its usefulness in addition earlier, select the mildew and rot ginger cane of nothing for processing raw material;
(2) clean
Ginger cane after gathering is in time cleaned, go mud, impurity elimination;
(3) centrifugal dehydration
Adopt the stainless steel link-suspended basket centrifuge in time to slough the moisture on ginger cane surface the ginger cane after cleaning;
(4) drying
The ginger cane nature airing of moisture will have been sloughed;
(5) chopping
The ginger cane crosscut of sloughing moisture is become the thick sheet of 1-10mm;
(6) freezing ultramicro grinding
Adopt freezing micronizer under-25 ℃ sheet ginger cane to be pulverized, obtaining medium particle diameter is 60 orders-12000 purpose ginger cane low-temperature powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder;
(7) storage
After ginger cane low-temperature powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder packing,, use for the Development and Production other products-10 ℃ of storages down.
Embodiment 4
The processing method of Jasmine, its step is as follows:
(1) Jasmine gathers
Select the fine day Jasmine petal of gathering, select and do not have the Jasmine petal that goes rotten for processing raw material;
(2) clean
Jasmine petal after gathering is in time cleaned, go mud, impurity elimination;
(3) centrifugal dehydration
With the Jasmine petal after cleaning pack into the pore fine mesh bag prick steady after, put into the moisture that the stainless steel link-suspended basket centrifuge is in time sloughed the Jasmine petal surface;
(4) drying
The Jasmine petal of having sloughed moisture is dried under 55 ℃ condition;
(5) freezing ultramicro grinding
Adopt freezing micronizer under-10 ℃ the Jasmine petal to be pulverized, obtaining medium particle diameter is 60 orders-12000 purpose Jasmine petal powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder;
(6) storage
After Jasmine petal powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder packing,, use for the Development and Production other products-10 ℃ of storages down.
Embodiment 5
The processing method of turmeric (Curcuma longa), its step is as follows:
(1) turmeric gathers
Select the fine day turmeric petal of gathering, select and do not have mildew and rot turmeric petal for processing raw material;
(2) clean
Turmeric petal after gathering is in time cleaned, go mud, impurity elimination;
(3) centrifugal dehydration
Turmeric petal after cleaning is packed into after the pore fine mesh bag pricks surely, put into the moisture that the stainless steel link-suspended basket centrifuge is in time sloughed the turmeric petal surface;
(4) freezing ultramicro grinding
Adopt freezing micronizer under-13 ℃ the turmeric petal to be pulverized, obtaining medium particle diameter is 60 orders-12000 purpose turmeric petal powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder;
(5) storage
After turmeric petal powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder packing, storage is used for the Development and Production other products at normal temperatures.
Embodiment 6
The processing method of turmeric (Curcuma longaL.), its step is as follows:
(1) turmeric gathers
Select the fine day turmeric stem tuber of gathering, select and do not have the turmeric stem tuber that goes rotten for processing raw material;
(2) clean
Turmeric stem tuber after gathering is in time cleaned, go mud, impurity elimination;
(3) centrifugal dehydration
With the turmeric stem tuber after cleaning pack into mesh bag prick steady after, put into the moisture that the stainless steel link-suspended basket centrifuge is in time sloughed turmeric stem tuber surface;
(4) drying
The turmeric stem tuber nature airing of moisture will have been sloughed;
(5) section
The turmeric stem tuber of sloughing moisture is cut into thick irregularly shaped of 1-10mm;
(6) freezing ultramicro grinding
Adopt freezing micronizer under-25 ℃ the turmeric stem tuber to be pulverized, obtaining medium particle diameter is 60 orders-12000 purpose turmeric stem tuber powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder;
(7) storage
After turmeric stem tuber powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder packing,, use for the Development and Production other products-5 ℃ of storages down.
Claims (2)
1. the processing method of flowers is characterized in that described flowers are ginger, and the step of processing method is as follows:
(1) ginger gathers
Select the fine day ginger petal of gathering, select and do not have mildew and rot ginger petal for processing raw material;
(2) clean
Ginger petal after gathering is in time cleaned, go mud, impurity elimination;
(3) centrifugal dehydration
Ginger petal after cleaning is packed into after mesh bag pricks surely, put into the moisture that the stainless steel link-suspended basket centrifuge is in time sloughed the ginger petal surface;
(4) drying
The ginger petal of having sloughed moisture is dried under 45 ℃ condition;
(5) freezing ultramicro grinding
Adopt freezing micronizer under-10 ℃ the ginger petal to be pulverized, obtaining medium particle diameter is 60 orders～12000 purpose ginger petal powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder;
(6) storage
After ginger petal powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder packing, storage is used for the Development and Production other products at normal temperatures.
2. the processing method of flowers is characterized in that described flowers are Jasmine, and the step of processing method is as follows:
(1) Jasmine gathers
Select the fine day Jasmine petal of gathering, select and do not have the Jasmine petal that goes rotten for processing raw material;
(2) clean
Jasmine petal after gathering is in time cleaned, go mud, impurity elimination;
(3) centrifugal dehydration
With the Jasmine petal after cleaning pack into the pore fine mesh bag prick steady after, put into the moisture that the stainless steel link-suspended basket centrifuge is in time sloughed the Jasmine petal surface;
(4) drying
The Jasmine petal of having sloughed moisture is dried under 55 ℃ condition;
(5) freezing ultramicro grinding
Adopt freezing micronizer under-10 ℃ the Jasmine petal to be pulverized, obtaining medium particle diameter is 60 orders～12000 purpose Jasmine petal powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder;
(6) storage
After Jasmine petal powder, ultra-micro powder or ultrafine powder packing,, use for the Development and Production other products-10 ℃ of storages down.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010101154920A CN101773247B (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2010-02-26 | Flower processing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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| CN2010101154920A CN101773247B (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2010-02-26 | Flower processing method |
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| CN101773247A CN101773247A (en) | 2010-07-14 |
| CN101773247B true CN101773247B (en) | 2013-07-31 |
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| CN2010101154920A Expired - Fee Related CN101773247B (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2010-02-26 | Flower processing method |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20110195139A1 (en) | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-11 | Development Center For Biotechnology | Use of overground part of hedychium coronarium koenig in reducing blood glucose; extracts and compositions of overground part of hedychium coronarium koenig and their uses |
| CN102160889B (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2013-05-15 | 财团法人生物技术开发中心 | Extract, composition, and use of overground part of hedychium coronarium koenig |
| CN103113991A (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2013-05-22 | 广州联丰香料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of ginger flower peakodor |
| CN105166883B (en) * | 2015-07-18 | 2019-08-23 | 云南中医学院 | Phyllanthus embical fruit tablet and preparation method thereof |
| CN107668715A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-09 | 徐州绿之野生物食品有限公司 | A kind of food additives with regulation blood glucose effect and application |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1785067A (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2006-06-14 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for producing solid beverage of rape flower |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1785067A (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2006-06-14 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for producing solid beverage of rape flower |
Non-Patent Citations (14)
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