CN101760214B - Eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor - Google Patents

Eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101760214B
CN101760214B CN2010100195213A CN201010019521A CN101760214B CN 101760214 B CN101760214 B CN 101760214B CN 2010100195213 A CN2010100195213 A CN 2010100195213A CN 201010019521 A CN201010019521 A CN 201010019521A CN 101760214 B CN101760214 B CN 101760214B
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reactor
biomass
shell
ectosome
endosome
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2010100195213A
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CN101760214A (en
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胡青春
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

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Abstract

The invention discloses an eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor. An outer body of the reactor has a cone-shaped or cylinder-shaped cavity; an inner body of the reactor is arranged in the outer body of the reactor and has a cone-shaped or cylinder-shaped cavity, the outer body of the reactor is arranged in a shell and fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the shell; the upper end of the shell is provided with a cover plate, and a heating pipe is arranged between the outer surface of the outer body of the reactor and the shell; a biomass feeding port is arranged between the inner body of the reactor and the outer body of the reactor; and the inner body of the reactor is connected with a rotary shaft by threads, the rotary center of the rotary shaft deflects from the geometric center line of the inner body of the reactor, and the offset is one fourth to half of the maximum diameter difference between the outer body of the reactor and the inner body of the reactor. The heat energy is directly transferred to the biomass by the inner body of the reactor and the outer body of the reactor, so that the heat loss is reduced, the difficulty in removing impurities from the biomass after gasification and before condensation is lowered, and the continuous production of the equipment is guaranteed.

Description

A kind of eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biomass fast pyrolysis equipment, specifically refer to structural principle and the process characteristic of eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor.
Background technology
Obtaining oil plant from biomass is that economy saves trouble again, and compares with other energy, and have many advantages: raw material is green plants, wide material sources; Can obtain the higher byproduct of economic worth, improve Households' income; With respect to fossil fuel, plant fuel is stored, is transported and uses all very safe, calorific value high (generally can reach fossil fuel oil 80%), renewable (annual energy crop can be planted results year after year, and perennial xylophyta can be kept the economic utilization phase of many decades).
Eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor is under anaerobic or anoxia condition, utilizes high temperature to make chemical bond fracture in the biomass macromole, discharges the equipment of organic volatile part.This equipment can be take continuous technique and the industrialized mode of production with Wood Adhesives from Biomass as high-grade easy storage, easily transportation, energy density is high and liquid fuel one bio oil easy to use, it not only can be directly used in the burning of the equipment such as existing boiler and gas turbine, and can by further processing modified for diesel oil or gasoline are used as power fuel, can therefrom extract the Chemicals with commercial value in addition.
Reactor is the main device of pyrolysis, and the necessary rate of heating of this device is fast, is generally 1000 ℃/S; Temperature of reaction is medium, generally is lower than 600 ℃; The gas phase residence time is short, is generally less than 1s;
At present, biomass through pyrolysis reactor both domestic and external, mainly the hot mode that is subjected to by biomass is divided three classes:
1. mechanical contact reactor: the common ground of this class reactor is directly or indirectly directly to contact with biomass by a scorching hot reactor surface, thereby heat is delivered to biomass and makes its high-speed heating reach fast pyrolysis.Common are heat of ablation cracking reactor, silk screen pyrolysis reactor, rotating cone pyrolysis reactor.
2. indirect type reactor: the principal character of this class reactor is to provide biomass through pyrolysis institute heat requirement by the surface of a high temperature or thermal source, and it mainly carries out the heat transmission by thermal radiation.Common thermobalance can belong to this type of reactor.
3. mixing reactor: mainly by hot gas flow or gas-solid multiphase flow biomass are accelerated fast, the mode that plays leading heat transmission is mainly convective heat exchange, but thermal radiation and thermal conduction also be can not ignore sometimes, common are fluidized-bed reactor, quick injection bed bioreactor, circulating fluid bed reactor.
At present, carry out relatively manyly for the work of the reactor of the first kind and the 3rd class, and make some progress.The pyrolysis reactor that biomass can be heated continuously and in high speed is rare but at present.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention for overcoming now methodical deficiency, provides a kind of thermal exchange thorough exactly, and thermo-efficiency is high, is applicable to the quantity-produced production unit.
Purpose of the present invention realizes by following method:
A kind of eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor comprises support, shell, gate, feeding body, feed bin, reactor ectosome, reactor endosome, turning axle and cover plate; The reactor ectosome is conical cavity or cylindrical cavity; Reactor ectosome inside is provided with the reactor endosome, and the reactor endosome is conical cavity or cylindrical cavity, and the reactor ectosome is positioned at shell, and the reactor ectosome is fixed on the bottom surface of shell; The upper end of shell is provided with cover plate, is provided with heating tube between the outer external surface of reactor and the shell; Be provided with the biomass charging opening between reactor endosome and the reactor ectosome; The reactor endosome is threaded connection turning axle, the rotation center of turning axle departs from reactor endosome geometric center lines, amount of bias is the 1/4-1/2 of reactor ectosome and reactor endosome maximum diameter difference, turning axle is fixed on the support by bearing, be provided with the lock packing bar between reactor ectosome and the cover plate, be provided with sealing cover between turning axle and the cover plate; In the reactor inner coelom, be provided with heating tube; Turning axle is connected with motor by driving chain, driving chain wheel, speed reduction unit; Form the first collecting chamber between the bottom surface of reactor ectosome lower end and shell; Cover plate and reactor ectosome upper end forms the second collecting chamber, the thermal cracking gas transfer lime respectively with the first collecting chamber be connected collecting chamber and be connected, the thermal cracking gas transfer lime also is connected with cyclonic separator, cyclonic separator is connected with condenser.
For further realizing the object of the invention, described biomass charging opening upper end is provided with capable of opening and closing gate, the gate upper end is connected with the feeding body with feed bin respectively, feeding body rear end is provided with pusher right cylinder and pusher cylinder successively, gate is connected with the gate cylinder, the gate cylinder is fixed on the feeding body by the gate gas jar support, and the motion of pulling gate.
Lagging material is equipped with in outside at shell, and lagging material is fixed on the support.
The outer external surface of described reactor and shell also are provided with the heating fused salt; Also be provided with the heating fused salt in the described reactor inner coelom.
Described turning axle upper end is provided with counterbalance weight, the rotation of balanced reaction device endosome.
Be arranged in the heating power supply thread casing at described heating tube and supply lead, the heating power supply thread casing is positioned at turning axle, and the heating power supply thread casing is fixed on the support by casing support.
Explosion-proof equipment is safety valve, is separately positioned on the bottom surface and cover plate of shell, and its endoporus communicates with two collecting chambers, plays explosion-proof.
With respect to prior art, the present invention has following advantage and beneficial effect:
(1) mainly by salt bath liquation or the interior ectosome of Resistant heating reactor of high temperature, rate of heating is (liquid fused salt thermal conductivity is large) soon in the present invention, homogeneous heating, and temperature control precision is high.By ectosome in the reactor directly with the heat transferred biomass, change the at present most employing of equipment both at home and abroad and heat first heat-conducting medium (such as the grains of sand), then by transmission medium (such as nitrogen) heat-conducting medium is mixed with biomass and carry out unit construction principle and the technology mode that heat transmits, reduce the impurity separating difficulty before the condensation behind thermal losses and the gasifying biomass, for the continuous production of equipment provides assurance.
When (2) biomass are heated between ectosome in reactor, by eccentric reactor endosome rotation, keep from big to small constantly variation of ectosome radius clearance in the reactor, add biomass material from the gap maximum, along with eccentric reactor endosome rotation, the gasification of under the intermediate material extruding, being heated first of the biomass of being close to ectosome in the reactor, under the promotion of rotation endosome, be subject to successively the heat conduction of ectosome in the reactor away from the part biological matter of ectosome in the reactor, move in circles, can fully realize the biomass gasification of all being heated, be the condition of having created of producing continuously.This kind principle mode can accelerated heat in the reactor ectosome guarantee the biomass rapid heating to the conduction of biomass.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
For further understanding the present invention, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but the scope of protection of present invention is not limited to embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor comprises support 1, heating tube 2, lagging material 3, shell 4, gate 5, feeding body 6, pusher right cylinder 7, pusher cylinder 8, feed bin 9, gate gas jar support 10, gate cylinder 11, heating power supply thread casing 12, heating tube and supply lead 13, casing support 14, bearing (ball) cover 15, bearing support 16, bearing 17, sealing cover 18, driving chain 19, driving chain wheel 20, speed reduction unit 21, motor 22, thermal cracking gas transfer lime 23, lock packing bar 24, reactor ectosome 25, explosion-proof equipment 26, reactor endosome 27, biomass 28, heating fused salt 29, counterbalance weight 30, turning axle 31, screw 32 and cover plate 33.
Reactor ectosome 25 is conical cavity, and reactor ectosome 25 also can be cylindrical cavity as required; Reactor ectosome 25 inside are provided with reactor endosome 27, and reactor endosome 27 is conical cavity or cylindrical cavity, and reactor ectosome 25 is positioned at shell 4, and reactor ectosome 25 is fixed on the bottom surface of shell 4; The upper end of shell 4 is provided with cover plate 33, and cover plate 33 usefulness screws 32 are fixed on the shell 4.Be provided with heating tube 2 between reactor ectosome 25 outside surfaces and the shell 4, also preferably be provided with heating fused salt 29, lagging material 3 is equipped with in the outside of shell 4, and is fixed on the support 1; Be provided with the biomass charging opening between reactor endosome 27 and the reactor ectosome 25, biomass charging opening upper end is provided with capable of opening and closing gate 5, are connected with the feeding body with feed bin 9 respectively and are connected in gate 5 upper ends, feeding body 6 rear ends are provided with pusher right cylinder 7 and pusher cylinder 8 successively, gate 5 is connected with gate cylinder 11, gate cylinder 11 is fixed on the feeding body 6 by gate gas jar support 10, and 5 motions of pulling gate, and gate 5 has heat-blocking action.Reactor endosome 27 is threaded connection on turning axle 31, the rotation center of turning axle 31 departs from reactor endosome 27 geometric center lines, the required charging opening size of production efficiency is satisfied in the general consideration of offset A value, the reactor diameter size, biomass heat-up time etc., generally get the 1/4-1/2 of the difference of reactor ectosome 25 and reactor endosome 27 maximum diameters, turning axle 31 is by bearing 17, bearing support 16 and bearing (ball) cover 15 are fixed on the support 1, be provided with lock packing bar 24 between reactor ectosome 25 and the cover plate 33, be provided with sealing cover 18 between turning axle 31 and the cover plate 33, realize the sealing of shell 4 with sealing cover 18 and lock packing bar 24; In reactor endosome 27 chambeies, be provided with heating tube and supply lead 13, also preferably be provided with the heating fused salt in reactor endosome 27 chambeies; Turning axle 31 is connected with motor 22 by driving chain 19, driving chain wheel 20, speed reduction unit 21; Drive by motor 22, speed reduction unit 21, driving chain wheel 20, driving chain 19, turning axle 31 rotations, realization response device endosome 27 relative response device ectosomes 25 are done the eccentric rotary motion; Turning axle 31 upper ends are provided with counterbalance weight 30, play poising action during for 27 rotation of reactor endosome.Heating tube and supply lead 13 are arranged in the heating power supply thread casing 12, and heating power supply thread casing 12 is positioned at turning axle 31, and heating power supply thread casing 12 is fixed on the support 1 by casing support 14.
Form the first collecting chamber between the bottom surface of reactor ectosome 25 lower ends and shell 4; Cover plate 33 forms the second collecting chamber with reactor ectosome 25 upper ends, thermal cracking gas transfer lime 23 respectively with the first collecting chamber be connected collecting chamber and be connected, thermal cracking gas transfer lime 23 also is connected with cyclonic separator 34, cyclonic separator 34 is connected with condenser 35,36.Biomass through pyrolysis product (thermal cracking gas) enters respectively the first collecting chamber and the second collecting chamber by hole B, enter subsequently thermal cracking gas transfer lime 23, after isolating coke M with cyclonic separator 34, obtain bio oil N and non-condensable gases L by condenser 35,36, wherein condensable gases L not can be used for toasting biomass.
Explosion-proof equipment 26 is safety valve, is separately positioned on the bottom surface and cover plate 33 of shell 4, and its endoporus communicates with two collecting chambers, plays explosion-proof, and when the pressure in the collecting chamber during greater than safe pressure, valve is namely open-minded.
Biomass are by feed bin 9, feeding body 6 and pull open gate 5, promote pusher right cylinder 7 by pusher cylinder 8 biomass are pushed between reactor endosome 27 and the reactor ectosome 25.Because reactor ectosome 25 is made eccentric rotary, therefore, each reinforced can only carrying out when reactor ectosome 25 rotates to position shown in Figure 1 namely can only the interval charging.Simultaneously because reactor ectosome 25 is made eccentric rotary, make biomass when being heated, be subject to simultaneously the roll extrusion of ectosome in the reactor, accelerated heat ectosome in the reactor guarantees the biomass rapid heating to the conduction of biomass.

Claims (6)

1. an eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor is characterized in that: comprise support, shell, gate, feeding body, feed bin, reactor ectosome, reactor endosome, turning axle and cover plate; The reactor ectosome is conical cavity or cylindrical cavity; Reactor ectosome inside is provided with the reactor endosome, and the reactor endosome is conical cavity or cylindrical cavity, and the reactor ectosome is positioned at shell, and the reactor ectosome is fixed on the bottom surface of shell; The upper end of shell is provided with cover plate, is provided with heating tube between the outer external surface of reactor and the shell; Be provided with the biomass charging opening between reactor endosome and the reactor ectosome; The reactor endosome is threaded connection turning axle, the rotation center of turning axle departs from reactor endosome geometric center lines, amount of bias is the 1/4-1/2 of reactor ectosome and reactor endosome maximum diameter difference, turning axle is fixed on the support by bearing, be provided with the lock packing bar between reactor ectosome and the cover plate, be provided with sealing cover between turning axle and the cover plate; In the reactor inner coelom, be provided with heating tube; Turning axle is connected with motor by driving chain, driving chain wheel, speed reduction unit; Form the first collecting chamber between the bottom surface of reactor ectosome lower end and shell; Cover plate and reactor ectosome upper end forms the second collecting chamber, the thermal cracking gas transfer lime respectively with the first collecting chamber be connected collecting chamber and be connected, the thermal cracking gas transfer lime also is connected with cyclonic separator, cyclonic separator is connected with condenser.
2. eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described biomass charging opening upper end is provided with capable of opening and closing gate, the gate upper end is connected with the feeding body with feed bin respectively, feeding body rear end is provided with pusher right cylinder and pusher cylinder successively, gate is connected with the gate cylinder, the gate cylinder is fixed on the feeding body by the gate gas jar support, and the motion of pulling gate.
3. eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: lagging material is equipped with in the outside at shell, and lagging material is fixed on the support.
4. each described eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1-3 is characterized in that: the outer external surface of described reactor and shell also are provided with the heating fused salt; Also be provided with the heating fused salt in the described reactor inner coelom.
5. eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with counterbalance weight on the described turning axle, the rotation of balanced reaction device endosome.
6. eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described heating tube and supply lead are arranged in the heating power supply thread casing, the heating power supply thread casing is positioned at turning axle, and the heating power supply thread casing is fixed on the support by casing support.
CN2010100195213A 2010-01-20 2010-01-20 Eccentric biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor Expired - Fee Related CN101760214B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102746868B (en) * 2012-07-10 2014-11-12 河南勃达微波设备有限责任公司 Tire microwave cracking equipment
GB2539108B (en) * 2016-06-10 2017-05-17 Green Made Easy Ltd Pyrolysis device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3605638C2 (en) * 1986-02-21 1994-08-04 Hansa Anlagenbau Gmbh & Co Kg Device for generating gas from biomass
CN1325937A (en) * 2000-05-29 2001-12-12 山东工程学院 Quickly thermolyzing and liquefying apparatus for centrifugal separated biomass
CN201046949Y (en) * 2006-12-13 2008-04-16 北京联合创业建设工程有限公司 Biomass rapid pyrolyzing furnace
CN201165507Y (en) * 2007-12-19 2008-12-17 山东理工大学 Double drum type solid heat carrier biomass pyrolysis reactor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3605638C2 (en) * 1986-02-21 1994-08-04 Hansa Anlagenbau Gmbh & Co Kg Device for generating gas from biomass
CN1325937A (en) * 2000-05-29 2001-12-12 山东工程学院 Quickly thermolyzing and liquefying apparatus for centrifugal separated biomass
CN201046949Y (en) * 2006-12-13 2008-04-16 北京联合创业建设工程有限公司 Biomass rapid pyrolyzing furnace
CN201165507Y (en) * 2007-12-19 2008-12-17 山东理工大学 Double drum type solid heat carrier biomass pyrolysis reactor

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