CN101758203A - Process for smelting and lower-pressure casting of aluminum alloy wheel hub - Google Patents
Process for smelting and lower-pressure casting of aluminum alloy wheel hub Download PDFInfo
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- CN101758203A CN101758203A CN200810172147A CN200810172147A CN101758203A CN 101758203 A CN101758203 A CN 101758203A CN 200810172147 A CN200810172147 A CN 200810172147A CN 200810172147 A CN200810172147 A CN 200810172147A CN 101758203 A CN101758203 A CN 101758203A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006025 fining agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000505 pernicious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 rare earth compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a process for the smelting and low-pressure casting of an aluminum alloy wheel hub, which comprises: 1, putting an aluminum alloy smelting material into a smelting furnace for smelting, and when the temperature in the smelting furnace reaches 740 to 760 DEG C, introducing nitrogen into the smelting furnace to blow a refining agent into the body of the furnace for refining; 2, transferring the molten aluminum alloy to a tundish from the liquid outlet of the smelting furnace, adding an Al-Sr intermediate alloy, mischmetal (Re) and an Al-Zr intermediate alloy into the tundish to perform modification and refinement treatment under a condition of a temperature of 710 to 730 DEG C, and blowing nitrogen to the tundish to perform secondary degassing of the molten aluminum alloy; 3, transferring the molten aluminum alloy in the tundish to a casting holding furnace, adding a slag decomposing agent into the holding furnace to remove slag and blowing nitrogen into the holding furnace to perform tertiary degassing; and 4, pressing the molten aluminum alloy into a mold by a method of prepressing, pressure stabilizing, pressurizing and pressure keeping to perform casting. The process can effectively discharge slag and degas, has excellent modification and refinement effects and contributes to improvement in product quality.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the melting and the low-pressure casting process of aluminum alloy wheel hub.
Background technology:
Aluminium alloy is to be subjected to nonmetal inclusion (AL
2O
3Deng) with one of the most serious metal of hydrogen contamination, so the molten aluminium alloy purified treatment is to improve the important method of alloy property, also is the key that improves the molten aluminium alloy degree of purity.Be accompanied, interact owing to be mingled with hydrogen in the aluminium liquid, these two processes of dehydrogenation and impurities removal are related and are also had any different, and various purification methods all have a kind of main effect, but have another kind of effect concurrently.Therefore, only adopt a kind of technology in the actual production process, it is very difficult simultaneously effectively impurities removal and degasification.
In addition,, only improve aluminium liquid degree of purity level not enough, also need to handle to eliminate the influence of impurity element and thick crystalline structure etc. in the aluminium alloy by rotten and grain refinement by purified treatment for the high-performance aluminium alloy automotive wheel.Wherein:
Rotten mainly is at the eutectic Si in the aluminium alloy, when not rotten, eutectic Si occurs with bodkin shape form, these thick spicules can cause aluminium alloy and crack, thereby make the mechanical properties decrease of aluminium alloy, the processing of going bad can change pattern and the size of eutectic Si, makes eutectic Si be transformed into fine fibre shape or synusia shape by the bodkin shape.The general Sr that adopts is rotten in the industry at present, and Sr is better to the eutectiferous effect of Al-Si, can make eutectic structure be fibrous, but the existence of Sr promotes that aluminium alloy is air-breathing, and pin hole tendentiousness is big, and rotten back aluminium liquid flowability descends to some extent.
Thinning processing not only can crystal grain thinning, makes dense structure, and can alleviate the hot tearing and the segregation tendency of foundry goods, reduces the porosity, thereby significantly improves the mechanical property of aluminium alloy castings.General Al-Ti alloy or the Al-Ti-B alloy grain fining agent of using in the industry.But the phase composition of Al-Ti-B fining agent, form and distribute to the structure of molten aluminium alloy, solidify and factor such as solid-state processing extremely responsive, make tissue morphology and thinning effect bigger difference occur, promptly under identical alloying component and casting technique condition, because the difference of the micro-auxiliary material institutional framework that adopts makes the tissue of aluminum products and performance the fluctuation that is difficult to expect occur, is difficult to control the quality of production of aluminum products.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of melting and low-pressure casting process of improved aluminum alloy wheel hub are provided, it not only can effectively play the effect of deslagging and degasification, improve the degree of purity of molten aluminium alloy, and rotten, good in refining effect, it is air-breathing to reduce alloy, can improve aluminium liquid flowability again, can also guarantee that fluctuation does not appear in THE STRUCTURE OF CASTINGS and performance, improves the quality of product.
Melting and low-pressure casting process according to aluminum alloy wheel hub provided by the invention comprise the steps:
1. the aluminium alloy melt is dropped into smelting furnace and be fused into liquid, when temperature reaches 740～760 ℃ in smelting furnace, by nitrogen refining agent is blown into and carries out refining in the body of heater, remove non-metallic inclusion and gas in the molten aluminium alloy;
2. change molten aluminium alloy over to tundish by the smelting furnace liquid outlet, and under 710～730 ℃ temperature conditions, in tundish, add Al-Sr intermediate alloy, mishmetal (Re) and Al-Zr intermediate alloy, thereby to molten aluminium alloy go bad, thinning processing, simultaneously in tundish, be blown into nitrogen, molten aluminium alloy is carried out the secondary degasification;
3. change molten aluminium alloy in the tundish over to the casting holding furnace, melt temperature is remained between 680～700 ℃, in holding furnace, add simultaneously slagging agent and remove the impurity elimination slag, and in holding furnace, be blown into nitrogen and carry out three degasification;
4. by precompressed, voltage stabilizing, boost, the pressurize four step rule is pressed into mould with molten aluminium alloy and casts, casting time is 3～6 minutes; After treating that molten aluminium alloy solidifies the formation foundry goods, the casting holding furnace is carried out release, and unclamp mould and take out foundry goods, prepare next to operation.
In addition, the present invention also has following attached technical characterictic:
The addition of described Al-Sr intermediate alloy, mishmetal (Re) and Al-Zr intermediate alloy is respectively 0.01%～0.018%, 0.1%～0.3% and 0.01%～0.018% of molten aluminium alloy, and the time rotten, thinning processing is 30～40min.
Described smelting furnace liquid outlet place is provided with the screen pack of being made by foam ceramic material, so that the molten aluminium alloy of coming out of the stove is carried out filter cleaner.
The frequency of refining is 2 hours/time in the described smelting furnace, adds 1～2 kilogram refining agent at every turn.
Employed nitrogen flow is 1.5～3 cubic metres/hour in the degasification each time, and jetting pressure is 0.25～0.35mpa.
Described mould is heated to 250 ℃～290 ℃ before molten aluminium alloy sprays into, and in the certain thickness releasing agent of mould surface spraying.
Described aluminium alloy solution cools off by airduct in casting cycle.
Described preload pressure is 0.2～0.3mpa, and squeeze time is 20ms; Described pressurizer pressure is 0.3～0.4mpa, and the voltage stabilizing time is 10～15ms; Described boost pressure is 0.7～0.8mpa, and be 25～35ms pressure rising time; Described dwell pressure is 0.8mpa, and the dwell time is 4～7min.
According to melting provided by the invention and low-pressure casting process, have following advantage with respect to prior art:
At first, the present invention has adopted four-stage composite purification technology, promptly in smelting furnace, undertaken purifying the first time by nitrogen and refining agent, undertaken purifying the second time by the foam ceramic filter net at the smelting furnace liquid outlet, in tundish, purify for the third time, in the casting holding furnace, undertaken the 4th time and purify by nitrogen and slagging agent by nitrogen.By these four times purifications, can effectively get rid of and remove assorted slag and pernicious gas in the molten aluminium alloy, improve the degree of purity of molten aluminium alloy.
Secondly, the present invention has adopted the composite inoculating technology, is about to the Al-Sr intermediate alloy and is in the same place with the advantages of mishmetal (Re), realizes the rotten of molten aluminium alloy.Acting in conjunction by two kinds of alterants, the solid-liquid phase line temperature difference is reduced, reduce the mushy freezing trend of alloy, and can also reduce the surface tension of alloy liquation, make the mobile raising of aluminium alloy solution, viscosity reduces, and helps the eliminating of field trash and gas, and is better with the Sr modification effect than simple.
Once more, because mishmetal (Re) also has refined crystalline strengthening in as alterant effect, therefore, it can also carry out composite refining to aluminium alloy solution with the Al-Zr intermediate alloy and handle, handle by this composite refining, can avoid the tissue and the performance of aluminium alloy fluctuation to occur, thereby improve the quality of product.
At last, the present invention by precompressed, voltage stabilizing, boost, four steps of pressurize are pressed into die casting with molten aluminium alloy, thereby realized the different phase liquid level in the molten aluminium alloy process of setting is applied the effect of different pressures, make the aluminium alloy castings after the casting have desirable metallographic structure and mechanical performance, further guaranteed product quality.
The specific embodiment:
Melting and low-pressure casting process according to aluminum alloy wheel hub provided by the invention comprise the steps:
1. the aluminium alloy melt is dropped into smelting furnace and be fused into liquid, when temperature reaches 740～760 ℃ in smelting furnace, by nitrogen refining agent is blown into and carries out refining in the body of heater, remove non-metallic inclusion and gas in the molten aluminium alloy, thereby carry out purification first time.In this step, the frequency of refining is 2 hours/time, adds 1～2 kilogram refining agent at every turn.
2. change molten aluminium alloy over to tundish by the smelting furnace liquid outlet, liquid outlet is provided with the screen pack of being made by foam ceramic material, and this screen pack can carry out filter cleaner to the molten aluminium alloy of coming out of the stove, thereby carries out purifying the second time; Under 710～730 ℃ temperature and stirring condition, in tundish, add Al-Sr intermediate alloy, mishmetal (Re) and Al-Zr intermediate alloy, with molten aluminium alloy is gone bad, thinning processing, in tundish, be blown into simultaneously nitrogen, molten aluminium alloy is carried out the secondary degasification, thereby realize purifying for the third time.
3. change molten aluminium alloy in the tundish over to the casting holding furnace, melt temperature is remained between 680～700 ℃, in holding furnace, add simultaneously slagging agent and remove the impurity elimination slag, and in holding furnace, be blown into nitrogen and carry out three degasification, thereby finish the 4th purification.
4. by precompressed, voltage stabilizing, boost, the pressurize four step rule is pressed into mould with molten aluminium alloy and casts, casting time is 3～6 minutes; After treating that molten aluminium alloy solidifies the formation foundry goods, the casting holding furnace is carried out release, and unclamp mould and take out foundry goods, prepare next to operation.In this step, precompressed and voltage stabilizing can be played the effect of buffering, and pressurize then can be carried out effective feeding to the type that fills before.
As mentioned above, employed nitrogen flow is 1.5～3 cubic metres/hour in the degasification each time, and jetting pressure is 0.25～0.35mpa.Described mould is heated to 250 ℃～290 ℃ before molten aluminium alloy sprays into, and in the certain thickness releasing agent of mould surface spraying, so that unloading after the foundry goods moulding got.Described aluminium alloy solution cools off by airduct in casting cycle.Described preload pressure is 0.2～0.3mpa, and squeeze time is 20ms; Described pressurizer pressure is 0.3～0.4mpa, and the voltage stabilizing time is 10～15ms; Described boost pressure is 0.7～0.8mpa, and be 25～35ms pressure rising time; Described dwell pressure is 0.8mpa, and the dwell time is 4～7min.
In addition, because mishmetal (Re) has well long-lasting and remelting stability, air-breathing tendentiousness is little, and is pollution-free, adds easy, the no corrosiveness of technology, can improve aluminium liquid flowability, has the effect that purifies aluminium liquid simultaneously concurrently.Therefore for obtaining modification effect preferably, both to reduce alloy air-breathing in order to reach, and can improve the effect of aluminium liquid flowability again, this project has adopted the composite inoculating technology, promptly,, realize the rotten of aluminium alloy solution in conjunction with both advantages by the acting in conjunction of Al-Sr intermediate alloy and mishmetal (Re).
Simultaneously, the refining effect of mishmetal (Re) also causes our attention, and the invigoration effect of rare earth in aluminium alloy mainly contains refined crystalline strengthening, limited solid molten the reinforcement and second the strengthening mutually etc. of rare earth compound.And Al-Zr intermediate alloy fining agent (mainly comprising Al-Zr-Ti-B and Al-Zr-B-O etc.) can play the effect of refinement and microalloying, can also provide original position the synthetic particle that strengthens for alloy, further improves alloy property.Therefore, in order to obtain best grain refining effect, we have gathered the advantage of two kinds of fining agents, have adopted the composite refining technology, promptly add mishmetal (Re) and Al-Zr intermediate alloy in aluminium alloy solution, realize the refinement and the microalloying of aluminium alloy solution.
As above, in composite inoculating and thinning process, the addition of Al-Sr intermediate alloy is 0.01%～0.018%, and optimum value is 0.15%; The addition of mishmetal (Re) is 0.1%～0.3%, and optimum value is 0.2%; The addition of Al-Zr intermediate alloy is 0.01%～0.018%, and optimum value is 0.015%; Time rotten, thinning processing is 30～40min.
Claims (8)
1. the melting of an aluminum alloy wheel hub and low-pressure casting process is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1. the aluminium alloy melt is dropped into smelting furnace and be fused into liquid, when temperature reaches 740～760 ℃ in smelting furnace, by nitrogen refining agent is blown into and carries out refining in the body of heater, remove non-metallic inclusion and gas in the molten aluminium alloy;
2. change molten aluminium alloy over to tundish by the smelting furnace liquid outlet, and under 710～730 ℃ temperature conditions, in tundish, add Al-Sr intermediate alloy, mishmetal (Re) and Al-Zr intermediate alloy, thereby to molten aluminium alloy go bad, thinning processing, simultaneously in tundish, be blown into nitrogen, molten aluminium alloy is carried out the secondary degasification;
3. change molten aluminium alloy in the tundish over to the casting holding furnace, melt temperature is remained between 680～700 ℃, in holding furnace, add simultaneously slagging agent and remove the impurity elimination slag, and in holding furnace, be blown into nitrogen and carry out three degasification;
4. by precompressed, voltage stabilizing, boost, the pressurize four step rule is pressed into mould with molten aluminium alloy and casts, casting time is 3～6 minutes; After treating that molten aluminium alloy solidifies the formation foundry goods, the casting holding furnace is carried out release, and unclamp mould and take out foundry goods, prepare next to operation.
2. melting as claimed in claim 1 and low-pressure casting process, it is characterized in that: the addition of described Al-Sr intermediate alloy, mishmetal (Re) and Al-Zr intermediate alloy is respectively 0.01%～0.018%, 0.1%～0.3% and 0.01%～0.018% of molten aluminium alloy, and the time rotten, thinning processing is 30～40min.
3. melting as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and low-pressure casting process is characterized in that: described smelting furnace liquid outlet place is provided with the screen pack of being made by foam ceramic material, so that the molten aluminium alloy of coming out of the stove is carried out filter cleaner.
4. melting as claimed in claim 3 and low-pressure casting process is characterized in that: the frequency of refining is 2 hours/time in the described smelting furnace, adds 1～2 kilogram refining agent at every turn.
5. melting as claimed in claim 3 and low-pressure casting process is characterized in that: employed nitrogen flow is 1.5～3 cubic metres/hour in the degasification each time, and jetting pressure is 0.25～0.35mpa.
6. melting as claimed in claim 3 and low-pressure casting process is characterized in that: described mould is heated to 250 ℃～290 ℃ before molten aluminium alloy sprays into, and in the certain thickness releasing agent of mould surface spraying.
7. melting as claimed in claim 3 and low-pressure casting process is characterized in that: described aluminium alloy solution cools off by airduct in casting cycle.
8. melting as claimed in claim 3 and low-pressure casting process is characterized in that: described preload pressure is 0.2～0.3mpa, and squeeze time is 20ms; Described pressurizer pressure is 0.3～0.4mpa, and the voltage stabilizing time is 10～15ms; Described boost pressure is 0.7～0.8mpa, and be 25～35ms pressure rising time; Described dwell pressure is 0.8mpa, and the dwell time is 4～7min.
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| CN 200810172147 CN101758203B (en) | 2008-11-12 | 2008-11-12 | Process for smelting and lower-pressure casting of aluminum alloy wheel hub |
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| CN102581256A (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2012-07-18 | 江苏华威线路设备集团有限公司 | Aluminum alloy liquid die forging manufacturing process for parts of electrified high-speed railway contact nets |
| CN102719684A (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2012-10-10 | 青铜峡铝业股份有限公司 | Method for improving internal crystallization of aluminum products |
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| CN104907530A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-09-16 | 秦皇岛燕大现代集成制造技术开发有限公司 | Powerful casting technology for aluminum alloy wheels |
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