CN101756706A - Driving-situation awareness measuring system - Google Patents
Driving-situation awareness measuring system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a driving-situation awareness measuring system, comprising a driving simulating subsystem and a situation awareness measuring subsystem, wherein the driving simulating subsystem comprises driving simulating equipment and a scene simulating and data acquisition platform; the scene simulating and data acquisition platform also comprises a driving scene simulating module and an experiment data recording module; the situation awareness measuring subsystem comprises a situation restoring testing module, a situation judgment testing module and a situation data recording module; the driving simulating equipment generates a corresponding signal according to the driving actions of a driver; the driving scene simulating module generates a simulated driving scene and makes corresponding conversion to the simulated driving scene; the experiment data recording module records the driving action of the driver and data in the simulated driving scene; the situation restoring testing module measures the situation restoring awareness of the driver; the situation judgment testing module measures the situation judgment awareness of the driver; and the situation data recording module realizes recording to the situation testing result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of situational awareness measurement, in particular to a driving situational awareness measurement system.
Background
Situational Awareness (SA) is an internal representation of an individual's changing external environment. In a complex, dynamically changing information environment, it is a key factor that affects operator decision-making and performance. Since the 80 s, the concept has attracted attention in the field of aeronautics and psychology, and has rapidly become an important research field. It is now generally accepted that superior situational awareness is a necessary prerequisite for safe and efficient operation in the fields of driving, flight and air traffic control.
Situational awareness is generally considered to be relative to a particular domain, and it is not appropriate to say that an individual "has good situational awareness". Instead, one must specify "objects of consciousness". For example, awareness of surrounding traffic, awareness of upcoming weather conditions, awareness of vehicle automation, awareness of physical and cognitive decline associated with stress, and the like. After studying situational awareness, researchers believe that situational awareness can be divided into components such as perception, understanding, and prediction, and for the same individual, the components and the proportions of the various components in situational awareness change from task to task, or from stage to stage in the task. This also presents challenges for situational awareness measurements.
Currently, the dominant research in the field of situational awareness research is the research on situational awareness of pilots, and related devices for measuring situational awareness of pilots also exist in the prior art. Although the car driving task and the flight driving task have some common components such as perception of the speed and the position of an object, the difference between the two tasks is very obvious on the larger component, for example, the flight is carried out in a three-dimensional space, the car driving is carried out in a two-dimensional space, the relation between a car driver and a surrounding vehicle needs to be considered, and the flight driving rarely considers the relation, so that the driving scenes of the car driving task and the flight driving task are obviously different. In addition, the driving modes of the two are greatly different, and the information processing mode and steps in the flight process are also obviously different from those of automobile driving. Therefore, as mentioned above, the components of situational awareness and the proportion of each component in situational awareness of the same individual change due to different tasks or different stages of the tasks, it can be known that the related devices for measuring the situational awareness of the pilot cannot be directly used for measuring the situational awareness of the pilot. In the prior art, related equipment for measuring the situational awareness of the driver is lacked, so that the provision of the equipment for measuring the situational awareness of the driver is of great significance for the research of the situational awareness.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the driving simulation equipment in the prior art can only simulate the driving process and can not acquire and measure the situational awareness of a driver in the driving process, thereby providing a situational awareness measuring system based on a simulated driving platform.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a driving situational awareness measuring system, which comprises a driving simulation subsystem and a situational awareness measuring subsystem; wherein,
the driving simulation subsystem comprises a driving simulation device, a scene simulation and data acquisition platform, a driving scene simulation module and an experimental data recording module; the situation awareness measuring subsystem comprises a situation recovery testing module, a situation judgment testing module and a situation data recording module;
the driving simulation equipment generates a corresponding signal according to the driving action of the driver; the driving scene simulation module generates a simulated driving scene for a driver according to the driving task and correspondingly transforms the simulated driving scene according to a signal generated by the simulated driving equipment; the experimental data recording module records the driving action of a driver in the driving process and data in a simulated driving scene; the situation recovery testing module measures the automobile simulated driving situation in the simulated driving process recovered by the driver after the simulated driving task is finished; the situation judgment test module measures the judgment of the driver on the automobile simulated driving situation in the simulated driving process after the simulated driving task is finished; the situation data recording module realizes the recording of the situation test result.
In the technical scheme, the driving scene simulation module adjusts parameters as required by a user to generate different simulated driving scenes; the parameters comprise scene parameters and event parameters; wherein,
the scene parameters comprise the depth of a driving scene, the proportion of vehicle simulation speed and the sensitivity of accelerator brake;
the event parameters comprise the number of vehicles in a multi-vehicle situation, the mode and the sequence of tests, the average vehicle speed of surrounding vehicles and the vehicle speed variation range.
In the above technical solution, the experimental data recorded by the experimental data recording module includes: personal basic information of the testers, and reaction data of collision times, car following distance, transverse offset distance, steering wheel, accelerator and brake.
In the technical scheme, the situation recovery testing module is used for recovering the situation in the driving process after the driver finishes the simulated driving task.
In the technical scheme, the situation recovery test module requires a driver to recover the position of the vehicle on the screen when the simulated driving task is finished in the grid-shaped road scene displayed at the aerial view angle according to the memory.
In the technical scheme, the situation judgment test module is used for finding out the actual situation in the driving process from a plurality of similar situations after the driver finishes the simulated driving task.
In the technical scheme, the situation judgment test module sequentially presents four static driving scenes, and a driver selects a correct scene from the four static driving scenes according to the vehicle position relation when a driving task is finished.
In the above technical solution, the situation data recorded by the situation data recording module includes an actual situation at a certain moment in the execution of the simulated driving task, a situation recovered by the driver, and a judgment situation of the driver on an alternative situation.
In the above technical solution, the driving simulation device adopts a Saitek R220 driver simulation device.
In the technical scheme, the driving scene simulation module and the experimental data recording module are realized on a computer.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the situation recovery test module can directly reproduce the memory image of the driver to the previous driving situation to realize the objective measurement of the situation awareness, and the situation judgment test can make up for the defect of larger memory capacity of the recovery test work of the situation recovery test module. The combination of the two testing modules can realize effective measurement of the situational awareness, so that the situational awareness of the driver in the driving process is further analyzed.
2. The invention can record the driving score of the driver, data of a steering wheel, an accelerator, a brake and the like in the driving process in real time, and record the reaction accuracy and reaction time of the driving event, and is beneficial to further analyzing the data generated by the driver in the driving process.
3. The situational awareness system based on the simulated driving platform can compare the situational awareness scores and the driving scores of the driver, and can provide method and technical support for selection of professional drivers and situational awareness ability training and improvement of the driver.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a situational awareness measurement apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a driving simulation apparatus in the situational awareness measuring apparatus of the present invention.
Description of the drawings
1 host 2 digital steering wheel 3 steering wheel
4 left steering lamp key 5 right steering lamp key 6 pedal
7 brake pedal 8 accelerator pedal 9 display
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
In fig. 1, an embodiment of the situational awareness measuring apparatus of the present invention is shown, in which the situational awareness measuring apparatus is used to measure the situational awareness of the dynamic changes of the surrounding vehicle during driving by the driver of the vehicle. The situational awareness measuring device includes a simulated driving subsystem and a situational awareness measuring subsystem. The driving simulation subsystem is responsible for providing a driving simulation platform for a vehicle driver, and the situational awareness measurement subsystem is used for recording and analyzing situational awareness data of the driver in the driving simulation process so as to reflect the situational awareness of the driver under different conditions and reveal environmental and psychological factors influencing the situational awareness of a tested vehicle. The specific composition and implementation of the above two subsystems will be described in detail below.
The driving simulation subsystem comprises a driving simulation device and a scene simulation and data acquisition platform. The driving simulation device can adopt various related devices provided in the prior art, and in the embodiment, the Saitek R220 driving simulation device is adopted. As shown in fig. 2, the driving simulation device comprises a digital steering wheel 2 and a pedal 6, wherein the digital steering wheel 2 further comprises a steering wheel 3, a left turn light button 4 and a right turn light button 5. The left turn light button 4 and the right turn light button 5 are positioned at the left and right sides of the middle upper part of the steering wheel 3 where the thumbs are placed, and respectively operate the turn lights. The pedals 6 include an accelerator pedal 8 and a brake pedal 7. After the driver sends out the corresponding driving action on the driving simulation equipment, the driving simulation equipment sends out corresponding signals according to the driving action of the driver, the signals are transmitted to the scene simulation and data acquisition platform, and after the scene simulation and data acquisition platform receives the signals, the driving action represented by the signals can be reflected on the display 9.
The scene simulation and data acquisition platform comprises a driving scene simulation module and an experimental data recording module, wherein the driving scene simulation module is used for generating different simulated driving scenes, for example, a dangerous vehicle is in front of the driving scene, a dangerous vehicle is behind the driving scene, the dangerous vehicle is in front of the driving scene, and no dangerous vehicle exists in the front of the driving scene. The experimental data recording module is used for recording experimental data, and the recorded experimental data comprise personal basic information of a tester, such as age, sex, driving age, school calendar, actual driving kilometers and the like; and various data generated during driving, such as the number of collisions, following distance, lateral offset distance, steering wheel, throttle and brake response data, etc.
The driving scene simulation module adjusts parameters by a user according to needs to generate different simulated driving scenes. The parameters adjusted by the driving scene simulation module comprise scene parameters, event parameters and the like. By adjusting the scene parameters, the depth of a driving scene, the proportion of the vehicle simulation speed, the sensitivity of an accelerator brake and the like can be changed. And the number of vehicles in a multi-vehicle situation, the mode and the sequence of tests, the average vehicle speed of surrounding vehicles and the vehicle speed variation range can be changed by adjusting the event parameters. The driving scene simulation module can also set the occurrence frequency and the occurrence time of the driving scene.
The driving scene simulation module and the experimental data recording module in the scene simulation and data acquisition platform can be realized by combining a high-performance notebook and a display in terms of hardware implementation. As shown in fig. 1, the high-performance notebook is represented by a main body 1, and a display 9 is a required display. The host 1 runs a program related to the driving scene generation, the generated driving scene is displayed to the driver through the display 9, and after the driver executes corresponding driving behaviors according to the driving scene, the host 1 records related data generated by the driving behaviors.
The situational awareness measuring subsystem is used for measuring and recording the situational awareness of the driver. The situational awareness measuring subsystem adopts two modes to realize situational awareness measurement of the driver. The two modes comprise a situation recovery test and a situation judgment test, wherein the situation recovery test requires that a driver recovers the situation in the driving process after the driving simulation task is finished, and corresponding scores are given according to the recovered results; and the situation judgment test requires that the driver finds out the actual situation in the driving process from several situations after the simulated driving task is finished, and gives out a corresponding score according to the searched result. Thus, the situational awareness measurement subsystem may include a situational recovery testing module and a situational judgment testing module. In addition, the situational awareness measurement subsystem is also provided with a data recording module for recording data and measurement results required by the situational awareness measurement of the driver. The data recorded by the situation data recording module comprises the positions of all vehicles at a certain moment in the simulated driving task, the positions of all vehicles restored by the driver according to memory in a situation restoration test, the relative positions of all vehicles in the driving scene of each candidate and the judgment condition of the driver on the driving scene of each candidate in a situation judgment test. The situation recovery test module can directly reproduce the memory image of the driver to the previous driving situation, and realizes the objective measurement of the situation awareness. The situation judgment test can make up for the disadvantage of larger working memory capacity of the situation recovery test module. The combination of the two testing modules can realize effective measurement of situational awareness.
For convenience of understanding, the following describes how to utilize the situation measurement apparatus of the present invention to simulate driving and complete the situation recovery test and the situation determination test, with reference to a specific example.
Assume in one example that the driver is performing simulated driving on a simulated driving subsystem. In a simulated driving task, the driving environment set for the driver is a three-lane one-way highway scene, and a plurality of vehicles run around the main vehicle. In each driving task scenario, the driver is asked to try driving the red host vehicle to complete a 60-80 second simulated driving task. In completing this driving, the participants are required to pay attention to the position and speed of the surrounding vehicle, and when a dangerous vehicle (which is the same lane as the host vehicle, faster in the rear of the host vehicle, and slower in the front of the host vehicle) occurs, measures of acceleration and deceleration or lane change are taken to avoid collision, and further, the driver needs to keep awareness of the change in the position of the surrounding vehicle, and when the driving task is completed, the driver needs to complete situational awareness measurements, i.e., the aforementioned situation recovery test and situation judgment test, based on this awareness. During the process of simulating driving, the simulated driving subsystem records various data generated during the driving process.
After the driver finishes the simulated driving on the simulated driving subsystem, a situation recovery test and a situation judgment test are carried out on the situation awareness measurement subsystem.
In the situation recovery test, the driver is required to recover, based on his own memory, the vehicle position on the screen at the end of the immediately preceding simulated driving task in the grid-like road scene displayed at the bird's eye view angle, with the red vehicle in the center of the grid being the position of the host vehicle. The specific method for recovering the scene is to click the color of the vehicle to be recovered by a mouse, then click the mouse at the corresponding position in the grid, recover the vehicle with the color to the position, and then sequentially recover the vehicles with other colors. Since the situational awareness measurement subsystem automatically records the relative positions of the vehicles (the principal vehicle is used as the origin of coordinates and the grid is used as the unit of vertical and horizontal coordinates) and the relative positions of the vehicles with different colors recovered by the driver at the end of the driving scene, researchers can calculate the situational awareness score according to the provided original data and perform corresponding statistical analysis, and in the example, the direction recovery Score (SXY) and the vehicle recovery distance average error (RE) are calculated.
In the situation judgment test, the situation awareness measurement subsystem sequentially presents four static driving scenes, and a driver needs to judge whether the vehicle position relationship in each driving scene is the vehicle position relationship when the driving task is finished. In the four scenarios described, only one is the correct answer and the remaining three are distracters. The driver clicks the correct or incorrect button and the next picture is presented. And after the judgment test is finished, the situation awareness measurement subsystem automatically presents the driving scene of the next test, and after the set number of tests is finished, the situation awareness measurement subsystem automatically stops presenting the driving task. The subsystem automatically records the relative positions of all vehicles (the host vehicle is taken as the coordinate origin and the grid is taken as the unit of vertical and horizontal coordinates) at the end of the driving scene, the relative positions of vehicles with different colors in the four candidate driving scenes, the options of the driver for the four scenes and the reaction time of the driver for each scene. Thus, the researcher can calculate situational awareness achievements from the raw data provided and perform corresponding statistical analysis, in this example, calculate judgment totals (SJ), judgment Reaction Times (RT), and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A driving situation awareness measuring system is characterized by comprising a driving simulation subsystem and a situation awareness measuring subsystem; wherein,
the driving simulation subsystem comprises a driving simulation device, a scene simulation and data acquisition platform, a driving scene simulation module and an experimental data recording module;
the situation awareness measuring subsystem comprises a situation recovery testing module, a situation judgment testing module and a situation data recording module;
the driving simulation equipment generates a corresponding signal according to the driving action of the driver; the driving scene simulation module generates a simulated driving scene for a driver according to the driving task and correspondingly transforms the simulated driving scene according to a signal generated by the simulated driving equipment; the experimental data recording module records the driving action of a driver in the driving process and data in a simulated driving scene; the situation recovery testing module measures the automobile simulated driving situation which can be recovered by a driver after the simulated driving task is finished; the situation judgment test module measures the judgment of the driver on the automobile simulated driving situation after the simulated driving task is finished; the situation data recording module realizes the recording of the situation test result.
2. The driving situational awareness measurement system of claim 1, wherein the driving scenario simulation module is configured to generate different simulated driving scenarios by adjusting parameters as required by a user; the parameters comprise scene parameters and event parameters; wherein,
the scene parameters comprise the depth of a driving scene, the proportion of vehicle simulation speed and the sensitivity of accelerator brake;
the event parameters comprise the number of vehicles in a multi-vehicle situation, the mode and the sequence of tests, the average vehicle speed of surrounding vehicles and the vehicle speed variation range.
3. The driving situational awareness measuring system of claim 1, wherein the experimental data recorded by the experimental data recording module comprises: personal basic information of the testers, and reaction data of collision times, car following distance, transverse offset distance, steering wheel, accelerator and brake.
4. The driving situational awareness measuring system of claim 1, wherein the situational recovery testing module requests the driver to restore the position of the vehicle on the screen at the end of the simulated driving task in the grid-like road scene displayed at the bird's eye view angle based on memory.
5. The driving situational awareness measuring system of claim 1, wherein the situational judgment testing module is configured to enable the driver to find the actual situation during driving from several similar situations after completing the simulated driving task.
6. The driving situational awareness measuring system of claim 5, wherein the situational awareness testing module sequentially presents four static driving scenarios, and the driver selects a correct scenario from the four static driving scenarios according to the vehicle position relationship at the end of the driving task.
7. The driving situational awareness measuring system of claim 1, wherein the situational data recorded by the situational data recording module includes an actual situation at a time during execution of the simulated driving task, a situation recovered by the driver, and a judgment of the candidate situation by the driver.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the simulated driving device is a Saitek R220 simulated driver.
9. The driving situational awareness measurement system of claim 1, wherein the driving situation simulation module and the experimental data recording module are implemented on a computer.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN102184659A (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2011-09-14 | 公安部交通管理科学研究所 | Automobile traffic safety simulation driving education training system |
| CN103714254A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | System and method for testing characteristics of influence of layout of airplane cockpit information display interface on situational awareness of pilot |
| CN105575210A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-11 | 福特全球技术公司 | Method and apparatus for predictive driving-mode learning and enablement |
| CN106344049A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-25 | 西南交通大学 | Testing method and system for driver space memory abilities |
| CN108068826A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-25 | 法乐第(北京)网络科技有限公司 | Vehicle profile switching method, device and electronic equipment |
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| IT1240505B (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1993-12-17 | Galeazzo Azzi | EQUIPMENT SUITABLE TO ASSURE AND MEASURE THE CONDITIONS OF PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY OF MOTOR VEHICLE USERS AND THE DRIVING CAPACITIES OF THEMSELVES WITH AND WITHOUT THE AID OF ADAPTATIONS AND / OR PROSTHESES. |
| CN100571628C (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2009-12-23 | 中国科学院心理研究所 | A kind of psychology and behavior monitoring system based on simulation driving platform |
| CN201067406Y (en) * | 2007-02-14 | 2008-06-04 | 中国科学院心理研究所 | Device for monitoring psychology and behavior of a driver |
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| CN102184659A (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2011-09-14 | 公安部交通管理科学研究所 | Automobile traffic safety simulation driving education training system |
| CN103714254A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | System and method for testing characteristics of influence of layout of airplane cockpit information display interface on situational awareness of pilot |
| CN103714254B (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2016-08-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | The aircraft cockpit information display interface layout mensuration system and method to pilot's situation awareness influencing characterisitic |
| CN105575210A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-11 | 福特全球技术公司 | Method and apparatus for predictive driving-mode learning and enablement |
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| CN106344049A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-25 | 西南交通大学 | Testing method and system for driver space memory abilities |
| CN108068826A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-25 | 法乐第(北京)网络科技有限公司 | Vehicle profile switching method, device and electronic equipment |
| CN108133639A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-08 | 信阳泰蓝仿真科技有限公司 | A kind of aviation psychology simulation system and test method |
| CN111557674A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-21 | 北京航空航天大学 | Dynamic path model-based pilot situational awareness prediction system and method |
| CN111551382A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-08-18 | 中国科学院心理研究所 | System for testing vehicle distance control capability of driver and using method |
| CN116453289A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-07-18 | 中国科学院心理研究所 | Bus driving safety early warning method and system based on electrocardiosignal |
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