CN101756706B - Driving-situation awareness measuring system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a driving situational awareness measurement system, including a simulated driving subsystem and a situational awareness measurement subsystem; wherein, the simulated driving subsystem includes simulated driving equipment, a scene simulation and data collection platform, and the scene simulation and data collection platform also includes Driving scenario simulation module, experimental data recording module; situational awareness measurement subsystem includes situational recovery test module, situational judgment test module, situational data recording module; simulated driving equipment generates corresponding signals according to the driver's driving actions; driving situational simulation module generates Simulate the driving scene and make corresponding changes to the simulated driving scene; the experimental data recording module records the driver's driving actions and the data in the simulated driving scene; the situation recovery test module measures the driver's situation recovery awareness; The judgment test module measures the driver's situational judgment awareness; the situational data recording module realizes the recording of the situational test results.

Description

A driving situational awareness measurement system

technical field

The invention relates to the field of situational awareness measurement, in particular to a driving situational awareness measurement system.

Background technique

Situation awareness (SA) is an individual's internal representation of the changing external environment. In a complex and dynamically changing information environment, it is a key factor affecting operator decision-making and performance. Since the 1980s, this concept has attracted attention in the field of aviation psychology, and then quickly became an important research field. It is now widely accepted that good situational awareness is a necessary prerequisite for safe and efficient operations in the areas of driving, flying and air traffic control.

Situational awareness is generally considered to be relative to a specific field, and it is not appropriate to say that someone "has good situational awareness". Instead, one must designate "objects of consciousness". For example, awareness of surrounding traffic, awareness of upcoming weather conditions, awareness of vehicle automation status, and awareness of stress-related physical or cognitive decline, etc. After studying situational awareness, researchers believe that situational awareness can be divided into perception, understanding and prediction. For the same individual, the components of situational awareness and the proportion of various components in situational awareness will vary depending on the task. , or at different stages in the task. This also creates challenges for measuring situational awareness.

At present, the dominant research in the field of situational awareness research is the research on the pilot's situational awareness, and there are related devices for measuring the pilot's situational awareness in the prior art. Although the car driving task and the flight driving task have some common components, such as the perception of the speed and position of the object, the difference between the two tasks is also very obvious in the larger components, such as flying in a three-dimensional space, Car driving is in a two-dimensional space, and car drivers need to consider the relationship with surrounding vehicles, while flying driving seldom takes this into account, so the driving scenes of the two are obviously different. In addition, the driving methods of the two are very different, and the information processing methods and steps during the flight are also significantly different from those of driving a car. Therefore, the components in the situational awareness of the same individual mentioned above and the proportions of various components in the situational awareness will vary due to different tasks or different stages in the task. Characteristics of Awareness Measurement It can be known that the related equipment for measuring the pilot's situational awareness cannot be directly used to measure the pilot's situational awareness. However, there is a lack of relevant equipment for measuring the driver's situational awareness in the prior art. Therefore, it is of great significance to provide a device for measuring the driver's situational awareness for the research of the situational awareness.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defect that the simulated driving equipment in the prior art can only simulate the driving process and cannot collect and measure the driver's situational awareness during the driving process, thereby proposing a situational awareness measurement system based on a simulated driving platform.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a driving situational awareness measurement system, including a simulated driving subsystem and a situational awareness measurement subsystem; wherein,

The simulated driving subsystem includes simulated driving equipment, scenario simulation and data acquisition platform, and the described scenario simulation and data acquisition platform also includes a driving scenario simulation module and an experimental data recording module; the described situational awareness measurement subsystem includes Situational Recovery Test Module, Situational Judgment Test Module, and Situational Data Recording Module;

The simulated driving device generates corresponding signals according to the driving actions of the driver; the driving scenario simulation module generates a simulated driving scene for the driver according to the driving task, and responds to the simulated driving scene according to the signal generated by the simulated driving device. The transformation of the experimental data; the described experimental data recording module records the driver's driving actions during driving and the data in the simulated driving scene; The car simulated driving situation in the simulated driving process is measured; the situation judgment test module measures the driver's judgment on the car simulated driving situation in the simulated driving process after the simulated driving task is over; the situational data The recording module realizes the recording of the situation test results.

In the above technical solution, the driving scenario simulation module allows the user to adjust parameters according to needs to generate different simulated driving scenarios; the parameters include scene parameters and event parameters; wherein,

The scene parameters include the depth of the driving scene, the ratio of the simulated speed of the vehicle, and the sensitivity of the accelerator and brake;

The event parameters include the number of vehicles in the multi-vehicle situation, the way and order of the test, the average speed of the surrounding vehicles and the range of speed changes.

In the above technical solution, the experimental data recorded by the experimental data recording module includes: the personal basic information of the tester, and the number of collisions, following distance, lateral offset distance, steering wheel, accelerator and brake response data.

In the above technical solution, the situation recovery test module is used to enable the driver to recover the situation in the driving process after completing the simulated driving task.

In the above technical solution, the situation recovery test module requires the driver to restore the vehicle position on the screen at the end of the simulated driving task in the grid-like road scene displayed from a bird's-eye view according to memory.

In the above technical solution, the situation judgment test module is used to enable the driver to find out the actual situation in the driving process from several similar situations after completing the simulated driving task.

In the above technical solution, the situation judgment test module sequentially presents four static driving scenes, and the driver selects a correct scene from the four static driving scenes according to the vehicle position relationship at the end of the driving task.

In the above technical solution, the situation data recorded by the situation data recording module includes the actual situation at a certain moment in the execution of the simulated driving task, the situation recovered by the driver, and the judgment of the driver on the alternative situation.

In the above technical scheme, the simulated driving equipment adopts Saitek R220 simulated driver.

In the above technical solution, the driving scenario simulation module and the experiment data recording module are implemented on a computer.

The advantages of the present invention are:

1, the situation recovery test module in the present invention can directly reproduce the memory image of the driver to the previous driving situation, realize the objective measurement of situational awareness, and the situation judgment test can make up for the relatively large recovery test working memory capacity of the situation recovery test module shortcoming. The combination of the above two test modules can realize the effective measurement of situational awareness, so as to further analyze the driver's situational awareness during driving.

2. The present invention can record the driver's driving performance in real time, the steering wheel, accelerator, brake and other data during the driving process, as well as the correct response rate and response time to the driving event, which is beneficial to the driver's driving process. data for further analysis.

3. Using the situational awareness system based on the simulated driving platform of the present invention, the driver's situational awareness performance and driving performance can be compared, and method and technical support can be provided for the selection of professional drivers and the training and improvement of the driver's situational awareness ability.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a situational awareness measuring device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a driving simulation device in the situational awareness measuring device of the present invention.

Illustration

1 host 2 digital steering wheel 3 steering wheel

4 Left turn signal button 5 Right turn signal button 6 Pedal

7 Brake pedal 8 Accelerator pedal 9 Display

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

An embodiment of the situational awareness measurement device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 , in this embodiment, the situational awareness measurement device is used to measure the situational awareness of the driver's situational awareness of the dynamic changes of surrounding vehicles during driving. The situational awareness measurement device includes a simulated driving subsystem and a situational awareness measurement subsystem. The simulated driving subsystem is responsible for providing a simulated driving platform to the driver, while the situational awareness measurement subsystem records and analyzes the driver's situational awareness data during the simulated driving process to reflect the driver's situation in different situations. Under the situational awareness, it reveals the environmental and psychological factors that affect the situational awareness of the subjects. The specific composition and implementation of the above two subsystems will be described in detail below.

The simulated driving subsystem of the present invention includes simulated driving equipment, a scene simulation and data collection platform. Wherein, the simulated driving equipment can adopt various related equipment provided in the prior art, and in the present embodiment, a Saitek R220 simulated driver is adopted. As shown in FIG. 2 , the simulated driving device includes a digital steering wheel 2 and pedals 6 , wherein the digital steering wheel 2 further includes a steering wheel 3 , a left turn signal button 4 and a right turn signal button 5 . The left turn signal button 4 and the right turn signal button 5 are located at the places where the thumbs are placed on the left and right sides of the upper middle part of the steering wheel 3, and operate the turn signal respectively. The pedal 6 then includes an accelerator pedal 8 and a brake pedal 7 . After the driver makes corresponding driving actions on the above-mentioned simulated driving equipment, the simulated driving equipment will send corresponding signals according to the driver's driving actions, and these signals will be transmitted to the scenario simulation and data acquisition platform, and the scenario simulation and data acquisition platform After receiving the above-mentioned signal, the driving action represented by the signal can be reflected on the display 9 .

The scenario simulation and data collection platform includes a driving scenario simulation module and an experimental data recording module, wherein the driving scenario simulation module is used to generate different simulated driving scenarios, such as dangerous cars in front, dangerous cars behind, dangerous cars before and after There are no dangerous vehicles and so on. The function of the experimental data recording module is to record the experimental data. The recorded experimental data includes the personal basic information of the test personnel, such as age, gender, driving experience, education background and actual driving kilometers, etc.; and various data generated during the driving process. Such as the number of collisions, following distance, lateral offset distance, steering wheel, accelerator and brake response data, etc.

The driving scenario simulation module allows the user to adjust parameters according to needs to generate different simulated driving scenarios. The parameters adjusted by the driving scene simulation module include scene parameters, event parameters and the like. By adjusting the scene parameters, you can change the depth of the driving scene, the ratio of the simulated speed of the vehicle, the sensitivity of the accelerator and brake, etc. By adjusting the event parameters, the number of vehicles in the multi-vehicle situation, the way and order of the test, and the average speed and speed range of the surrounding vehicles can be changed. The driving scenario simulation module can also set the number of occurrences and the duration of the driving scenarios.

The driving scenario simulation module and the experimental data recording module in the scenario simulation and data acquisition platform can be jointly realized by a high-performance notebook and a display in terms of hardware implementation. As shown in FIG. 1 , a high-performance notebook is represented by a host 1, and a display 9 is the required display. Run the program related to driving scene generation on the host computer 1, and display the generated driving scene to the driver through the display 9. Record the relevant data generated.

The situational awareness measurement subsystem is used to measure and record the driver's situational awareness. The described situational awareness measurement subsystem adopts two methods to realize the measurement of the driver's situational awareness. These two methods include situational recovery test and situational judgment test. The situational recovery test requires the driver to restore the situation in the driving process after the simulated driving task, and give the corresponding score according to the recovery result; The judgment test requires the driver to find out the actual situation in the driving process from several situations after the simulated driving task is over, and give the corresponding score according to the result of the search. Thus, the situational awareness measurement subsystem may include a situational recovery test module and a situational judgment test module. In addition, the situational awareness measurement subsystem also has a data recording module for recording the data required for the driver's situational awareness measurement and the measurement results. The data recorded by the situation data recording module includes the position of each vehicle at a certain moment in the simulated driving task, and in the situation recovery test, the driver recovers the position of each vehicle according to the memory, and in the situation judgment test, each The relative position of each vehicle in the alternative driving scenarios, and the driver's judgment on each alternative driving scenario. The situation recovery test module in the present invention can directly reproduce the driver's memory image of the previous driving situation, and realize the objective measurement of situation awareness. The Situational Judgment Test can make up for the shortcoming of the larger working memory capacity of the recovery test module of the Situational Recovery Test module. The combination of the above two test modules can achieve an effective measure of situational awareness.

For the convenience of understanding, how to use the situation measurement device of the present invention to realize simulated driving and complete the situation recovery test and situation judgment test will be described below in conjunction with a specific example.

Assume that in an instance, the driver performs simulated driving on the simulated driving subsystem. In a simulated driving task, the driving environment set for the driver is a three-lane one-way highway scene with multiple vehicles driving around the main car. In each driving task situation, the driver is required to test drive the red main car and complete a 60-80 second simulated driving task. During this driving process, the participants are required to pay attention to the position and speed of the surrounding vehicles, and when the dangerous vehicle (in the same lane as the main vehicle, behind the main vehicle, the speed is faster than the main vehicle, and when it is in front of the main vehicle, the speed is faster than that of the main vehicle). When the main vehicle is slow), take measures to accelerate or decelerate or change lanes to avoid collisions. In addition, the driver also needs to maintain awareness of changes in the positions of surrounding vehicles. When the driving task is over, the driver needs to complete the situation based on this awareness. Consciousness measures, the aforementioned Situational Recovery Test and Situational Judgment Test. During the driver's simulated driving, the simulated driving subsystem will record various data generated during the driving process.

After the driver completes the simulated driving on the simulated driving subsystem, he also needs to take the situational recovery test and the situational judgment test on the situational awareness measurement subsystem.

In the situational recovery test, the driver is required to recover the vehicle position on the screen at the end of the simulated driving task just now in the grid-shaped road scene displayed from a bird's-eye view according to his own memory. The center of the grid is red Vehicle is the location of the main vehicle. The specific method of scene restoration is to use the mouse to click on the color of the vehicle to be restored, and then click the mouse on the corresponding position in the grid, then the color vehicle will be restored to this position, and then restore the vehicles of other colors in turn. Since the situational awareness measurement subsystem will automatically record the relative position of each vehicle at the end of the driving scene (with the main vehicle as the origin of the coordinates and the grid as the unit of vertical and horizontal coordinates), and the relative positions of the vehicles of different colors recovered by the driver, Therefore, researchers can calculate situational awareness scores based on the provided raw data and perform corresponding statistical analysis. In this example, the direction recovery score (SXY) and the average error of vehicle recovery distance (RE) are calculated.

In the situational judgment test, the situational awareness measurement subsystem will present four static driving scenes in sequence, and the driver needs to judge whether the vehicle position relationship in each driving scene is the vehicle position relationship at the end of the driving task. Of the four scenarios described, only one is the correct answer and the remaining three are distractors. After the driver clicks the right or wrong button, the next picture will appear. After the judgment test is over, the situational awareness measurement subsystem automatically presents the driving scene of the next trial. After the set number of trials is completed, the situational awareness measurement subsystem automatically stops presenting the driving task. Since the subsystem will automatically record the relative position of each vehicle at the end of the driving scene (with the main vehicle as the origin of the coordinates and the grid as the unit of vertical and horizontal coordinates), the relative positions of the vehicles of different colors in the four alternative driving scenes, the driving The pilot's options for the four scenarios, and the driver's reaction time to each scenario. Therefore, researchers can calculate situational awareness scores based on the provided raw data and conduct corresponding statistical analysis. In this example, the total score of judgment (SJ), reaction time of judgment (RT) and so on are calculated.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent replacements to the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A driving situation awareness measuring system is characterized by comprising a driving simulation subsystem and a situation awareness measuring subsystem; wherein,

the driving simulation subsystem comprises a driving simulation device, a scene simulation and data acquisition platform, a driving scene simulation module and an experimental data recording module;

the situation awareness measuring subsystem comprises a situation recovery testing module, a situation judgment testing module and a situation data recording module;

the driving simulation equipment generates a corresponding signal according to the driving action of the driver; the driving scene simulation module generates a simulated driving scene for a driver according to the driving task and correspondingly transforms the simulated driving scene according to a signal generated by the simulated driving equipment, wherein the simulated driving scene is a multi-vehicle scene; the experimental data recording module records the driving action of a driver in the driving process and data in a simulated driving scene; the situation recovery testing module measures the automobile simulated driving situation which can be recovered by a driver after the simulated driving task is finished, and requires the driver to recover the vehicle position on the screen when the simulated driving task is finished in a grid-shaped road scene displayed at a bird's eye view angle according to the memory of the driver; the situation judgment test module measures the judgment of the driver on the automobile simulated driving situation after the simulated driving task is finished, and the driver needs to judge whether the vehicle position relation in each driving scene is the vehicle position relation when the driving task is finished or not for the static driving scenes presented in sequence; the situation data recording module is used for recording the positions of all vehicles at a certain moment in the simulated driving task, and in the situation recovery test, the driver can recover the positions of all vehicles according to memory, and in the situation judgment test, the relative positions of all vehicles in each set of candidate driving scenes and the judgment condition of the driver on each set of candidate driving scenes are also used for recording the situation test result.

2. The driving situational awareness measurement system of claim 1, wherein the driving scenario simulation module is configured to generate different simulated driving scenarios by adjusting parameters as required by a user; the parameters comprise scene parameters and event parameters; wherein,

the scene parameters comprise the depth of a driving scene, the proportion of vehicle simulation speed and the sensitivity of accelerator brake;

the event parameters comprise the number of vehicles in a multi-vehicle situation, the mode and the sequence of tests, the average vehicle speed of surrounding vehicles and the vehicle speed variation range.

3. The driving situational awareness measuring system of claim 1, wherein the experimental data recorded by the experimental data recording module comprises: personal basic information of the testers, and reaction data of collision times, car following distance, transverse offset distance, steering wheel, accelerator and brake.

4. The driving situational awareness measuring system of claim 1, wherein the situational judgment testing module is configured to enable the driver to find the actual situation during driving from several similar situations after completing the simulated driving task.

5. The driving situational awareness measuring system of claim 4, wherein the situational awareness testing module sequentially presents four static driving scenarios, and the driver selects a correct scenario from the four static driving scenarios according to the vehicle position relationship at the end of the driving task.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the simulated driving device is a Saitek R220 simulated driver.

7. The driving situational awareness measurement system of claim 1, wherein the driving situation simulation module and the experimental data recording module are implemented on a computer.

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