Low-temperature liquefied energy recovery power supply system
Technical field
The invention belongs to heat recovery and utilize system again; Relate in particular to the recycling system of warm energy.
Background technique
Contain huge tow taste heat in the water of atmosphere, rivers,lakes and seas; Can produce a large amount of low-temperature waste heats in the industrial process, association great amount of carbon dioxide again when industrial processes produce above-mentioned used heat, the generation of aggravation greenhouse effect raises atmospheric temperature year by year.At present, in order to reclaim these low-grade heats, people have invented wind source heat pump and have been used for heating, but the utilization ratio of low-grade energy is still very low.Number of patent application is to have disclosed a kind of method and device that utilizes a plurality of dispersion waste heats, thermal source, the generating of multiple waste heat mounting medium in 200710050627.8 the patent application, this method can make multiple waste heat obtain the part utilization, but this method has the following disadvantages: can only the higher waste heat of recovered temperature, to temperature about 50 ℃ and following waste heat or used heat can't utilize; Condensation effect required in the system must be assisted realization by air cooling, water-cooled or other modes, consume extra energy, waste great lot of water resources etc.; The advance of its Economy, the feature of environmental protection, technology etc. was compared with present technique and is had big gap when this technology was used for recovery waste heat.How to develop these inexhaustible, nexhaustible low-grade energies and be the contemporary science man and make great efforts the problem that solves always.The inventor also once disclosed the system that several heat recoveries utilize again in number of patent application is 200810140773.4,200820148143.7,200820148144.1,200820148145.6 document, but the opening of research that heat recovery utilizes again and equipment still has very big scope.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: provide a kind of be convenient to easy to install, floor space is little, free from environmental pollution, can absorb heat from low-temperature heat source, make it all to be converted into merit, and do not stay the low-temperature liquefied energy recovery power supply system of other any variations.
The present invention seeks to be achieved through the following technical solutions: the low-temperature liquefaction power generating systems that a kind of low-grade energy is all recycled, reclaim heat exchanger, turbo-expander, liquid booster pump, flash drum and the connection medium pipeline between them by circulation liquefaction medium heat exchanger, compressor, flash valve, fluid energy and formed; Be equipped with between compressor and the flash drum and make they are communicated with advance medium pipeline and go out medium pipeline, going out between compressor and the flash drum places reduction valve on the medium pipeline, between flash drum and the liquid booster pump liquefied liquid output pipeline that is communicated with them is arranged, be communicated with heat exchanger and fluid energy on this output pipeline and reclaim heat exchanger, this output pipeline also is communicated with turbo-expander; Discharge medium pipeline with circulation liquefaction medium heat exchanger or advance medium pipeline and be connected with the exhaust steam that turbo-expander is communicated with, and be connected with the gas inlet of compressor; The control cabinet that links to each other with power line reclaims heat exchanger by guide line and power supply wire harness with compressor, flash valve, liquid booster pump, turbo-expander, fluid energy and is connected.
Be communicated with to be equipped with on the liquefied liquid output pipeline between liquefaction medium flash drum and the liquid booster pump and increase the liquid pipeline, this increases on the pipeline of ingress that the liquid pipeline is contained in the liquefied liquid suction booster.
On the pipeline between compressor and the flash drum heat exchanger is housed, heat exchanger respectively with flash drum and compressor between advance medium pipeline and go out medium pipeline and be connected.
On the pipeline between compressor and the flash drum heat exchanger is housed, one side of a heat exchanger is communicated with the medium pipeline that advances between flash drum and the compressor, one end of another side with go out medium pipeline and link to each other, its the other end is communicated with medium pipeline on being contained in another heat exchanger, this medium pipeline is connected with the medium pipeline that reduction valve is housed by this heat exchanger, and link to each other with flash drum, one end of another heat exchanger links to each other with the feed liquor medium pipeline that the liquid booster pump outlet is connected, and the other end is connected with the heat exchanger that the feed liquor medium pipeline that is connected by the liquid booster pump outlet is communicated with.
In parallel or at least two group circulation liquefaction medium heat exchanger package of connecting on the pipeline between turbo-expander and the flash drum.
Have at least two compressors in parallel with the tank connected compressor of flash distillation, at least two group circulation liquefaction medium heat exchanger package are in parallel or connect between turbo-expander and the flash drum
Turbo-expander in the system and compressor are directly formed as a whole.
The energy recovery heat exchanger is that wind energy reclaims the combination that heat exchanger or fluid heat exchanger or wind energy reclaim heat exchanger and fluid heat exchanger.
This low-temperature liquefied energy recovery power supply system, replenishing pipeline by circulation liquefaction medium heat exchanger, compressor, reduction valve, flash drum, liquid booster pump, fluid energy recovery heat exchanger, turbo-expander and their medium pipeline of connection and medium solution is formed, the whole system structure is very simple, therefore be convenient to install, floor space is also very little, uses easily; Provide the fluid of energy to enter the energy recovery heat exchanger among the present invention, low boiling point working medium enters turbo-expander after heating through the energy recovery heat exchanger, the exhaust steam that the turbo-expander of low-temperature liquefied energy recovery power supply system is discharged directly enters the heat exchanger of exhaust steam energy-recuperation system, the liquid of carrying with liquid booster pump carries out heat exchange in heat exchanger, progressively become cryogenic gas, after boosting, the process compressor enters reduction valve, a part of flash distillation is a liquid in flash drum, another part is sucked back compression chamber by compressor and continues compression, also enter compressor by heat exchanger through the cryogenic gas of discharging of cryogenic liquide cooling simultaneously from turbo-expander, and be pressurized at this, be collapsed into cryogenic gas and enter reduction valve with certain pressure, the flash distillation that circulates liquefaction, constantly supply low-temperature liquefaction liquid is given the liquid suction booster, absorb heat from the energy recovery heat exchanger turbo-expander of vaporizing → enter of realization expands and to do work → to enter the continuous circulation of compressor compresses supercharging → flash distillation liquefaction, reach constantly and absorb energy, externally the purpose of acting from low temperature environment or cryogen.
Therefore this system can be with the gas that contains in the water of atmosphere, rivers,lakes and seas and various industrial process produces, the tow taste heat recycling in the liquid fluid, be converted into useful kinetic energy, for various processes provide power, as: can be used as the power of automobile power, train power, wheel ship power, industrial processes, the power of driving generator ....Simultaneously, the equipment that can be the various spaces that need cooling and provide chilled water, needs cooling provides cooling medium, provides the low temperature cold for various cryogenic freezing processes ....This has not only reduced environmental pollution, provides cold to cold space of need and medium, and has saved the energy, can fundamentally reduce energy cost, solve energy crisis.
From this system of theory analysis is reasonably, and the Kano of the second law of thermodynamics is explained and told us: can not absorb heat from single source, make it all to be converted into merit and the heat engine that do not stay other any variations.
Thermomechanics also has definition to perpetuum mobile of the second kind: heat absorption constantly obtains mechanical work in ambient air or the seawater, and this single source power engine of acting down is called perpetuum mobile of the second kind.Though it does not violate the first law of thermodynamics and energy conservation, but run counter to the second law of thermodynamics, the second law of thermodynamics also can be expressed as: perpetuum mobile of the second kind is non-existent.
" cycle engine that only cools off a thermal source is unsuccessful ", " spontaneous process is irreversible ", " in irreversible adiabatic process, entropy increases, but can not reduce ".Above-mentioned theory is correct.Therefore adopt the low-temperature liquefaction technology, create low temperature environment, under the relatively low ambient temperature and under the medium temperature, obtain cryogenic liquide by flash distillation, the cryogenic liquide of selecting possesses the rerum natura of low-temperature vaporization, by sending into heat exchanger after the compression pump supercharging, the atmosphere and the heat in other fluid that absorb normal temperature or lower temperature are vaporizated into the relative higher steam with pressure of temperature, promote the turbo-expander acting; The cold that utilizes the different transfer of heat principle that cryogenic liquide evaporation is produced simultaneously is applied to the higher relatively cryogen of temperature that condensation is discharged from turbo-expander again, will send into flash distillation after the compressor compresses behind its greenhouse cooling, and circulation obtains cryogenic liquide.Just can realize: absorb heat from low-temperature heat source, make it all to be converted into merit and the heat engine that do not stay other any variations.Such system is feasible, it does not run counter to the law of thermodynamics, with the wind energy power generating system is example: when having cooled off two thermals source: 1. 2. exhaust steam of air (helium of discharging from turbine engine, nitrogen, carbon dioxide gas etc.), and also these processes all are enforceable.Selected under very environmental protection, the low temperature thermal performance compressed media preferably again in the system: helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide etc., can be from low-temperature heat source heat removal.
By this invention, can draw: system itself is as creating the relatively low environment of temperature, realize the two alternate mutual conversions of circulatory mediator vapour-liquid, this system just can be from the higher relatively thermal source of temperature heat removal, such system just can realize making it all to be converted into from the low-temperature heat source heat absorption heat engine of merit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment 1 a structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the schematic representation of embodiment's 1 another kind of structural type;
Fig. 3 is embodiment 2 a structural representation;
Fig. 4 is embodiment 3 a structural representation;
Fig. 5 is the schematic representation of embodiment's 3 another kind of structural types;
Fig. 6 is embodiment 4 a structural representation;
Fig. 7 is the schematic representation of embodiment's 4 another kind of structural types;
Fig. 8 is embodiment 5 a structural representation;
Fig. 9 is the turbo-expander in the system and compressor is as a whole, the structural representation when fluid energy reclaims heat exchanger and adopts fluid heat exchanger;
Figure 10 is for having many turbo-expander parallel connections, multiple compressors parallel connection, the system architecture schematic representation of many energy recovery heat exchangers parallel connection;
Figure 11 is the system architecture schematic representation of many turbo-expanders and compressor parallel;
Figure 12 is a turbo-expander and compressor is as a whole and the system architecture schematic representation of many parallel connections.
Figure 13 is parallel with the structural representation of two groups of circulation liquefaction medium heat exchanger package on the pipeline between turbo-expander and the flash drum;
Figure 14 is embodiment 6 a structural representation;
Figure 15 is another kind of structural representation of the embodiment 6.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: a kind of low-temperature liquefied energy recovery power supply system comprises that compressor 15, reduction valve 14, flash drum (also can be described as liquid container) 12, first heat exchanger 5, second heat exchanger 7, the 3rd heat exchanger 9, fluid energy reclaim heat exchanger 3, turbo-expander (also can be described as motor) 1, electrical power control cabinet 23, liquid booster pump 11 and the connecting tube between them and control wire harness.
Have between flash drum (also can be described as liquid container) 12 and the compressor 15 to make they are communicated with advance medium pipeline 16 and go out medium pipeline 17, going out between compressor 15 and the flash drum 12 places reduction valve 14 on the medium pipeline 17; Be connected by liquefaction cycle medium pipeline 25 between flash drum 12 and the liquid booster pump 11, the feed liquor medium pipeline 10 that is connected with liquid booster pump 11 outlets is communicated with first heat exchanger 9.The fed sheet of a media pipeline 8 that connects them is housed between first heat exchanger 9 and second heat exchanger 7 and discharges medium pipeline 19, the fed sheet of a media pipeline 6 that connects them is arranged between second heat exchanger 7 and the 3rd heat exchanger 5 and discharge medium pipeline 20, the 3rd heat exchanger 5 and fluid energy reclaim between the heat exchanger 3 and are connected by fed sheet of a media pipeline 4, and fluid energy reclaims between heat exchanger 3 and the turbo-expander 1 and connected by gas delivery medium pipeline 2.Discharging medium pipeline 21 by exhaust steam between turbo-expander 1 and the heat exchanger 5 is connected.Discharge medium pipeline 18 and be connected, advance medium pipeline 16 and be connected with the gas inlet of compressor with the medium pipeline 16 that advances between flash drum 12 and the compressor 15.
And the feed liquor medium pipeline 10 that is connected with liquid booster pump 11 outlet be with first heat exchanger 9 and second heat exchanger 7 between fed sheet of a media pipeline 4 between the fed sheet of a media pipeline 6, the 3rd heat exchanger 5 and the fluid energy recovery heat exchanger 3 that link to each other between the fed sheet of a media pipeline 8, second heat exchanger 7 and the 3rd heat exchanger 5 that link to each other and the gas delivery medium pipeline 2 between fluid energy recovery heat exchanger 3 and the turbo-expander 1 be connected.And discharge medium pipeline 19, the discharge medium pipeline 18 that links to each other with first heat exchanger 9 and the medium pipeline 16 that advances between flash drum 12 and the compressor 15 that the exhaust steam between turbo-expander 1 and the heat exchanger 5 is discharged between discharge medium pipeline 20, first heat exchanger 9 and second heat exchanger 7 between medium pipeline 21 and second heat exchanger 7 and the 3rd heat exchanger 5 are connected, and are connected with the gas inlet of compressor again.
The control cabinet 23 that links to each other with power line 22 reclaims heat exchanger 3 with compressor 15, reduction valve 14, turbo-expander 1, fluid energy respectively by guide line and power supply wire harness 24 and is connected with suction booster 11.It is other that control cabinet 23 can be installed on turbo-expander 1, also can select suitable mounting point.Be filled with an amount of helium or nitrogen or other compressed media in the medium pipeline.
Be air to be driven by blower fan send in this system fluid energy recovery heat exchanger 3 in the present embodiment; Be delivered in the heat exchanger after through the liquid after the flash distillation by the liquid booster pump supercharging, carry out heat exchange with the exhaust steam of discharging from turbo-expander, the loop compression medium progressively is heated into gas or partly is heated into gas (being heterogeneous fluid this moment), sending into then in the inherent energy recovery heat exchanger of energy recovery heat exchanger is made it be vaporized into the pressurized gas with uniform temperature fully by the further heating of air, enter turbo-expander 1, drive turbo-expander 1 and externally do work through gas delivery medium pipeline 2, the exhaust steam after the acting enters heat exchanger by exhaust steam discharge medium pipeline 21.To by liquid heating then progressively the becoming cryogenic gas after the process flash distillation of carrying after the suction booster supercharging, enter reduction valve after the process compressor boosts in heat exchanger, a part of flash distillation is a liquid in flash drum.Described flash drum is liquefaction medium flash drum.
Heat exchanger in the present embodiment not only can adopt three, can adopt one, two, four or other quantity as required.
In the present embodiment, be called one group of circulation liquefaction medium heat exchanger package by a feed liquor medium pipeline connection heat exchanger and an energy recovery heat exchanger that is connected with liquid booster pump 11 outlets.As required can the in parallel or at least two group circulation liquefaction medium heat exchanger package of connecting on the pipeline between turbo-expander and the flash drum.As shown in figure 13.
Embodiment 2: the structure of present embodiment is close with embodiment 1, just on the liquefaction cycle medium pipeline 25 between flash drum (also can be described as liquid container) 12 and the liquid booster pump 11, be communicated with one again and increase liquid pipe 26, increase liquid pipe 26 and be positioned at liquid booster pump 11 imports one side, other structure is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: between the flash drum 12 of present embodiment and the compressor 15 heat exchanger 13 is housed, heat exchanger 13 respectively with flash drum (also can be described as liquid container) 12 and compressor 15 between advance medium pipeline 16 and go out medium pipeline 17 to be connected, going out reduction valve 14 is housed on the medium pipeline 17; Reduction valve 14 is contained between flash drum 12 and the heat exchanger 13, discharges medium pipeline 18 and advances medium pipeline 16 and be connected.Other structures are identical with embodiment 1.System in the present embodiment sends into reduction valve 14 to pressurized gas after heat exchanger 13 coolings.
Embodiment 4: between the flash drum 12 of present embodiment and the compressor 15 heat exchanger 13 is housed, heat exchanger 13 on one side with flash drum 12 and compressor 15 between the medium pipeline 16 that advances be communicated with, one end of another side with go out medium pipeline 17 and link to each other, the other end is communicated with medium pipeline 29 on being contained in another heat exchanger 9a, and medium pipeline 29 is connected with the medium pipeline 28 that reduction valve 14 is housed by another heat exchanger 9a; The medium pipeline 28 that reduction valve 14 is housed links to each other with flash drum 12.The end of another heat exchanger 9a links to each other with the feed liquor medium pipeline 10 that liquid booster pump 11 outlets are connected, and the other end is communicated with by second heat exchanger 7 and first heat exchanger 5 that fed sheet of a media pipeline 8 and the feed liquor medium pipeline 10 that is connected by liquid booster pump 11 outlets are communicated with.Other structures are identical with embodiment 1.
Native system is further to send into reduction valve 14 after the cooling with sending into heat exchanger 9a through the pressurized gas of heat exchanger 13 coolings.
Embodiment 5: the structure of present embodiment is close with embodiment 4, but increases a turbo-expander 1a in compressor 17 outlets; Between heat exchanger 13 and the back heat exchanger 13a before being equipped with between the flash drum 12 of present embodiment and the compressor 15, flash drum 12 and compressor 15 advance medium pipeline 16 and preceding heat exchanger 13 with after heat exchanger 13a be communicated with; Going out reduction valve 14 is housed on the medium pipeline 17; Reduction valve 14 is contained between flash drum 12 and the preceding heat exchanger 13a; Discharge tube 17a is equipped with in the outlet of compressor 15, discharge tube 17a with go out medium pipeline 17 and inlet pipe 26 is connected, inlet pipe 26 links to each other with the turbo-expander 1a that increases again; The exhaust steam discharge tube of being adorned on the turbo-expander 1a that increases by 27 with advance medium pipeline 16 and be connected, connection place is at preceding heat exchanger 13 with afterwards between the heat exchanger 13a.The turbo-expander 1a that increases also links to each other with control cabinet 23 by guide line and power supply wire harness 24.
In order to make the more compact structure of system, turbo-expander among the present invention and compressor can be integrated into as a whole device; Like this, embodiment 1 structure then is shown in Figure 2; Embodiment 3 structure then is shown in Figure 5; Embodiment's 4 structures then are shown in Figure 8.
Embodiment 6: as shown in figure 14, a heat exchanger 9 is only arranged in the present embodiment, be equipped with between compressor and the flash drum and make they are communicated with advance medium pipeline 16 and go out medium pipeline 17, heat exchanger 9 is communicated with the medium pipeline 16 that goes out that links to each other with compressor, going out medium pipeline 17 is communicated with medium pipeline 30 on being contained in liquefaction medium flash drum 12 by heat exchanger 9, reduction valve 14 is housed on the medium pipeline 30, between liquefaction medium flash drum 12 and the liquid booster pump 11 the liquefied liquid output pipeline 25 that is communicated with them is arranged, heat exchanger 9 links to each other with the output pipeline 10 that liquid booster pump 11 outlets link to each other, output pipeline 10 reclaims heat exchanger 3 by heat exchanger 9 and fluid energy and is communicated with output pipeline 2, and this output pipeline 2 is communicated with turbo-expander 1; Discharge medium pipeline 21 and advance medium pipeline 16 and be connected with the exhaust steam that turbo-expander is communicated with.The control cabinet that links to each other with power line reclaims heat exchanger by guide line and power supply wire harness with compressor, flash valve, liquid booster pump, turbo-expander, fluid energy and is connected.
In order to make the more compact structure of system, turbo-expander among the present invention and compressor can be integrated into as a whole device; As shown in figure 15.
Turbo-expander and compressor can be integrated into as a whole device, perhaps use the turbo-expander pressure-increasing machine.
Fluid energy recovery heat exchanger in the foregoing description can be wind energy recovery heat exchanger and also can be fluid heat exchanger, when adopting fluid heat exchanger, the liquid that is utilized then should enter in the fluid heat exchanger from intake pipe the loop compression medium is further heated, and the equipment that the water of discharging from outlet pipe can be the various spaces that need cooling provides chilled water, needs to cool off provides cooling medium, provides the low temperature cold for various cryogenic freezing processes ....Fluid energy reclaims heat exchanger and can be the combination that wind energy reclaims heat exchanger and fluid heat exchanger.
Fig. 9 is as a whole for turbo-expander and compressor can be integrated into, the structural representation when fluid energy reclaims heat exchanger and adopts fluid heat exchanger;
Also can adopt the form that at least two group circulation liquefaction medium heat exchanger package between compressor parallel connection at least, turbo-expander and the flash drum are in parallel or connect with the tank connected compressor of flash distillation in the system among the present invention as required, as shown in figure 10;
Also can adopt many turbo-expander parallel connections, multiple compressors parallel connection, many in parallel or forms of connecting system pipeline afterwards of connecting of energy recovery heat exchanger, as shown in figure 11;
Also can adopt the structural type of connecting system behind many turbo-expanders and the compressor parallel; Or integrate turbo-expander and compressor as a whole and many back in parallel connecting systems, as shown in figure 12.
Be communicated with in the foregoing description all can install on the liquefied liquid output pipeline between liquefaction medium flash drum and the liquid booster pump and increase the liquid pipeline, this increases on the pipeline of ingress that the liquid pipeline should be contained in the liquefied liquid suction booster.
According to system design scheme, also can adopt the form of the energy recovery heat exchanger serial or parallel connection of various ways, so that contain in the exhaust steam that low-grade energy is arranged, the circulating water of refrigeration system etc. one or more to what the steam turbine of the water in air, the rivers,lakes and seas, thermal power plant or nuclear power plant was discharged, drive or the pressurized delivered of liquid pump by blower fan, import in this system fluid energy recovery heat exchanger and its Btu utilization.
Continue flash distillation after the compressed machine supercharging of gas in the native system after the flash distillation, the pressure and temperature after the compressed machine supercharging can not be too high, is beneficial to flash distillation and is advisable.Be controlled at below the 40k as the compressor exit temperature of helium and be advisable, the compressor exit temperature of nitrogen should be controlled at is advisable below the 140k etc.Temperature, the overpressure not only energy consumption of system increase, and the liquefied fraction of flash system will reduce greatly, even can't liquefy.It is low more that the temperature of liquefaction system keeps, the easy more liquefaction of gas, and system energy consumption is low more.