CN101745000B - 一种人参,麦冬和五味子的提取方法及其制剂 - Google Patents
一种人参,麦冬和五味子的提取方法及其制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101745000B CN101745000B CN 200810153781 CN200810153781A CN101745000B CN 101745000 B CN101745000 B CN 101745000B CN 200810153781 CN200810153781 CN 200810153781 CN 200810153781 A CN200810153781 A CN 200810153781A CN 101745000 B CN101745000 B CN 101745000B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种中药提取方法及其药物制剂,特别涉及一种治疗心血管疾病的益气复脉制剂及其制备方法,该制剂由人参,麦冬和五味子三味中药制备而成。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种中药提取方法及其药物制剂,特别涉及一种治疗心血管疾病的益气复脉制剂及其制备方法,该制剂由人参,麦冬和五味子三味中药制备而成。
背景技术:
人参为五加科植物人参Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.的根。其药性甘、微苦,平,归肺、脾、心经;其功效大补元气,补脾益肺,生津,安神益智。应用:元气虚脱证了,肺脾心肾气虚证,热病气虚津伤口渴及消渴证。其化学成分包含多种人参皂苷、挥发油、氨基酸、微量元素及有机酸、糖类、维生素等。
麦冬又名沿阶草、书带草,为百合科沿阶草属多年生常绿草本植物。须根较粗壮,根的顶端或中部常膨大成为纺锤状肉质小块。其性味与归经:甘、微苦,微寒,归心、肺、胃经。其功能与主治:养阴生津,润肺清心,用于肺燥干咳,虚痨咳嗽,津伤口渴,心烦失眠,内热消渴,肠燥便秘,咽白喉。其化学成分包含麦冬多糖和麦冬总皂苷等。
五味子,俗称山花椒、秤砣子、药五味子、面藤、五梅子等,古医书称它荎蕏、玄及、会及。其为木兰科植物五味子的果实。五味子果实作中药功能益气生津、敛肺滋肾、止泻、涩精、安神,可治久咳虚喘、津少口干、遗精久泻、健忘失眠等症。药理试验证明能调节中枢神经系统的兴奋和抑制过程,促进肌体代谢,调节胃液和胆液分泌,对肝炎恢复期转氨酶升高者有降低作用。果皮及成熟种皮含木脂素,是五味子的药用有效成分,其中包括多种五味子素。种子含脂肪,油脂可制肥皂或机械润滑油。茎叶及种子均可提取芳香油。
益气复脉制剂来源于古方生脉散,生脉散出处《医学启源》,其由人参,麦冬,五味子组成,具有益气养阴,复脉固脱,临床常用于治疗急性心肌梗死、心源性休克、中毒性休克、失血性休克及冠心病、内分泌失调等病属气阴两虚者。
现有益气复脉制剂提取工艺如下:
中国专利CN200310116732.9公开了一种制备注射用生脉冻干粉针剂的方法,先对五味子用60-80%乙醇回流提取2-3次,每次60-120min,回收乙醇至物醇味,浸膏在搅拌下加入乙醇,使含醇量达60-80%,滤过,减压浓缩得提取液A;再用乙醇提取后的五味子药渣与人参,麦冬加水合煎,合并水提取液浓缩后,再经醇沉,滤过,回收乙醇后用10-15倍量去离子水溶解后,用大孔吸附树脂处理,先以去离子水洗至无糖,再以乙醇洗至无皂甙止,回收醇洗脱液,浓缩得提取液B;将上述人参,麦冬和五味子水提醇沉后的沉淀加蒸馏水溶解,滤过,干燥,得水提多糖粗品,将多糖粗品加蒸馏水溶解,过中空纤维柱超滤,得提取液C。
中国专利CN200410057331.5公开了一种制备生脉注射制剂的方法,人参用乙醇提取三次,合并提取液,减压浓缩,加水至与药材比1∶1,分离除去上层油,过滤,浓缩,真空干燥,得人参提取物;麦冬与五味子分别加水煎煮,合并提取液,减压浓缩,加乙醇,放置,滤过,滤液减压浓缩,再加乙醇,放置,过滤,调节pH值,放置,过滤,再调pH值,减压回收,真空干燥,分别得麦冬、五味子提取物。
中国专利CN200410021920.8公开了一种益气复脉制剂的制备方法,红参用乙醇提取,回收乙醇,加水沉淀,过滤,浓缩,真空干燥、喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥,得红参提取物;麦冬、五味子用水提取,提取液浓缩后,醇沉,回收乙醇,将药液浓缩,再用真空干燥、喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥法干燥,得麦冬、五味子提取物。
中国专利CN96117457.9公开了一种生脉注射液及其制备方法,取红参与麦冬混合,用乙醇浸渍,滤过,醇回流提取;五味子用水蒸气蒸馏、水煎煮、醇沉淀提取。
中国专利CN 200310121126.6公开了一种注射用生脉及其制备方法,红参的药用组分采用渗源法、乙醇回流与水煎煮相结合提取;麦冬的药用组分采用乙醇回流与水煎煮相结合提取;五味子的药用组分采用水蒸馏、乙醇回流与水煎煮相结合提取;提取工艺流程如下:(1)红参先采用乙醇渗源提取,得红参有效成分提取液a;随后将渗源提取过的红参再用乙醇回流提取,得红参有效成分提取液b;再将乙醇回流提取过的红参用水煎煮提取,滤过,滤液浓缩后醇沉,然后取上清液滤过,滤液与上述a、b合并,冷藏,取上清液滤过,滤液浓缩后水沉,然后取上清液滤过,即得红参药用组分提取液C;(2)麦冬先采用乙醇回流提取,冷藏,取上清液滤过,滤液浓缩后水沉,再取上清液滤过,即得麦冬有效成分提取液d;再将乙醇回流提取过的麦冬用水煎煮提取,滤过,滤液浓缩后醇沉,然 后取上清液滤过,回收乙醇并浓缩至稠膏状,水沉,然后取上清液滤过,即得麦冬药用组分提取液e:将麦冬有效成分提取液d与e合并,滤过,即得麦冬药用组分提取液f;(3)五味子蒸馏液采用将五味子用水蒸汽蒸馏,收集馏液即得五味子蒸馏液g:收集馏液后的五味子先采用乙醇回流提取,冷藏,取上清液滤过,滤过浓缩后水沉,取上清液滤过,即得五味子有效成分提取液h:再将乙醇回流提取过的五味子用水煎煮提取,滤过,滤液浓缩后二次醇沉,然后取上清液滤过,回收乙醇并浓缩至稠膏状,水沉,然后去上清液滤过,即得五味子药用组分提取液i;将五味子有效成分提取液g、h与i合并,滤过,即得五味子药用组成提取液j。
中国专利CN99114091.5公开了一种治疗心血管病的药物及其制备方法,将人参、麦冬、五味子加水合煎;水提取液或洗脱液经过乙醇或丙酮沉淀;大孔树脂处理;离子交换树脂处理;分离得到提取物的有效成分。
中国专利CN200510088087.3公开了一种生脉注射制剂及其制备方法,红参提取物的制备方法采用常规的乙醇回流法提取,五味子提取物的制备方法是,取五味子药材加6倍量的水提取3次,每次40min,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至相对密度1.10~1.15,加入95%乙醇进行两次醇沉,第一次使含醇量达80%,第二次使含醇量达85%,滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇至相对密度1.10~1.15,加水搅匀,静置,滤过,滤液加入重量体积比为0.4%的活性炭,煮沸,保持微沸30nin,稍冷滤过,该工艺未提取五味子药材中的挥发油类成分;麦冬提取物的制备方法是:取麦冬药材,水煮醇沉后滤过,滤液回收乙醇后加水搅匀,静置,滤过,得滤液A,将醇沉的沉淀加水溶解,静置,滤过,得滤液B,将滤液A和B合并,加入活性炭处理,滤过,该工艺提取了麦冬药材中的多糖类成分。
中国专利CN2005100081662.7公开了一种生脉注射制剂及其制备方法,将红参药材切片,用5~10倍量60%~90%的乙醇回流1~5次,每次0.5~3小时,合并回流液,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇至相对密度为1.10~1.15,所得稠膏加水,搅匀,2~SOC静置6~20小时,滤过,滤液用活性炭处理,滤过,得滤液A供配液用;取麦各药材,加5~10借量的水提取1~4次,每次20~90min,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.05~1.10,加入95%乙醇进行两次醇沉,第一次使含醇量达80%,第二次使含醇量达85%,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇至相 对密度为1.10~1.15,加水,搅匀,置6~20小时,滤过,得滤液B1,将两次醇沉的沉淀合并,加入注射用水溶解,静置6~20小时,滤过,得滤液B2,将滤液B1和B2合并,加入重量体积比为0.1-3%的活性炭处理,滤过,得滤液B供配液用;五味子药材加4~8倍量的水提取1~4次,每次20~90min,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.15,所得稠膏加入95%乙醇进行两次醇沉,第一次使含醇量达80%,第二次使含醇量达85%,滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇至相对密度为1.10~1.15,加水,搅匀,静置,滤过,滤液用活性炭处理后,滤过,得滤液C供配液用;将滤液A、B、C混匀,按照常规方法制成不同的制剂。
现有技术中生产工艺复杂,成本高,提取率低的问题一直没有被克服。
本发明经过长时间的研究,克服了现行提取工艺的缺点,发明了一种有效成分提取率高,稳定性好,用药量少,见效快,成本低,易于长时间保存的提取方法。
发明内容:
本发明提供一种新的益气复脉提取物及其制备方法。
益气复脉由人参1-50份、麦冬3-150份,五味子1.5-75份按照一定的提取工艺制备而成的中药制剂,益气复脉处方优选为:人参1份、麦冬3份、五味子1.5份,所述份为重量份。
其中人参为红参或生晒参,优选红参。五味子为北五味子或南五味子,优选北五味子。
本发明的制备方法包括将人参1份、麦冬3份、五味子1.5份三味中药中的两味中药一同提取,另一中药单独提取。
本发明的制备方法,是将五味子,麦冬合提,人参单提。
本发明的制备方法,其中所述合提是指将麦冬,五味子混合在一起。用水提取或用醇提取。所述单提是指将人参用水提取或用醇提取单独提取。
其中用水提取是指用水浸泡或用水加热煮提或用水加热回流提取,
用醇提取是指使用含有乙醇或其他醇类物质的溶剂用浸泡,渗漉,加热回流等方式提取,其中优选的醇是乙醇,乙醇可以是30%-100%浓度的乙醇。
本发明的制备方法,还包括将第一次或第二次提取后的药渣进一步用水或醇提取 的步骤。
本发明的制备方法,还包括将提取后的提取产物进行分离和纯化的步骤。
所述分离和纯化包括沉淀,过滤,洗涤,层析,超滤膜超滤,大孔吸附树脂法纯化,重结晶等方法。
为此,本发明的制备方法优选的采用以下方法
(一)麦冬、五味子合提提取步骤如下:
(1)取处方量的麦冬和五味子,用70~95%的乙醇回流提取;
(2)残渣挥干乙醇后,加水回流提取;
(3)水提液用截流分子量为30000到100000的超滤膜超滤,流出液浓缩、过滤;
(4)第(3)步所得上清液冷藏后过滤、浓缩得浸膏;
(5)第(3)步所得沉淀依次用无水乙醇、乙醚和乙醇洗涤得多糖;
合并步骤(4)和(5)的产物为合提物。
步骤(1)是用生药量5~8倍的乙醇回流,每次1~3小时,提取1~3次。
步骤(2)是用水回流4~10倍的水回流2~3次,每次30分钟至2小时。
(二)人参单提,提取步骤如下:
人参切片,加水煮2次,每次3小时,合并煎液,浓缩,加乙醇,减压回收乙醇,得到的为单提物。
以上合提物和单提物合并即为本发明的提取物。
本发明最优选的制备方法在实施例中。
本发明还提供用本发明的提取物作为药物活性成分制备成的药物组合物,本发明的药物组合物,包括提取物,根据需要该组合物还可以加入药物可接受的载体。
本发明的组合物,是单位剂量的药物制剂形式,所述单位剂量形式是指制剂的单位,如片剂的每片,胶囊的每粒胶囊,口服液的每瓶,颗粒剂每袋等。
本发明的组合物其中的有效组分,其在制剂中所占重量百分比可以是0.1-99.9%,其余为药物可接受的载体。
本发明的组合物,通过将上述有效组分和药物可接受的载体混合制备得到。本发明的组合物,其药物制剂形式可以是任何可药用的剂型,这些剂型包括:片剂、糖衣片剂、薄膜衣片剂、肠溶衣片剂、胶囊剂、硬胶囊剂、软胶囊剂、口服 液、口含剂、颗粒剂、冲剂、丸剂、散剂、膏剂、丹剂、混悬剂、粉剂、溶液剂、注射剂、栓剂、软膏剂、硬膏剂、霜剂、喷雾剂、滴剂、贴剂。本发明的制剂,优选的是注射剂,更优选的是冻干粉针。
本发明的组合物,其口服给药的制剂可含有常用的赋形剂,诸如粘合剂、填充剂、稀释剂、压片剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、着色剂、调味剂和湿润剂,必要时可对片剂进行包衣。
适用的填充剂包括纤维素、甘露糖醇、乳糖和其它类似的填充剂。适宜的崩解剂包括淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和淀粉衍生物,例如羟基乙酸淀粉钠。适宜的润滑剂包括,例如硬脂酸镁。适宜的药物可接受的湿润剂包括十二烷基硫酸钠。
可通过混合,填充,压片等常用的方法制备固体口服组合物。进行反复混合可使活性物质分布在整个使用大量填充剂的那些组合物中。
口服液体制剂的形式例如可以是水性或油性悬浮液、溶液、乳剂、糖浆剂或酏剂,或者可以是一种在使用前可用水或其它适宜的载体复配的干燥产品。这种液体制剂可含有常规的添加剂,诸如悬浮剂,例如山梨醇、糖浆、甲基纤维素、明胶、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、硬脂酸铝凝胶或氢化食用脂肪,乳化剂,例如卵磷脂、脱水山梨醇一油酸酯或阿拉伯胶;非水性载体(它们可以包括食用油),例如杏仁油、分馏椰子油、诸如甘油的酯的油性酯、丙二醇或乙醇;防腐剂,例如对羟基苯甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯或山梨酸,并且如果需要,可含有常规的香味剂或着色剂。
对于注射剂,制备的液体单位剂型含有本发明的活性物质和无菌载体。根据载体和浓度,可以将此化合物悬浮或者溶解。溶液的制备通常是通过将活性物质溶解在一种载体中,在将其装入一种适宜的小瓶或安瓿前过滤消毒,然后密封。辅料例如一种局部麻醉剂、防腐剂和缓冲剂也可以溶解在这种载体中。为了提高其稳定性,可在装入小瓶以后将这种组合物冰冻,并在真空下将水除去。
本发明的组合物,在制备成药剂时可选择性的加入适合的药物可接受的载体,所述药物可接受的载体选自:葡甲胺、甘露醇、山梨醇、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、硫代硫酸钠、盐酸半胱氨酸、巯基乙酸、蛋氨酸、维生素C、EDTA二钠、EDTA钙钠,一价碱金属的碳酸盐、醋酸盐、磷酸盐或其水溶液、盐酸、醋酸、硫酸、磷酸、氨基酸、氯化钠、氯化钾、乳酸钠、木糖醇、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、果糖、右 旋糖苷、甘氨酸、淀粉、蔗糖、乳糖、甘露糖醇、硅衍生物、纤维素及其衍生物、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甘油、土温80、琼脂、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钙、表面活性剂、聚乙二醇、环糊精、β-环糊精、磷脂类材料、高岭土、滑石粉、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁等。
本发明的组合物在使用时根据病人的情况确定用法用量,可每日服三次,每次1-20剂,如:1-20袋或粒或片。
本发明的有益效果:
通过本发明的提取方法,可同时得到五味子木脂素和麦冬多糖。多糖含量约为3.8-4%,五味子甲素和五味子乙素含量在10%以上,杂质少。
人参浸膏含量50%,棕红色块状物,皂苷含量4.13%。
(多糖测定采用:苯酚-硫酸法,参见赵虹桥 朱炯波 董爱文等麦冬种子多糖的提取及含量测定 种子世界2004,12:24-26;五味子甲素和五味子乙素含量测定方法参见:王茹 张琰 程建峰等五味子活性成分提取工艺的优选华南国防医学杂志2006,19(6):4-6、47)
溶液稳定性试验:
将实施例1、2或3的提取物,加入葡甲胺;100℃加热1小时,冷藏过夜,加入甘露醇,过滤,定容;取溶液2ml,罐装透明安瓶,密封,溶液避光放置,在1天,3天,10天,30天目测澄明度,结果见下表。
表1溶液稳定性试验
本发明的提取方法有效成分提取率高,成本低,操作简单,成品稳定性好,用药量少,疗效高,见效快,易于长时间保存。
具体事实方式:
下面将结合本发明的实施例进一步详细说明本发明的实质内容,该实施例仅用于说明本发明而对本发明并没有限制。
实施例1
(一)麦冬、五味子合提,提取步骤如下:
(1)取处方量的麦冬和五味子,用生药量5倍的70%乙醇回流,每次1小时,提取1次;
(2)残渣挥干乙醇后,用水回流,4倍量的水回流2次,每次30分钟;
(3)水提液用截流分子量为30000的超滤膜超滤,流出液浓缩、过滤;
(4)第(3)步所得上清液冷藏后过滤、浓缩得浸膏;
(5)第(3)步所得沉淀依次用无水乙醇、乙醚和乙醇洗涤得多糖;
合并步骤(4)和(5)的产物为合提物。
(二)人参单提,提取步骤如下:
人参切片,加水煮2次,每次3小时,合并煎液,浓缩,加乙醇,减压回收乙醇,得到的物质为单提物。
以上合提物和单提物合并得到提取物。
实施例2
(一)麦冬、五味子合提,提取步骤如下:
(1)取处方量的麦冬和五味子,用生药量8倍的95%乙醇回流,每次3小时,提取3次;
(2)残渣挥干乙醇后,用水回流10倍的水回流3次,每次2小时;
(3)水提液用截流分子量为100000的超滤膜超滤,流出液浓缩、过滤;
(4)第(3)步所得上清液冷藏后过滤、浓缩得浸膏;
(5)第(3)步所得沉淀依次用无水乙醇、乙醚和乙醇洗涤得多糖;
合并步骤(4)和(5)的产物为合提物。
(二)人参单提,提取步骤如下:
人参切片,加水煮2次,每次3小时,合并煎液,浓缩,加乙醇,减压回收乙醇,得到的物质为单提物。
以上合提物和单提物合并即为本发明的提取物。
实施例3
(一)麦冬、五味子合提,提取步骤如下:
(1)取处方量的麦冬和五味子,用生药量6倍的80%乙醇回流,每次2小时,提取2次;
(2)残渣挥干乙醇后,用水回流6倍的水回流3次,每次1小时;
(3)水提液用截流分子量为60000的超滤膜超滤,流出液浓缩、过滤;
(4)第(3)步所得上清液冷藏后过滤、浓缩得浸膏;
(5)第(3)步所得沉淀依次用无水乙醇、乙醚和乙醇洗涤得多糖;
合并步骤(4)和(5)的产物为合提物。
(二)人参单提,提取步骤如下:
人参切片,加水煮2次,每次3小时,合并煎液,浓缩,加乙醇,减压回收乙醇,得到的物质为单提物。
以上合提物和单提物合并得到提取物。
实施例4
冻干制剂的制备:
(1)将实施例1、2或3的提取物,加入葡甲胺;100℃加热1小时,冷藏过夜,加入甘露醇,过滤,定容;
(2)活性炭脱色;
(3)补水;
(4)除菌过滤;
(5)灌装;
(6)冻干。
实施例5
其他制剂的制备:
将实施例1、2或3的提取物,加入载体,按制剂学常规技术,制备成片剂,胶囊,颗粒,口服液等剂型。
Claims (5)
1.一种益气复脉提取物的制备方法,所述益气复脉提取物由人参1份,麦冬3份,五味子1.5份制成,其特征在于,所述制备方法,包括麦冬、五味子合提,提取步骤如下:
(1)取麦冬和五味子,用70~95%的乙醇回流提取;
(2)残渣挥干乙醇后,加水回流提取;
(3)水提液用截流分子量为30000到100000的超滤膜超滤,流出液浓缩、过滤;
(4)第(3)步所得上清液冷藏后过滤、浓缩得浸膏;
(5)第(3)步所得沉淀依次用无水乙醇、乙醚和乙醇洗涤得多糖;
合并步骤(4)和(5)的产物为合提物;
人参单提,提取步骤如下:
人参加水煮2次,每次3小时,合并煎液,浓缩,加乙醇,减压回收乙醇,得到的为单提物;
合提物和单提物合并得到提取物。
2.权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述麦冬、五味子合提的提取方法,其中步骤(1)是用生药量5~8倍的乙醇回流,每次1~3小时,提取1~3次;步骤(2)是用水回流4~10倍的水回流2~3次,每次30分钟至2小时。
3.权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
麦冬、五味子合提,提取步骤如下:
(1)取麦冬和五味子,用生药量5倍的70%乙醇回流,每次1小时,提取1次;
(2)残渣挥干乙醇后,用水回流,4倍量的水回流2次,每次30分钟;
(3)水提液用截流分子量为30000的超滤膜超滤,流出液浓缩、过滤;
(4)第(3)步所得上清液冷藏后过滤、浓缩得浸膏;
(5)第(3)步所得沉淀依次用无水乙醇、乙醚和乙醇洗涤得多糖;
合并步骤(4)和(5)的产物为合提物;
人参单提,提取步骤如下:
人参切片,加水煮2次,每次3小时,合并煎液,浓缩,加乙醇,减压回收乙醇,得到的物质为单提物;
以上合提物和单提物合并得到提取物。
4.权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
麦冬、五味子合提,提取步骤如下:
(1)取麦冬和五味子,用生药量8倍的95%乙醇回流,每次3小时,提取3次;
(2)残渣挥干乙醇后,用水回流10倍的水回流3次,每次2小时;
(3)水提液用截流分子量为100000的超滤膜超滤,流出液浓缩、过滤;
(4)第(3)步所得上清液冷藏后过滤、浓缩得浸膏;
(5)第(3)步所得沉淀依次用无水乙醇、乙醚和乙醇洗涤得多糖;
合并步骤(4)和(5)的产物为合提物,
人参单提,提取步骤如下:
人参切片,加水煮2次,每次3小时,合并煎液,浓缩,加乙醇,减压回收乙醇,得到的物质为单提物,以上合提物和单提物合并得到提取物。
5.权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
麦冬、五味子合提,提取步骤如下:
(1)取麦冬和五味子,用生药量6倍的80%乙醇回流,每次2小时,提取2次;
(2)残渣挥干乙醇后,用水回流6倍的水回流3次,每次1小时;
(3)水提液用截流分子量为60000的超滤膜超滤,流出液浓缩、过滤;
(4)第(3)步所得上清液冷藏后过滤、浓缩得浸膏;
(5)第(3)步所得沉淀依次用无水乙醇、乙醚和乙醇洗涤得多糖;
合并步骤(4)和(5)的产物为合提物,
人参单提,提取步骤如下:
人参切片,加水煮2次,每次3小时,合并煎液,浓缩,加乙醇,减压回收乙醇,得到的物质为单提物,以上合提物和单提物合并得到提取物。
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