CN101735791B - 魔芋葡甘聚糖水基压裂液与制备方法和破胶方法 - Google Patents
魔芋葡甘聚糖水基压裂液与制备方法和破胶方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种魔芋葡甘聚糖水基压裂液的制备方法和破胶方法,各组分的质量组成是:魔芋粉0.35%,硼砂0.2%,硫代硫酸钠0.008mol/L,氯化钾0.033mol/L,碳酸钠0.033%,余量为水。向制得的魔芋水凝胶中加入破胶剂β-甘露聚糖酶,使凝胶发生降解破胶,通过调节加入至凝胶中的酶含量以实现魔芋葡甘聚糖水基压裂液的可控降解,酶解终产物粘度低且无残渣。本发明工艺简单、实施效果良好,可在较低魔芋粉质量浓度(0.3%)条件下制得高粘度凝胶(31093cP),且具有良好的粘弹性及稳定性;酶促可控水解简便易行,加酶量为魔芋粉质量浓度的百分之一时,酶解5h,粘度小于20cP,无残渣、无污染,绿色环保,且易反排,对地层破坏较小。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种魔芋葡甘聚糖水基压裂液与制备方法和破胶方法,具体是利用天然大分子植物多糖魔芋的独特性质,制备高粘弹性及环境友好性油田用水基压裂液,并利用魔芋的生物可降解性,对魔芋水凝胶进行酶解调控,促进油田二次及三次采油工艺的开发。
背景技术
魔芋葡甘聚糖(Konjac Glucomannan,简称KGM)作为魔芋块茎中的主要成分,是继纤维素和淀粉之后,一种较为丰富的可再生天然高分子资源,可生物降解,其水溶胶具有极高的粘度和增稠、胶凝、成膜等优良特性,在食品、化工、纺织、石油开采等领域均有很好的应用价值。
KGM由分子比为1∶1.5~1.6的葡萄糖和甘露糖通过β-1,4糖苷键结合而成,在某些残基C-3位上存在由β-1,3糖苷键组成的支链,故分子中含有大量羟基,能结合80~120倍水分,膨胀形成溶胶。KGM溶胶具有奇特的可逆性,在低温下(10~15℃)呈液态或糊状,而在常温或升温至60℃以上时则变为固态或呈半凝固状态,冷却后又恢复为液态。这种奇特的性质使KGM可应用于石油开采过程。KGM在上述条件下所形成的凝胶都是热可逆凝胶,但如果有KOH、NaOH、Na2CO3、K2CO3、K3PO4等试剂存在,即在碱性条件下加热或加入适当交联剂,则所形成的凝胶为热不可逆凝胶,该凝胶不再溶于水,对热也较稳定,其成胶机理为:碱性加热条件下,KGM分子链上由乙酸与糖残基上羟基所形成的酯键发生水解,即脱去乙酰基,部分分子问可形成氢键并成为节点形成网状结构体,即凝胶。在石油开采中,KGM经溶胀、交联后形成性能稳定的凝胶,对地层中的原油进行封堵而富集,再使用酶破胶,便于原油的采出。
目前,石油开采中普遍使用化学凝胶封堵技术来提高采出率。如:CN1258709A采用磷酸酯铝油基压裂液胶凝剂,用二烷基磷酸酯铝与甲苯等油基试剂制备压裂液;CN1613959A采用聚丙烯酰胺、醋酸铬、醋酸锆、乙酸、甲酸、二氧化氯及聚氧乙烯醚等试剂制备化学凝胶作为油田压裂液;CN85105346A采用无机钛化合物作为交联剂,制备聚丙烯酰胺冻胶压裂液;CN1069912C采用硫酸铵作为氧化剂,亚硫酸钠作为还原剂,利用氧化还原方法对压裂液进行破胶。上述方法中用于油田压裂封堵的凝胶多为有机高聚物凝胶,其破胶主要采用化学方法,降解后凝胶残渣较多,对地层破坏较大,不利于二次及三次采油的开展,影响资源的可持续利用。因此,对于天然植物胶的开发与利用成为当今世界关注的热点。美国能源部大力扶持利用瓜尔豆胶制备凝胶进行水力压裂,实现了油气并收,并减少了污染,而在我国目前尚缺乏天然植物凝胶压裂液的研制及酶促破胶应用于油气开采的完备方法。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种魔芋葡甘聚糖水基压裂液及制备方法和破胶方法。从天然植物多糖魔芋粉制备魔芋水凝胶压裂液,并利用酶促水解技术破胶反排。该方法操作简便,可以制备出高粘弹性凝胶;绿色、无污染,酶促水解后基本无残渣,对地层破坏小。
本发明提供的一种魔芋葡甘聚糖水基压裂液是由魔芋粉、增强剂、脱支剂、交联剂和交联剂助剂组成,质量配方:
魔芋粉 0.2~2%
交联剂 0.06~0.5%
交联剂助剂盐硫代硫酸钠 0.005~0.05mol/L
增强剂盐 0.01~0.05mol/L
脱支剂 0.01~0.1%
水 余量
所述的交联剂为无机硼或有机硼。
所述的增强剂盐为氯化钾、氯化钠、硫酸钠、硫酸钾中的至少一种;
所述的脱支剂为碳酸钠、亚硫酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、亚硫酸钾、碳酸氢钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、磷酸钾、磷酸钠中的至少一种。优选脱支剂碳酸钠,质量浓度为0.033~0.067%。
可选地:
魔芋粉 0.35%
硼砂 0.2%
硫代硫酸钠 0.008mol/L
氯化钾 0.033mol/L
碳酸钠 0.033%。
水 余量。
本发明提供的一种魔芋葡甘聚糖水基压裂液的制备方法和破胶方法包括以下步骤:
1)在20~85℃(优选60℃)搅拌状态下,按计量向含有增强剂盐和交联剂助剂盐的蒸馏水中加入魔芋粉,充分溶胀1~1.5h,得到魔芋溶液;
2)将脱支剂加入到魔芋溶液中,60℃下混合溶胀,脱去魔芋粉主要成分魔芋葡甘聚糖分子中的乙酰基支链;
3)将交联剂溶液加入到2)溶液中,持续搅拌,制得魔芋水凝胶;
4)向制得的魔芋水凝胶中加入破胶剂β-甘露聚糖酶,使凝胶发生降解。其中酶的加入量可根据降解时间的需要进行调节,一般为凝胶中魔芋粉质量的1/10000~1/100;酶解条件:pH为7.0~8.0,温度为室温。
破胶剂β-甘露聚糖酶的加入量为:0.1-10%(占魔芋粉的质量比例)。
步骤1)中加入的第一种增强剂盐的目的是使KGM分子在水溶液中良好舒展和充分溶胀;加入第二种交联剂助剂盐的目的是促进KGM分子在交联剂作用下发生有效的交联。
步骤2)中所述脱支剂作用是脱去KGM分子链上的侧链乙酰基,使KGM支链减少而变得平滑,有利于高效交联,以提高凝胶的强度、粘度和性能。
步骤2)中脱支剂碳酸钠溶液加入到魔芋溶液后混合溶解的时间不宜过长,也不宜在剧烈加热条件下混合,否则将在魔芋溶液中生成白色絮状沉淀物,降低生成的凝胶粘度;加入碳酸钠溶液时一定要缓慢,避免溶液中局部区域碱浓度突然升高,减小白色絮状沉淀出现的概率。
步骤3)中所述交联剂与魔芋溶液共混温度为35~85℃、时间为15min~1h,优选60℃水浴下共混20min。
步骤3)中交联剂硼砂溶液要滴加至脱去支链后的魔芋粉溶液中,搅拌时间为0.5~3h,静置时间为6~24h,优选搅拌1h,静置24h。
步骤3)中交联剂硼砂溶液的滴加过程一定要缓慢,保证KGM分子在充分伸展的条件下均匀的形成凝胶,不造成分子链的纠结缠绕,避免凝胶不均匀。
步骤4)中所述为油井压裂完成后,在反排过程中,对魔芋水凝胶进行降解,使凝胶粘度降低,从而增大其导流能力,有利反排。实际操作中,可根据需要加入不同酶量,调控压裂液降解时间及程度以提高油田作业的效率,减小对油井的破坏,实现石油开采的可持续进行。
步骤4)中所加入的酶为β-甘露聚糖酶,其加入量可根据附图中不同酶与魔芋粉质量比时,魔芋水凝胶降解过程中粘度的变化规律而定,以实现魔芋水凝胶的降解调控。
本发明提供了一种魔芋葡甘聚糖水基压裂液及制备方法和破胶方法。从天然植物多糖魔芋粉制备魔芋水凝胶压裂液,并利用酶促水解技术破胶反排。通过调节加入至凝胶中的酶质量以实现魔芋水凝胶压裂液的可控降解,酶解终产物粘度低且无残渣。本发明工艺简单、实施效果良好,可在较低魔芋质量浓度(0.3%)条件下制得高粘度凝胶(31093cP),且具有良好的粘弹性及稳定性;酶促可控水解简便易行,加酶量为魔芋粉质量浓度的百分之一时,酶解5h,粘度为10~15cP左右,无残渣、无污染,绿色环保,且易反排,对地层破坏较小。
附图说明
图1为不同魔芋粉含量时所成凝胶粘度变化曲线。
图2为酶与魔芋粉质量比例1∶100条件下魔芋水凝胶降解过程中粘度的变化曲线。
图3为酶与魔芋粉质量比例1∶1000条件下魔芋水凝胶降解过程中粘度的变化曲线。
图4为酶与魔芋粉质量比例1∶10000条件下魔芋水凝胶降解过程中粘度的变化曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)称取氯化钾0.745g及硫代硫酸钠0.595g溶于100mL蒸馏水中;
(2)称取魔芋粉末0.525g,在水浴60℃、搅拌状态下溶于步骤(1)中所述溶液中,充分溶胀1~1.5h;
(3)称取碳酸钠0.106g,溶于20mL蒸馏水中,溶解完全后,将其在60℃条件下,滴加至溶胀充分的魔芋溶液中,混合20min,持续搅拌;
(4)称取硼砂0.5g,溶于30mL蒸馏水中,溶解完全后,将其在60℃条件下,滴加至步骤(3)所述溶液中,混合1h,持续搅拌,制得魔芋水凝胶;
(5)将步骤(4)中制备所得魔芋凝胶静置24h后,利用旋转粘度计测得其粘度为35019cP;
向魔芋水凝胶中加入β-甘露聚糖酶(制备方法见文献,Chemical and BiochemicalEngineering Quarterly,2008,22(3),355-362),酶与凝胶中魔芋粉质量比例为1∶100(所用β-甘露聚糖酶酶活为1500U/g),pH为7.0~8.0,温度为室温时,酶解5h,凝胶粘度降低至10~15cP,基本无残渣,岩心渗透率为93%,故易反排。图2为酶与魔芋粉质量比例为1∶100条件下,魔芋水凝胶降解过程中粘度的变化曲线。
实施例2
(1)称取氯化钾0.745g及硫代硫酸钠0.595g溶于100mL蒸馏水中;
(2)称取魔芋粉0.55g,在水浴60℃、搅拌状态下溶于步骤(1)中所述溶液中,充分溶胀1~1.5h;
(3)称取碳酸钠0.106g,溶于20mL蒸馏水中,溶解完全后,将其在60℃条件下,滴加至溶胀充分的魔芋溶液中,混合20min,持续搅拌;
(4)称取硼砂0.5g,溶于30mL蒸馏水中,溶解完全后,将其在60℃条件下,滴加至步骤(3)所述溶液中,混合1h,持续搅拌,制得魔芋水凝胶;
(5)将步骤(4)中所得魔芋水凝胶静置24h后,利用旋转粘度计测得其粘度为45290cP;
向魔芋水凝胶中加入β-甘露聚糖酶,酶与凝胶中魔芋粉质量比例为1∶1000(所用β-甘露聚糖酶酶活为1500U/g),pH为7.0~8.0,温度为室温时,酶解10h,凝胶粘度降低至10~15cP,基本无残渣,岩心渗透率为93%,故易反排。图3为酶与魔芋粉质量比例为1∶1000条件下,魔芋水凝胶降解过程中粘度的变化曲线。
实施例3
实验操作同实施例1,成胶配方如下,制备的魔芋水凝胶粘度达31093cP。
材料 用量 浓度
凝胶总质量 151.9g ——
魔芋粉质量 0.45g 0.3%(质量浓度)
交联剂硼砂 0.30g 0.2%(质量浓度)
Na2S2O8 0.30g 0.008mol/L(摩尔浓度)
KCl 0.35g 0.033mol/L(摩尔浓度)
Na2CO3 0.05g 0.033%(质量浓度)
水 150g ——
粘度 31093cP ——。
Claims (2)
1.一种魔芋葡甘聚糖水基压裂液,其特征在于该魔芋葡甘聚糖水基压裂液的制备方法经过以下步骤:
(1)称取氯化钾0.745g及硫代硫酸钠0.595g溶于100mL蒸馏水中;
(2)称取魔芋粉末0.525g,在水浴60℃、搅拌状态下溶于步骤(1)中所述溶液中,充分溶胀1~1.5h;
(3)称取碳酸钠0.106g,溶于20mL蒸馏水中,溶解完全后,将其在60℃条件下,滴加至溶胀充分的魔芋溶液中,混合20min,持续搅拌;
(4)称取硼砂0.5g,溶于30mL蒸馏水中,溶解完全后,将其在60℃条件下,滴加至步骤(3)所述溶液中,混合1h,持续搅拌,制得魔芋水凝胶;
(5)将步骤(4)中制备所得魔芋凝胶静置24h后,利用旋转粘度计测得其粘度为35019cP。
2.一种权利要求1所述的魔芋葡甘聚糖水基压裂液的破胶方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
向魔芋水凝胶中加入β-甘露聚糖酶,该酶与魔芋凝胶中魔芋粉质量比例为1∶100,其中所用β-甘露聚糖酶酶活为1500U/g,pH为7.0~8.0,温度为室温时,酶解5h,凝胶粘度降低至10~15cP。
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