CN101735641A - 有机染料及其应用 - Google Patents

有机染料及其应用 Download PDF

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CN101735641A
CN101735641A CN200910217841.7A CN200910217841A CN101735641A CN 101735641 A CN101735641 A CN 101735641A CN 200910217841 A CN200910217841 A CN 200910217841A CN 101735641 A CN101735641 A CN 101735641A
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organic dye
dye
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sensitized solar
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王芳芳
司晓影
王菲菲
李仁志
王鹏
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Changzhou Institute Of Energy Storage Materials & Devices
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
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Abstract

本发明提供的有机染料,通过对其共轭单元进行适当的微调,达到了对染料分子的带隙及堆积结构调控的目的。用其制备的染料敏化太阳能电池,经测试获得了6.5%左右的电池效率。由于其制备工艺简单,原料易得、低廉,作为敏化剂用于染料敏化太阳能电池具有良好的前景。

Description

有机染料及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及有机染料及其应用。
背景技术
在众多的可再生能源之中,太阳能无疑是一种最为理想的清洁能源,而通过太阳电池进行光电转换是人类利用太阳能的主要途径之一。在太阳电池的家族中,硅基太阳电池因其转换率高和技术成熟占据了目前太阳电池主要市场份额,但硅太阳电池存在着原材料价格昂贵、生产成本高等缺点。1991年瑞士联邦高工的
Figure G2009102178417D0000011
教授报道了具有较高效率的染料敏化太阳电池(Nature 1991,353,737)。目前染料敏化太阳电池的光电转换效率已经接近薄膜硅电池,但其制造成本较低,具有良好的应用前景。目前性能最好的染料是含有贵金属的配合物,如多吡啶钌配合物(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2008,130,10720-10728),然而由于贵金属的有限探明储量限制了贵金属染料的实际应用。与多吡啶钌配合物相比,不含贵金属的有机染料具有成本低、摩尔吸收系数高和结构可调控性强等优点。因此,近年来合成工艺简单,原材料价格较低的有机染料,由于其更具商业前景而成为该领域研究的热点。
发明内容
本发明提供了有机染料及其应用。所述的有机染料用于制备染料敏化太阳电池中。
本发明提供的有机染料,其为如下化学结构式I-IV中的任意一个:
1化学结构式I:
Figure G2009102178417D0000021
化学结构式II:
Figure G2009102178417D0000022
化学结构式III:
Figure G2009102178417D0000023
化学结构式IV:
Figure G2009102178417D0000024
式中,R为烃氧基或烃硫基。
上述的有机染料的应用,其用于制备染料敏化太阳电池。
用上述有机染料制备染料敏化太阳电池的方法如下:染料敏化太阳电池的负极采用双层TiO2,底层膜由粒径为20纳米的TiO2纳米晶组成,厚度为7微米,上层膜由粒径为400纳米的TiO2光散射粒子组成,厚度为5微米;制备TiO2纳米晶和TiO2基纳米结构双层膜电极的方法参见文献(Wang P.et al.,Enhance the Performance ofDye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Co-grafting Amphiphilic Sensitizer andHexadecylmalonic Acid on TiO2 Nanocrystals,J.Phys.Chem.B.,2003,107,14336)。
将制备好的TiO2基双层膜负极浸泡在含有100微摩尔/升的化学结构通式I,II,III或IV的有机染料的乙腈/叔丁醇溶液中,时间为12小时,然后将覆盖纳米铂的正极通过一个35微米厚的热融环同TiO2基纳米结构双层膜电极加热熔融密封,最后将电解质材料注入到两个电极的缝隙中,即构成了染料敏化太阳电池。
有益效果:本发明提供的有机染料,通过对其共轭单元进行适当的微调,达到了对染料分子的带隙及堆积结构调控的目的。制备的染料敏化太阳能电池,经测试获得了6.5%左右的电池效率。由于其制备工艺简单,原料易得、低廉,作为敏化剂用于染料敏化太阳能电池具有良好的前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的由化学结构式I的有机染料制备的染料敏化太阳电池外量子效率与波长的曲线图。
图2是本发明提供的由化学结构式I的有机染料制备的染料敏化太阳电池电流与电压关系曲线图。
图3是本发明提供的由化学结构式II的有机染料制备的染料敏化太阳电池外量子效率与波长的曲线图。
图4是本发明提供的由化学结构式II的有机染料制备的染料敏化太阳电池电流与电压关系曲线图。
图5是本发明提供的由化学结构式III的有机染料制备的染料敏化太阳电池外量子效率与波长的曲线图。
图6是本发明提供的由化学结构式III的有机染料制备的染料敏化太阳电池电流与电压关系曲线图。
图7是本发明提供的由化学结构式IV的有机染料制备的染料敏化太阳电池外量子效率与波长的曲线图。
图8是本发明提供的由化学结构式IV的有机染料制备的染料敏化太阳电池电流与电压关系曲线图。
图9是本发明中有机染料I的核磁氢谱图。
图10是本发明中有机染料I的核磁碳谱图。
图11是本发明中有机染料II的核磁氢谱图。
图12是本发明中有机染料II的核磁碳谱图。
图13是本发明中有机染料III的核磁氢谱图。
图14是本发明中有机染料III的核磁碳谱图。
图15是本发明中有机染料IV的核磁氢谱图。
图16是本发明中有机染料IV的核磁碳谱图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:有机染料I的制备
合成路线如下:
Figure G2009102178417D0000051
其中,中间体(3)的合成是根据参考文献:J.Org.Chem.2002,67,205-218,中间体(4)的合成是根据参考文献:Chem.Eur.J.2006,12,667-675,其它分子的合成如下,得到有机染料I的核磁氢谱及碳谱见图9和图10。
中间体(2)的合成:
称取2g(3.5mmol)原料(1)、0.933g(3.67mmol)频哪醇合二硼,0.884g(10.5mmol)醋酸钾,0.091g(0.112mmol)1,1′-双二苯基膦二茂铁二氯化钯及25毫升二甲基亚砜,将其加入反应器内,反应体系置于氩气保护下,升温至80℃反应5.5小时,降至室温,加入25毫升乙酸乙酯,并加水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,除去溶剂后,用甲苯/正己烷(1∶3,v/v)作为展开剂柱层析,得到中间体(2),收率72%。
中间体(2)的核磁数据:
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,δH):7.44(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.03(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),6.91(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),6.66(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),3.93(t,J=6.4Hz,4H),1.70(m,4H),1.41(m,4H),1.30(m,8H),1.25(m,12H),0.88(t,J=6.8Hz,6H).
13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,δC):155.67,151.13,139.18,135.56,127.38,116.88,115.45,83.06,67.57,30.94,28.65,25.14,24.58,22.01,13.83.
中间体(5)的合成:
反应器内,将1.04g(1.8mmol)中间体(2)溶于130毫升四氢呋喃中,加入0.5g(2mmol)中间体(4),并将3.38g碳酸钾溶于13.6毫升水中,然后加入反应体系中,反应体系置于氩气保护下,搅拌2分钟后加入0.2g三苯基磷钯,加热回流反应12个小时,反应结束后加入50毫升水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用与有机相体积相同的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液、饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,除去溶剂后用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1∶3,v/v)作为展开剂柱层析,得到中间体(5),收率75%。
中间体(5)的核磁数据:
1HNMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,δH):9.813(s,1H),7.59(d,J=9Hz,2H),7.06(d,J=9.0,4H),6.92(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),6.76(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),4.46(s,1H),4.39(s,1H),3.94(t,J=6.6Hz,4H),1.71(m,4H),1.41(m,4H),1.31(m,8H),0.89(t,J=6.8Hz,6H)
13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,δC):178.60,155.74,149.72,148.93,139.01,136.89,127.82,127.56,127.25,122.08,117.99,115.54,113.12,67.61,65.26,64.50,30.95,28.64,25.16,22.03,13.86.
有机染料I的合成:
反应器内,将0.47g(0.766mmol)中间体(5)、0.195g(2.23mmol)氰乙酸和0.53毫升(5.36mmol)哌啶溶于30毫升氯仿中,反应体系用氩气保护,升温至回流反应24小时。反应结束后加入20毫升氯仿,有机相用2摩尔/升的盐酸水溶液酸化,水洗两次,除去有机相溶剂,用氯仿作为展开剂柱层析,得到染料再用2摩尔/升的盐酸水溶液酸化,水洗两次,除去有机相溶剂,用石油醚重结晶得到结构式I的有机染料,收率90%。
有机染料I的核磁数据:
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,δH):13.34(s,1H),8.18(s,1H),7.60(d,J=9.0,2H),7.07(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),6.93(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),6.78(d,J=9Hz,2H),4.48(s,2H),4.39(s,2H),3.95(t,J=6.6Hz,4H),1.71(m,4H),1.42(m,4H),1.31(m,8H),0.89(m,6H),
13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,δC):164.21,155.83,149.63,149.16,139.93,138.83,136.98,128.29,127.72,127.32,121.72,117.89,117.11,115.52,107.39,92.23,67.60,65.63,64.53,40.03,39.91,39.78,39.64,39.50,39.36,39.22,39.08,30.94,28.63,25.15,22.02,13.84
实施例2:有机染料II的制备
Figure G2009102178417D0000071
有机染料II的结构是将实施例1中的有机染料I的共轭单元3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩换成3,4-二甲氧基噻吩。其中中间体(6)的合成是根据参考文献J.Chem.Soc.,Perkin trans.1:Org.and Bio-Org.Chem.1973,2327-2330,其它是根据实施例1的步骤和条件合成出有机染料II,得到的有机染料II的的核磁氢谱及碳谱见图11和图12。
中间体(7)的核磁数据:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3,δH):9.91(s,1H),4.13(m,3H),3.92(m,3H)
13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3,δC):179.84,155.60,147.83,123.73,111.88,61.65,61.19
中间体(8)的核磁数据:
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,δH):9.99(s,1H),7.58(d,J=9Hz,2H),7.09(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),6.94(d,J=9Hz,4H),6.74(d,J=9Hz,2H),4.19(s,1H),3.95(t,J=6.6Hz,4H)3.73(s,1H),1.71(m,4H),1.41(m,4H),1.31(m,8H),0.89(t,J=6.8Hz,6H).
13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,δC):180.71,156.75,55.92,149.40,143.55,138.88,135.73,127.75,127.58,121.69,118.32,117.51,115.60,67.63,62.16,60.25,30.96,28.65,25.17,22.04,13.88
有机染料II的核磁数据:
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,δH):13.57(s,1H),8.22(s,1H),7.58(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.11(d,J=9Hz,4H),6.95(d,J=9Hz,4H),6.77(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.07(s,1H),3.95(t,J=6.6Hz,4H)3.74(s,1H),1.71(m,4H),1.42(m,4H),1.31(m,8H),0.89(t,J=6.8Hz,6H).
13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,δC):164.06,157.37,156.06,149.69,144.75,140.97,138.74,136.44,127.90,127.70,121.32,117.49,116.90,115.64,113.75,94.36,67.67,61.41,60.55,30.95,28.68,25.20,22.03,13.90
实施例3:有机染料III的制备
合成路线如下:
Figure G2009102178417D0000091
有机染料III的合成将实施例1中有机染料I的共轭单元3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩换成3,4-环己烯二氧噻吩。其中中间体(9)的合成是根据参考文献Chem.Commun.2004,926-927,其它是根据实施例1的步骤和条件合成出有机染料III,得到的有机染料III的核磁氢谱及碳谱见图13和图14。
中间体(10)的核磁数据:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3,δH):9.93(s,1H),6.75(s,1H),3.89-3.85(m,1H),3.79-3.76(m,1H),2.32(m,1H),2.25(m,1H),1.87(m,2H),1.52-1.38(m,4H).
13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3,δC):180.15,149.37,142.37,118.00,110.11,78.23,29.95,29.84,23.65,23.62,23.60.
中间体(11)的核磁数据:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3,δH):9.84(s,1H),3.88-3.86(m,1H),3.84-3.82(m,1H),2.31(m,2H),1.89(m,2H),1.53-1.41(m,4H).
13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3,δC):178.92,148.52,140.88,117.95,101.13,78.41,77.75,29.85,29.73,23.60,23.58
中间体(12)的核磁数据:
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,δH):9.79(s,1H),7.59(d,J=9Hz,2H),7.04(d,J=9Hz,4H),6.90(d,J=9Hz,4H),6.72(d,J=9Hz,2H),4.05(m,1H),3.94(m,5H),2.17(m,2H),1.74(m,2H),1.70-1.67(m,4H),1.41-1.29(m,16H),0.88(t,J=6.8Hz,6H).
13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,δC):178.42,155.75,149.96,148.88,138.94,137.17,127.41,127.27,122.14,117.82,115.50,112.77,77.66,76.77,67.59,30.94,29.42,29.26,28.64,25.15,23.05,23.00,22.02,13.84.
有机染料III的核磁数据:
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,δH):13.40(s,1H),8.17(s,1H),7.61(d,J=9Hz,2H),7.08(d,J=9Hz,4H),6.94(d,J=9Hz,4H),6.77(d,J=9Hz,2H),4.10(m,1H),3.95(m,1H),3.95(t,J=6.6Hz,4H),2.24(m,2H),1.76-1.69(m,6H),1.49-1.23(m,16H),0.89(t,J=6.8Hz,6H).
13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,δC):164.32,155.88,149.79,149.14,139.77,138.81,137.26,127.65,127.42,121.82,117.77,117.27,115.55,107.16,92.60,78.00,76.91,69.75,67.62,30.96,29.35,29.21,28.65,25.16,23.03,22.03,13.86.
实施例4:有机染料IV的制备
Figure G2009102178417D0000111
有机染料IV的合成是将实施例1中的有机染料I的共轭单元3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩换成3,4-苯并二氧噻吩,其中中间体(13)是根据中间体(9)的方法合成的,其它是根据实施例1的步骤和条件合成出有机染料IV,得到的有机染料IV的核磁氢谱和碳谱分别见图15和图16。
中间体(14)的核磁数据:
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,δH):9.95(s,1H),7.51(s,1H),7.18(d,J=6.6Hz,2H),7.11(d,J=6.6Hz,2H)
13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,δC):179.89,144.26,139.93,139.17,138.15,125.35,124.63,118.34,117.04,111.55
中间体(15)的核磁数据:
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,δH):9.88(s,1H),7.21-7.19(m,2H),7.14-7.12(m,2H)
13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,δC):179.07,143.79,139.48,138.88,137.64,125.57,125.12,118.08,117.16,117.02,100.04.
中间体(16)的核磁数据:
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6,δH):9.92(s,1H),7.67(d,J=9Hz,2H),7.21-7.17(m,2H),7.11(m,6H),6.95(d,J=9Hz,4H),6.77(d,J=9Hz,2H),3.96(t,J=6.6Hz,4H),1.72(m,4H),1.41(m,4H),1.31(m,8H),0.89(t,J=6.8Hz,6H).
13CNMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,δC):178.85,156.00,149.55,145.04,139.96,139.00,138.71,132.98,127.79,127.63,125.33,124.76,120.51,117.45,117.29,116.94,115.61,113.74,67.63,30.94,28.63,25.14,22.02,13.86.
有机染料IV的核磁数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,δH):13.67(s,1H),8.22(s,1H),7.64(d,J=9Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.20(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.11(m,6H),6.95(d,J=9Hz 4H),6.78(d,J=9Hz,2H),3.96(t,J=6.6Hz,4H),1.72(m,4H),1.41(m,4H),1.31(m,8H),0.89(t,J=6.8Hz,6H).
13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6,δC):163.65,156.06,149.59,144.80,139.82,139.09,139.01,138.61,133.22,127.83,127.66,127.47,125.36,124.77,120.34,117.41,117.14,117.05,116.62,115.59,107.91,95.50,67.65,30.98,28.66,25.18,22.05,13.88.
实施例5:基于有机染料I、II、III或IV的染料敏化太阳电池
将双层结构的TiO2负电极在含有100微摩尔每升染料I、II、III或IV的乙腈/叔丁醇溶液中浸泡12小时。然后将覆盖纳米铂的正电极通过一个35微米厚的热融环同吸附染料的TiO2电极加热熔融密封。最后将电解质注入到两个电极的缝隙中,即构成了染料敏化太阳电池。根据此方法得到的染料敏化太阳电池器件参数见表1.
表1  使用有机染料I、II、III或IV所制备的敏化太阳电池的器件测量结果
有机染料   开路电压(mV)   短路电流(mA/cm2)   填充因子FF   效率(%)
  I   744.1   12.56   0.705   6.59
  II   762.2   10.93   0.751   6.26
  III   757.3   11.56   0.740   6.48
  IV   773.7   11.44   0.750   6.64
详细的器件制备方法参见文献(Wang P.et al.,A Solvent-Free,SeCN-/(SeCN)3 -Based Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for High-EfficiencyDye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline Solar Cell,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,126,2004,7164)。

Claims (2)

1.有机光敏染料,其特征在于为如下化学结构式I-IV中的任意一个:
化学结构式I:
Figure F2009102178417C0000011
化学结构式II:
Figure F2009102178417C0000012
化学结构式III:
Figure F2009102178417C0000013
化学结构式IV:
式中,R为烃氧基或烃硫基。
2.权利要求1所述的有机染料应用,其特征在于,其用于制备染料敏化太阳电池。
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